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Yoon S, Kondakala S, Foley SL, Moon MS, Huang MCJ, Periz G, Zang J, Katz LM, Kim SJ, Kweon O. Detection of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria from commercial tattoo and permanent makeup inks. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0027624. [PMID: 38953654 PMCID: PMC11267919 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00276-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tattooing and use of permanent makeup (PMU) have dramatically increased over the last decade, with a concomitant increase in ink-related infections. Studies have shown evidence that commercial tattoo and PMU inks are frequently contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Considering that tattoo inks are placed into the dermal layer of the skin where anaerobic bacteria can thrive and cause infections in low-oxygen environments, the prevalence of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria should be assessed in tattoo and PMU inks. In this study, we tested 75 tattoo and PMU inks using the analytical methods described in the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual Chapter 23 for the detection of both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial contamination, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbial identification. Of 75 ink samples, we found 26 contaminated samples with 34 bacterial isolates taxonomically classified into 14 genera and 22 species. Among the 34 bacterial isolates, 19 were identified as possibly pathogenic bacterial strains. Two species, namely Cutibacterium acnes (four strains) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (two strains) were isolated under anaerobic conditions. Two possibly pathogenic bacterial strains, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and C. acnes, were isolated together from the same ink samples (n = 2), indicating that tattoo and PMU inks can contain both aerobic (S. saprophyticus) and anaerobic bacteria (C. acnes). No significant association was found between sterility claims on the ink label and the absence of bacterial contamination. The results indicate that tattoo and PMU inks can also contain anaerobic bacteria. IMPORTANCE The rising popularity of tattooing and permanent makeup (PMU) has led to increased reports of ink-related infections. This study is the first to investigate the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in commercial tattoo and PMU inks under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Our findings reveal that unopened and sealed tattoo inks can harbor anaerobic bacteria, known to thrive in low-oxygen environments, such as the dermal layer of the skin, alongside aerobic bacteria. This suggests that contaminated tattoo inks could be a source of infection from both types of bacteria. The results emphasize the importance of monitoring these products for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including possibly pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Yoon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sandeep Kondakala
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Steven L. Foley
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mi Sun Moon
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei-Chiung Jo Huang
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Goran Periz
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Janet Zang
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda M. Katz
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Seong-Jae Kim
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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Lobo CB, Molina RDI, Moreno Mochi P, Vargas JM, Jure MÁ, Juárez Tomás MS. Safety attributes of Pseudomonas sp. P26, an environmental microorganism with potential application in contaminated environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123818. [PMID: 38508367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the selection of non-pathogenic microorganisms that lack clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance is crucial to bioaugmentation strategies. Pseudomonas sp. P26 (P26) is an environmental bacterium of interest due to its ability to remove aromatic compounds from petroleum, but its safety characteristics are still unknown. The study aimed to: a) determine P26 sensitivity to antimicrobials, b) investigate the presence of quinolone and β-lactam resistance genes, c) determine the presence of virulence factors, and d) evaluate the effect of P26 on the viability of Galleria mellonella (an invertebrate animal model). P26 antimicrobial sensitivity was determined in vitro using the Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method and the VITEK 2 automated system (BioMerieux®). Polymerase Chain Reaction was employed for the investigation of genes associated with quinolone resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, and carbapenemases. Hemolysin and protease production was determined in human blood agar and skimmed-milk agar, respectively. In the in vivo assay, different doses of P26 were injected into Galleria mellonella larvae and their survival was monitored daily. Control larvae injected with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (a strain considered as safe) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 (a pathogenic strain) were included. Pseudomonas sp. P26 was susceptible to most evaluated antimicrobials, except for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No epidemiologically relevant genes associated with quinolone and β-lactam resistance were identified. Hemolysin and protease production was only evidenced in the virulent strain (PA14). Furthermore, the results obtained in the in vivo experiment demonstrated that inocula less than 108 CFU/mL of P26 and P. putida KT2440 did not significantly affect larval survival, whereas larvae injected with the lowest dose of the pathogenic strain P. aeruginosa PA14 experienced instant mortality. The results suggest that Pseudomonas sp. P26 is a safe strain for its application in environmental bioremediation processes. Additional studies will be conducted to ensure the safety of this bacterium against other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Belén Lobo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Rocío Daniela Inés Molina
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Paula Moreno Mochi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Certificado (LABACER), Cátedra de Bacteriología, Instituto de Microbiología Luis Verna, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Juan Martín Vargas
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Certificado (LABACER), Cátedra de Bacteriología, Instituto de Microbiología Luis Verna, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Ángela Jure
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Certificado (LABACER), Cátedra de Bacteriología, Instituto de Microbiología Luis Verna, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Silvina Juárez Tomás
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Mena Navarro MP, Espinosa Bernal MA, Alvarado Osuna C, Ramos López MÁ, Amaro Reyes A, Arvizu Gómez JL, Pacheco Aguilar JR, Saldaña Gutiérrez C, Pérez Moreno V, Rodríguez Morales JA, García Gutiérrez MC, Álvarez Hidalgo E, Nuñez Ramírez J, Hernández Flores JL, Campos Guillén J. A Study of Resistome in Mexican Chili Powder as a Public Health Risk Factor. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:182. [PMID: 38391568 PMCID: PMC10886038 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chili powder is an important condiment around the world. However, according to various reports, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms could present a public health risk factor during its consumption. Therefore, microbiological quality assessment is required to understand key microbial functional traits, such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterize the comprehensive profiles of the bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 15 chili powder samples from different regions of Mexico. The initial bacterial load showed aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) ranging between 6 × 103 and 7 × 108 CFU/g, sporulated mesophilic bacteria (SMB) from 4.3 × 103 to 2 × 109 CFU/g, and enterobacteria (En) from <100 to 2.3 × 106 CFU/g. The most representative families in the samples were Bacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, in which 18 potential pathogen-associated species were detected. In total, the resistome profile in the chili powder contained 68 unique genes, which conferred antibiotic resistance distributed in 13 different classes. Among the main classes of antibiotic resistance genes with a high abundance in almost all the samples were those related to multidrug, tetracycline, beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and phenicol resistance. Our findings reveal the utility of mNGS in elucidating microbiological quality in chili powder to reduce the public health risks and the spread of potential pathogens with antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Paola Mena Navarro
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Alvarado Osuna
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramos López
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Aldo Amaro Reyes
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Jackeline Lizzeta Arvizu Gómez
- Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología (CENITT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63173, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Saldaña Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias S/N, Querétaro 76220, Mexico
| | - Victor Pérez Moreno
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | | | | | - Erika Álvarez Hidalgo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Jorge Nuñez Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Campos Guillén
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
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Duman M, Woo SJ, Altun S, Satıcıoğlu IB. Tentative Epidemiological Cut-Off Values and Distribution of Resistance Genes in Aquatic Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Rainbow Trout. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:157. [PMID: 37000274 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological cut-off value (ECV) analysis for commonly used antimicrobials in aquaculture have not been established for many aquatic pathogens, including Pseudomonas. This study was the first to examine the categorization of 92 aquatic Pseudomonas isolates by calculating seven antimicrobials ECVs using two analytical methods: normalized resistance interpretation and ECOFFinder. Pseudomonas spp. isolates had decreased sensitivity to all antimicrobials examined except for doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. The PCR analysis of the 91 isolates of Pseudomonas spp. detected the tetracycline genes are predominant with the count of 41 genes, including tetA, tetC, tetD, tetM, tetS and tetH, following sulfonamide genes are in 21 isolates including sul1 and sul2, floR gene in 15 isolates and ermA gene in three isolates. Our findings provide an understanding of the antimicrobial categorization of Pseudomonas species, which are significant groups, subgroups, and species for aquaculture due to insufficiently defined breakpoints or cut-off values reported in CLSI and/or EUCAST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Duman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Soo-Ji Woo
- Aquaculture Industry Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung, 25435, Korea.
| | - Soner Altun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Izzet Burçin Satıcıoğlu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
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Ioannou P, Alexakis K, Maraki S, Kofteridis DP. Pseudomonas Bacteremia in a Tertiary Hospital and Factors Associated with Mortality. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040670. [PMID: 37107032 PMCID: PMC10135004 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the third most commonly identified cause among gram-negative microorganisms causing bloodstream infection (BSI) and carries a very high mortality, higher than that by other gram-negative pathogens. The aim of the present study was to assess the epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of patients with BSI by Pseudomonas spp. in a tertiary hospital, characterize the resistance rates of different Pseudomonas strains to the most clinically relevant anti-microbials, estimate the mortality rate, and identify factors independently associated with mortality. In total, 540 cultures from 419 patients sent to the microbiology department of the hospital during the 8-year period of the study were positive. Patients had a median age of 66 years, and 262 (62.5%) were male. The blood culture was drawn in the ICU in 201 of the patients (48%). The infection was hospital-acquired in 329 patients (78.5%) and the median hospital day when the blood culture was drawn was 15, with a range of 0 to 267 days. Median duration of stay in the hospital was 36 days, hospital mortality was 44.2% (185 patients), and 30-day mortality was 29.6% (124 patients). The most commonly isolated Pseudomonas species were P. aeruginosa followed by P. putida and P. oryzihabitans. There was a statistically significant reduction of P. aeruginosa isolation relative to non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas species in the post-COVID-19 era. Antimicrobial resistance of P. aeruginosa in clinically relevant antimicrobials with anti-pseudomonal activity was similar before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic with the exception of gentamicin and tobramycin, with P. aeruginosa being more susceptible to these two antimicrobials in the post-COVID-19 era. Rates of multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensively-drug resistant (XDR), and difficult-to-treat (DTR) P. aeruginosa isolation were lower after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, even though a carbapenem-focused antimicrobial stewardship program had been implemented in the meantime. Increased age, ICU-acquisition of BSI, and more days in the hospital when positive blood culture was drawn were positively associated with 30-day mortality of patients with Pseudomonas BSI. The fact that rates of MDR, XDR, and DTR P. aeruginosa isolation were lower late in the study period, with a carbapenem-focused antimicrobial stewardship intervention being implemented in the meantime, further increases the understanding that implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions may halt the increase in antimicrobial resistance noted previously.
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Franco R, de Oliveira Santos IC, Mora MFM, López PVA, Alvarez VET, Arce FHO, Lird G, Silvagni M, Kawabata A, Fariña MCR, Fernández MFA, Oliveira TRTE, Rocha-de-Souza CM, Assef APDAC. Genotypic characterization and clonal relatedness of metallo-β-lactamase-producing non-fermentative gram negative bacteria in the first 5 years of their circulation in Paraguay (2011-2015). Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:179-190. [PMID: 36564646 PMCID: PMC9943808 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and species of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumanii complex are multiresistant intrahospital opportunistic pathogens, able to acquire carbapenemases and produce outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality. Pseudomonas putida has also emerged with similar characteristics. The aim of this research was to characterize the Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) detected by surveillance in Paraguay in the first 5 years of their circulation in hospitals. The coexistence of KPC and OXA-type carbapenemases was also investigated. 70 MBL-producing strains from inpatients were detected from clinical samples and rectal swab from 11 hospitals. The strains were identified by manual, automated, and molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by Kirby-Bauer and automated methods, while colistin susceptibility was determined by broth macrodilution. MBLs were investigated by synergy with EDTA against carbapenems and PCR, and their variants by sequencing. KPC and OXA-carbapenemases were investigated by PCR. Clonality was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results demonstrated the circulation of blaVIM-2 (60%), blaNDM-1 (36%), and blaIMP-18 (4%). The MBL-producing species were P. putida (45.7%), P. aeruginosa (17.2%), A. baumannii (24.3%), A. pittii (5.7%), A. nosocomialis, (4.3%) A. haemolyticus (1.4%), and A. bereziniae (1.4%). PFGE analysis showed one dominant clone for A. baumannii, a predominant clone for half of the strains of P. aeruginosa, and a polyclonal spread for P. putida. In the first 5 years of circulation in Paraguay, MBLs were disseminated as unique variants per genotype, appeared only in Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., probably through horizontal transmission between species and vertical by some successful clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franco
- Sección Antimicrobianos-Departamento de Bacteriología y Micología, Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Patricia Violeta Araújo López
- Sección Antimicrobianos-Departamento de Bacteriología y Micología, Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Vivian Estela Takahasi Alvarez
- Departamento de Laboratorio, Servicio de Microbiologia. Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Flavia Helena Ortiz Arce
- Centro Materno Infantil, Hospital de Clínicas, Campus San Lorenzo, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Microbiología, Laboratorio Central del Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas-Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Graciela Lird
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Micología, Laboratorio Central Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas-Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Marlene Silvagni
- Servicio de Microbiología. Instituto de Previsión Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Anibal Kawabata
- Sección de Bacteriología, Hospital de Trauma “Dr. Manuel Giagni”, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - María Carolina Rojas Fariña
- Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Laboratorio de Microbiología - Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Mirna Fabiola Agüero Fernández
- Servicio de Bacteriología y Micología, Hospital General Pediatrico Niños de Acosta Ñú, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Claudio M. Rocha-de-Souza
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Infecção Hospitalar (LAPIH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Río de Janeiro, Brazil
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Biswal M, Gupta P, Singh C, Vig S, Saini PS. Bacterial diversity of hospital water tanks and the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide based cleaning: Experience in a tertiary care center in India. Am J Infect Control 2023; 51:18-22. [PMID: 35605751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital water is often an overlooked yet preventable source of hospital-acquired infections. CDC recommends annual cleaning of water reservoirs in health care settings. In our tertiary care hospital, periodic disinfection and microbiological surveillance of all the water tanks in hospital premises is carried out. The aim of this paper is to report the diversity of bacterial flora noted and the role of cleaning method adopted in our hospital. METHODS This retrospective study was carried out from July 2015 to September 2020. Tanks were cleaned using hydrogen peroxide based method and swabs were collected, pre- and post-cleaning. Any growth noted was identified using MALDI-TOF MS. RESULTS A total of 398 swabs were collected during this period. In pre-cleaning samples, 144 (72%) showed growth of 219 microorganisms. Gram-negative organisms (53.7%, 116/216) were more frequently isolated than Gram-positive organisms (46.3%, 100/216). Although the overwhelming majority is generally regarded as non-pathogenic, a few pathogenic bacteria were also recovered. No bacteria were isolated in any of the post-cleaning samples. CONCLUSIONS Diverse bacteria colonize water tanks over time, some of which are known to cause infections. Hydrogen peroxide is a simple and highly efficacious method of water tank disinfection. More such studies are required with other disinfectants to generate evidence with the ultimate aim of increasing safety of water supplied in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Biswal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Parakriti Gupta
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Charu Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shashi Vig
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P S Saini
- Department of Engineering, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Characterization of a Carbapenem-Resistant BKC-1-Producing Clinical Isolate Belonging to the Pseudomonas putida Group from Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0083922. [PMID: 36377877 PMCID: PMC9765262 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00839-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first report, the class A Brazilian Klebsiella carbapenemase (BKC) has been detected only among Enterobacterales isolates from Brazilian hospitals. In this study, we characterized a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas juntendi clinical isolate and identified a 43.3-kb plasmid carrying blaBKC-1 and a class 1 integron (In1996) containing the arr-2, qnrVC1, dfrA21, and aac(6')-Ib' gene cassettes. Our results confirm the ability of Pseudomonas putida group isolates to acquire antimicrobial resistance determinants and further act as resistance reservoirs.
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Baykal H, Çelik D, Ülger AF, Vezir S, Güngör MÖ. Clinical features, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance of pseudomonas putida isolates. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32145. [PMID: 36482647 PMCID: PMC9726331 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida rarely results in infection, primarily in patients undergoing invasive procedures or immunocompromised hosts. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of Pseudomonas putida infections. This is a retrospectively designed cross-sectional observational study. We retrospectively scanned the data from our hospital for the 10 years before February 15, 2022. The patients with Pseudomonas putida growth in the microbiological cultures and with antibiotic susceptibility tests were included in the study. We recorded culture isolates types, age, gender, comorbidities, immunosuppressive factors, symptoms, invasive medical procedures, length of hospital stay, and radiological findings. The mean age of the patients was 66.2 ± 14.5 years, and the male patients predominated (76.3%, n = 58/76). There was growth in bronchial lavage in 33 patients, sputum in 28, pleural effusion fluid in 12, and tracheal aspirate in 3 patients. The rate of antibiotic-resistant strains was 56.6% (n = 43). All strains were sensitive to colistin (100%), and carbapenem, amikacin, and gentamicin sensitivity rates were high. We observed that the risk of antibiotic resistance increased 4.29 times in the patients in the intensive care unit (Cl:1.27-14.47, P = .01). The patients with Diabetes Mellitus had a higher risk (OR 4.33, Cl:1.11-16.77, P = .03), and in cancer cases, the risk was 3.31 times higher (Cl:1.06-10.32, P = .03). The risk of Pseudomonas putida infection should be considered, particularly in patients with comorbid disorders causing immunosuppression, including Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüsnü Baykal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Çelik
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
- * Correspondence: Deniz Çelik, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, No:80 Alanya-Antalya 07425, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - A. Füsun Ülger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sedat Vezir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Ömür Güngör
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhao J, Lu X, Tie A, Ngegba E, Wang L, Sun L, Liang Y, Abdulai MK, Bah S, Wang G, Dong X, Harding D, Kan B. Molecular diagnostics and next-generation sequencing reveal real etiological characteristics of invasive Salmonella infection in febrile illness in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1416-1424. [PMID: 35537043 PMCID: PMC9132402 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2076612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Invasive Salmonella infection, which can cause typhoid/paratyphoid fever and invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis, is a public health burden in Africa. Accurate diagnosis and etiological characterization are required to conduct prevalence and risk estimations for Salmonella infection; however, the utilization of optimal techniques and surveillance data are still insufficient. In this study, we performed a laboratory-based survey in Freetown, which is the biggest city in Sierra Leone with a high burden of typhoid fever, by using blood culture and molecular methods but not the Widal test, to estimate the prevalence and aetiology of invasive Salmonella infection among fever patients. We found a very low prevalence of typhoid fever in patients with fever during the investigation period, and this prevalence was clearly overestimated by the Widal test. Genome sequencing of the S. Typhi isolate from this work revealed that the strain carried multiple antibiotic resistance genes, and an epidemic clone that has existed in West Africa for years was also detected in Sierra Leone. By using metagenomic sequencing, one patient with invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis was identified as having bacterial co-infections. Our data highlight that Salmonella surveillance based on accurate laboratory diagnosis and genome sequencing needs to be strengthened to provide a better estimation of the real epidemics and enable potential risk assessment by etiological analysis in Africa. Even in a laboratory with only basic equipment, it is possible to conduct next-generation sequencing for pathogen discovery in bloodstream infections and to determine the etiological characteristics of pathogene without complex combinations of laboratory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Alie Tie
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Esther Ngegba
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael K Abdulai
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sununu Bah
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Doris Harding
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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RclS Sensor Kinase Modulates Virulence of Pseudomonas capeferrum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158232. [PMID: 35897798 PMCID: PMC9331949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction systems are the key players of bacterial adaptation and survival. The orthodox two-component signal transduction systems perceive diverse environmental stimuli and their regulatory response leads to cellular changes. Although rarely described, the unorthodox three-component systems are also implemented in the regulation of major bacterial behavior such as the virulence of clinically relevant pathogen P. aeruginosa. Previously, we described a novel three-component system in P. capeferrum WCS358 (RclSAR) where the sensor kinase RclS stimulates the intI1 transcription in stationary growth phase. In this study, using rclS knock-out mutant, we identified RclSAR regulon in P. capeferrum WCS358. The RNA sequencing revealed that activity of RclSAR signal transduction system is growth phase dependent with more pronounced regulatory potential in early stages of growth. Transcriptional analysis emphasized the role of RclSAR in global regulation and indicated the involvement of this system in regulation of diverse cellular activities such as RNA binding and metabolic and biocontrol processes. Importantly, phenotypic comparison of WCS358 wild type and ΔrclS mutant showed that RclS sensor kinase contributes to modulation of antibiotic resistance, production of AHLs and siderophore as well as host cell adherence and cytotoxicity. Finally, we proposed the improved model of interplay between RclSAR, RpoS and LasIR regulatory systems in P. capeferrum WCS358.
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12
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Picollo M, Ferraro DK, Pérez G, Reijtman V, Gomez S, Garcia ME, Mastroianni A, Rosanova MT. Pseudomonas putida bacteremia in pediatric patients: A case series study. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 41:221-224. [PMID: 35907772 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas act as opportunistic pathogens. Pseudomonas putida has been considered a pathogen of low virulence and susceptible to multiple antibiotics, but in recent years resistant strains have emerged. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics, evolution and antibiotic resistance of P. putida bacteremia documented in pediatric hospitalized patients. METHODS Retrospective cases series. Pediatric patients admitted to the Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan Hospital of Buenos Aires City, Argentina, with isolation in blood cultures of P. putida were included, between August 2015 and August 2020. RESULTS Sample consisting of 13 patients. Median age: 81 months (IQR 15-163). Ten of the patients were immunocompromised (77%), 11 (85%) had a central venous catheter, 2 (15%) received transfusions prior to the episode of bacteremia, and 6 (46%) had had an invasive procedure within the previous 30 days. Three patients (23%) presented bacteremia secondary to clinical focus and 10 (77%) had central venous catheter-associated bacteremia. All presented fever, 62% (8) evolved with sepsis and 15% (2) with septic shock. Two patients required admission to the intensive care unit (15%), and in 7 (54%) the central venous catheter was removed. None died. The median days of treatment was 14 (IQR 10-14). Resistance to carbapenems was 30%. CONCLUSION All children had underlying comorbidities, most of them immunocompromised. Catheter-associated infection predominated. The sensitivity to antibiotics was variable. Given the emergence of multi-resistant strains, it is essential to know the local epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Picollo
- Epidemiological Control and Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría SAMIC Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Daiana Karina Ferraro
- Epidemiological Control and Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría SAMIC Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Pérez
- Epidemiological Control and Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría SAMIC Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Reijtman
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría SAMIC Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Gomez
- Epidemiological Control and Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría SAMIC Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Eva Garcia
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría SAMIC Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Mastroianni
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría SAMIC Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Rosanova
- Epidemiological Control and Infectious Disease Service, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría SAMIC Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Urbanowicz P, Izdebski R, Biedrzycka M, Literacka E, Hryniewicz W, Gniadkowski M. Genomic Epidemiology of MBL-Producing Pseudomonas putida Group Isolates in Poland. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1725-1740. [PMID: 35689153 PMCID: PMC9334476 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudomonas putida group are described as low-incidence opportunistic pathogens, but also as a significant reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including those of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). Our objective was the molecular and genomic characterization of MBL-producing P. putida (MPPP) group isolates from Poland, focusing on population structures, successful genotypes and MBL-encoding integrons. Methods During a country-wide MBL surveillance in Pseudomonas spp., 59 non-duplicate MPPP isolates were collected from 36 hospitals in 23 towns from 2003 to 2016. All of the isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS), followed by species identification, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic/clonality analysis, resistome determination, and susceptibility testing. Results The study collection comprised 12 species, of which P. alloputida (n = 19), P. monteilii (n = 15), and P. asiatica (n = 11) prevailed, while the others were P. kurunegalensis, P. putida, P. soli, P. mosselii, P. juntendi, and four potentially new species. MLST classified the isolates into 23 sequence types (STs) of which 21 were new, with three main clones, namely P. alloputida ST69, P.monteilii ST95 and P. asiatica ST15. The isolates produced VIM-like MBLs only, largely VIM-2 (n = 40), encoded by 24 different class 1 integrons (ten new), a number of which occurred also in P. aeruginosa and/or Enterobacterales in Poland. The plasmid pool was dominated by IncP-9, IncP-2, and pMOS94-like types. Multiple isolates were extensively drug-resistant. Conclusions This study, being one of the most comprehensive analyses of MPPP so far, has shown high diversity of the isolates in general, with three apparently international lineages, each internally diversified by MBL-encoding structures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-022-00659-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Urbanowicz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Radosław Izdebski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Biedrzycka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Literacka
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, The National Reference Centre for Susceptibility Testing, National Medicines Institute, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, The National Reference Centre for Susceptibility Testing, National Medicines Institute, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Gniadkowski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
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Laborda P, Hernando-Amado S, Martínez JL, Sanz-García F. Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:117-143. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Picollo M, Ferraro DK, Pérez G, Reijtman V, Gomez S, Garcia ME, Mastroianni A, Rosanova MT. Bacteriemia por Pseudomonas putida en niños: serie de casos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Schito AM, Piatti G, Caviglia D, Zuccari G, Zorzoli A, Marimpietri D, Alfei S. Bactericidal Activity of Non-Cytotoxic Cationic Nanoparticles against Clinically and Environmentally Relevant Pseudomonas spp. Isolates. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1411. [PMID: 34575487 PMCID: PMC8465415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficult-to-treat bacterial infections caused by resistant human and plant pathogens severely afflict hospitals, and concern the agri-food sectors. Bacteria from the Pseudomonadaceae family, such as P. aeruginosa, P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. straminea, can be responsible for severe nosocomial infections in humans. P. fragi is the major cause of dairy and meat spoilage, while P. syringae can infect a wide range of economically important plant species, including tobacco, kiwi, and tomato. Therefore, a cationic water-soluble lysine dendrimer (G5-PDK) was tested on several species of Pseudomonas genus. Interestingly, G5-PDK demonstrated variable minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), depending on their pigment production, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.6-> 6.4 µM), MICs = 3.2-6.4 µM on P. putida clinical isolates producing pyoverdine, and very low MICs (0.2-1.6 µM) on strains that produced non-pigmented colonies. Time-kill experiments established the rapid bactericidal activity of G5-PDK. In the cytotoxicity experiments on human keratinocytes, after 4 h of treatment with G5-PDK at concentrations 16-500 × MIC, more than 80% of viable cells were observed, and after 24 h, the selectivity indices were maintained above the maximum value reported as acceptable. Due to its proven bactericidal potency and low cytotoxicity, G5-PDK should be seriously considered to counteract clinically and environmentally relevant Pseudomonas isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Gabriella Piatti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (A.M.S.); (G.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessia Zorzoli
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
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Sanz-García F, Gil-Gil T, Laborda P, Ochoa-Sánchez LE, Martínez JL, Hernando-Amado S. Coming from the Wild: Multidrug Resistant Opportunistic Pathogens Presenting a Primary, Not Human-Linked, Environmental Habitat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8080. [PMID: 34360847 PMCID: PMC8347278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use and misuse of antibiotics have made antibiotic-resistant bacteria widespread nowadays, constituting one of the most relevant challenges for human health at present. Among these bacteria, opportunistic pathogens with an environmental, non-clinical, primary habitat stand as an increasing matter of concern at hospitals. These organisms usually present low susceptibility to antibiotics currently used for therapy. They are also proficient in acquiring increased resistance levels, a situation that limits the therapeutic options for treating the infections they cause. In this article, we analyse the most predominant opportunistic pathogens with an environmental origin, focusing on the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance they present. Further, we discuss the functions, beyond antibiotic resistance, that these determinants may have in the natural ecosystems that these bacteria usually colonize. Given the capacity of these organisms for colonizing different habitats, from clinical settings to natural environments, and for infecting different hosts, from plants to humans, deciphering their population structure, their mechanisms of resistance and the role that these mechanisms may play in natural ecosystems is of relevance for understanding the dissemination of antibiotic resistance under a One-Health point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José L. Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.S.-G.); (T.G.-G.); (P.L.); (L.E.O.-S.); (S.H.-A.)
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18
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Fanelli F, Caputo L, Quintieri L. Phenotypic and genomic characterization of Pseudomonas putida ITEM 17297 spoiler of fresh vegetables: Focus on biofilm and antibiotic resistance interaction. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:74-82. [PMID: 33718885 PMCID: PMC7932912 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida is widely recognized as a spoiler of fresh foods under cold storage, and recently associated also with infections in clinical settings. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could be acquired and transmitted by horizontal genetic transfer and further increase the risk associated with its persistence in food and the need to be deeper investigated. Thus, in this work we presented a genomic and phenotypic analysis of the psychrotrophic P. putida ITEM 17297 to provide new insight into AR mechanisms by this species until now widely studied only for its spoilage traits. ITEM 17297 displayed resistance to several classes of antibiotics and it also formed huge amounts of biofilm; this latter registered increases at 15 °C in comparison to the optimum growth condition (30 °C). After ITEM 17297 biofilms exposure to antibiotic concentrations higher than 10-fold their MIC values no eradication occurred; interestingly, biomasses of biofilm cultivated at 15 °C increased their amount in a dose-dependent manner. Genomic analyses revealed determinants (RND-systems, ABC-transporters, and MFS-efflux pumps) for multi-drugs resistance (β-lactams, macrolides, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, fusidic acid and bacitracin) and a novel ampC allele. Biofilm and motility related pathways were depicted underlying their contribution to AR. Based on these results, underestimated psychrotrophic pseudomonas, such as the herein studied ITEM 17297 strain, might assume relevance in relation to the risk associated with the transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes to humans through cold stored contaminated foods. P. putida biofilm and AR related molecular targets herein identified will provide a basis to clarify the interaction between AR and biofilm formation and to develop novel strategies to counteract the persistence of multidrug resistant P. putida in the food chain. Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas putida ITEM 17297 was isolated from fresh vegetables. Determinants for AR and biofilm formation were identified by genomic analysis. Biofilm increased more than 10-fold antibiotic MIC value of planktonic cells. Cold adapted biofilm increased its biomass under CHL, NA, and ERY pressure. New insight into the risk for P. putida spread in the food chain were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, V. G. Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caputo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, V. G. Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Quintieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, V. G. Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
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