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Vilar-Pereira G, Gibaldi D, Castaño-Barrios L, da Silva AA, Resende Pereira I, Cruz Moreira O, Britto C, Mata dos Santos HA, de Oliveira Lopes R, Wanderley Tinoco L, Oliveira W, Lannes-Vieira J. The beneficial effect of fluoxetine on behavioral and cognitive changes in chronic experimental Chagas disease unveils the role of serotonin fueling astrocyte infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012199. [PMID: 38776344 PMCID: PMC11149870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the development of mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and memory loss may be underpinned by social, psychological, and biological stressors. Here, we investigated biological factors underlying behavioral changes in a preclinical model of CD. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In T. cruzi-infected C57BL/6 mice, a kinetic study (5 to 150 days postinfection, dpi) using standardized methods revealed a sequential onset of behavioral changes: reduced innate compulsive behavior, followed by anxiety and depressive-like behavior, ending with progressive memory impairments. Hence, T. cruzi-infected mice were treated (120 to 150 dpi) with 10 mg/Kg/day of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (Fx), an antidepressant that favors neuroplasticity. Fx therapy reversed the innate compulsive behavior loss, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior while preventing or reversing memory deficits. Biochemical, histological, and parasitological analyses of the brain tissue showed increased levels of the neurotransmitters GABA/glutamate and lipid peroxidation products and decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the absence of neuroinflammation at 150 dpi. Fx therapy ameliorated the neurochemical changes and reduced parasite load in the brain tissue. Next, using the human U-87 MG astroglioma cell line, we found no direct effect of Fx on parasite load. Crucially, serotonin/5-HT (Ser/5-HT) promoted parasite uptake, an effect increased by prior stimulation with IFNγ and TNF but abrogated by Fx. Also, Fx blocked the cytokine-driven Ser/5-HT-promoted increase of nitric oxide and glutamate levels in infected cells. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE We bring the first evidence of a sequential onset of behavioral changes in T. cruzi-infected mice. Fx therapy improves behavioral and biological changes and parasite control in the brain tissue. Moreover, in the central nervous system, cytokine-driven Ser/5-HT consumption may favor parasite persistence, disrupting neurotransmitter balance and promoting a neurotoxic environment likely contributing to behavioral and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gibaldi
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leda Castaño-Barrios
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Alice da Silva
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Apoio à Pesquisa em Nefrologia e Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacílio Cruz Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, IOC/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hílton Antônio Mata dos Santos
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análise e Desenvolvimento de Inibidores Enzimáticos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Oliveira Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (LAMAR), Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais (IPPN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luzineide Wanderley Tinoco
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Análises por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (LAMAR), Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais (IPPN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilson Oliveira
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE)/Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bransfield RC, Mao C, Greenberg R. Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 12:83. [PMID: 38200989 PMCID: PMC10779437 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A review of the association between microbes and mental illness is performed, including the history, relevant definitions, infectious agents associated with mental illnesses, complex interactive infections, total load theory, pathophysiology, psychoimmunology, psychoneuroimmunology, clinical presentations, early-life infections, clinical assessment, and treatment. Perspectives on the etiology of mental illness have evolved from demonic possession toward multisystem biologically based models that include gene expression, environmental triggers, immune mediators, and infectious diseases. Microbes are associated with a number of mental disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders, as well as suicidality and aggressive or violent behaviors. Specific microbes that have been associated or potentially associated with at least one of these conditions include Aspergillus, Babesia, Bartonella, Borna disease virus, Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease), Candida, Chlamydia, coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2), Cryptococcus neoformans, cytomegalovirus, enteroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C, herpes simplex virus, human endogenous retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, influenza viruses, measles virus, Mycoplasma, Plasmodium, rubella virus, Group A Streptococcus (PANDAS), Taenia solium, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Trypanosoma, and West Nile virus. Recognition of the microbe and mental illness association with the development of greater interdisciplinary research, education, and treatment options may prevent and reduce mental illness morbidity, disability, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Bransfield
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutey, NJ 07110, USA
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Lee JY, Kim M, Jhon M, Kim H, Kang HJ, Ryu S, Kim JM, Kim SW. The association of gratitude with perceived stress among nurses in Korea during COVID-19 outbreak. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:647-652. [PMID: 34861959 PMCID: PMC8530766 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses might experience added emotional stress. This study examined the relationship between gratitude and psychological stress to explore effective psychological support among nurses. METHODS A cross-sectional survey assessed the level of psychological distress in 646 nurses in Gwangju, South Korea, using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (K-GQ-6), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). Sociodemographic factors and COVID-19-related experiences were also examined. A linear regression model was used to determine the factors influencing perceived stress. RESULTS The mean PSS-10 score was 19.0 ± 4.4. Linear regression analyses revealed that the MBI-GS-Exhaustion, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores were positively associated with perceived stress, while the MBI-GS-Professional efficacy score was inversely associated with perceived stress. Gratitude disposition using the K-GQ-6 score negatively predicted PSS-10 (β = 0.829, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Psychological interventions that help cultivate gratitude and professional efficacy among nurses can help promote stress resilience throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Gwang-ju Mental Health Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Gwang-ju Mental Health Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Honey Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Gwang-ju Mental Health Commission, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JW, Lee H, Kang HY. Association between depression and antibiotic use: analysis of population-based National Health Insurance claims data. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:536. [PMID: 34711196 PMCID: PMC8554858 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent exposure to antibiotic treatments may increase the risk of antibiotic resistance, which may threaten the effectiveness of future antibiotic treatments. Thus, it is important to identify the preventable risks in terms of antibiotic use. This study assessed the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and antibiotic use by comparing the likelihood and extent of antibiotic use between patients with and without MDD. METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized the National Patients Sample data from the 2017 Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We analyzed 16,950 patients with MDD, defined as those with at least two claims records stating a primary diagnosis of MDD (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes F32-33) and 67,800 patients without MDD (1:4 propensity-score matched control group). Antibiotic use was compared between the patients with and without MDD based on three variables: the presence of antibiotic prescriptions, total prescription days of antibiotics per year, and total medication costs of antibiotics per year. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratio obtained by multivariate regression analysis for the presence of prescription of antibiotics was 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-1.36). In the negative binomial model, the number of prescription days was 1.25 times (95% CI: 1.23-1.28) higher in patients with MDD than in those without MDD. Generalized linear model analysis showed a 1.39-fold (95% CI: 1.36-1.43) higher cost of antibiotic prescription in patients with MDD than in those without MDD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a potential association between MDD and the prescription of antibiotics, implying that patients with MDD are relatively vulnerable to infections. It is important to prevent as well as closely monitor the occurrence of infections when managing patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Wook Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983 South Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate Program of Industrial Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hankil Lee
- grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
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Hassannia L, Taghizadeh F, Moosazadeh M, Zarghami M, Taghizadeh H, Dooki AF, Fathi M, Alizadeh‐Navaei R, Hedayatizadeh‐Omran A, Dehghan N. Anxiety and Depression in Health Workers and General Population During COVID-19 in IRAN: A Cross-Sectional Study. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:40-49. [PMID: 33369264 PMCID: PMC8182959 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak has exerted a great deal of psychological pressure on Iranian health workers and the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pandemic on anxiety and depression in Iranian population. METHODS An online cross-sectional study was conducted for the general public and healthcare workers in Iran using a questionnaire comprised of demographic questions and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Chi-square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted. RESULTS Of the 2045 participants, 1136 (65.6%) were considered to have moderate and severe anxiety symptoms, and 865 (42.3%) had moderate and severe depression symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety was higher in the females than in the males (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.123-1.643, P = .002); the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher in those aged 30-39 years than in other age-groups (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.123-2.320, P = .001); furthermore, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher in doctors and nurses compared with other occupations ((OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.367-2.491, P < .001) and (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.154-2.021, P = .003)). In addition, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the likely infected COVID-19 group was higher than in the noninfected COVID-19 group (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.093-1.654, P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Regarding the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, especially among healthcare workers, appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hassannia
- Faculty of HealthMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Departman of psychologyIslamic Azad University Sari branch
| | - Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterAddiction InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research CenterNon‐communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mehran Zarghami
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of Medicine & Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterAddiction InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Hassan Taghizadeh
- Anesthesiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Mohammad Fathi
- Anesthesiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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Pedersen EMJ, Köhler-Forsberg O, Nordentoft M, Christensen RHB, Mortensen PB, Petersen L, Benros ME. Infections of the central nervous system as a risk factor for mental disorders and cognitive impairment: A nationwide register-based study. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:668-674. [PMID: 32353515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CNS infections have been suggested as risk factors for cognitive decline and mental disorders; however, large-scale studies have been lacking regarding types and agents of CNS infections. METHODS We utilized the unique personal registration number to create a cohort of 1,709,867 individuals born 1977-2010. CNS infection was exposure and data were analysed with 1) cox regression analyses estimating hazard ratios (HR) for developing mental disorders and 2) binomial regression estimating relative risk (RR) for completion of 9th grade including average grade score in a sub-cohort born 1988-1998. RESULTS CNS infection increased the risk for developing mental disorders with a HR of 1.34 (95% CI 1.27-1.42). The highest risk observed was within the first 6 months after the CNS infection with a HR of 26.98 (95% CI 21.19-34.35). Viral CNS infections (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.35-1.61) conferred a higher risk (p < 0.001) than bacterial (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15-1.35). Encephalitis (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.41-1.90) conferred a higher risk (p < 0.001) than meningitis (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.18-1.35). The risk was highest for organic mental disorders (HR 6.50, 95% CI 5.11-8.28) and disorders of intellectual development (HR 3.56, 95% CI 2.94-4.31), with a HR of 19.19 (95% CI 7.46-49.35) for profound disorder of intellectual development (IQ < 20). Furthermore, CNS infection decreased the RR of completing 9th grade of mandatory schooling (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.88-0.91) and lowered average grade score for completers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CNS infections increased the risk for mental disorders and decreased the likelihood of completing 9th grade, indicating long-term consequences of CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole Köhler-Forsberg
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Preben B Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Petersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael E Benros
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Shahzad F, Du J, Khan I, Fateh A, Shahbaz M, Abbas A, Wattoo MU. Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Contagion and Frontline Paramedics' Agonistic Behaviour: Employing a Stressor-Strain-Outcome Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5102. [PMID: 32679748 PMCID: PMC7400234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Historically, infectious diseases have been the leading cause of human psychosomatic strain and death tolls. This research investigated the recent threat of COVID-19 contagion, especially its impact among frontline paramedics treating patients with COVID-19, and their perception of self-infection, which ultimately increases their agonistic behaviour. Based on the stressor-strain-outcome paradigm, a research model was proposed and investigated using survey-based data through a structured questionnaire. The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. These findings significantly contributed to the current literature concerning COVID-19 and pandemic-related effects on human behaviour. This study also theorized the concept of human agonistic behaviour, which has key implications for future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar Shahzad
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianguo Du
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan; (I.K.); (M.U.W.)
| | - Adnan Fateh
- Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Lyallpur Business School, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Adnan Abbas
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Muhammad Umair Wattoo
- Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan; (I.K.); (M.U.W.)
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Liu Q, He H, Yang J, Feng X, Zhao F, Lyu J. Changes in the global burden of depression from 1990 to 2017: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease study. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 126:134-140. [PMID: 31439359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is the most common mental illness worldwide. It has become an important public health problem. This study aimed to determine the global burden of depression and how it has changed between 1990 and 2017. METHODS We used information on depression obtained by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 1990 to 2017. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were used to assess the global burden of depression. RESULTS The number of incident cases of depression worldwide increased from 172 million in 1990 to 25,8 million in 2017, representing an increase of 49.86%. The ASR of depression varied widely between the 195 analyzed countries and regions in 2017, being highest in Lesotho (6.59 per 1000) and lowest in Myanmar (1.28 per 1000). The ASR increased the most between 1990 and 2017 in Belgium (EAPC = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78 to 0.97), and decreased the most in Cuba (EAPC = -1.26, 95% CI = -1.36 to -1.14). The ASR increased in regions with a high sociodemographic index, such as high-income North America (EAPC = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.51), and decreased significantly in South Asia (EAPC = -0.63, 95% CI = -0.85 to -0.41). The proportions of the population with major depressive disorder and dysthymia were essentially stable both globally and in various countries, with a much larger proportion having major depressive disorder. CONCLUSION Depression remains a major public health issue, and governments should support the research necessary to develop better prevention and treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hairong He
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Feng
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanfan Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhu J, Sun L, Zhang L, Wang H, Fan A, Yang B, Li W, Xiao S. Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in the First-Line Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19 in Gansu. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:386. [PMID: 32411034 PMCID: PMC7202136 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has brought enormous physical and psychological pressure on Chinese medical staff. It is extremely important to understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-line anti-epidemic medical staff and their coping styles for these negative emotions. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gansu (China), with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). A total of 79 doctors and 86 nurses participated in the survey. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between SAS, SDS, and SCSQ score. A linear regression model was used to determine the influencing factors for anxiety or depression symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression symptoms among doctors was 11.4% and 45.6%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety (T=-2.644, p= 0.010, 95%CI: -10.514~-1.481) was shown to be a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in doctors, while being male (T=2.970, p=0.004, 95%CI: 2.667~13.521) was a protective factor for depression. The prevalence rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among nurses was 27.9% and 43.0%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety was a common risk factor for anxiety symptoms (T=-3.635, p=0.000, 95%CI: -16.360~-4.789) and depression symptoms (T=-2.835, p=0.005, 95%CI:-18.238~-3.254) in nurses. The results of partial correlation analysis (controlled for gender and history of depression or anxiety) indicated that the total score of positive coping was negatively correlated with the total score of anxiety (r=-0.182, p=0.002) and depression (r=-0.253, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The first-line anti-epidemic medical staff have high anxiety and depression symptoms and adopting positive coping styles will help to improve their negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ajiao Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Schaad KA, Bukhari AS, Brooks DI, Kocher JD, Barringer ND. The relationship between vitamin D status and depression in a tactical athlete population. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:40. [PMID: 31500652 PMCID: PMC6734287 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stressors inherent to the military, such as combat exposure, separation from family, and strenuous training, collectively contribute to compromised psychological resilience and greatly impact military performance. Methods This retrospective review of records was conducted to determine whether vitamin D status was associated with diagnoses of depression and if diagnoses differed by geographic location. Results Depression (defined using diagnostic codes) was more prevalent in individuals who were diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency (20.4%) than in individuals who were not (4.2%). After adjustment, vitamin D deficient diagnoses remained significantly associated with depression diagnoses (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11–1.33, p < 0.001). Furthermore, vitamin D deficient diagnoses were strongly associated with geographic latitude (r2 = 0.92, p = 0.002). Conclusion These results suggest that service members stationed at installations located at northerly latitudes may be at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, vitamin D deficient service members may be at higher risk for diagnosis of depression. As a number of military service members avoid reporting symptoms or seeking treatment, vitamin D status may be a useful screening tool to identify service members at risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Schaad
- U.S. Baylor Military Graduate Program in Nutrition, 3630 Stanley Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA. .,Nutrition Services Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
| | - Asma S Bukhari
- U.S. Baylor Military Graduate Program in Nutrition, 3630 Stanley Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA.,Nutrition Services Department, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Daniel I Brooks
- Department of Research Programs, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Justin D Kocher
- U.S. Baylor Military Graduate Program in Nutrition, 3630 Stanley Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA.,Health Readiness Center of Excellence, Capability Development Integration Directorate, 3630 Stanley Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Nicholas D Barringer
- U.S. Baylor Military Graduate Program in Nutrition, 3630 Stanley Road, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA.,Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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11
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Chiu CH, Chen PC, Wang YC, Lin CL, Lee FY, Wu CC, Chang KH. Risk of Dementia in Patients with Leptospirosis: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173168. [PMID: 31480270 PMCID: PMC6747145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Studies have linked some bacterial infections with an increased likelihood for development of dementia. However, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between dementia and leptospirosis. In view of this, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine whether leptospirosis is a risk factor for dementia. Methods: Data were collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Databases (2000–2010) to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for dementia in patients with leptospirosis. Patients with leptospirosis who did not have a history of dementia were enrolled in the study. For each leptospirosis patient, four controls were randomly selected after frequency matching of age, sex, and index date. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for the analyses of dementia risk. Results: A greater risk of dementia was observed in the leptospirosis cohort than in the non-leptospirosis cohort both in patients without any comorbidity (adjusted HR (aHR) = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.06–1.43) and with a comorbidity (aHR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.7–2.5). Compared with the non-leptospirosis cohort without these comorbidities, the leptospirosis cohort with ≥2 comorbidities exhibited a significantly increased risk of dementia (aHR = 6.11, 95% CI = 3.15–11.9), followed by those with any one comorbidity (adjusted HR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.76–7.46). Conclusions: Patients with leptospirosis were at a 1.89-fold greater risk of subsequent dementia, but potential genetic susceptibility bias in the study group is a major confound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center Taipei, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chung Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32549, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Feng-You Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung 42743, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- General Education Center, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35664, Taiwan.
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12
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Bakeer MS, Youssef MI, Elshazly HM, Abdel-Samiee M, El-Gendy AA, Abouzed M, Othman W, Abdelkareem M, Abozeid M, Awad SM, Khalil FO, Bedair HM, Diab KA, Seif AS, Youssef MF, Sakr AA, Abdelsameea E. On-treatment improvement of an emerging psychosomatic depressive disorder among salmonella carriers: a multicenter experience from Egypt. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2573-2582. [PMID: 31686865 PMCID: PMC6709802 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s206642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As physicians in a referral hospital, we observed the association between history of enteric fever and somatic disorders associated with low mood. At the Al-Hussein University Hospital, Cairo and the National Liver Institute Hospital, Menoufia, we receive patients from all over Egypt, including rural areas where enteric fever is endemic. Aim Here in, 60 Egyptian patients referred to us for evaluation of different somatic disorders are reported. Methods After extensive evaluations, the patients' symptoms were function-related. Also, their typhoid carrier states were documented, and the severity of depression using Hamilton-D (HAM-D) questionnaire was evaluated and recorded. All patients were treated with ceftriaxone, 2 gm, IV, daily for 15 days. The clinical evaluation and Hamilton score were reassessed at the end of the treatment and 6 weeks thereafter. The patients did not receive any anti-depressant nor anti-anxiety treatment during their course. Typhoid carrier was defined by documenting the history of typhoid fever that was diagnosed by culturing the Salmonella species, and not by serology, isolated from stool culture along with febrile condition, plus the absence of fever in the past 3 weeks. The Widal test was not accepted as a criterion for enrollment. Results Patients showed clinically significant improvement in the somatic complaints, and their HAM-D score immediately post-treatment that was consolidated for 6 weeks post-treatment completion. Conclusion In this study, the typhoid carrier was associated with the psychosomatic depression that improved by antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helmy M Elshazly
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Samiee
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - M Abouzed
- Psychiatry Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Warda Othman
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mervat Abdelkareem
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mai Abozeid
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Samah Mohammed Awad
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Microbiology in Liver and GIT Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Fatma O Khalil
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Microbiology in Liver and GIT Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Bedair
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Karema A Diab
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - A S Seif
- Tropical Medicine Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Youssef
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ayman Ahmed Sakr
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Response to editor regarding "Improvement of psychiatric symptoms in youth following resolution of sinusitis". Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 112:208-209. [PMID: 29050812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hung TH, Chen VCH, Yang YH, Tsai CS, Lu ML, McIntyre RS, Lee Y, Huang KY. Association between enterovirus infection and speech and language impairments: A nationwide population-based study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 77:76-86. [PMID: 29705533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Delay and impairment in Speech and language are common developmental problems in younger populations. Hitherto, there has been minimal study of the association between common childhood infections (e.g. enterovirus [EV]) and speech and language. The impetus for evaluating this association is provided by evidence linking inflammation to neurodevelopmental disorders. Herein we sought to determine whether an association exists between EV infection and subsequent diagnoses of speech and language impairments in a nationwide population-based sample in Taiwan. METHODS Our study acquired data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The sample was comprised of individuals under 18 years of age with newly diagnosed EV infection during the period from January 1998 to December 2011. 39669 eligible cases were compared to matched controls and assessed during the study period for incident cases of speech and language impairments. Cox regression analyses were applied, adjusting for sex, age and other physical and mental problems. RESULTS In the fully adjusted Cox regression model for hazard ratios, EV infection as positively associated with speech and language impairments (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.22) after adjusting for age, sex and other confounds. Compared to the control group, the hazard ratio for speech and language impairments was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03-1.21) amongst the group of EV infection without hospitalization, and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10-1.45) amongst the group of EV infection with hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS EV infection is temporally associated with incident speech and language impairments. Our findings herein provide rationale for educating families that EV infection may be associated with subsequent speech and language problems in susceptible individuals and that monitoring for such a presentation would be warranted. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS?: Speech and language impairments associated with central nervous system infections have been reported in the literature. EV are medically important human pathogens and associated with select neuropsychiatric diseases. Notwithstanding, relatively few reports have mentioned the effects of EV infection on speech and language problems. Our study used a nationwide longitudinal dataset and identified that children with EV infection have a greater risk for speech and language impairments as compared with control group. Infected children combined other comorbidities or risk factors might have greater possibility to develop speech problems. Clinicians should be vigilant for the onset of language developmental abnormalities of preschool children with EV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hsin Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Chang Gung Research Datalink, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital & School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kuo-You Huang
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian W Tang
- a Clinical Microbiology , University Hospital of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , UK.,b Infection, Immunity and Inflammation , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK
| | - Christopher W Holmes
- a Clinical Microbiology , University Hospital of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , UK
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