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Chichelnitskiy E, Goldschmidt I, Ruhl L, Rübsamen N, Jaeger VK, Karch A, Beushausen K, Keil J, Götz JK, D'Antiga L, Debray D, Hierro L, Kelly D, McLin V, Pawlowska J, Mikolajczyk RT, Bravi M, Klaudel-Dreszler M, Demir Z, Lloyd C, Korff S, Baumann U, Falk CS. Plasma immune signatures can predict rejection-free survival in the first year after pediatric liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)00367-2. [PMID: 38821361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS After pediatric liver transplantation (pLT), children undergo life-long immunosuppression since reliable biomarkers for the assessment of rejection probability are scarce. In the multicenter (n = 7) prospective clinical cohort "ChilSFree" study, we aimed to characterize longitudinal dynamics of soluble and cellular immune mediators during the first year after pLT and identify early biomarkers associated with outcome. METHODS Using a Luminex-based multiplex technique paired with flow cytometry, we characterized longitudinal dynamics of soluble immune mediators (SIMs, n = 50) and immune cells in the blood of 244 patients at eight visits over 1 year: before, and 7/14/21/28 days and 3/6/12 months after pLT. RESULTS The unsupervised clustering of patients based on SIM profiles revealed six unique SIM signatures associated with clinical outcome. From three signatures linked to improved outcome, one was associated with 1-year-long rejection-free survival and stable graft function and was characterized by low levels of pro-inflammatory SIMs (CXCL8/9/10/12, CCL7, SCGF-β, sICAM-1), and high levels of regenerative (SCF, TNF-β) and pro-apoptotic (TRAIL) SIMs (all, p <0.001, fold change >100). Of note, this SIM signature appeared 2 weeks after pLT and remained stable over the entire year, pointing towards its potential as a novel early biomarker for minimizing or weaning immunosuppression. In the blood of these patients, a higher frequency of CD56bright natural killer cells (p <0.01), a known hallmark also associated with operationally tolerant pLT patients, was detected. The concordance of the model for prediction of rejection based on identified SIM signatures was 0.715, and 0.795, in combination with living-related transplantation as a covariate, respectively. CONCLUSIONS SIM blood signatures may enable the non-invasive and early assessment of rejection risks in the first year after pLT, paving the way for improved clinical management. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS ChilSFree represents the largest pediatric liver transplant (pLT) cohort with paired longitudinal data on soluble immune mediators (SIMs) and immune phenotyping in the first year after pLT. SIM signatures allow for the selection of rejection-free patients 2 weeks after pLT independently of patient diagnosis, sex, or age. The SIM signatures may enable the non-invasive and early assessment of rejection risks, paving the way for minimization or withdrawal of immunosuppression after pLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chichelnitskiy
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Imeke Goldschmidt
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MHH, Hannover, Germany; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Louisa Ruhl
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Veronika K Jaeger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andre Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Beushausen
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Keil
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane K Götz
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lorenzo D'Antiga
- Pediatric Department, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Italy; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Dominique Debray
- Pediatric liver unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Loreto Hierro
- Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Deirdre Kelly
- Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, and University of Birmingham, UK; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Valerie McLin
- Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Joanna Pawlowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders, and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafael T Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Michela Bravi
- Pediatric Department, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Italy; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Maja Klaudel-Dreszler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders, and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zeynep Demir
- Pediatric liver unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Carla Lloyd
- Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, and University of Birmingham, UK; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Simona Korff
- Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MHH, Hannover, Germany; European Pediatric Liver Transplantation Network, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, TTU-IICH Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Diamond T, Lau M, Morrissette J, Chu N, Behrens EM. CXCL9 inhibition does not ameliorate disease in murine models of both primary and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12298. [PMID: 37516815 PMCID: PMC10387083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a group of disorders culminating in systemic inflammation and multi-organ failure with high incidence of hepatic dysfunction. Overproduction of IFN-γ is the main immunopathological driver in this disorder. Monokine induced by IFN-γ (CXCL9) serves as a biomarker for disease activity and response to treatment in this disorder. However, very little is understood about the actual functional role of CXCL9 in pathogenesis in HLH. In the current study, we sought to determine the role of CXCL9 in pathogenesis in murine models of both Familial HLH (prf1-/-) and Toll Like Receptor (TLR) 9 repeated stimulation induced Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS), a form of secondary HLH. FHL and MAS were induced in both CXCL9 genetically deficient mice (cxcl9-/-) and controls as well as using AMG487, a pharmacological antagonist of the CXCL9 receptor, CXCR3. Results showed that CXCL9 genetic deficiency did not improve disease parameters or hepatitis in both models. Consistent with genetic ablation of CXCL9, inhibition of its receptor, CXCR3, by AMG487 did not show any significant effects in the FHL model. Taken together, inhibition of CXCL9-CXCR3 interaction does not ameliorate HLH physiology in general, or hepatitis as a classical target organ of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Diamond
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michelle Lau
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy Morrissette
- Department of Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niansheng Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bainrauch A, Šisl D, Markotić A, Ostojić A, Gašparov S, Bralić Lang V, Kovačić N, Grčević D, Mrzljak A, Kelava T. NOTCH3 rs1043996 Polymorphism Is Associated with the Occurrence of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Independently of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 Polymorphisms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194621. [PMID: 34640639 PMCID: PMC8509578 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is the most common indication for liver transplantation (LT) in Croatia and presents a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, genetic susceptibility has not yet been systematically studied. We aimed to investigate the contribution of the risk polymorphisms PNPLA3 rs738409, EGF rs4444903, TM6SF2 rs58542926, MTHFR rs1801133, previously identified in other populations and, additionally, the contribution of Notch-related polymorphisms (NOTCH1 rs3124591, NOTCH3 rs1043996 and rs1044116, NOTCH4 rs422951). The study included 401 patients. The ALC group consisted of 260 LT candidates, 128 of whom had histopathologically confirmed HCC, and 132 of whom were without HCC. The control group included 141 patients without liver disease. Genotyping was performed by PCR using Taqman assays. The patients' susceptibility to ALC was significantly associated with PNPLA3 rs738409, TM6SF2 rs58542926, and NOTCH3 rs1043996 polymorphisms. These polymorphisms remained significantly associated with ALC occurrence in a logistic regression model, even after additional model adjustment for sex and age. Cirrhotic patients with the PNPLA3 GG genotype demonstrated higher activity of ALT aminotransferases than patients with CC or CG genotypes. The susceptibility to the development of HCC in ALC was significantly associated with PNPLA3 rs738409 and EGF rs4444903 polymorphisms, and logistic regression confirmed these polymorphisms as independent predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bainrauch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dino Šisl
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (N.K.); (D.G.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Markotić
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Ostojić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Slavko Gašparov
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (N.K.); (D.G.)
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (N.K.); (D.G.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (T.K.); Tel.: +385-1-238-8888 (A.M.); +385-1-456-6945 (T.K.)
| | - Tomislav Kelava
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (N.K.); (D.G.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (T.K.); Tel.: +385-1-238-8888 (A.M.); +385-1-456-6945 (T.K.)
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Magri MC, Alvarez MSM, Iogi AA, Alves GM, Manchiero C, Dantas BP, Prata TVG, Nunes AKDS, Tengan FM. Study of CXCL9-11 gene polymorphisms in liver fibrosis among patients with chronic hepatitis C. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6105222. [PMID: 33476381 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several factors are associated with the progression of chronic hepatitis C: comorbidities, lifestyle, and pathogenic factors, including immune response, apoptosis and heredity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genes are more widely studied genetic risk factors, while CXCL9-11 chemokines produced by hepatocytes in the process of infection are less well studied. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921 and CXCL11 rs4619915 in liver fibrosis when analysed together with PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926. The study included 219 patients with chronic hepatitis C. SNP genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to detect the association between SNPs and advanced fibrosis in a recessive genetic model. All SNPs had a minimum allele frequency >5%, and CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921 and CXCL11 rs4619915 were in high linkage disequilibrium (D' ≥ 0.84). In the multivariate analysis, we observed that male gender (P = 0.000), older age (P = 0.025), moderate to intense inflammatory activity (P = 0.002), moderate to accentuated hepatic steatosis (P = 0.026) and the CT genotype of the TM6SF2 rs58542926 SNP (P = 0.014) presented significant associations with advanced fibrosis. Overall, the CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921, CXCL11 rs4619915 and PNPLA3 rs738409 SNPs did not influence liver fibrosis among patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cavalheiro Magri
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Stella Montanha Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anny Ayumi Iogi
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Grayce Mendes Alves
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Manchiero
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Peixoto Dantas
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Vaz Gago Prata
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arielle Karen da Silva Nunes
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima Mitiko Tengan
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Hepatologia por Virus (LIM-47), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255. Bairro Cerqueira Cesar. Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. CEP 05403-000
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5
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Kohut TJ, Barandiaran JF, Keating BJ. Genomics and Liver Transplantation: Genomic Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection. Liver Transpl 2020; 26:1337-1350. [PMID: 32506790 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a common complication in liver transplantation recipients (LTRs), especially within the first 12 months, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although abnormalities in standard liver biochemistries may raise the clinical suspicion for ACR, it lacks specificity, and invasive liver biopsies, which are associated with numerous risks, are required for definitive diagnoses. Biomarker discovery for minimally invasive tools for diagnosis and prognostication of ACR after liver transplantation (LT) has become a rapidly evolving field of research with a recent shift in focus to omics-based biomarker discovery. Although none are yet ready to replace the standard of care, there are several promising minimally invasive, blood-derived biomarkers that are under intensive research for the diagnosis of ACR in LTRs. These omics-based biomarkers, encompassing DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, hold tremendous potential. Some are likely to become integrated into ACR diagnostic algorithms to assist clinical decision making with a high degree of accuracy that is cost-effective and reduces or even obviates the need for an invasive liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisa J Kohut
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jose F Barandiaran
- Department of General Surgery, Main Line Health System, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Kelava T, Turcic P, Markotic A, Ostojic A, Sisl D, Mrzljak A. Importance of genetic polymorphisms in liver transplantation outcomes. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1273-1285. [PMID: 32256016 PMCID: PMC7109269 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i12.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although, liver transplantation serves as the only curative treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases, it is burdened with complications, which affect survival rates. In addition to clinical risk factors, contribution of recipient and donor genetic prognostic markers has been extensively studied in order to reduce the burden and improve the outcomes. Determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is one of the most important tools in development of personalized transplant approach. To provide a better insight in recent developments, we review the studies published in the last three years that investigated an association of recipient or donor SNPs with most common issues in liver transplantation: Acute cellular rejection, development of new-onset diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence, and tacrolimus concentration variability. Reviewed studies confirmed previously established SNP prognostic factors, such as PNPLA3 rs738409 for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development, or the role of CYP3A5 rs776746 in tacrolimus concentration variability. They also identified several novel SNPs, with a reasonably strong association, which have the potential to become useful predictors of post-transplant complications. However, as the studies were typically conducted in one center on relatively low-to-moderate number of patients, verification of the results in other centers is warranted to resolve these limitations. Furthermore, of 29 reviewed studies, 28 used gene candidate approach and only one implemented a genome wide association approach. Genome wide association multicentric studies are needed to facilitate the development of personalized transplant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Kelava
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Petra Turcic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonio Markotic
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Ostojic
- Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Dino Sisl
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Medicine, Merkur University Hospital; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Tabll AA, Afifi MS, El-Etrawy AAS, El-Kousy SM, Smolic M, El Abd YS. CXCL9 chemokine level is associated with spontaneous clearance and sustained virological response in Egyptian Chronic Hepatitis C patients receiving direct acting antivirals. Hum Antibodies 2020; 28:141-148. [PMID: 32675406 DOI: 10.3233/hab-190400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with progressive liver inflammation which in turn leads to cirrhosis and finally causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). By different escape mechanisms, the virus succeeds to evade the innate and acquired immune responses to establish chronic infection. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the level of chemokine CXCL9 and its correlation with some biochemical parameters in different subjects of HCV patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 83 persons participated in this study including healthy subjects without both HCV antibodies and HCV RNA (22.9%), HCV treated responders accomplished SVR post treatment, with HCV antibodies and absence of HCV RNA (24.1%), spontaneous or natural clearance patients, with positive HCV antibodies and negative HCV RNA without treatment (26.5%) and chronic HCV-patients, with both positive HCV antibodies and HCV RNA with no treatment (26.5%). HCV RNA was quantitated by real time PCR and serum CXCL9 level was measured by ELISA commercial kit pre-coated with human MIG/CXCL9 antibody. Assessment of biochemical and hematological parameters was carried out. RESULTS Data showed that, the level of CXCL9 was significantly increased in chronic individuals (627.1 pg/ml) (P< 0.001) than spontaneous clearance (107.76 pg/ml) and responder subjects (117.28 pg/ml) (P⩽ 0.05). No correlation has been found between CXCL9 level and viral load. Furthermore, CXCL9 levels correlated variably with some biochemical and hematological parameters according to each subject. CONCLUSION Serum Chemokine CXCL9 level is associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV and response to HCV treatment, which may be identified as a predictive marker among HCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh S Afifi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menufia University, Menufia, Egypt
| | - Abd-Allah S El-Etrawy
- Chemistry Department, Basic Science Center and Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Salah M El-Kousy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menufia University, Menufia, Egypt
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Yasmine S El Abd
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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