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Mickols E, Meyer A, Handin N, Stüwe M, Eriksson J, Rudfeldt J, Blom K, Fryknäs M, Sellin ME, Lauschke VM, Karlgren M, Artursson P. OCT1 (SLC22A1) transporter kinetics and regulation in primary human hepatocyte 3D spheroids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17334. [PMID: 39068198 PMCID: PMC11283471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
3D spheroids of primary human hepatocytes (3D PHH) retain a differentiated phenotype with largely conserved metabolic function and proteomic fingerprint over weeks in culture. As a result, 3D PHH are gaining importance as a model for mechanistic liver homeostasis studies and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) in drug discovery. However, the kinetics and regulation of drug transporters have not yet been assessed in 3D PHH. Here, we used organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1/SLC22A1) as a model to study both transport kinetics and the long-term regulation of transporter activity via relevant signalling pathways. The kinetics of the OCT1 transporter was studied using the fluorescent model substrate 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP+) and known OCT1 inhibitors in individual 3D PHH. For long-term studies, 3D PHH were treated with xenobiotics for seven days, after which protein expression and OCT1 function were assessed. Global proteomic analysis was used to track hepatic phenotypes as well as prototypical changes in other regulated proteins, such as P-glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 3A4. ASP+ kinetics indicated a fully functional OCT1 transporter with a Km value of 14 ± 4.0µM as the mean from three donors. Co-incubation with known OCT1 inhibitors decreased the uptake of ASP+ in the 3D PHH spheroids by 35-52%. The long-term exposure studies showed that OCT1 is relatively stable upon activation of nuclear receptor signalling or exposure to compounds that could induce inflammation, steatosis or liver injury. Our results demonstrate that 3D PHH spheroids express physiologically relevant levels of fully active OCT1 and that its transporter kinetics can be accurately studied in the 3D PHH configuration. We also confirm that OCT1 remains stable and functional during the activation of key metabolic pathways that alter the expression and function of other drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes. These results will expand the range of studies that can be performed using 3D PHH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Meyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Handin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Stüwe
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Rudfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristin Blom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael E Sellin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Karlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Le J, Chen Y, Yang W, Chen L, Ye J. Metabolic basis of solute carrier transporters in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:437-454. [PMID: 38322335 PMCID: PMC10840401 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) constitute the largest superfamily of membrane transporter proteins. These transporters, present in various SLC families, play a vital role in energy metabolism by facilitating the transport of diverse substances, including glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, and ions. They actively participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism at various steps, such as glucose uptake (e.g., SLC2A4/GLUT4), glucose reabsorption (e.g., SLC5A2/SGLT2), thermogenesis (e.g., SLC25A7/UCP-1), and ATP production (e.g., SLC25A4/ANT1 and SLC25A5/ANT2). The activities of these transporters contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Notably, SLC5A2 has emerged as a valid drug target for T2DM due to its role in renal glucose reabsorption, leading to groundbreaking advancements in diabetes drug discovery. Alongside SLC5A2, multiple families of SLC transporters involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis hold potential applications for T2DM therapy. SLCs also impact drug metabolism of diabetic medicines through gene polymorphisms, such as rosiglitazone (SLCO1B1/OATP1B1) and metformin (SLC22A1-3/OCT1-3 and SLC47A1, 2/MATE1, 2). By consolidating insights into the biological activities and clinical relevance of SLC transporters in T2DM, this review offers a comprehensive update on their roles in controlling glucose metabolism as potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Le
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Research Center for Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Armani S, Geier A, Forst T, Merle U, Alpers DH, Lunnon MW. Effect of changes in metabolic enzymes and transporters on drug metabolism in the context of liver disease: Impact on pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38148609 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the pharmacokinetic and resulting pharmacodynamic properties of drugs are common in many chronic liver diseases, leading to adverse effects, drug interactions and increased risk of over- or underdosing of medications. Structural and functional hepatic impairment can have major effects on drug metabolism and transport. This review summarizes research on the functional changes in phase I and II metabolic enzymes and in transport proteins in patients with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, providing a clinical perspective on how these changes affect drug uptake and metabolism. Generally, a decrease in expression and/or activity of many enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family (e.g. CYP2E1 and CYP3A4), and of influx and efflux transporters (e.g. organic anion-transporting polypeptide [OATP]1B1, OATP2B1, OAT2 and bile salt export pump), has been recently documented in patients with liver disease. Decreased enzyme levels often correlate with increased severity of chronic liver disease. In subjects with hepatic impairment, there is potential for strong alterations of drug pharmacokinetics due to reduced absorption, increased volume of distribution, metabolism and extraction. Due to the altered pharmacokinetics, specific drug-drug interactions are also a potential issue to consider in patients with liver disease. Given the huge burden of liver disease in western societies, there is a need to improve awareness among all healthcare professionals and patients with liver disease to ensure appropriate drug prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Armani
- CRS Clinical Research Services, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Forst
- CRS Clinical Research Services, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David H Alpers
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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4
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Reza-López SA, González-Gurrola S, Morales-Morales OO, Moreno-González JG, Rivas-Gómez AM, González-Rodríguez E, Moreno-Brito V, Licón-Trillo A, Leal-Berumen I. Metabolic Biomarkers in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of PPAR-γ2 and PPAR-β/δ Polymorphisms. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1791. [PMID: 38136661 PMCID: PMC10741495 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose and lipid metabolism regulation by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) has been extensively reported. However, the role of their polymorphisms remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the relation between PPAR-γ2 rs1801282 (Pro12Ala) and PPAR-β/δ rs2016520 (+294T/C) polymorphisms and metabolic biomarkers in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 314 patients with T2D. Information on anthropometric, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c and lipid profile measurements was taken from clinical records. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood. End-point PCR was used for PPAR-γ2 rs1801282, while for PPAR-β/δ rs2016520 the PCR product was digested with Bsl-I enzyme. Data were compared with parametric or non-parametric tests. Multivariate models were used to adjust for covariates and interaction effects. RESULTS minor allele frequency was 12.42% for PPAR-γ2 rs1801282-G and 13.85% for PPAR-β/δ rs2016520-C. Both polymorphisms were related to waist circumference; they showed independent effects on HbA1c, while they interacted for FPG; carriers of both PPAR minor alleles had the highest values. Interactions between FPG and polymorphisms were identified in their relation to triglyceride level. CONCLUSIONS PPAR-γ2 rs1801282 and PPAR-β/δ rs2016520 polymorphisms are associated with anthropometric, glucose, and lipid metabolism biomarkers in T2D patients. Further research is required on the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A. Reza-López
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus II. Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31109, CP, Mexico; (S.A.R.-L.); (O.O.M.-M.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.G.-R.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.-T.)
| | - Susana González-Gurrola
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social UMF 33, Avenida Melchor Ocampo y Arroyo de los Perros S/N, Col. El Palomar, Chihuahua 31204, CP, Mexico; (S.G.-G.); or (A.M.R.-G.)
| | - Oscar O. Morales-Morales
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus II. Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31109, CP, Mexico; (S.A.R.-L.); (O.O.M.-M.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.G.-R.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.-T.)
| | - Janette G. Moreno-González
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus II. Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31109, CP, Mexico; (S.A.R.-L.); (O.O.M.-M.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.G.-R.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.-T.)
| | - Ana M. Rivas-Gómez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social UMF 33, Avenida Melchor Ocampo y Arroyo de los Perros S/N, Col. El Palomar, Chihuahua 31204, CP, Mexico; (S.G.-G.); or (A.M.R.-G.)
| | - Everardo González-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus II. Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31109, CP, Mexico; (S.A.R.-L.); (O.O.M.-M.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.G.-R.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.-T.)
| | - Verónica Moreno-Brito
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus II. Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31109, CP, Mexico; (S.A.R.-L.); (O.O.M.-M.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.G.-R.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.-T.)
| | - Angel Licón-Trillo
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus II. Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31109, CP, Mexico; (S.A.R.-L.); (O.O.M.-M.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.G.-R.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.-T.)
| | - Irene Leal-Berumen
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus II. Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31109, CP, Mexico; (S.A.R.-L.); (O.O.M.-M.); (J.G.M.-G.); (E.G.-R.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.-T.)
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Schweighofer N, Strasser M, Obermayer A, Trummer O, Sourij H, Sourij C, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Identification of Novel Intronic SNPs in Transporter Genes Associated with Metformin Side Effects. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1609. [PMID: 37628660 PMCID: PMC10454417 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used and effective medication in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as well as in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to the occurrence of metformin side effects. The aim of the present study was to identify intronic genetic variants modifying the occurrence of metformin side effects and to replicate them in individuals with T2DM and in women with PCOS. We performed Next Generation Sequencing (Illumina Next Seq) of 115 SNPs in a discovery cohort of 120 metformin users and conducted a systematic literature review. Selected SNPs were analysed in two independent cohorts of individuals with either T2DM or PCOS, using 5'-3'exonucleaseassay. A total of 14 SNPs in the organic cation transporters (OCTs) showed associations with side effects in an unadjusted binary logistic regression model, with eight SNPs remaining significantly associated after appropriate adjustment in the discovery cohort. Five SNPs were confirmed in a combined analysis of both replication cohorts but showed different association patterns in subgroup analyses. In an unweighted polygenic risk score (PRS), the risk for metformin side effects increased with the number of risk alleles. Intronic SNPs in the OCT cluster contribute to the development of metformin side effects in individuals with T2DM and in women with PCOS and are therefore of interest for personalized therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schweighofer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (H.S.); barbar (B.O.-P.)
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Moritz Strasser
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (H.S.); barbar (B.O.-P.)
- Department of Health Studies, Institute of Biomedical, FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Obermayer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (H.S.); barbar (B.O.-P.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Olivia Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (H.S.); barbar (B.O.-P.)
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (H.S.); barbar (B.O.-P.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Caren Sourij
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.S.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (H.S.); barbar (B.O.-P.)
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6
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Liu Z, Jia X, Wu P, Wu B, Pan Y, Zhong S, Xiao L, Song Y, Hu J, Zhou K. PMAT variant rs3889348 is associated with metformin-induced gastrointestinal among Chinese Type 2 diabetes patients. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:551-560. [PMID: 37458617 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2023-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study examined intronic gene variants for their association with metformin intolerance in a Chinese population, focusing on the plasma monoamine transporter (PMAT) cis-protein expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) variant rs3889348. Methods: We recruited Type 2 diabetes patients from two hospitals and identified 111 metformin-intolerant patients using a questionnaire, and selected 206 metformin-tolerant patients from 2180 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Genetic testing revealed an association between adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects and SLC22A1 and PMAT. Results: The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs3889348 is associated with metformin-induced adverse GI effects. Each additional copy of the G allele increases the score by 5.23 (95% CI: 1.82-8.64; p = 0.003). Patients taking more transporter inhibitors were more likely to respond to metformin-induced GI intolerance (p = 0.042). Conclusion: PMAT cis-eQTL rs3889348 was significantly associated with metformin-induced adverse GI effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10140, China
| | - Xiao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Benrui Wu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10140, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Pan
- The first people's hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shao Zhong
- The first people's hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Luhua Xiao
- Kunshan community health service center in Bailu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuehong Song
- Kunshan community health service center in Zhenchuan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
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7
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Zeng H, Huang Y, Liu D, Xie T, Chen Z, Huang Q, Zhou X, Lai X, Liu J. Interaction between OCT1 and LPIN1 polymorphisms and response to pioglitazone-metformin tablets in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023:00029330-990000000-00627. [PMID: 37232475 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yanting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei 441099, China
| | - Dengke Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Tianqin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qiulan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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Angenoorth TJF, Maier J, Stankovic S, Bhat S, Sucic S, Freissmuth M, Sitte HH, Yang JW. Rescue of Misfolded Organic Cation Transporter 3 Variants. Cells 2022; 12:39. [PMID: 36611832 PMCID: PMC9818475 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are membrane proteins that take up monoamines, cationic drugs and xenobiotics. We previously reported novel missense mutations of organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3, SLC22A3), some with drastically impacted transport capabilities compared to wildtype. For some variants, this was due to ER retention and subsequent degradation of the misfolded transporter. For other transporter families, it was previously shown that treatment of misfolded variants with pharmacological and chemical chaperones could restore transport function to a certain degree. To investigate two potentially ER-bound, misfolded variants (D340G and R348W), we employed confocal and biochemical analyses. In addition, radiotracer uptake assays were conducted to assess whether pre-treatment with chaperones could restore transporter function. We show that pre-treatment of cells with the chemical chaperone 4-PBA (4-phenyl butyric acid) leads to increased membrane expression of misfolded variants and is associated with increased transport capacity of D340G (8-fold) and R348W (1.5 times) compared to untreated variants. We herein present proof of principle that folding-deficient SLC22 transporter variants, in particular those of OCT3, are amenable to rescue by chaperones. These findings need to be extended to other SLC22 members with corroborated disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. F. Angenoorth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Maier
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stevan Stankovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shreyas Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jae-Won Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Nasykhova YA, Barbitoff YA, Tonyan ZN, Danilova MM, Nevzorov IA, Komandresova TM, Mikhailova AA, Vasilieva TV, Glavnova OB, Yarmolinskaya MI, Sluchanko EI, Glotov AS. Genetic and Phenotypic Factors Affecting Glycemic Response to Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081310. [PMID: 35893047 PMCID: PMC9330240 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent widely used in clinical practice for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The wide interindividual variability of response to metformin therapy was shown, and recently the impact of several genetic variants was reported. To assess the independent and combined effect of the genetic polymorphism on glycemic response to metformin, we performed an association analysis of the variants in ATM, SLC22A1, SLC47A1, and SLC2A2 genes with metformin response in 299 patients with T2DM. Likewise, the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the studied gene variants was analyzed in an extended group of patients with T2DM (n = 464) and a population group (n = 129). According to our results, one variant, rs12208357 in the SLC22A1 gene, had a significant impact on response to metformin in T2DM patients. Carriers of TT genotype and T allele had a lower response to metformin compared to carriers of CC/CT genotypes and C allele (p-value = 0.0246, p-value = 0.0059, respectively). To identify the parameters that had the greatest importance for the prediction of the therapy response to metformin, we next built a set of machine learning models, based on the various combinations of genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The model based on a set of four parameters, including gender, rs12208357 genotype, familial T2DM background, and waist–hip ratio (WHR) showed the highest prediction accuracy for the response to metformin therapy in patients with T2DM (AUC = 0.62 in cross-validation). Further pharmacogenetic studies may aid in the discovery of the fundamental mechanisms of type 2 diabetes, the identification of new drug targets, and finally, it could advance the development of personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Nasykhova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | - Yury A. Barbitoff
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
- St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ziravard N. Tonyan
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | - Maria M. Danilova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | - Ivan A. Nevzorov
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | | | - Anastasiia A. Mikhailova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | | | - Olga B. Glavnova
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | - Maria I. Yarmolinskaya
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
| | | | - Andrey S. Glotov
- D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Y.A.B.); (Z.N.T.); (M.M.D.); (I.A.N.); (A.A.M.); (O.B.G.); (M.I.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9117832003
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10
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Pharmacogenetics of Metformin Transporters Suggests No Association with Therapeutic Inefficacy among Diabetes Type 2 Mexican Patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070774. [PMID: 35890074 PMCID: PMC9318506 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mexico has been under official epidemiological alert due to diabetes since 2016. This study presents new information on the frequency and variants of metformin transporters OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, ABCB1, and CYP2C9 variants as well. It also reports the association with HbA1c control on 103 DMT2 patients. They were genotyped through real-time PCR (TaqMan assays) and grouped according to treatment: metformin and metformin + glibenclamide. Metformin plasmatic levels were determined through mass spectrometry. The analysis of HbA1c showed statistical significance across genotypes in polymorphisms rs72552763 (p = 0.022), rs622342 (p = 0.009), rs1128503 (p = 0.021), and rs2032582 (p = 0.009) within the monotherapy group. Bivariate analysis found no association between any polymorphism and HbA1c control. Two logistic regression models accounted for two diplotypes in OCT1 and ABCB1, including statistically significant covariates. The first model yielded significance in age (p = 0.026), treatment period [p = 0.001], BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.043), and combined therapy (p < 0.001). There was no association with GAT/GAT of rs72552763 or A/A rs622342 in OCT1. The second model yielded significance in age (p = 0.017), treatment period (p = 0.001), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.042), and combined therapy (p < 0.001), finding no association with C/C of rs1128503 or G/G of rs2032582 in ABCB1. Our multinomial logistic regression results may benefit future predictive analyses in diabetic populations.
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11
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Saeedi M, Mehranfar F, Ghorbani F, Eskandari M, Ghorbani M, Babaeizad A. Review of pharmaceutical and therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes and related disorders. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2022; 16:188-213. [PMID: 35088682 DOI: 10.2174/1872208316666220128102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the essential diseases that are increasing in the world is type 2 diabetes (T2D), which many people around the world live with this disease. Various studies have revealed that insulin resistance, lessened insulin production has been associated with T2D, and they also show that this disease can have a genetic origin and is associated with different genes such as KCNQ1, PPAR-γ, calpain-10, ADIPOR2, TCF7L2 that can be utilized as a therapeutic target. Different therapeutic approaches and strategies such as exercise and diet, pharmacological approaches, and utilization of nanoparticles in drug delivery and gene therapy can be effective in the treatment and control of T2D. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) have both been considered as drug classes in the treatment of T2D and T2D-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and renal disease, and have considerable influences such as diminished cardiovascular mortality in individuals with T2D, ameliorate postprandial glycaemia, ameliorate fasting glycaemia, and diminish body weight on disease treatment and improvement process. In the present review article, we have made an attempt to explore the risk factors, Genes, and diseases associated with T2D, therapeutic approaches in T2D, the influences of drugs such as Dapagliflozin, Metformin, Acarbose, Januvia (Sitagliptin), and Ertugliflozin on T2D in clinical trials and animal model studies. Research in clinical trials has promising results that support the role of these drug approaches in T2D prophylaxis and ameliorate safety even though additional clinical research is still obligatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeedi
- Department of Hematology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehranfar
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fateme Ghorbani
- Department of immunology, Semnan university of Medical sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Eskandari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Ghorbani
- Department of Hematology, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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12
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Zepeda-Carrillo EA, Ramos-Lopez O, Martínez-López E, Barrón-Cabrera E, Bernal-Pérez JA, Velasco-González LE, Rangel-Rios E, Bustamante Martínez JF, Torres-Valadez R. Effect of Metformin on Glycemic Control Regarding Carriers of the SLC22A1/OCT1 (rs628031) Polymorphism and Its Interactions with Dietary Micronutrients in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1771-1784. [PMID: 35711690 PMCID: PMC9196279 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s354579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Differences in metformin effect on glycemic control in type 2 Diabetes (T2D) have been associated with diet, obesity, years since T2D diagnosis and genetic factors, such as the Met408Val (rs628031) SLC22A1/OCT1 gene polymorphism. This study aimed to analyze the effect of metformin and diet on glycemic control and its association with the Met408Val polymorphism in patients with T2D from western Mexico. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 240 T2D adult patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Anti-hyperglycemic therapy, dietary intake, body composition and glycemic profile were recorded and the determination of genotypes of SLC22A1/OCT1 gene (rs628031) was performed using an allelic discrimination assay. RESULTS The type of metformin therapy was 47% monotherapy, 45% dual therapy (metformin+glibenclamide or metformin+insulin) and 8% triple therapy (metformin+glibenclamide+insulin). Individuals with metformin monotherapy had a higher glycemic control frequency (%HbA1c <7.0) compared with the dual and triple treatment schemes (77% vs 35% and 15%, respectively; p<0.001). Interestingly, a high potassium intake was documented in the three anti-hyperglycemic therapies and a lower intake of micronutrients, including calcium, magnesium, and zinc. An interaction was found between calcium intake and carriers of the risk allele A (408Val) with %HbA1c (P interaction=0.028), and potassium intake with the TyG index (P interaction=0.027). In addition, there was a positive correlation between calcium intake and %HbA1c (r=0.682; p=0.010), and potassium intake vs TyG index (r=0.593; p=0.033) in risk allele A (408Val) carriers with metformin monotherapy. Genotype frequencies were GG homozygotes (76.6%), GA heterozygotes (21.5%) and AA homozygotes (1.9%). The allele frequency was 87.4% for the ancestral allele G and 12.6% for the risk allele A. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a differing effect of metformin on glycemic control regarding calcium and potassium intake and the Met408Val SLC22A1/OCT1 gene polymorphism in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy A Zepeda-Carrillo
- Specialized Unit in Research, Development and Innovation in Genomic Medicine, Nayarit Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Civil Hospital “Dr. Antonio González Guevara”, Health Services in Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, B.C, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular and Genomic Biology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Elisa Barrón-Cabrera
- Faculty of Nutrition and Gastronomy Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - J Antonio Bernal-Pérez
- Family Medicine Unit No. 24 “Ignacio García Téllez”, Mexican Social Security Institute, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Luisa E Velasco-González
- Family Medicine Unit No. 24 “Ignacio García Téllez”, Mexican Social Security Institute, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Rangel-Rios
- Family Medicine Unit No. 24 “Ignacio García Téllez”, Mexican Social Security Institute, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Torres-Valadez
- Specialized Unit in Research, Development and Innovation in Genomic Medicine, Nayarit Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Integral Health Academic Unit, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Correspondence: Rafael Torres-Valadez, Nayarit Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico, Tel +52-3312523644, Email
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Cahua-Pablo JÁ, Gómez-Zamudio JH, Reséndiz-Abarca CA, Tello-Flores VA, Eulogio-Metodio Y, Ramírez-Vargas MA, Cruz M, Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero L, Matia-García I, Marino-Ortega LA, Zubillaga-Guerrero MI, Flores-Alfaro E. Genetic variants in SLC22A1 are related to serum lipid levels in Mexican women. Lipids 2021; 57:105-114. [PMID: 34927264 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is the main risk factor for coronary artery disease and is characterized by alterations in concentrations of lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triacylglycerols. The participation of several genes in the development of dyslipidemia has been evidenced. Genetic variants in SLC22A1 have been associated with elevated cholesterol and LDL-c levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC22A1 gene with atherogenic risk lipid levels in Mexican women. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed, and four SNPs in SLC22A1 were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was verified, and haplotype frequencies were calculated. We found significant differences between the allele frequencies of the SNPs analyzed with those reported in Mexico and in the world, which could be due to differences in the historical admixture of the women studied. Generalized linear models were evaluated to determine the association between genotypes and haplotypes with lipids levels. We identified a significant increase in total cholesterol and LDL-c levels in women who were carriers of the GA and AG genotypes of the polymorphisms rs628031 and rs594709, respectively, significant effect that is also shown in a dominant inheritance model. Interestingly, we identified an important relationship of the AGC-GAT haplotype with the elevation in LDL-c levels and AGA-GAT haplotype with the elevation in HDL-c levels. On the other hand, we found a strong linkage disequilibrium between the polymorphisms studied. Our results show that variants in the SLC22A1 gene influence serum levels of atherogenic risk lipids, suggesting that these variants probably affect the function of organic cation transporter-1 and therefore, on the regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Cahua-Pablo
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Jaime Héctor Gómez-Zamudio
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Reséndiz-Abarca
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Vianet Argelia Tello-Flores
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Yesica Eulogio-Metodio
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratorio en Citopatología e Histoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Inés Matia-García
- Laboratorio en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Linda Anahí Marino-Ortega
- Laboratorio en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Ma Isabel Zubillaga-Guerrero
- Laboratorio en Citopatología e Histoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
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Venkatachalapathy P, Padhilahouse S, Sellappan M, Subramanian T, Kurian SJ, Miraj SS, Rao M, Raut AA, Kanwar RK, Singh J, Khadanga S, Mondithoka S, Munisamy M. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Implications for Clinical Practice. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1441-1455. [PMID: 34803393 PMCID: PMC8598203 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s329787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes, and is rising in incidence with widespread prevalence. Multiple gene variants are associated with glucose homeostasis, complex T2DM pathogenesis, and its complications. Exploring more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with diabetes is crucial. Pharmacogenomics has made precision medicine possible by allowing for individualized drug therapy based on a patient's genetic and genomic information. T2DM is treated with various classes of oral hypoglycemic agents, such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, DPP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and GLP1 analogues, which exhibit various pharmacogenetic variants. Although genomic interventions in monogenic diabetes have been implemented in clinical practice, they are still in the early stages for complex polygenic disorders, such as T2DM. Precision DM medicine has the potential to be effective in personalized therapy for those suffering from various forms of DM, such as T2DM. With recent developments in genetic techniques, the application of candidate-gene studies, large-scale genotyping investigations, genome-wide association studies, and "multiomics" studies has begun to produce results that may lead to changes in clinical practice. Enhanced knowledge of the genetic architecture of T2DM presents a bigger translational potential. This review summarizes the genetics and pathophysiology of T2DM, candidate-gene approaches, genome-wide association studies, personalized medicine, clinical relevance of pharmacogenetic variants associated with oral hypoglycemic agents, and paths toward personalized diabetology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sruthi Padhilahouse
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohan Sellappan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Shilia Jacob Kurian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sonal Sekhar Miraj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Raut
- Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Kanwar
- Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Khadanga
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sukumar Mondithoka
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Murali Munisamy
- Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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15
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Boyer JL, Soroka CJ. Bile formation and secretion: An update. J Hepatol 2021; 75:190-201. [PMID: 33617926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bile formation is a fundamental physiological process that is vital to the survival of all vertebrates. However, little was known about the mechanisms of this secretion until after World War II. Initial studies involved classic physiologic studies in animal models and humans, which progressed to include studies in isolated cells and membrane vesicles. The advent of molecular biology then led to the identification of specific transport systems that are the determinants of this secretion. Progress in this field was reviewed in the American Physiologic Society's series on "Comprehensive Physiology" in 2013. Herein, we provide an in-depth update of progress since that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lorenzen Boyer
- Department of Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Carol Jean Soroka
- Department of Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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16
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Marta M, Sánchez-Pozos K, Jaimes-Santoyo J, Monroy-Escutia J, Rivera-Santiago C, de Los Ángeles Granados-Silvestre M, Ortiz-López MG. Pharmacogenetic Evaluation of Metformin and Sulphonylurea Response in Mexican Mestizos with Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:291-300. [PMID: 32407269 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200514125443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, approximately 25% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have adequate glycemic control. Polymorphisms in pharmacogenetic genes have been shown to have clinical consequences resulting in drug toxicity or therapeutic inefficacy. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the impact of variants in genes known to be involved in response to oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as CYP2C9, OCT, MATE, ABCA1 and C11orf65, in the Mexican Mestizo population of T2D patients. METHODS In this study, 265 patients with T2D were enrolled from the Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan® assays. SNP-SNP interactions were analyzed using the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. RESULTS Carriers of the del allele of rs72552763 could achieve better glycemic control than noncarriers. There was a significant difference in plasma glucose and HbA1c levels among rs622342 genotypes. The results suggested an SNP-SNP interaction between rs72552763 and rs622342 OCT1 and rs12943590 MATE2. CONCLUSION The interaction between rs72552763 and rs622342 in OCT1, and rs12943590 in MATE2 suggested an important role of these polymorphisms in metformin response in T2D Mexican Mestizo population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menjivar Marta
- Laboratorio de Diabetes, Facultad de Quimica de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Katy Sánchez-Pozos
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Molecular, Research Division, Hospital Juarez de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Joel Jaimes-Santoyo
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Molecular, Research Division, Hospital Juarez de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jazmin Monroy-Escutia
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Molecular, Research Division, Hospital Juarez de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rivera-Santiago
- Laboratorio de Endocrinologia Molecular, Research Division, Hospital Juarez de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
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Wenzel C, Drozdzik M, Oswald S. Organic Cation Transporter 1 an Intestinal Uptake Transporter: Fact or Fiction? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648388. [PMID: 33935750 PMCID: PMC8080103 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal transporter proteins are known to affect the pharmacokinetics and in turn the efficacy and safety of many orally administered drugs in a clinically relevant manner. This knowledge is especially well-established for intestinal ATP-binding cassette transporters such as P-gp and BCRP. In contrast to this, information about intestinal uptake carriers is much more limited although many hydrophilic or ionic drugs are not expected to undergo passive diffusion but probably require specific uptake transporters. A transporter which is controversially discussed with respect to its expression, localization and function in the human intestine is the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1). This review article provides an up-to-date summary on the available data from expression analysis as well as functional studies in vitro, animal findings and clinical observations. The current evidence suggests that OCT1 is expressed in the human intestine in small amounts (on gene and protein levels), while its cellular localization in the apical or basolateral membrane of the enterocytes remains to be finally defined, but functional data point to a secretory function of the transporter at the basolateral membrane. Thus, OCT1 should not be considered as a classical uptake transporter in the intestine but rather as an intestinal elimination pathway for cationic compounds from the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wenzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marek Drozdzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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18
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Uddin ME, Garrison DA, Kim K, Jin Y, Eisenmann ED, Huang KM, Gibson AA, Hu Z, Sparreboom A, Hu S. Influence of YES1 Kinase and Tyrosine Phosphorylation on the Activity of OCT1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644342. [PMID: 33790797 PMCID: PMC8006202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) is a transporter that regulates the hepatic uptake and subsequent elimination of diverse cationic compounds. Although OCT1 has been involved in drug-drug interactions and causes pharmacokinetic variability of many prescription drugs, details of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the activity of OCT1 remain incompletely understood. Based on an unbiased phospho-proteomics screen, we identified OCT1 as a tyrosine-phosphorylated transporter, and functional validation studies using genetic and pharmacological approaches revealed that OCT1 is highly sensitive to small molecules that target the protein kinase YES1, such as dasatinib. In addition, we found that dasatinib can inhibit hepatic OCT1 function in mice as evidenced from its ability to modulate levels of isobutyryl L-carnitine, a hepatic OCT1 biomarker identified from a targeted metabolomics analysis. These findings provide novel insight into the post-translational regulation of OCT1 and suggest that caution is warranted with polypharmacy regimes involving the combined use of OCT1 substrates and kinase inhibitors that target YES1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Erfan Uddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dominique A Garrison
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yan Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Eric D Eisenmann
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin M Huang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alice A Gibson
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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19
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Zhou S, Zeng S, Shu Y. Drug-Drug Interactions at Organic Cation Transporter 1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628705. [PMID: 33679412 PMCID: PMC7925875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between drugs and various transporters is one of the decisive factors that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) is a member of the Solute Carrier 22A (SLC22A) family that plays a vital role in the membrane transport of organic cations including endogenous substances and xenobiotics. This article mainly discusses the drug-drug interactions (DDIs) mediated by OCT1 and their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Sujuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
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20
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Cano L, Soto-Ospina A, Araque P, Caro-Gomez MA, Parra-Marin MV, Bedoya G, Duque C. Diffusion Mechanism Modeling of Metformin in Human Organic Cationic Amino Acid Transporter one and Functional Impact of S189L, R206C, and G401S Mutation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:587590. [PMID: 33658930 PMCID: PMC7917475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin used as a first-line drug to treat Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is transported via organic cation channels to soft tissues. Mutations in the SLC22A1 gene, such as Gly401Ser, Ser189Leu, and Arg206Cys, may affect the drug's therapeutic effect on these patients. This study aims at proposing a potential structural model for drug interactions with the hOCT1 transporter, as well as the impact of these mutations at both topological and electronic structure levels on the channel's surface, from a chemical point of view with, in addition to exploring the frequency distribution. To chemically understand metformin diffusion, we used an open model from the protein model database, with ID PM0080367, viewed through UCSF Chimera. The effect of the mutations was assessed using computational hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics, based on the Austin Model 1 semi-empirical method using Spartan 18' software. The results demonstrate coupling energy for metformin with amino acids F, W, H and Y, because of the interaction between the metformin dication and the electron cloud of π orbitals. The mutations analyzed showed changes in the chemical polarity and topology of the structure. The proposed diffusion model is a possible approach to the interaction mechanism between metformin and its transporter, as well as the impacts of variants, suggesting structural changes in the action of the drug. Metformin efficacy considerably varies from one patient to another; this may be largely attributed to the presence of mutations on the SLC22A1 gene. This study aims at proposing a potential structural model for metformin-hOCT1 (SLC22A1) transporter interaction, as well as the identification of the effect of mutations G401S (rs34130495), S189L (rs34104736), and R206C (616C > T) of the SLC22A1 gene at the topological and electronic structure levels on the channel surfaces, from a chemical viewpoint. Our results demonstrated that the coupling energies for metformin with aromatic amino acids F, W, H and Y, because of the interaction between the metformin dication and the electron cloud of π orbitals. Changes in the chemical environment's polarity and the structure's topology were reported in the mutations assessed. The diffusion model proposed is a potential approach for the mechanism of interaction of metformin with its transporter and the effects of variants on the efficacy of the drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The assessment of the frequency of these mutations in a sample of Colombian type 2 diabetes patients suggests that different SLC22A1 gene variants might be involved in reduced OCT1 activity in the Colombian population since none of these mutations were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leydy Cano
- Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Pedronel Araque
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Colombia
- Cecoltec, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Constanza Duque
- Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
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21
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Masilela C, Pearce B, Ongole JJ, Adeniyi OV, Benjeddou M. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Metformin and Sulphonylureas' Glycaemic Response among South African Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020104. [PMID: 33561991 PMCID: PMC7914534 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To examine the association of polymorphisms belonging to SLC22A1, SP1, PRPF31, NBEA, SCNN1B, CPA6 and CAPN10 genes with glycaemic response to metformin and sulphonylureas (SU) combination therapy among South African adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Methods: A total of 128 individuals of Swati (n = 22) and Zulu (n = 106) origin attending chronic care for T2DM were recruited. Nine SNPs previously associated with metformin and SUs were selected and genotyped using MassArray. Uncontrolled T2DM was defined as HbA1c > 7%. The association between genotypes, alleles and glycaemic response to treatment was determined using multivariate logistic regression model analysis. Results: About 85.93% (n = 110) of the study participants were female and 77.34% (n = 99) had uncontrolled T2DM (HbA1c > 7%). In the multivariate (adjusted) logistic regression model analysis, the CC genotype of rs2162145 (CPA6), GG and GA genotypes of rs889299 (SCNN1B) were significantly associated with uncontrolled T2DM. On the other hand, the C allele of rs254271 (PRPF31) and the GA genotype of rs3792269 (CAPN10) were associated with controlled T2DM. A significant interaction between rs2162145 and rs889299 in response to metformin and SU combination therapy was observed. Conclusions: In this study, we reported the association of rs2162145 (CC) and rs889299 (GG and GA) with uncontrolled T2DM. We also reported the association of rs254271 (C) and rs3792269 (GA) with controlled T2DM in response to metformin and SU combination therapy. Furthermore, an interaction between rs2162145 and rs889299 was established, where the genotype combination GA (rs889299) and TT (rs2162145) was associated with uncontrolled T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Masilela
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (B.P.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Brendon Pearce
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (B.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Joven Jebio Ongole
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Department of Family Medicine, Piet Retief Hospital, Mkhondo 2380, South Africa;
| | | | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (B.P.); (M.B.)
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22
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Drzewoski J, Hanefeld M. The Current and Potential Therapeutic Use of Metformin-The Good Old Drug. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:122. [PMID: 33562458 PMCID: PMC7915435 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, one of the oldest oral antidiabetic agents and still recommended by almost all current guidelines as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has become the medication with steadily increasing potential therapeutic indications. A broad spectrum of experimental and clinical studies showed that metformin has a pleiotropic activity and favorable effect in different pathological conditions, including prediabetes, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Moreover, there are numerous studies, meta-analyses and population studies indicating that metformin is safe and well tolerated and may be associated with cardioprotective and nephroprotective effect. Recently, it has also been reported in some studies, but not all, that metformin, besides improvement of glucose homeostasis, may possibly reduce the risk of cancer development, inhibit the incidence of neurodegenerative disease and prolong the lifespan. This paper presents some arguments supporting the initiation of metformin in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, especially those without cardiovascular risk factors or without established cardiovascular disease or advanced kidney insufficiency at the time of new guidelines favoring new drugs with pleotropic effects complimentary to glucose control. Moreover, it focuses on the potential beneficial effects of metformin in patients with T2DM and coexisting chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Markolf Hanefeld
- Medical Clinic III, Department of Medicine Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
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23
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Shpakov AO. Improvement Effect of Metformin on Female and Male Reproduction in Endocrine Pathologies and Its Mechanisms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010042. [PMID: 33429918 PMCID: PMC7826885 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MF), a first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), alone and in combination with other drugs, restores the ovarian function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and improves fetal development, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and T2DM. MF treatment is demonstrated to improve the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and is considered a supplementary drug in assisted reproductive technologies. MF administration shows positive effect on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in men with metabolic disorders, thus MF treatment indicates prospective use for improvement of male reproductive functions and fertility. MF lacks teratogenic effects and has positive health effect in newborns. The review is focused on use of MF therapy for restoration of female and male reproductive functions and improvement of pregnancy outcomes in metabolic and endocrine disorders. The mechanisms of MF action are discussed, including normalization of metabolic and hormonal status in PCOS, GDM, T2DM and metabolic syndrome and restoration of functional activity and hormonal regulation of the gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Shpakov
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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24
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Maier J, Niello M, Rudin D, Daws LC, Sitte HH. The Interaction of Organic Cation Transporters 1-3 and PMAT with Psychoactive Substances. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 266:199-214. [PMID: 33993413 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic cation transporters 1-3 (OCT1-3, SLC22A1-3) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT, SLC29A4) play a major role in maintaining monoaminergic equilibrium in the central nervous system. With many psychoactive substances interacting with OCT1-3 and PMAT, a growing literature focuses on characterizing their properties via in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies mainly aim at characterizing compounds as inhibitors or substrates of murine, rat, and human isoforms. The preponderance of studies has put emphasis on phenylalkylamine derivatives, but ketamine and opioids have also been investigated. Studies employing in vivo (knockout) models mostly concentrate on the interaction of psychoactive substances and OCT3, with an emphasis on stress and addiction, pharmacokinetics, and sensitization to psychoactive drugs. The results highlight the importance of OCT3 in the mechanism of action of psychoactive compounds. Concerning in vivo studies, a veritable research gap concerning OCT1, 2, and PMAT exists. This review provides an overview and summary of research conducted in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Maier
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Niello
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deborah Rudin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lynette C Daws
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Mathuba B, Koromina M, Mitropoulou C, Patrinos GP. Catalyzing clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine interventions in Africa. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 22:115-122. [PMID: 33353428 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is considered to be the low-hanging fruit in the tree of genomic medicine with numerous examples of its successful implementation in the clinic. In this perspective, we provide details about the potential clinical application of pharmacogenomics in African populations by using relevant drug cases and high-throughput genomics approaches; involving numerous countries and stakeholders; and most importantly exploiting the existing knowledge of respective large-scale initiatives. We emphasize on the necessity of constructing appropriate frameworks for government policies in African countries. We also provide input about different initiatives in the field of genomics medicine implementation in Africa, not only for their potential for synergy and collaboration among them, but also as models for replication in other regions worldwide, aiming for healthcare improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bathusi Mathuba
- Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Maria Koromina
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, 26503, Greece
| | | | - George P Patrinos
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, 26503, Greece.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.,Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
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26
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Sendur SN, Yildiz BO. Influence of ethnicity on different aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 42:799-818. [PMID: 33487557 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to assess variations in the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) belonging to different ethnicities. A search was performed for studies comparing various clinical aspects of PCOS in two or more different ethnic groups. After screening 2264 studies, 35 articles were included in the final analysis. In comparison with White women with PCOS (wPCOS), East Asian women with PCOS (eaPCOS) were less hirsute, whereas Hispanic women with PCOS (hPCOS), South Asian women with PCOS (saPCOS) and Middle Eastern women with PCOS (mePCOS) were more hirsute. saPCOS had higher androgen and lower sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations, mePCOS had higher DHEAS concentrations, and hPCOS and Black women with PCOS (bPCOS) had lower SHBG and DHEAS measures than wPCOS. Menstrual disturbances were more frequent in eaPCOS. Both saPCOS and eaPCOS had lower body mass index with increased central adiposity. hPCOS and bPCOS were more obese. saPCOS, mePCOS, hPCOS and bPCOS had a higher prevalence of insulin resistance than wPCOS. bPCOS had a better lipid profile but higher blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. Indigenous Australian women with PCOS were more obese and more insulin resistant with higher androgen concentrations. The clinical phenotype of PCOS therefore shows a wide variation depending on ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman N Sendur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent O Yildiz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe Ankara, Turkey.
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27
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Nasykhova YA, Tonyan ZN, Mikhailova AA, Danilova MM, Glotov AS. Pharmacogenetics of Type 2 Diabetes-Progress and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186842. [PMID: 32961860 PMCID: PMC7555942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from insulin resistance and progressively reduced insulin secretion, which leads to impaired glucose utilization, dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia and progressive pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide and nowadays T2D already became a global epidemic. The well-known interindividual variability of T2D drug actions such as biguanides, sulfonylureas/meglitinides, DPP-4 inhibitors/GLP1R agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors may be caused, among other things, by genetic factors. Pharmacogenetic findings may aid in identifying new drug targets and obtaining in-depth knowledge of the causes of disease and its physiological processes, thereby, providing an opportunity to elaborate an algorithm for tailor or precision treatment. The aim of this article is to summarize recent progress and discoveries for T2D pharmacogenetics and to discuss the factors which limit the furthering accumulation of genetic variability knowledge in patient response to therapy that will allow improvement the personalized treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Nasykhova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ziravard N. Tonyan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Anastasiia A. Mikhailova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria M. Danilova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Andrey S. Glotov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (Y.A.N.); (Z.N.T.); (A.A.M.); (M.M.D.)
- Laboratory of Biobanking and Genomic Medicine, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9117832003
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28
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Zazuli Z, Duin NJCB, Jansen K, Vijverberg SJH, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Masereeuw R. The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms in Organic Cation Transporters on Renal Drug Disposition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186627. [PMID: 32927790 PMCID: PMC7554776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of drugs and/or their metabolites are excreted by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and active renal tubule secretion via transporter proteins. Uptake transporters in the proximal tubule are part of the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, and include the organic cation transporters (OCTs). Several studies have shown that specific genetic polymorphisms in OCTs alter drug disposition and may lead to nephrotoxicity. Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported for the OCT genes (SLC22A1, SLC22A2 and SLC22A3), which can influence the proteins’ structure and expression levels and affect their transport function. A gain-in-function mutation may lead to accumulation of drugs in renal proximal tubule cells, eventually leading to nephrotoxicity. This review illustrates the impact of genetic polymorphisms in OCTs on renal drug disposition and kidney injury, the clinical significances and how to personalize therapies to minimize the risk of drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfan Zazuli
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.J.H.V.); (A.H.M.-v.d.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology-Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (R.M.)
| | - Naut J. C. B. Duin
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.J.C.B.D.); (K.J.)
| | - Katja Jansen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.J.C.B.D.); (K.J.)
| | - Susanne J. H. Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.J.H.V.); (A.H.M.-v.d.Z.)
| | - Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.J.H.V.); (A.H.M.-v.d.Z.)
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.J.C.B.D.); (K.J.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (R.M.)
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29
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Significance of Metformin Use in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124239. [PMID: 32545901 PMCID: PMC7352798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a glucose-lowering agent that is used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Based on its various pharmacologic actions, the renoprotective effects of metformin have been extensively studied. A series of experimental studies demonstrated that metformin attenuates diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by suppressing renal inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. In clinical studies, metformin use has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of mortality, cardiovascular disease and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in T2D patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, metformin should be administered with caution to patients with CKD because it may increase the risk of lactic acidosis. In this review article, we summarize our current understanding of the safety and efficacy of metformin for DKD.
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30
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Clement Y, Singh S, Motilal S, Maharaj R, Nunez-Smith M. A Protocol for the Study of Polymorphisms and Response to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Trinidad. Ethn Dis 2020; 30:211-216. [PMID: 32269463 DOI: 10.18865/ed.30.s1.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin is the drug of first choice in people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Most patients respond to metformin monotherapy, but many others remain uncontrolled even at maximal doses. Although non-adherence is a major contributor to non-response, genetic polymorphisms of organic cation transporters play an important role in clinical response. We hypothesize that genetic variants are partly responsible for non-response. Objective This study aims to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; ATM rs11212617, SLC22A1 rs594709 and SLC47A1 rs2289669) most commonly associated with failure to respond to metformin. Setting Ten primary health care facilities in the North Central Regional Health Authority region of Trinidad. Patients The study population will include 216 patients with diabetes adherent to metformin monotherapy for at least three months. Methods Following a 12-hour overnight fast, blood samples will be taken to measure fasting insulin and HbA1c. DNA would be isolated and PCR will be used to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of these three SNPs in adherent diabetic patients. DNA samples will be stored for future sequencing of these three genes to determine whether other, possibly novel, mutations are associated with poor metformin response in Trinidad. Clinical Significance This study will highlight the prevalence of these polymorphisms in our population. Should an association be found between the polymorphisms tested and glycemic control in adherent patients on metformin monotherapy, this will have implications for further research on medication initiation in newly diagnosed patients with diabetes in Trinidad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Clement
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Shamjeet Singh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Shastri Motilal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Rohan Maharaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Altall RM, Qusti SY, Filimban N, Alhozali AM, Alotaibi NA, Dallol A, Chaudhary AG, Bakhashab S. SLC22A1 And ATM Genes Polymorphisms Are Associated With The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Western Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2019; 12:213-219. [PMID: 31814751 PMCID: PMC6863135 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s229952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health problem that is progressively affected by genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of solute carrier family 22 member 1 (SLC22A1) rs628031 and rs461473, and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) rs11212617 polymorphisms on the risk of T2DM in Saudi Arabia by considering many parameters associated with glycemic control of T2DM, such as body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and triglyceride. Methods In a case-control study, genomic DNA from controls and diabetic groups was isolated and genotyped for each single-nucleotide polymorphism. Results There were significant correlations between T2DM and both BMI and HbA1c. Significant associations between G/G and A/G genotypes of rs628031 and rs461473 variants of SLC22A1 and high levels of HbA1c were detected. Therefore, G was predicted to be the risk allele among the assessed SLC22A1 variants. A significant correlation was observed between A/A and A/C genotypes of the rs11212617 polymorphism of ATM and elevated HbA1c. Relative risk calculation confirmed A to be the risk allele in the T2DM population. Conclusion Our study showed the risk of the assessed SLC22A1 and ATM variants on glycemic control parameters in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Altall
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa Y Qusti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Filimban
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M Alhozali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A Alotaibi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Wang ZZ, Zhang YF, Huang WC, Wang XP, Ni XJ, Lu HY, Hu JQ, Deng SH, Zhu XQ, Xie HS, Chen HZ, Zhang M, Qiu C, Wen YG, Shang DW. Effects of Comedication and Genetic Factors on the Population Pharmacokinetics of Lamotrigine: A Prospective Analysis in Chinese Patients With Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:832. [PMID: 31404235 PMCID: PMC6669232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamotrigine (LTG) is a second-generation anti-epileptic drug widely used for focal and generalized seizures in adults and children, and as a first-line medication in pregnant women and women of childbearing age. However, LTG pharmacokinetics shows high inter-individual variability, thus potentially leading to therapeutic failure or side effects in patients. This prospective study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetics model for LTG in Chinese patients with epilepsy and to investigate the effects of genetic variants in uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4, UGT2B7, MDR1, ABCG2, ABCC2, and SLC22A1, as well as non-genetic factors, on LTG pharmacokinetics. The study population consisted of 89 patients with epilepsy, with 419 concentrations of LTG. A nonlinear mixed effects model was implemented in NONMEM software. A one-compartment model with first-order input and first-order elimination was found to adequately characterize LTG concentration. The population estimates of the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) and apparent clearance (CL/F) were 12.7 L and 1.12 L/h, respectively. The use of valproic acid decreased CL/F by 38.5%, whereas the co-administration of rifampicin caused an increase in CL/F of 64.7%. The CL/F decreased by 52.5% in SLC22A1-1222AA carriers. Patients with the ABCG2-34AA genotype had a 42.0% decrease in V/F, whereas patients with the MDR1-2677TT and C3435TT genotypes had a 136% increase in V/F. No obvious genetic effect of UGT enzymes was found relative to the concentrations of LTG in Chinese patients. Recommended dose regimens for patients with different gene polymorphisms and comedications were estimated on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations and the established model. These findings should be valuable for developing individualized dosage regimens in adult and adolescent Chinese patients 13–65 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Zhang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Can Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Bureau of Civil Affairs Psychiatric Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Pei Wang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Province People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Yang Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Qing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Hua Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Shan Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Guan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Wei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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Yue Z, Zhang L, Li C, Chen Y, Tai Y, Shen Y, Sun Z. Advances and potential of gene therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1643783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Yue
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, PR China
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, PR China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, PR China
| | - Yanjuan Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, PR China
| | - Yaping Tai
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, PR China
| | - Yihao Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, PR China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, PR China
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, PR China
- Department of Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Cai H, Everett RS, Thakker DR. Efficacious dose of metformin for breast cancer therapy is determined by cation transporter expression in tumours. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2724-2735. [PMID: 31032880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been extensively reported that the leading anti-diabetic drug, metformin, exerts significant anticancer effects. This hydrophilic, cationic drug requires cation transporters for cellular entry where it activates its intracellular target, the AMPK signalling pathway. However, clinical results on metformin therapy (used at antidiabetic doses) for breast cancer are ambiguous. It is likely that the antidiabetic dose is inadequate in patients that have breast tumours with low cation transporter expression, resulting in non-responsiveness to the drug. We postulate that cation transporter expression and metformin dose are key determinants in its antitumour efficacy in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antitumour efficacy of metformin was compared between low cation transporter-expressing MCF-7 breast tumours and MCF-7 tumours overexpressing organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3-MCF7). A dose-response relationship of metformin in combination with standard-of-care paclitaxel (for oestrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast tumours) or carboplatin (for triple-negative MDA-MB-468 breast tumours) was investigated in xenograft mice. KEY RESULTS Metformin had greater efficacy against tumours with higher cation transporter expression, as observed in OCT3-MCF7 versus MCF-7 tumours and MDA-MB-468 versus MCF-7 tumours. In MCF-7 tumours, a threefold higher metformin dose was required to achieve intratumoural exposure that was comparable to exposure in MDA-MB-468 tumours and enhance antitumour efficacy of standard-of-care in MCF-7 tumours versus MDA-MB-468 tumours. Antitumour efficacy correlated with intratumoural AMPK activation and metformin concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS An efficacious metformin dose for breast cancer varies among tumour subtypes based on cation transporter expression, which provides a useful guide for dose selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ruth S Everett
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dhiren R Thakker
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Vallianou NG, Stratigou T, Tsagarakis S. Metformin and gut microbiota: their interactions and their impact on diabetes. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:141-144. [PMID: 30719628 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ratio of human to bacterial cells in the human body (microbiota) is around 1:1. As a result of co-evolution of the host mucosal immune system and the microbiota, both have developed multiple mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. However, dissociations between the composition of the gut microbiota and the human host may play a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Metformin, the most frequently administered medication to treat patients with type 2 diabetes, has only recently been suggested to alter gut microbiota composition through the increase in mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila, as well as several SCFA-producing (short-chain fatty acid) microbiota. The gut microbiota of participants on metformin has exerted alterations in gut metabolomics with increased ability to produce butyrate and propionate, substances involved in glucose homeostasis. Thus, metformin appears to affect the microbiome, and an individual's metformin tolerance or intolerance may be influenced by their microbiome. In this review, we will focus on the effects of metformin in gut microbiota among patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G Vallianou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Tsagarakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou str, Athens, Greece
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Green CJ, Marjot T, Tomlinson JW, Hodson L. Of mice and men: Is there a future for metformin in the treatment of hepatic steatosis? Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:749-760. [PMID: 30456918 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases, of which the first stage is steatosis. It is one of the most common liver diseases in developed countries and there is a clear association between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and NAFLD. It is estimated that 70% of people with T2DM have NAFLD and yet there is currently no licensed pharmacological agent to treat it. Whilst lifestyle modification may ameliorate liver fat, it is often difficult to achieve or sustain; thus, there is great interest in pharmacological treatments for NAFLD. Metformin is the first-line medication in the management of T2DM and evidence from animal and human studies has suggested that it may be useful in reducing liver fat via inhibition of lipogenesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. Findings from the majority of studies undertaken in rodent models clearly suggest that metformin may be a powerful therapeutic agent specifically to reduce liver fat accumulation; data from human studies are less convincing. In the present review we discuss the evidence for the specific effects of metformin treatment on liver fat accumulation in animal and human studies, as well as the underlying proposed mechanisms, to try and understand and reconcile the difference in findings between rodent and human work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Green
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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37
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Piskovatska V, Stefanyshyn N, Storey KB, Vaiserman AM, Lushchak O. Metformin as a geroprotector: experimental and clinical evidence. Biogerontology 2018; 20:33-48. [PMID: 30255224 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apart from being a safe, effective and globally affordable glucose-lowering agent for the treatment of diabetes, metformin has earned much credit in recent years as a potential anti-aging formula. It has been shown to significantly increase lifespan and delay the onset of age-associated decline in several experimental models. The current review summarizes advances in clinical research on the potential role of metformin in the field of geroprotection, highlighting findings from pre-clinical studies on known and putative mechanisms behind its beneficial properties. A growing body of evidence from clinical trials demonstrates that metformin can effectively reduce the risk of many age-related diseases and conditions, including cardiometabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, cancer, chronic inflammation, and frailty. Metformin also holds promise as a drug that could be repurposed for chemoprevention or adjuvant therapy for certain cancer types. Moreover, due to the ability of metformin to induce autophagy by activation of AMPK, it is regarded as a potential hormesis-inducing agent with healthspan-promoting and pro-longevity properties. Long-term intake of metformin is associated with low risk of adverse events; however, well-designed clinical trials are still warranted to enable potential use of this therapeutic agent as a geroprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Piskovatska
- Clinic for Heart Surgery, University Clinic of the Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Nadiya Stefanyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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