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B Gowda SG, Shekhar C, Gowda D, Chen Y, Chiba H, Hui SP. Mass spectrometric approaches in discovering lipid biomarkers for COVID-19 by lipidomics: Future challenges and perspectives. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:1041-1065. [PMID: 37102760 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat and has rapidly spread worldwide. Significant changes in the lipid profile before and after COVID-19 confirmed the significance of lipid metabolism in regulating the response to viral infection. Therefore, understanding the role of lipid metabolism may facilitate the development of new therapeutics for COVID-19. Owing to their high sensitivity and accuracy, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods are widely used for rapidly identifying and quantifying of thousands of lipid species present in a small amount of sample. To enhance the capabilities of MS for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids, different platforms have been combined to cover a wide range of lipidomes with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Currently, MS-based technologies are being established as efficient methods for discovering potential diagnostic biomarkers for COVID-19 and related diseases. As the lipidome of the host cell is drastically affected by the viral replication process, investigating lipid profile alterations in patients with COVID-19 and targeting lipid metabolism pathways are considered to be crucial steps in host-directed drug targeting to develop better therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes various MS-based strategies that have been developed for lipidomic analyzes and biomarker discoveries to combat COVID-19 by integrating various other potential approaches using different human samples. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges in using MS technologies and future perspectives in terms of drug discovery and diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chandra Shekhar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yifan Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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2
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Huggett JF, O'Sullivan DM, Cowen S, Cleveland MH, Davies K, Harris K, Moran-Gilad J, Winter A, Braybrook J, Messenger M. Ensuring accuracy in the development and application of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for infectious disease. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101275. [PMID: 38772082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Diagnostic tests were heralded as crucial during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic with most of the key methods using bioanalytical approaches that detected larger molecules (RNA, protein antigens or antibodies) rather than conventional clinical biochemical techniques. Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs), like the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and other molecular methods, like sequencing (that often work in combination with NAATs), were essential to the diagnosis and management during COVID-19. This was exemplified both early in the pandemic but also later on, following the emergence of new genetic SARS-CoV-2 variants. The 100 day mission to respond to future pandemic threats highlights the need for effective diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. Of the three, diagnostics represents the first opportunity to manage infectious diseases while also being the most poorly supported in terms of the infrastructure needed to demonstrate effectiveness. Where performance targets exist, they are not well served by consensus on how to demonstrate they are being met; this includes analytical factors such as limit of detection (LOD) false positive results as well as how to approach clinical evaluation. The selection of gold standards or use of epidemiological factors such as predictive value, reference ranges or clinical thresholds are seldom correctly considered. The attention placed on molecular diagnostic tests during COVID-19 illustrates important considerations and assumptions on the use of these methods for infectious disease diagnosis and beyond. In this manuscript, we discuss state-of-the-art approaches to diagnostic evaluation and explore how they may be better tailored to diagnostic techniques like NAATs to maximise the impact of these highly versatile bioanalytical tools, both generally and during future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim F Huggett
- National Measurement Laboratory (NML), LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, Middlesex, UK; School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Denise M O'Sullivan
- National Measurement Laboratory (NML), LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, Middlesex, UK; School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Simon Cowen
- National Measurement Laboratory (NML), LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, Middlesex, UK
| | - Megan H Cleveland
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kerrie Davies
- Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust/University of Leeds, UK; NIHR Leeds MedTech In Vitro Diagnostic Cooperative, University of Leeds, UK; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals and University of Leeds, UK
| | - Kathryn Harris
- Department of Virology, NHS East and South East London Pathology Partnership, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jacob Moran-Gilad
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amanda Winter
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, North East Innovation Laboratory, The Biosphere, Drayman's Way, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5BX, UK
| | - Julian Braybrook
- National Measurement Laboratory (NML), LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, Middlesex, UK
| | - Michael Messenger
- FIND, Campus Biotech, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds Worsley Building, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; British In Vitro Diagnostic Association (BIVDA), 299 Oxford St, London, W1C 2DZ, UK
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Nelson-Mora J, Rubio D, Ventura-Martínez A, González LA, Del-Rio D, Aranda-López Y, Jiménez-Díaz E, Zamarrón-Hernández D, Ríos-López DG, Aguirre S, Ruiz-Hernandez Y, Cruz-Ramírez A, Barjau JS, Jáurez MA, Lopez-Aparicio J, Campa-Higareda A, Fiordelisio T. New detection method of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies toward a point-of-care biosensor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1202126. [PMID: 37485316 PMCID: PMC10359622 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1202126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19, a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is regarded as the most severe of the documented coronavirus pandemics. The measurement and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels by serological tests are relevant for a better epidemiological and clinical understanding of COVID-19. The aim of this work was to design a method called the SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection method (SARS-CoV-2 AbDM) for fluorescence immunodetection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM on both plate and microfluidic chip. For this purpose, a system with magnetic beads that immobilize the antigen (S protein and RBD) on its surface was used to determine the presence and quantity of antibodies in a sample in a single reaction. The SARS-CoV-2 AbDM led to several advantages in the performance of the tests, such as reduced cost, possibility of performing isolated or multiple samples, potential of multiplex detection, and capacity to detect whole blood samples without losing resolution. In addition, due to the microfluidic chip in conjunction with the motorized actuated platform, the time, sample quantity, and operator intervention during the process were reduced. All these advantages suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 AbDM has the potential to be developed as a PoC that can be used as a tool for seroprevalence monitoring, allowing a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and contributing to more effective and ethical decision-making in strategies to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janikua Nelson-Mora
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Rubio
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amairani Ventura-Martínez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A. González
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Del-Rio
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada-LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yuli Aranda-López
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Jiménez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada-LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Imagenología Cuantitativa, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Zamarrón-Hernández
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana G. Ríos-López
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Aguirre
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yasab Ruiz-Hernandez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aarón Cruz-Ramírez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jonás S. Barjau
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Jáurez
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jehú Lopez-Aparicio
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Campa-Higareda
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada-LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Imagenología Cuantitativa, Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Alexaki K, Kyriazi ME, Greening J, Taemaitree L, El-Sagheer AH, Brown T, Zhang X, Muskens OL, Kanaras AG. A SARS-Cov-2 sensor based on upconversion nanoparticles and graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18445-18449. [PMID: 35799935 PMCID: PMC9215703 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increased need for the development of novel diagnostic solutions that can accurately and rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this work, we demonstrate the targeting of viral oligonucleotide markers within minutes without the requirement of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification step via the use of oligonucleotide-coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and graphene oxide (GO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Alexaki
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Maria Eleni Kyriazi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East Kuwait
| | - Joshua Greening
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Lapatrada Taemaitree
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Afaf H El-Sagheer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University Suez 43721 Egypt
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Xunli Zhang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO171BJ UK
| | - Otto L Muskens
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO171BJ UK
| | - Antonios G Kanaras
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton Southampton SO171BJ UK
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5
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Rotondo JC, Martini F, Maritati M, Caselli E, Gallenga CE, Guarino M, De Giorgio R, Mazziotta C, Tramarin ML, Badiale G, Tognon M, Contini C. Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1193. [PMID: 35744711 PMCID: PMC9231257 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 in China and quickly spread across the globe, causing over 521 million cases of infection and 6.26 million deaths to date. After 2 years, numerous advances have been made. First of all, the preventive vaccine, which has been implemented in record time, is effective in more than 95% of cases. Additionally, in the diagnostic field, there are numerous molecular and antigenic diagnostic kits that are equipped with high sensitivity and specificity. Real Time-PCR-based assays for the detection of viral RNA are currently considered the gold-standard method for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and can be used efficiently on pooled nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal samples for widespread screening. Moreover, additional, and more advanced molecular methods such as droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), are currently under development to detect the SARS-CoV-2 RNA. However, as the number of subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 continuously increases globally, health care systems are being placed under increased stress. Thus, the clinical laboratory plays an important role, helping to select especially asymptomatic individuals who are actively carrying the live replicating virus, with fast and non-invasive molecular technologies. Recent diagnostic strategies, other than molecular methods, have been adopted to either detect viral antigens, i.e., antigen-based immunoassays, or human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, i.e., antibody-based immunoassays, in nasal or oropharyngeal swabs, as well as in blood or saliva samples. However, the role of mucosal sIgAs, which are essential in the control of viruses entering the body through mucosal surfaces, remains to be elucidated, and in particular the role of the immune response in counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection, primarily at the site(s) of virus entry that appears to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maritati
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Orthopaedic Ward, Casa di Cura Santa Maria Maddalena, 45030 Occhiobello, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, CIAS Research Center and LTTA, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Carla Enrica Gallenga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Matteo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Tramarin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Giada Badiale
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlo Contini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
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Ochola L, Ogongo P, Mungai S, Gitaka J, Suliman S. Performance Evaluation of Lateral Flow Assays for Coronavirus Disease-19 Serology. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:31-56. [PMID: 35153047 PMCID: PMC8563367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has undoubtedly resulted in significant morbidities, mortalities, and economic disruptions across the globe. Affordable and scalable tools to monitor the transmission dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the longevity of induced antibodies will be paramount to monitor and control the pandemic as multiple waves continue to rage in many countries. Serologic assays detect humoral responses to the virus, to determine seroprevalence in target populations, or induction of antibodies at the individual level following either natural infection or vaccination. With multiple vaccines rolling out globally, serologic assays to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies will be important tools to monitor the development of herd immunity. To address this need, serologic lateral flow assays (LFAs), which can be easily implemented for both population surveillance and home use, will be vital to monitor the evolution of the pandemic and inform containment measures. Such assays are particularly important for monitoring the transmission dynamics and durability of immunity generated by natural infections and vaccination, particularly in resource-limited settings. In this review, we discuss considerations for evaluating the accuracy of these LFAs, their suitability for different use cases, and implementation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ochola
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 24481, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Paul Ogongo
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 24481, Nairobi 00502, Kenya; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Samuel Mungai
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, PO Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
| | - Jesse Gitaka
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Mount Kenya University, PO Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Moran-Gilad J. Measuring diagnostic performance of COVID-19 tests: lessons for the next pandemic. Euro Surveill 2021; 26. [PMID: 34763755 PMCID: PMC8646981 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.45.2101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Moran-Gilad
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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8
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Divagar M, Gayathri R, Rasool R, Shamlee JK, Bhatia H, Satija J, Sai VVR. Plasmonic Fiberoptic Absorbance Biosensor (P-FAB) for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:22758-22766. [PMID: 35582121 PMCID: PMC8843044 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-based COVID-19 diagnosis is a promising alternative to the high-priced, time-consuming, and labor-intensive RT-PCR tests. Here, we developed a rapid, dip-type, wash-free plasmonic fiber optic absorbance biosensor (P-FAB) strategy for the point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein, expressed abundantly during the infection. P-FAB involves a sandwich assay with plasmonic labels on the surface of a U-bent fiber optic sensor probe with a high evanescent wave absorbance (EWA) sensitivity. The SARS-CoV-2 N-protein is quantified in terms of the change in the intensity of the light propagating through the U-bent sensor probe coupled to a green LED and a photodetector. Firstly, the optical fiber material (silica vs. polymeric optical fiber), was evaluated to realize a sensitive sensor platform. The optimal size of AuNP labels (20, 40, and 60 nm) to achieve high sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LoD) was investigated. Following the P-FAB strategy, fused silica/glass optical fiber (GOF) U-bent senor probe and citrate-capped AuNP labels (size ~40 nm) gave rise to an LoD down to ~2.5 ng/mL within 10 mins of read-out time. Further, studies on development and validation of a point of care (PoC) read-out device, and preclinical studies are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Divagar
- Biomedical Engineering GroupDepartment of Applied MechanicsIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India
| | - R. Gayathri
- Biomedical Engineering GroupDepartment of Applied MechanicsIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India
| | - Rahiel Rasool
- Biomedical Engineering GroupDepartment of Applied MechanicsIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India
| | - J. Kuzhandai Shamlee
- Biomedical Engineering GroupDepartment of Applied MechanicsIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India
| | | | - Jitendra Satija
- Centre for NanobiotechnologyVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India
| | - V. V. R. Sai
- Biomedical Engineering GroupDepartment of Applied MechanicsIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India
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9
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Niederman MS, Zumla A. Editorial: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - advances in epidemiology, diagnostics, treatments, host-directed therapies, pathogenesis, vaccines, and ongoing challenges. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 27:141-145. [PMID: 33779587 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Niederman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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