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Efe MM, Akyüz A, Aydın C, Demirkıran A, Alpsoy Ş. Endocan may predict the presence of coronary slow flow and coronary artery disease. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20240515. [PMID: 39230149 PMCID: PMC11370739 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20240515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequent, but coronary slow flow (CSF) is a less common cardiovascular disease with a significant risk of mortality and morbidity. Endocan is a proinflammatory glycopeptide that has been investigated in cardiovascular diseases as well as some inflammatory diseases in recent years. We planned to compare the levels of endocan in both CAD and CSF in a similar population and examine the relationship of endocan with additional clinical variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the trial, we included 169 consecutive subjects having a coronary angiography indication. According to the results of coronary angiography, 58 people were included in the CAD group, 52 were in the CSF group, and 59 people were in the control group. The control group includes those who did not have any lesions in their epicardial coronary arteries. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)-frame counts (TFC) were calculated for all patients. RESULTS Notably, 2.6% of the population in our study had CSF. Both the CAD (555±223 pg/mL) and CSF (559±234 pg/mL) groups had higher endocan levels than the control group (331±252 pg/mL) (p<0.001). There were similar endocan levels between the CAD and CSF groups. Endocan levels were shown to be favorably associated with mean TFC (r=0.267; p0.001). Serum endocan levels (particularly those above 450 pg/mL) and the presence of hyperlipidemia were the most important predictors of both CAD and CSF. CONCLUSION Endocan levels are higher in CAD and CSF patients than in those with normal coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Mucip Efe
- Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology – Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Aydın Akyüz
- Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology – Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Cihan Aydın
- Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology – Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Aykut Demirkıran
- Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology – Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Şeref Alpsoy
- Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology – Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Hassanpour M, Rahbarghazi R, Rezabakhsh A, Khodavirdilou R, Darbin A, Zolali E, Safaei N. Relationship between angiogenesis biomarker endocan and apolipoproteins in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Future Cardiol 2024; 20:555-561. [PMID: 38967435 PMCID: PMC11486116 DOI: 10.1080/14796678.2024.2365552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In the current study, serum levels of endocan in patients attended with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, as well as the possible correlation with apolipoprotein-A1 (APO-A1) and APO-B were investigated.Materials & methods: In 80 men, endocan, cTnI, APO-A1, and APO-B levels were measured. Finally, the correlation of endocan with APO-A1, APO-B, and APO-B/ APO-A1 ratio was assessed.Results: Significant changes in APO-A1, APO-B, endocan levels, and APO-B/APO-A1 ratio were found in acute myocardial infarction cases compared with the control arm (p < 0.05). In addition, our finding showed a significant correlation between APO-B and endocan levels, but not APO-A.Conclusion: High endocan level is an independent indicator of endothelial dysfunction and ischemic cardiovascular conditions, which could be related to APO-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Shonan Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Science, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rasa Khodavirdilou
- Woman’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Darbin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Zolali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Safaei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shahid Madani Heart Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Behnoush AH, Khalaji A, Amirkhani N, Pezeshki PS. Diagnostic Role of Circulating Endocan Levels in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Angiology 2024; 75:505-516. [PMID: 37290048 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231183087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endocan, as an endothelial cell damage marker, plays role in several cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the role of endocan as a potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). International databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies assessing endocan levels in OSA patients compared with healthy controls or within different severities or comorbidities of OSA. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed in order to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of serum/plasma endocan in all comparisons. A total of 10 studies were included in our systematic review, among which seven were used in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that endocan levels were significantly higher in patients with OSA compared with healthy controls (SMD 1.29, 95% CI 0.64-1.93, P < .001) and this was not different between serum and plasma subgroups. However, there was no statistical difference between severe and non-severe OSA patients (SMD .64, 95% CI -.22 to 1.50, P = .147). Considerably, higher endocan levels in patients with OSA in comparison with non-OSA individuals might have clinical implications. This association warrants further research due to its potential use as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikan Amirkhani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rezaei M, Soltani M, Alipoor E, Rezayat SM, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Yaseri M, Firouzi A, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. Effect of nano-curcumin supplementation on angina status, and traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:73. [PMID: 38741194 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular events and poor quality of life are frequently observed in patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). This trial evaluated the effect of nano-curcumin supplement containing curcuminoids, as multifunctional nutraceuticals, on angina status, and some traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese patients with CSFP. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 42 overweight or obese patients with CSFP received either 80 mg/day of nano-curcumin or placebo for 12 weeks. Seattle angina questionnaire (SAQ) as a clinical measure of angina status, circulating endocan, adropin, homocysteine, lipid profile, and the novel scores of visceral adiposity index (VAI) and waist-triglyceride index (WTI) were assessed before and after the intervention. The independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney test, analysis of covariance, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used where appropriate. RESULTS All domains of SAQ including physical limitation, angina stability, angina frequency-severity, treatment satisfaction, and disease perception and quality of life improved significantly in the nano-curcumin compared with the placebo group. No significant changes were observed in serum endocan, adropin, and homocysteine following the intervention. Triglycerides, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, WTI and VAI values improved significantly only within the nano-curcumin group. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with 80 mg/day nano-curcumin (containing curcuminoids) for 12 weeks significantly improved clinically important disease-specific aspects of health in patients with CSFP. Some traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors improved significantly only compared with the baseline values, which need further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1398.794). The study protocol was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials by IRCT20131125015536N8 registration ID at 19.06.2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Soltani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Alipoor
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Vasheghani-Farahani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Firouzi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hirooka Y. How can endocan be used as a specific biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension? Hypertens Res 2024; 47:794-795. [PMID: 38114652 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hirooka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Medicine, Okawa City, Fukuoka, Japan.
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El Zayat RS, Hassan FM, Aboelkhair NT, Abdelhakeem WF, Abo Hola AS. Serum endocan, asymmetric dimethylarginine and lipid profile in children with familial Mediterranean fever. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03093-8. [PMID: 38396131 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and it is thought that subclinical inflammation persists even when there are no attacks, eventually causing endothelial dysfunction (ED) and atherosclerosis. Limited data are available about serum endocan, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and lipid profile in children with FMF, so we aimed to evaluate these markers in children with FMF during the attack-free period. METHODS A total of 50 patients diagnosed with FMF and 50 age and sex-matched healthy children were recruited. Serum endocan, ADMA and lipid profiles were measured. Also, atherogenic indices (Castelli's risk indices I and II [CRI I and II], atherogenic index of plasma [AIP] and atherogenic coefficient [AC]) were calculated. RESULTS Serum endocan, ADMA levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, CRI II and AIP of the FMF patients were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.001). Unlike serum endocan, serum ADMA showed a positive significant correlation with total cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, CRI I, AIP and AC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.028, p = 0.004 respectively). CONCLUSION Serum ADMA and lipid profile might be used as potential markers for endothelial dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in FMF patients. IMPACT Theoretically, serum ADMA may affect lipid profiles and serum endocan represents an intriguing biomarker related to inflammation. Coexistence of dyslipidemia represents an additional risk factor that contributes to the onset of early atherosclerosis. A few studies investigated the role of changes in lipid profile and lipid ratios in accelerated atherosclerosis pathogenesis in FMF patients. The relationship between colchicine and lipid profile is contradictory. Although colchicine can cause dyslipidemia, it also has anti-atherosclerosis effects. Elevated ADMA level and atherogenic indices in FMF children reflect their potential role in the early detection of cardiovascular affection in FMF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania S El Zayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Fahima M Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Noran T Aboelkhair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S Abo Hola
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
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Khalaji A, Amirkhani N, Sharifkashani S, Peiman S, Behnoush AH. Systematic Review of Endocan as a Potential Biomarker of COVID-19. Angiology 2024; 75:107-115. [PMID: 36680504 PMCID: PMC9895317 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231152941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several biomarkers have been proposed to assess the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. The present systematic review evaluated endocan (a marker of endothelial cell damage) as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for COVID-19. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies comparing circulating endocan levels between COVID-19 cases and controls, and/or different severities/complications of COVID-19. Eight studies (686 individuals) were included, from which four reported significantly higher levels of endocan in COVID-19 cases compared with healthy controls. More severe disease was also associated with higher endocan levels in some of the studies. Studies reported higher endocan levels in patients who died from COVID-19, were admitted to an intensive care unit, and had COVID-19-related complications. Endocan also acted as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker with different cut-offs. In conclusion, endocan could be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for COVID-19. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to evaluate this role of endocan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmohammad Khalaji
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research
Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikan Amirkhani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheil Peiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, AdventHealth Orlando
Hospital, FL, USA
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research
Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zakharyan EA, Gritskevich OY, Ibragimova RE, Grigoriev PE. Correlation of Serum Endocan Level With Apoptosis Indicators and Severity of Atherosclerotic Lesions of Coronary Arteries in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. KARDIOLOGIIA 2023; 63:12-20. [PMID: 38088108 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2023.11.n2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim To study the relationship of blood serum concentration of endocan with indexes of apoptosis and clinical and instrumental characteristics of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).Material and methods The study included 176 subjects (105 men and 71 women). 150 of them were diagnosed with IHD and 26 were healthy volunteers. Anthropometric measurements, coronary angiography, echocardiography, duplex ultrasound scanning of extracranial parts of the brachiocephalic arteries were performed for all patients. Concentrations of endocan (ng / ml), glucose (mmol / l), and apoptotic markers Bcl-2 (ng / ml), Bax (ng / ml), Bcl-2 / Bax, TRAIL (pg / ml), and p53 (ng / ml) were measured in blood serum. Patients were divided into groups based on their SYNTAX scores: group 1 with moderate atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries (CA) (score < 22, 78 patients); group 2 with severe CA atherosclerosis (score 23-32, 37 patients); and group 3 with extremely severe CA lesions (score >33, 35 patients). The control group consisted of healthy volunteers (26 subjects). All groups were age- and sex-matched. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.Results A correlation was found between endocan concentration and IHD severity (r=0.32, p<0.001). In group 1, the median endocan concentration was 14.57 ng / ml [8.21; 23.66], in group 2, 19.34 ng / ml [8.425; 26.645], in group 3, 32.13 ng / ml [18.2; 39.12], and in the control group, 6.92 ng / ml [4.62; 9.18]. Correlations of varying strength and significance were observed between the endocan concentration and a number of clinical and instrumental characteristics. Endocan concentrations significantly differed in groups of patients with multifocal atherosclerosis (p<0.01), angina pectoris (p<0.01), a history of myocardial infarction (p<0.001), and obesity (p<0.05) from patients without these signs. Also, a correlation was found between serum endocan concentration and apoptotic markers: TRAIL (r= -0.448, p<0.001); BCL-2 (r= -0.552, p<0.001), Bax (r= -0.519, p<0.001), Bcl-2 / Bax (r= -0.576, p<0.001) and p53 (r= -0.520, p <0.001).Conclusion The study demonstrated a potential role of endocan as a promising biomarker for risk stratification, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of IHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Zakharyan
- Georgievsky Medical Institute, Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
| | - O Yu Gritskevich
- Georgievsky Medical Institute, Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
| | | | - P E Grigoriev
- Sevastopol State University; Sechenov Academic Research Institute of Physical Methods of Treatment, Medical Climatology, and Rehabilitation
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Kologrivova IV, Suslova TE, Koshelskaya OA, Kravchenko ES, Kharitonova OA, Romanova EA, Vyrostkova AI, Boshchenko AA. Intermediate Monocytes and Circulating Endothelial Cells: Interplay with Severity of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2911. [PMID: 38001912 PMCID: PMC10669450 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the association of monocyte heterogeneity and presence of circulating endothelial cells with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We recruited 62 patients with CAD, including 22 patients with DM2. The severity of atherosclerosis was evaluated using Gensini Score. Numbers of classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) monocyte subsets; circulating endothelial progenitor cells; and the presence of circulating endothelial cells were evaluated. Counts and frequencies of intermediate monocytes, but not glycaemia parameters, were associated with the severity of atherosclerosis in diabetic CAD patients (rs = 0.689; p = 0.001 and rs = 0.632; p = 0.002, respectively). Frequency of Tie2+ cells was lower in classical than in non-classical monocytes in CAD patients (p = 0.007), while in patients with association of CAD and T2DM, differences between Tie2+ monocytes subsets disappeared (p = 0.080). Circulating endothelial cells were determined in 100% of CAD+T2DM patients, and counts of CD14++CD16+ monocytes and concentration of TGF-β predicted the presence of circulating endothelial cells (sensitivity 92.3%; specificity 90.9%; AUC = 0.930). Thus, intermediate monocytes represent one of the key determinants of the appearance of circulating endothelial cells in all the patients with CAD, but are associated with the severity of atherosclerosis only in patients with association of CAD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kologrivova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya, Tomsk 634012, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.A.K.); (E.S.K.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Tatiana E. Suslova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya, Tomsk 634012, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.A.K.); (E.S.K.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Olga A. Koshelskaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya, Tomsk 634012, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.A.K.); (E.S.K.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Elena S. Kravchenko
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya, Tomsk 634012, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.A.K.); (E.S.K.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Olga A. Kharitonova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya, Tomsk 634012, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.A.K.); (E.S.K.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Romanova
- Department of Biomedicine, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovskii trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (E.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Alexandra I. Vyrostkova
- Department of Biomedicine, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovskii trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (E.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Alla A. Boshchenko
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya, Tomsk 634012, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.A.K.); (E.S.K.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.B.)
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10
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Behnoush AH, Khalaji A, Bahiraie P, Alehossein P, Shobeiri P, Peisepar M, Cannavo A. Endocan as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2388-2399. [PMID: 37580451 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the foremost risk factors for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of death worldwide. Importantly, endothelial dysfunction (ED) is one of the primary manifestations that may precede the development of hypertension. Endocan is a novel endothelial dysfunction and inflammation biomarker secreted from endothelial cells. Whether endocan may serve as a biomarker of hypertension is currently debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at linking endocan to ED in hypertensive patients. International databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, were systematically searched for studies investigating Endocan serum or plasma levels in hypertensive patients and healthy controls. Random effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 20 studies assessing the association between endocan levels and hypertension were included in which 3130 individuals with a mean age of 50.48 ± 8.45 years were assessed. Hypertensive patients presented with higher circulating endocan levels (SMD 0.91, 95% CI 0.44-1.38, p-value < 0.01) compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, our data demonstrated that removing three studies assessing endocan levels in hypertensive patients with different comorbidities or special populations resulted in the same statistically higher endocan levels (SMD 1.16, 95% CI 0.66-1.65, p-value < 0.01). Overall, this systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that in hypertensive patients circulating endocan levels are significantly elevated. Thus, suggesting endocan as an easy-to-use biomarker to detect ED in hypertension. Despite this, more research is warranted to address this potential ability specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pegah Bahiraie
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Alehossein
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Maral Peisepar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Katsioupa M, Kourampi I, Oikonomou E, Tsigkou V, Theofilis P, Charalambous G, Marinos G, Gialamas I, Zisimos K, Anastasiou A, Katsianos E, Kalogeras K, Katsarou O, Vavuranakis M, Siasos G, Tousoulis D. Novel Biomarkers and Their Role in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1992. [PMID: 37895374 PMCID: PMC10608753 DOI: 10.3390/life13101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular diseases and the critical role of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in their progression underscore the need for effective diagnostic and prognostic tools. Biomarkers have emerged as crucial instruments for ACS diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis assessment. Among these, high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTn) has revolutionized ACS diagnosis due to its superior sensitivity and negative predictive value. However, challenges regarding specificity, standardization, and interpretation persist. Beyond troponins, various biomarkers reflecting myocardial injury, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, thrombosis, and other pathways are being explored to refine ACS management. This review article comprehensively explores the landscape of clinically used biomarkers intricately involved in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of ACS (i.e., troponins, creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP), copeptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), d-dimers, fibrinogen), especially focusing on the prognostic role of natriuretic peptides and of inflammatory indices. Research data on novel biomarkers (i.e., endocan, galectin, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity (sST2), microRNAs (miRNAs), soluble oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1), F2 isoprostanes, and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15)) are further analyzed, aiming to shed light on the multiplicity of pathophysiologic mechanisms implicated in the evolution of ACS. By elucidating the complex interplay of these biomarkers in ACS pathophysiology, diagnosis, and outcomes, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the evolving trajectory and advancements in ACS management. However, further research is necessary to establish the clinical utility and integration of these biomarkers into routine practice to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Katsioupa
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Islam Kourampi
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Georgios Charalambous
- Department of Emergency Medicine, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - George Marinos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Gialamas
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Zisimos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Artemis Anastasiou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Efstratios Katsianos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Kalogeras
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Ourania Katsarou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (I.K.); (E.O.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (K.Z.); (A.A.); (E.K.); (K.K.); (O.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.T.); (D.T.)
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Şahan E, Güler EM, Tangılntız A, Kırpınar İ. Endocan: A novel biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in depression? J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:219-224. [PMID: 37517242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Endocan is a proteoglycan secreted from endothelium upon endothelial damage. Since depression is associated with higher inflammation and oxidative stress to the vascular endothelium, endothelial dysfunction is prevalent and it is one of the responsible mechanisms for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in depressive disorders. This study aimed to investigate endocan levels in patients with depression (either bipolar or unipolar) and healthy controls to evaluate the projected endothelial injury. We included nonsmoker patients without comorbid inflammatory conditions: 31 with Bipolar Disorder Depression (BDD), 30 with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 25 healthy controls (HC). The severity of depression was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Ultimately, serum endocan levels were significantly higher in patients with BDD than in patients with MDD (p < .000) and HCs (p < .000). Also, patients with MDD had significantly higher endocan levels than HCs (p < .000). The AUC value for the endocan to differentiate patients with depression from controls was 0.990 (95% CI: 0.971-1.000; p < .001) with sensitivity and specificity of 98.4 and 100%, respectively, and an optimal cut-off value of 316.92 ng/L. Serum endocan levels showed a mild positive correlation with HDRS scores (r = 0.372, p = .039) in the BDD group but not in the MDD group (r = -0.242, p = .20). Patients with BDD had higher endocan levels than MDD; this finding, while preliminary, could be an implication of higher endothelial dysfunction in BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Şahan
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Eray Metin Güler
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aise Tangılntız
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmet Kırpınar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yıldız E, Ketenci Gencer F, Timur B, Laleli Koc B, Timur H. Is maternal serum endocan level a novel marker in gestational diabetes mellitus? J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2310-2316. [PMID: 37394770 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether there was a significant difference between serum endocan levels of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS A total of 90 pregnant women, 45 with gestational diabetes and 45 healthy pregnant women, between 24 and 28 gestational weeks, were included in this prospective case-control study. The pregnant women were screened for gestational diabetes using a two-step protocol. Serum endocan levels were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Serum endocan level was significantly higher in the GDM group than in healthy controls (168.46 ± 160.6 vs. 105.66 ± 26.52 pg/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Serum endocan concentrations were positively correlated with the results of 50 g oral glucose challenge test (GCT) (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that endocan with a cut-off point of 133.9 ng/dL indicated women with GDM with a sensitivity of 55.6% and specificity of 88.9% (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.737, 95% CI: 0.634-0.824). The overall differential performance of endocan according to the GDM groups was determined as 73.7% (p < 0.001). Maternal serum endocan level was positively correlated with fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Elevated endocan levels in gestational diabetes were correlated with fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Despite the low sensitivity of 55.6% and the high specificity of 88.9%, we found a high differential performance rate indicating that serum endocan levels were important for the pathophysiology of GDM and should be investigated for the possibility of being a novel marker in larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yıldız
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ketenci Gencer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Timur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Bergen Laleli Koc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Timur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatology, Ordu University Training and Research Hospital, Ordu, Turkey
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Semulimi AW, Batte C, Bayiyana A, Nakabuye M, Mukisa J, Castelnuovo B, Ratanshi RP, Kirenga BJ, Ssinabulya I. Serum E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific Molecule-1 levels among people living with HIV on long term ART in Uganda: a pilot cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:26. [PMID: 37161496 PMCID: PMC10169468 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged exposure to HIV and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has been linked with endothelial cell activation which subsequently predisposes people living with HIV (PLWH) to cardiovascular diseases. Serum biomarkers of endothelial cell activation such as E-Selectin and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) could aid in early detection of PLWH at a risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a paucity of data on these biomarkers like E-selectin and endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) among PLWH on long term ART (≥ 10 years) in Uganda. The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of these biomarkers in this population. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study where we randomly sampled 73 stored serum samples of PLWH who were enrolled in the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) ART long term (ALT cohort). We measured serum levels of E-selectin and ESM-1 by ELISA. Data was summarized using median and interquartile range. Inferential statistics were performed to determine predictors of elevated levels of E-selectin. RESULTS Of the 73 samples analyzed, 38 (52.1%) were from female participants. The mean age was 54 ± 9.0 years. Twenty participants (27.4%) had a history of smoking while 52 (71.2%) had a history of alcohol intake. Twenty-five (34.3%) of the participants were overweight whereas 4 (5.6%) were obese. Fifty-four (74%) had an undetectable viral load (≤ 0 copies/ml) and the mean duration of ART at the time of sampling (2014/2015) was 10.4 ± 0.4 years. While serum levels of ESM-1 were not detectable in any of our samples, the median E-selectin levels was 147.6 μm/L ranging from 8.44 μm/L and 1,979.36 μm/L. Sixty-seven participants (91.8%) had elevated levels of E-selectin (> 39 μm/L). CD4 count > 500 cells/µl compared to lower counts was a predictor of elevated levels of E-Selectin (adjusted Odd Ratio 12.5, 95% CI (1.03 - 149.95, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The majority (91.8%) of PLWH on long term ART had elevated levels of E-selectin. Having high CD4 count (> 500 cells/µl) was predictive of elevated levels of E-Selectin. Future work should longitudinally assess the trend of levels of E-selectin and ESM-1 while assessing for cardiovascular diseases endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Weil Semulimi
- Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Charles Batte
- Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alice Bayiyana
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mariam Nakabuye
- Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Mukisa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Rosalind Parkes Ratanshi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bruce J Kirenga
- Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Ssinabulya
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Elevated Circulating Endocan Levels Are Associated with Increased Levels of Endothelial and Inflammation Factors in Postprandial Lipemia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041267. [PMID: 36835804 PMCID: PMC9966245 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial lipemia (PPL) causes endothelial dysfunction by causing endothelial damage to lipoproteins that remain rich in triglycerides. Endocan is a proteoglycan with increased tissue expression, endothelial activation, and neovascularization. The aim of the study was to examine circulating endocan levels in PPL subjects by considering the degree of PPL response according to a high-fat test meal. The other aim was to determine the association between endocan levels and endothelial and inflammatory factors. METHOD Fifty-four hyperlipidemic subjects and 28 normolipidemic subjects consumed the high-fat meal. Endocan, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and VEGFA as endothelial factors and IL-6 and LFA-1α as inflammatory factors were evaluated. RESULTS Fasting serum endocan, VEGFA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 IL-6, and LFA-1α levels were increased in the PPL group compared to the control group. The PPL group was divided into tertiles based on mean AUC levels. Endocan levels in tertile 3 were at the highest and were increased significantly compared to tertiles 1 and 2. AUC and endocan levels were positively correlated with other endothelial and inflammation factors. ROC analysis showed endocan levels to be one of the highest values. CONCLUSIONS Circulating endocan is seen at significantly higher levels and independently associated with endothelial and inflammatory factors in postprandial lipemia and dyslipidemia.
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Sun JK, Liu JH, Mo DG. ESM-1 might be a potential target to prevent coronary artery disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2022; 100:487. [PMID: 36257202 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ke Sun
- Department of Respiratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Graduate School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Graduate School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China
| | - De-Gang Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Graduate School of Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China.
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Bockus L, Kim F. Coronary endothelial dysfunction: from pathogenesis to clinical implications. Open Heart 2022; 9:e002200. [PMID: 36600608 PMCID: PMC9743399 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has a substantial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Multiple risk factors, including smoking, hyperlipiadaemia and diabetes, can have associated ED, which is correlated with cardiac events. Measurement of coronary artery endothelial function requires the use of invasive techniques to assess both epicardial coronary artery and microvascular beds. Peripheral vascular techniques and endothelial biomarkers can be used to indirectly assess coronary ED. In this review of coronary artery ED, we discuss the current state of the field, the techniques used to measure ED and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Bockus
- Deparment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Francis Kim
- Deparment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Stătescu C, Anghel L, Tudurachi BS, Leonte A, Benchea LC, Sascău RA. From Classic to Modern Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9168. [PMID: 36012430 PMCID: PMC9409468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all the important advances in its diagnosis and treatment, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of patients at high risk of poor outcomes through the measurement of various biomarker concentrations might contribute to more accurate risk stratification and help to guide more individualized therapeutic strategies, thus improving prognoses. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the role and applications of cardiac biomarkers in risk stratification and prognostic assessment for patients with myocardial infarction. Although there is no ideal biomarker that can provide prognostic information for risk assessment in patients with AMI, the results obtained in recent years are promising. Several novel biomarkers related to the pathophysiological processes found in patients with myocardial infarction, such as inflammation, neurohormonal activation, myocardial stress, myocardial necrosis, cardiac remodeling and vasoactive processes, have been identified; they may bring additional value for AMI prognosis when included in multi-biomarker strategies. Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence algorithms for risk stratification and prognostic assessment in these patients may have an extremely important role in improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Stătescu
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Larisa Anghel
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Sorin Tudurachi
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Andreea Leonte
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Laura-Cătălina Benchea
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Radu-Andy Sascău
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania
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Hong HJ, Oh YI, Park SM, An JH, Kim TH, Chae HK, Seo KW, Youn HY. Evaluation of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 as a biomarker of glycocalyx damage in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:261. [PMID: 35790968 PMCID: PMC9254417 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) has emerged as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease in humans. Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common heart disease in dogs, and we hypothesized that MMVD causes chronic inflammation that increases susceptibility to endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX) damage. In this study, we measured the concentration of ESM-1 in a group of dogs with MMVD and evaluated factors affecting eGCX damage. Results Sixty-four dogs (control, n = 6; MMVD, n = 58) were enrolled in this study. There was no significant difference in serum ESM-1 concentrations among the MMVD stages. The serum ESM-1 concentration was significantly higher in the death group than in the alive group in MMVD dogs. (p = 0.006). In five dogs with MMVD, serum ESM-1 concentrations tended to decrease when the cardiac drug (pimobendan, furosemide, and digoxin) dose was increased. Conclusions In cases where MMVD progressed to decompensated heart failure with clinical symptoms and resulted in death, the concentration of serum ESM-1 increased significantly. Therefore, ESM-1 could be utilized as a new potential negative prognostic factor in patients with MMVD.
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Chen J, Jiang L, Yu XH, Hu M, Zhang YK, Liu X, He P, Ouyang X. Endocan: A Key Player of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:798699. [PMID: 35071362 PMCID: PMC8766991 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.798699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be an early change in atherosclerosis. Endocan, also known as endothelial cell specific molecule-1, is a soluble proteoglycan mainly secreted by endothelial cells. Inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α can up regulate the expression of endocan and then affect the expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, which play an important role in promoting leukocyte migration and inflammatory response. Elevated plasma levels of endocan may reflect endothelial activation and dysfunction, and is considered to be a potential immuno-inflammatory marker that may be related to cardiovascular disease. In the case of hypertension, diabetes, angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction, the increase or decrease of serum endocan levels is of great significance. Here, we reviewed the current research on endocan, and emphasis its possible clinical value as a prognostic marker of cardiovascular disease. Endocan may be a useful biomarker for the prognosis of cardiovascular disease, but more research is needed on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Chen
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Clinical Drug Research Center, Hunan Taihe Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Mi Hu
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yang-Kai Zhang
- Hengyang Medical School, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pingping He
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinping Ouyang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical College, The Neuroscience Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Udaya R, Sivakanesan R. Synopsis of Biomarkers of Atheromatous Plaque Formation, Rupture and Thrombosis in the Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:53-62. [PMID: 35410616 PMCID: PMC9896418 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220411113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome is the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and early diagnosis is a challenge for clinicians. Though cardiac Troponin, the most commonly used biomarker, is the gold standard for myocardial necrosis, it is blind for ischemia without necrosis. Therefore, ideal biomarkers are essential in the care of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of cardiac ischemia. The ideal biomarker or group of biomarkers of atheromatous plaque formation, rupture and thrombosis for timely and accurate diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome is a current need. Therefore, we discuss the existing understanding and future of biomarkers of atheromatous plaque formation, rupture and thrombosis of acute coronary syndrome in this review. Keywords were searched from Medline, ISI, IBSS and Google Scholar databases. Further, the authors conducted a manual search of other relevant journals and reference lists of primary articles. The development of high-sensitivity troponin assays facilitates earlier exclusion of acute coronary syndrome, contributing to a reduced length of stay at the emergency department, and earlier treatment resulting in better outcomes. Although researchers have investigated biomarkers of atheromatous plaque formation, rupture and thrombosis to help early diagnosis of cardiac ischemia, most of them necessitate validation from further analysis. Among these biomarkers, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial cell-specific molecule- 1(endocan) have shown promising results in the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome but need further evaluation. However, the use of a combination of biomarkers representing varying pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac ischemia will support risk assessment, diagnosis and prognosis in these patients and this is the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralapanawa Udaya
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Galaha Rd, 20400, Sri Lanka; Tel: 0718495682; E-mail:
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Assessment of cardiovascular dysfunction in Egyptian women with diminished ovarian reserve: A single-center study. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abdurakhmanov ZM, Umarov BY, Abdurakhmanov MM. Novel Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-08-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The review analyzes the role of assessing the state of the endothelium in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, stratification of their risks, since endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a crucial predictor of this pathologies. In this regard, this paper presents the modern understanding of the methods for assessing ED, presents the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques. Despite the fact that flow-mediated dilation is widely used as a classical method for studying endothelial function, this technique depends on the physiological state of sensory nerves and calcium-activated potassium channels, cardiac output. This review focuses on new biomarkers for ED such as endothelial microparticles, endoglin and endocan, and discusses the relevance of the criteria for their use in clinical practice. Based on current scientific advances, the authors concluded that among these three newest biomarkers, today, endocan can be considered a more informative and reliable cellular marker of ED. Moreover, the authors have shown that when measured separately, many of the studied classical circulating biomarkers do not provide reliable information about the state of the endothelium, since the endothelial function has a complex physiological nature which therefore raises the question of the advisability of considering a combination of classical and new biomarkers for improving the assessment of the endothelial state.
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Han F, Liao W, Duan X, Shi Y, Hu Z. The Association Between Serum Endocan Level and Short-Term Prognosis of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Angiology 2021; 73:344-349. [PMID: 34269102 DOI: 10.1177/00033197211030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This cohort study was designed to assess the association between serum endocan levels and the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. A total of 227 patients were recruited consecutively. Study outcome data on death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) were collected at 3 months after stroke onset. After 3 months of follow-up, death and disability occurred in 48 and 85 patients, respectively, while the primary (death) and secondary (death or disability) outcome incident rate was 21.15% and 37.44%, respectively. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95% CIs) of the highest endocan quartile for death or major disability was 1.21 (1.10, 4.13) compared with the lowest quartile. After adjusting for confounding factors, the increase in the risk of death was not significant. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that endocan predicted primary and secondary outcomes with C-statistical values (95% CIs) of 0.61 (0.55-0.67, P = .001) and 0.68 (0.59-0.76, P < .001), respectively. Elevated endocan levels were independently related to increased risk of poor outcome at 3 months after ischemic stroke onset. Endocan is a potential prognostic factor for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Clinical Medical College Jiujiang University Hospital, 71220Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Weifang Liao
- Clinical Medical College Jiujiang University Hospital, 71220Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.,Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Xunxin Duan
- Clinical Medical College Jiujiang University Hospital, 71220Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Yuying Shi
- Clinical Medical College Jiujiang University Hospital, 71220Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Clinical Medical College Jiujiang University Hospital, 71220Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To consider the role of endocan as an inflammatory marker in cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Endocan, an endothelial inflammatory marker, is associated with cardiovascular disease. SUMMARY Vascular endothelial inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases by influencing thrombogenesis, tumour invasion and secretion of bioactive mediators. We discuss the role of endocan mainly in the context of cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevket Balta
- Department of Cardiology, Hayat Hospital, Malatya
| | - Ilknur Balta
- Department of Dermatology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School London, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU) of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai
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Dengue Virus Induces the Expression and Release of Endocan from Endothelial Cells by an NS1-TLR4-Dependent Mechanism. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061305. [PMID: 34203931 PMCID: PMC8232724 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A common hallmark of dengue infections is the dysfunction of the vascular endothelium induced by different biological mechanisms. In this paper, we studied the role of recombinant NS1 proteins representing the four dengue serotypes, and their role in promoting the expression and release of endocan, which is a highly specific biomarker of endothelial cell activation. We evaluated mRNA expression and the levels of endocan protein in vitro following the stimulation of HUVEC and HMEC-1 cell lines with recombinant NS1 proteins. NS1 proteins increase endocan mRNA expression 48 h post-activation in both endothelial cell lines. Endocan mRNA expression levels were higher in HUVEC and HMEC-1 cells stimulated with NS1 proteins than in non-stimulated cells (p < 0.05). A two-fold to three-fold increase in endocan protein release was observed after the stimulation of HUVECs or HMEC-1 cells with NS1 proteins compared with that in non-stimulated cells (p < 0.05). The blockade of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) signaling on HMEC-1 cells with an antagonistic antibody prevented NS1-dependent endocan production. Dengue-infected patients showed elevated serum endocan levels (≥30 ng/mL) during early dengue infection. High endocan serum levels were associated with laboratory abnormalities, such as lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia, and are associated with the presence of NS1 in the serum.
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Does Familial Mediterranean Fever Provoke Atherosclerosis in Children? Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness and Serum Endocan Levels. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4199-4206. [PMID: 33813620 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the risk for atherosclerosis by using echocardiographic arterial stiffness (AS) parameters and serum endocan levels, as a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in children with FMF. METHODS Seventy-nine children with FMF (12-18 years) and 41 healthy children were included, and clinical features (age at the first attack, age at the time of diagnosis, diagnosis delay time, colchicine dose, biological agent usage, MEFV mutations, and symptoms of attacks) of patients were noted. Arterial stiffness parameters were calculated by using echocardiographic aortic measurements with blood pressure monitoring. Hemogram parameters, acute phase reactants, blood glucose and lipid levels of 12 hours of fasting, and serum endocan levels were evaluated for all participants. RESULTS There were no statistically significance regarding demographic features, acute phase reactants, and hemogram parameters. Blood glucose and lipid levels were similar, except for HDL (lower in FMF group, p=0.029). Serum endocan levels did not differ in two groups (p=0.906). Only stiffness of descending aorta was lower in FMF group (p=0.028), and the other AS parameters were similar between two groups (p>0.05 for each parameters). CONCLUSION Good disease control could be preventive for atherosclerosis in children with FMF. On the other hand, screening for cardiovascular diseases is essential, particularly for uncontrolled cases. Distribution of MEFV gene mutations KEY POINTS: • Exaggerated inflammation is the prominent feature of FMF attacks; moreover, it is shown that subclinical inflammation might also continue in attack-free periods. • Chronic inflammation contributes to atherosclerotic process in almost all stages by activating endothelial cells, producing reactive oxygen species, and accelerating foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formations. • However, the results of this study showed that there was no difference in terms of atherosclerotic markers such as serum endocan levels and arterial stiffness parameters between pediatric FMF patients and healthy peers. • Good disease control in pediatric FMF patients may prevent early atherosclerotic changes during childhood, which then may lead a probable decreased risk of subsequent CVD in adulthood.
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Cici D, Corrado A, Rotondo C, Colia R, Cantatore FP. Adipokines and Chronic Rheumatic Diseases: from Inflammation to Bone Involvement. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-021-09275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBesides its well-known role as energy storage tissue, adipose tissue is a biologically active tissue that can also be considered as an endocrine organ, as it is able to secrete adipokines. These bioactive factors, similar in structure to cytokines, are involved in several physiological and pathological conditions, such as glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, control of food intake, and also inflammation and bone homeostasis via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms. Given their pleiotropic functions, the role of adipokines has been evaluated in chronic rheumatic osteoarticular inflammatory diseases, particularly focusing on their effects on inflammatory and immune response and on bone alterations. Indeed, these diseases are characterized by different bone complications, such as local and systemic bone loss and new bone formation. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of adipokines in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis, especially considering their role in the pathogenesis of bone complications typical of these conditions.
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Evaluation of serum endocan levels in relation to epicardial fat tissue thickness in metabolic syndrome patients. ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES 2021; 5:e290-e296. [PMID: 33644488 PMCID: PMC7885812 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2020.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome has been recognized as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) thickness has recently been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular diseases in metabolic syndrome patients. Endocan is a novel molecule which is considered to be an early marker of endothelial dysfunction. Our aim was to evaluate endocan serum levels for the first time in metabolic syndrome patients, in relation to EFT thickness. Material and methods The study included 44 patients with metabolic syndrome who had neither chronic kidney disease nor chronic inflammation and 26 healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the groups. The serum levels of endocan were measured with a Sunred ELISA kit. EFT thickness of patients was measured by echocardiography. Results The serum endocan levels were significantly lower in the metabolic syndrome patients compared to the healthy controls (120.71 ±90.17 pg/ml vs. 414.59 ±277.57, p < 0.001). Metabolic syndrome patients demonstrated significantly higher EFT (p = 0.042). EFT thickness had a positive correlation with age (r = 0.397, p = 0.008) and weight (r = 0.010). However, there was no correlation with serum endocan (r = –0.021, p = 0.893) or other parameters. Regression analysis revealed that waist circumference is the parameter among metabolic syndrome criteria having the strongest relationship with serum endocan levels (β = –0.499, p = 0.21). Conclusions EFT thickness was high in metabolic syndrome patients and can be a useful marker for cardiovascular risk assessment. However, serum endocan levels were found to be low and there was no correlation with EFT thickness. Large sample sized prospective studies are needed to clarify the relation of endocan levels with the other clinical indicators of cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome.
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Identification of Circulating Endocan-1 and Ether Phospholipids as Biomarkers for Complications in Thalassemia Patients. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020070. [PMID: 33530524 PMCID: PMC7912378 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our knowledge and attempts to improve therapies, β-thalassemia remains a prevalent disorder with increased risk for the development of cardiomyopathy. Using an untargeted discovery-based lipidomic workflow, we uncovered that transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients had a unique circulating lipidomic signature consisting of 387 lipid features, allowing their significant discrimination from healthy controls (Q-value < 0.01). In particular, TDT patients had elevated triacylglycerols and long-chain acylcarnitines, albeit lower ether phospholipids or plasmalogens, sphingomyelins, and cholesterol esters, reminiscent of that previously characterized in cardiometabolic diseases resulting from mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction. Discriminating lipid (sub)classes correlated differentially with clinical parameters, reflecting blood (ether phospholipids) and iron (cholesterol ester) status or heart function (triacylglycerols). We also tested 15 potential serum biomarkers related to cardiometabolic disease and found that both lipocalin-2 and, for the first time, endocan-1 levels were significantly elevated in TDT patients and showed a strong correlation with blood parameters and three ether diacylglycerophosphatidylcholine species. In conclusion, this study identifies new characteristics of TDT patients which may have relevance in developing biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Ceyhun G. The relationship of the serum endocan level with the CHA 2DS 2-VASc score in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Egypt Heart J 2021; 73:9. [PMID: 33443627 PMCID: PMC7809070 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-021-00132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study considering the relationship between serum endocan and CHA2DS2-VASc score, we assumed that endocan level could be a new biomarker for stroke risk in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). It was examined that endocan could be an alternative to determine the risk of stroke and anticoagulation strategy in patients with PAF. The CHA2DS2-VASc scores were calculated for 192 patients with PAF, and their serum endocan levels were measured. The patients were divided into two groups as those with low to moderate (0-1) and those with high (≥ 2) CHA2DS2-VASc scores, and the endocan levels were compared between these two groups. Results The serum endocan level was significantly higher in the high CHA2DS2-VASc score group (p < 0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, endocan, C-reactive protein, and low-density lipoprotein were found to be independent determinants of the CHA2DS2-VASc score. The predictive value of endocan was analyzed using the ROC curve analysis, which revealed that endocan predicted a high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 2) at 82.5% sensitivity and 71.2% specificity at the cutoff value of 1.342. Conclusion This study indicates that endocan is significantly associated with CHA2DS2-VASc score. We demonstrated that endocan could be a new biomarker for the prediction of a high stroke risk among patients diagnosed with PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Ceyhun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Kim JS, Ko GJ, Kim YG, Lee SY, Lee DY, Jeong KH, Lee SH. Plasma Endocan as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Event in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124086. [PMID: 33352837 PMCID: PMC7766985 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocan, a potential biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated the utility of plasma endocan for predicting cardiovascular risk in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. Of the 452 patients in the K-cohort, 354 with available plasma endocan levels were enrolled. The correlation between plasma endocan levels and the clinical characteristics of a study population were analyzed. We divided patients into two groups, according to plasma endocan levels, and investigated the predictive value of endocan for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. In a multiple linear regression analysis, plasma endocan levels were positively correlated with previous cardiovascular events and negatively correlated with body mass index, albumin, and triglyceride. Patients with higher plasma endocan levels experienced more frequent cardiovascular events than those with lower plasma endocan levels (12.9% in the lower group vs. 22.7% in the higher group, p = 0.016). Cox proportional hazard models showed that higher plasma endocan levels were an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in ESRD patients on hemodialysis ((hazard ration) HR 1.949, 95% (confidence interval) CI 1.144–3.319, p = 0.014). Our results suggest that plasma endocan level might be a useful biomarker for predicting cardiovascular events in ESRD patients on hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sug Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea; (J.S.K.); (Y.G.K.)
| | - Gang Jee Ko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea; (J.S.K.); (Y.G.K.)
| | - So Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea;
| | - Kyung Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea; (J.S.K.); (Y.G.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.J.); (S.H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-958-8200 (K.H.J.); +82-440-6121 (S.H.L.)
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02453, Korea; (J.S.K.); (Y.G.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.J.); (S.H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-958-8200 (K.H.J.); +82-440-6121 (S.H.L.)
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Cekici Y, Kaya BC, Elkan H. The Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Severe Obesity. Obes Surg 2020; 31:738-745. [PMID: 33188623 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of mortality in obese patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) operation on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), epicardial fat thickness (EFT), and serum endocan levels, which are independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 47 patients (35 females and 12 males) with a mean age of 38 ± 10.48 with standard indications for LSG were prospectively included in the study. Mean CIMT values with B-mode duplex ultrasound, EFT measurements with standard transthoracic 2D echocardiography, and serum endocan levels were measured before the operation and 6 months after the operation. Delta (Δ) values were obtained by subtracting sixth month values from baseline values. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly from an average of 47.31 ± 6.10 to 37.25 ± 5.61 kg/m2 in the sixth month after LSG (p < 0.001). EFT, CIMT, and serum endocan values decreased significantly in the sixth month after surgery (0.67 ± 0.15 vs. 0.60 ± 0.14 mm, p < 0.001; 1.07 ± 0.05 vs. 1.00 ± 0.14 mm, p < 0.001; and 89.18 ± 66.22 vs. 37.74 ± 15.37, p < 0.001, respectively). There were mild-moderate positive relationships between Δ-BMI and the values of EFT and CIMT (r = 0.386, p = 0.007 and r = 0.314, p = 0.024, respectively). We also found weak linear relationships between Δ-BMI and Δ-endocan (r = 0.267, p = 0.036), and between Δ-EFT and Δ-CIMT (r: 0.221; p: 0.046). CONCLUSION LSG can lead to reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease by providing improvements in CIMT, EFT, and serum endocan values, which reflect early structural atherosclerotic changes in patients with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Cekici
- Department of Cardiology, SBÜ Mehmet Akif İnan Education and Research Hospital, Esentepe Neighborhood, Ertuğrul Street, 132A., 63040, Haliliye, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.
| | - Bedri Caner Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, SBÜ Mehmet Akif İnan Education and Research Hospital, Esentepe Neighborhood, Ertuğrul Street, 132A., 63040, Haliliye, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Elkan
- Department of General Surgery, Şanlıurfa Education and Research Hospital, Yenice Neighborhood, D: 1, 63300, Haliliye, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) occurs early in the development of atherosclerosis. Predictors of vascular risk including obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension are associated with both vascular endothelial and ED. Endocan is a novel marker of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Raised endocan levels (usually measured by ELISA assays) were reported in some cardiovascular diseases and related conditions. Increased endocan levels may represent the endothelial and inflammatory components of the pathogenesis of ED and may, therefore, prove useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevket Balta
- Department of Cardiology, Hayat Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School London, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Davydkin IL, Kuzmina TP, Naumova KV, Khayretdinov RK, Danilova OE, Stepanova TY, Osadchuk AM, Mordvinova EV. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and its changes in the course of polychemotherapy. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2020.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The article is dedicated to contemporary views on the change of endothelial function in the patients with lymphoproliferative disorders prior to, and in the process of, chemotherapeutic treatment. Considering that possibilities of standard examination do not always help identifying subclinical endothelial dysfunction, it is necessary to use specific methods, in particular, to determine the levels of endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor to monitor endothelial function. The objective of this review is to identify problems and prospects for recognizing early subclinical changes of endothelial function in the patients with lymphoproliferative disorders before and after chemotherapy. Assessing presence and severity of endothelial dysfunction may be useful for determining subclinical stages of cardiovascular damage, stratifying the risk of the patients with confirmed cardiovascular disease, and reducing the likelihood of cardio- and endotheliotoxic effects in patients long after chemotherapy. That is why early detection and immediate therapy of cardiovascular toxicity is currently the most important task in the patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, receiving chemotherapy.
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Ovayolu A, Karaman E, Turgut A, Cekici Y, Ortabag T, Chiara Rapisarda AM, Noventa M, Cianci A. Endothelial cell-specific-molecule-1 (endocan) levels in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a prospective comparative study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:637-641. [PMID: 32808833 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1789952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). A relationship between cardiovascular disease and endocan levels has been shown. Endocan is a marker that is prominent in many diseases caused by endothelial dysfunction and can be measured in the blood. POI is also associated with endothelial dysfunction. The causes of POI include chromosomal and genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, infections and surgery, but many are unidentified (idiopathic). This study aimed to evaluate serum endocan levels in women with idiopathic POI. The blood for analysis was obtained at the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and endocan levels were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. There were 38 patients with idiopathic POI in the study group and 39 healthy subjects in the control group. The median ages of the women were not significantly different between the groups 34 [7] years vs. 34 [7] years, respectively (p = .862). The median endocan level was not different in the POI and control group 769 [727] vs. 1077 [403] pg/mL, respectively (p = .603). Endocan is not associated with the cardiovascular diseases risk linked with endothelial dysfunction in idiopathic POI. Clinical trial number: NCT03932877 (Clinicaltrials.gov)IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? There is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) due to the decreased level of oestrogen, which is linked with endothelial dysfunction.What do the results of this study add? This study showed that endocan is not associated with the cardiovascular disease risk linked with endothelial dysfunction in idiopathic POI.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? A marker to be used to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with POI could facilitate in improving the quality of life of these patients. Moreover, advantageous and easy-to-measure markers are needed in larger sample studies to better understand the cardiovascular diseases risk in POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ovayolu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cengiz Gokcek Public Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Erbil Karaman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Turgut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Cekici
- Department of Cardiology, Doctor Ersin, Aslan Research and Training Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Tulay Ortabag
- Public Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Sahinbey, Turkey
| | | | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Women and Children's health, Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Cianci
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Yan Z, Wang S. Proteoglycans as Therapeutic Targets in Brain Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1358. [PMID: 32850434 PMCID: PMC7419654 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are heavily glycosylated diverse proteins consisting of a "core protein" covalently attached to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and present on the cell surface, extracellular matrix, and intracellular milieu. Extracellular proteoglycans play crucial roles in facilitating cell signaling and migration, interacting with growth factor receptors, intracellular enzymes, extracellular ligands, and matrix components, as well as structural proteins and promoting significant tumor-microenvironment interactions in cancerous settings. As a result of their highly regulated expression patterns, recent research has focused on the role of proteoglycans in the development of nervous tissue, such as their effect on neurite outgrowth, participation in the development of precursor cell types, and regulation of cell behaviors. The present review summarizes current progress for the studies of proteoglycan function in brain cancer and explains recent research involving brain glycoproteins as modulators of migration, cell adhesion, glial tumor invasion, and neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, we highlight the correlations between specific proteoglycan alterations and the suggested cancer-associated proteoglycans as novel biomarkers for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Yan
- Horace Greeley High School, Chappaqua, NY, United States
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Anık A, Çelik E, Çevik Ö, Ünüvar T, Anık A. The relation of serum endocan and soluble endoglin levels with metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:/j/jpem.ahead-of-print/jpem-2020-0146/jpem-2020-0146.xml. [PMID: 32697760 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of vascular disease in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In the present study, we aimed to investigate serum endocan and soluble endoglin (S-endoglin) levels, and their relation with metabolic control in children with T1DM, which was not previously assessed. Methods A total of 64 T1DM subjects and 64 healthy subjects were included in this study. Their anthropometric features, arterial blood pressures, pubertal status, insulin doses were recorded. Glycated hemoglobin, serum endocan and S-endoglin levels were measured and compared to each other. Results Serum endocan and S-endoglin levels were higher in children with T1DM than those of healthy group (p<0.01). Significant positive correlation was detected between both endocan and S-endoglin (r=0.579, p<0.001); and HbA1c and endocan (r=0.296, p=0.01). Compared to patients with good metabolic control, those with poorer metabolic control (HbA1c > 8%) had an older age, longer duration of diabetes, higher number of pubertal children. Also, patients with poorer metabolic control had higher endocan and S-endoglin levels than those of healthy group, but this finding did not reach statistical significance. There was no correlation between the endocan/S-endoglin levels and age, duration of diabetes and insulin dose. Conclusion Serum levels of endocan and S-endoglin which are novel biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction are high in children with T1DM. Elevated serum endocan and endoglin levels in children with T1DM without microvascular complications indicates endothelial damage in very early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Anık
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Elif Çelik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Tolga Ünüvar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Anık
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Bessa J, Albino-Teixeira A, Reina-Couto M, Sousa T. Endocan: A novel biomarker for risk stratification, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring in human cardiovascular and renal diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:310-335. [PMID: 32710940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is localized at the interface between the blood and surrounding tissues, playing a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue-fluid homeostasis and in the regulation of host defense, inflammation, vascular tone and remodeling, angiogenesis and haemostasis. The dysfunctional endothelium was shown to be implicated in the pathophysiology of several endothelial-dependent disorders, such as arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure and chronic kidney disease, in which it is an early predictor of cardiovascular events. Endocan is a soluble dermatan sulphate proteoglycan mainly secreted by the activated endothelium. It is upregulated by several proinflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic factors and may itself contribute to the inflammatory status. In addition of being a surrogate marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, it seems to be involved in the regulation of several proliferative and neovascularization processes. Therefore, its utility as a biomarker in a wide spectrum of diseases has been increasingly explored. Here, we review the current evidence concerning the role of endocan in several human cardiovascular and renal diseases, where it seems to be a promising biomarker for risk stratification, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Bessa
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar São João (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Association of Biomarker Level with Cardiovascular Events: Results of a 4-Year Follow-Up Study. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8020674. [PMID: 32676207 PMCID: PMC7330646 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8020674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the high rates of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), the primary and secondary CVD prevention is one of the public health priority. Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are the major drivers of atherosclerosis development and progression. In this regard, the study of the biomarker application as a tool to better identify high-risk individuals is an up-to-date sector of modern cardiology. The simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers can increase the risk stratification for people who are not known to have cardiovascular events in their history. The study aimed to investigate the predictive value of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16), endocan, and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in the cardiovascular event development in people who are not known to have cardiovascular events in their history. Method We examined 363 people aged 30 to 65 who have been living permanently in the city of Saran, Karaganda region. The selected participants were people registered at a clinic at the city of Saran, who were screened between August and September 2014. Results The follow-up period was 48 months (from August-September 2014 to November 2018). The results showed that CXCL16 (p < 0.001), endocan (p < 0.001), and H-FABP (p=0.002) biomarker levels are significantly higher in outcome groups compared with those of the no-outcome group. Univariate regression analysis proved the prognostic significance of all biomarkers in cardiovascular events development. The multivariate regression analysis after the adjustment confirmed that the CXCL16 increase was associated with the "composite endpoint" (CE) development (p < 0.001) while the endocan increased due to the development of major cardiovascular events (MACE) (p=0.008); we did not find the association of the risks of event development with the H-FABP level increase (p=0.83).
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Endocan: A Biomarker for Hepatosteatosis in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3534042. [PMID: 32317862 PMCID: PMC7152978 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3534042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases, which has recently been mentioned as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Objectives Endocan is a novel molecule of endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate the associations of serum endocan levels with the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI), and degrees of hepatosteatosis in patients with metabolic syndrome with NAFLD. Design and Setting. This cross-sectional prospective study was performed in the outpatient clinic of an internal medicine department. Methods The study included 40 patients with metabolic syndrome with NAFLD as noted using hepatic ultrasound and 20 healthy controls. Secondary causes of fatty liver were excluded. FLI and HSI calculations were recorded. Serum endocan level values were obtained after overnight fasting. Results Higher values of HSI and FLI were found in the NAFLD groups than in the control groups (p < 0.001). Five (12.5%) of 20 patients with liver steatosis had grade 1 liver steatosis, 15 (37.5%) patients had grade 2 liver steatosis, and 20 (50%) patients had grade 3 liver steatosis. Serum endocan levels were lower in patients with NAFLD compared with the healthy controls (146.56 ± 133.29 pg/mL vs. 433.71 ± 298.01 pg/mL, p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis suggested that the optimum endocan value cutoff point for NAFLD was 122.583 pg/mL (sensitivity: 71.79%, specificity: 90%, PPV: 93.3%, and NPV: 62.1%). Conclusion Serum endocan concentrations are low in patients with NAFLD, and the optimum cutoff point is 122.583 pg/mL. HSI and FLI were higher in patients with NAFLD; however, there was no correlation with serum endocan.
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Leite AR, Borges-Canha M, Cardoso R, Neves JS, Castro-Ferreira R, Leite-Moreira A. Novel Biomarkers for Evaluation of Endothelial Dysfunction. Angiology 2020; 71:397-410. [PMID: 32077315 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720903586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest indicators of cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction, and its evaluation would be of considerable importance to stratify CV risk of many diseases and to assess the efficacy of atheroprotective treatments. Flow-mediated dilation is the most widely used method to study endothelial function. However, it is operator-dependent and can be influenced by physiological variations. Circulating biomarkers are a promising alternative. Due to the complexity of endothelial function, many of the biomarkers studied do not provide consistent information about the endothelium when measured alone. New circulating markers are being explored and some of them are thought to be suitable for the clinical setting. In this review, we focus on novel biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, particularly endothelial microparticles, endocan, and endoglin, and discuss whether they fulfill the criteria to be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Leite
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Borges-Canha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Cardoso
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Castro-Ferreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Circulating endocan and preeclampsia: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:221644. [PMID: 31854443 PMCID: PMC6946619 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endocan, a novel protein involved in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, has been suggested to be related to preeclampsia, although the results of previous studies were not consistent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential difference of circulating endocan in women with preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy. Methods: Matched case–control studies evaluating the difference of circulating endocan between women with preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy were identified via systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases. A random-effect model or a fixed-effect model was used to pool the results according to the heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate whether the timing of preeclampsia onset affected the outcome. Results: Overall, eight matched case–control studies, including 451 women with preeclampsia and 442 women with normal pregnancy were included. Significant heterogeneity was detected among the included studies (P for Cochrane’s Q test = 0.006, I2 = 65%). Meta-analysis with a random-effect model showed that women with preeclampsia had significantly higher circulating level of endocan compared with women with normal pregnancy (standardized mean difference = 0.37, 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.62, P = 0.003). Subsequent subgroup analyses showed that the difference of circulating endocan between women with early onset preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy was not statistically different from that between women with late-onset preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancy (P for subgroup difference = 0.81). Conclusions: Women with preeclampsia have higher circulating endocan than those with normal pregnancy.
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Is endocan a novel potential biomarker of liver steatosis and fibrosis? J Med Biochem 2019; 39:363-371. [PMID: 33269025 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies that evaluated endocan levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis are scarce. We aimed to explore endocan levels in relation to different stages of liver diseases, such as NAFLD, as determined with fatty liver index (FLI) and liver fibrosis, as assessed with BARD score. Methods A total of 147 participants with FLI≥60 were compared with 64 participants with FLI <30. An FLI score was calculated using waist circumference, body mass index, gamma-glutamyl transferase and triglycerides. Patients with FLI≥60 were further divided into those with no/mild fibrosis (BARD score 0-1 point; n=23) and advanced fibrosis (BARD score 2-4 points; n=124). BARD score was calculated as follows: diabetes mellitus (1 point) + body mass index≥28 kg/m2 (1 point) + aspartate amino transferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio≥0.8 (2 points). Results Endocan was independent predictor for FLI and BARD score, both in univariate [OR=1.255 (95% CI= 1.104-1.426), P=0.001; OR=1.208 (95% CI=1.029-1.419), P=0.021, respectively] and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis [OR=1.287 (95% CI=1.055-1.570), P=0.013; OR=1.226 (95% CI=1.022-1.470), P=0.028, respectively]. Endocan as a single predictor showed poor discriminatory capability for steatosis/fibrosis [AUC=0.648; (95% CI=0.568-0.727), P=0.002; AUC= 0.667 (95% CI=0.555-0.778), P=0.013, respectively], whereas in a Model, endocan showed an excellent clinical accuracy [AUC=0.930; (95% CI=0.886-0.975), P<0.001, AUC=0.840 (95% CI=0.763-0.918), P<0.001, respectively]. Conclusions Endocan independently correlated with both FLI and BARD score. However, when tested in models (with other biomarkers), endocan showed better discriminatory ability for liver steatosis/fibrosis, instead of its usage as a single biomarker.
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Klisic A, Kavaric N, Stanisic V, Vujcic S, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Ninic A, Kotur-Stevuljevic J. Endocan and a novel score for dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation (DOI score) are independently correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Arch Med Sci 2019; 16:42-50. [PMID: 32051704 PMCID: PMC6963142 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to examine serum endocan level and the summary involvement of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation by calculation of its comprehensive score (i.e. Dyslipidemia-Oxy-Inflammation (DOI) score) in relation to glucoregulation in subjects with prediabetes and overt type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 59 patients with prediabetes and 102 patients with T2D were compared with 117 diabetes-free controls. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), inflammation, OS and lipid parameters were measured. Associations of clinical data with HbA1c level were tested with univariate and multivariate logistic ordinal regression analysis. HbA1c as a dependent variable is given at the ordinal level (i.e. < 5.7%; 5.7-6.4%, > 6.4%, respectively). RESULTS Endocan was significantly higher in the T2D group than in the controls. As endocan concentration rose by 1 unit, the probability for higher HbA1c concentration increased by more than 3 times (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.84-7.01, p < 0.001). Also, a rise in the dyslipidemia score, oxy score, inflammation score and DOI score by 1 unit increased the probability of higher HbA1c concentration by 19%, 13%, 51% and 11%, respectively. In the models, after adjustment for confounding variables, endocan and DOI score remained independent predictors of HbA1c level. CONCLUSIONS Endocan and DOI score are independently correlated with HbA1c in patients with prediabetes and overt T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Klisic
- Center of Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Nebojsa Kavaric
- Center of Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Verica Stanisic
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Sanja Vujcic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ana Ninic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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