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Gu C, Can C, Liu J, Wei Y, Yang X, Guo X, Wang R, Jia W, Liu W, Ma D. The genetic polymorphisms of immune-related genes contribute to the susceptibility and survival of lymphoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:14960-14978. [PMID: 37329186 PMCID: PMC10417154 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though immunological abnormalities have been proven involved in the pathogenesis of lymphoma, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS We investigated 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 21 immune-related genes and explored their roles in lymphoma. The genotyping assay of the selected SNPs was used by the Massarray platform. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the associations of SNPs and the susceptibility of lymphoma or clinical characteristics of lymphoma patients. In addition, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was used to further analyze the relationships with the survival of lymphoma patients and candidate SNPs, and the significant difference between genotypes was verified by the expression of RNA. RESULTS By comparing 245 lymphoma patients with 213 healthy controls, we found eight important SNPs related to the susceptibility of lymphoma, which were involved in JAK-STAT, NF-κB and other functional pathways. We further analyzed the relationships between SNPs and clinical characteristics. Our results showed that both IL6R (rs2228145) and STAT5B (rs6503691) significantly contributed to the Ann Arbor stages of lymphoma. And the STAT3 (rs744166), IL2 (rs2069762), IL10 (rs1800871), and PARP1 (rs907187) manifested a significant relationship with the peripheral blood counts in lymphoma patients. More importantly, the IFNG (rs2069718) and IL12A (rs6887695) were associated with the overall survival (OS) of lymphoma patients remarkably, and the adverse effects of GC genotypes could not be offset by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison in rs6887695 especially. Moreover, we determined that the mRNA expression levels of IFNG and IL12A were significantly decreased in patients with shorter-OS genotypes. CONCLUSIONS We used multiple methods of analysis to predict the correlations between lymphoma susceptibility, clinical characteristics or OS with SNPs. Our findings reveal that immune-related genetic polymorphisms contribute to the prognosis and treatment of lymphoma, which may serve as promising predictive targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Gu
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Can Can
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jinting Liu
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yihong Wei
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenbo Jia
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wancheng Liu
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of HematologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
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Chen N, Dai Y, He J, Zhou M, Sun H, Lin L, Gao F, Lin H, Yan Q. The association between C509T, T869C, G915C gene polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-β1 and systemic lupus erythematosus risk: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33321. [PMID: 36930071 PMCID: PMC10019118 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF- β1) gene polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported in many studies, but there were still controversies with regard to their conclusions. METHODS Relevant documents were retrieved from 5 electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and China national knowledge infrastructure. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the relationship between TGF-β1 genetic variation and SLE. RESULTS The present meta-analysis included 12 case-control studies with 1308 SLE patients and 1714 healthy controls. The results of the combined analyses showed that TGF-β1 C509T polymorphism showed no association with SLE risk (TC vs CC: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.91-1.48, PHeterogeneity (PH) = 0.579; TT vs CC: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.63-2.09, PH = 0.003; T vs C: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.8-1.45, PH = 0.003; TC/TT vs CC: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.93-1.46, PH = 0.133; and TT vs TC/CC: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.64-1.76, PH = 0.004). TGF-β1 G915C and T869C polymorphisms were not linked with SLE risk. Moreover, subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealed no significant correlation of TGF-β1 T869C, C509T, G915C polymorphisms with SLE risk. CONCLUSION TGF-β1 T869C, C509T, G915C polymorphisms might not be associated with the development of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yijun Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Branch of Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - He Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Ferreira J, Oliveira M, Bicho M, Serejo F. Role of Inflammatory/Immune Response and Cytokine Polymorphisms in the Severity of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) before and after Direct Acting Antiviral (DAAs) Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1380. [PMID: 36674897 PMCID: PMC9865726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Host regulatory immune response is involved in the hepatic inflammatory process caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aimed to determine if HCV clearance with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) changes the hepatic fibrosis stage, biochemical parameters of liver injury, and inflammatory/immune responses. Sample: 329 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, 134 of them treated with DAAs. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by transient elastography (FibroScan), biochemical and cellular parameters were determined by standard methods, cytokine concentration by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), and genetic polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) or endpoint genotyping. Before DAA treatment, severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (F3/4) was associated with higher values of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and genotypes transforming growth factor-beta-509 C/T_CC (TGF-β-509 C/T_CC), interleukine-10-1082 T/C_CC (IL-10-1082 T/C_CC), and IL-10-592 G/T_GT. After DAA treatment, fewer F3/4 patients and lower values of TNF-α were found. Patients with TNF-α-308 G/A_GG and IL-10-592 G/T_GT were at risk for F3/4. Lack of improvement of liver fibrosis was associated with lower baseline values of platelet count for genotypes TNF-α-308 G/A_GG and haplotype TT/GG of IL-10-1082 T/C and IL-10-592 G/T. Our study showed decreased liver fibrosis/inflammation and normalization of liver injury biomarkers after DAA treatment. It also points to the importance of suppressing the pro-inflammatory response by DAAs in the resolution of hepatitis C, contributing to the improvement of liver damage evaluated by transient elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- Institute for Scientific Research Bento Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento da Rocha Cabral 14, 1250-012 Lisboa, Portugal
- ISAMB, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Institute for Scientific Research Bento Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento da Rocha Cabral 14, 1250-012 Lisboa, Portugal
- ISAMB, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Institute for Scientific Research Bento Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento da Rocha Cabral 14, 1250-012 Lisboa, Portugal
- ISAMB, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fátima Serejo
- ISAMB, Genetics Laboratory, Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Santana ITS, dos Santos JNA, de Almeida VL, Ferreira WNS, Santos EM, de Almeida Freitas R, Pinto CCK, de Carvalho Barreto ID, de Matos FR. Association of PON1, TNF-α and TGF-β gene polymorphisms with prognosis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:327-334. [PMID: 33587860 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1850856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) accounts for 90-95% of tumours in the oral cavity. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region of PON1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) have been associated with to development of different cancers. Our aim was to investigate the prognostic value of PON1 (rs854560 and rs662), TNF-α (rs1800629 and rs361525) and TGF-β (rs1800469) SNPs in OOSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We genotyped 163 OOSCC patients and 146 patients from group of control for PON1 (rs854560 and rs662), TNF-α (rs1800629 and rs361525) and TGF-β (rs1800469) SNPs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS TNF-α (rs1800629) GG genotype was significantly more frequent in intraoral lesions and clinical stages III and IV, while the polymorphic AA genotype in lip lesion and clinical stages I and II. Moreover, TGF-β (rs1800469) AG and AA genotypes were significantly more frequent in larger tumours (T3 e T4). TNF-α (rs1800629) AG genotype had poor survival and patients carrying the PON1 (rs662) TT genotype tended to poor survival. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the rs1800629 and rs1800469 could exert influence in the more aggressive behaviour of OOSCC and the genotypes AG of rs1800629, and TT of rs662 could be markers with prognostic value in OOSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Rodrigues de Matos
- Applied Sciences to Health, Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
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Apu MNH, Aktar MN, Rahman MM, Mostaid MS. Association of TGFB1 gene polymorphisms with cervical cancer in Bangladeshi women: A case-control study. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:27-35. [PMID: 33935123 DOI: 10.3233/tub-200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer in relation to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) gene polymorphisms has not been investigated extensively among the women in Bangladesh. So, the aim of this study was to find out the correlation of the polymorphisms of TGFB1 C509T (rs1800469) and T869C (rs1800470) with the risk of cervical cancer among the Bangladeshi women. STUDY DESIGN 134 cervical cancer patients and 102 age-sex matched healthy controls were included from two institutions in Bangladesh. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used for genotyping two TGFB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms C509T (rs1800469) and T869C (rs1800470) in patients and controls. RESULTS No significant correlation was found between polymorphisms C509T (rs1800469) and T869C (rs1800470) of TGFB1 gene with cervical cancer in Bangladeshi women. In case of the cervical cancer patients who had first degree relatives with cancer were prone to carry the polymorphic version of the TGFB1 gene polymorphism at C509T (OR = 5.597, 95% CI = 1.224-25.597, p < 0.05) but may not result in the increase of developing cervical cancer. CONCLUSION In summary, two polymorphisms C509T and T869C of TGFB1 gene may not be associated with cervical cancer risk in Bangladeshi women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most Nasrin Aktar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Morshadur Rahman
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shaki Mostaid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zeng H, Wan W, Li J, He C. TGF-β1 +869T/C (rs1982073) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 87:66-74. [PMID: 33632596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease that affects about 1% of the world's population. The conclusions about the relationship between TGF gene polymorphism and the risk of RA are still inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. METHOD We performed a systematic electronic search in PubMed, Embase, Elsevier, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Medline and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (up to August 2020). In the subgroup analysis, we divide the research into three groups: Asian, European and Mediterranean, The combined OR and 95%CI of the five models (allele model, homozygous model, heterozygous model, dominant model, recessive model) were calculated, respectively. RESULTS 15 case-control studies (14 articles) were involved in this meta-analysis, including 2103 cases and 2143 healthy controls. In the overall analysis, it showed that there may be an significant association between TGF-β1+869T/C polymorphism and RA sensitivity (allele model, T vs. C: OR=1.444, 95% CI=1.171-1.782, P=0.001; homozygous model, TT vs. CC: OR=1.910, 95% CI=1.322-2.761, P=0.001; heterozygous model, CT vs. CC: OR=1.558, 95% CI=1.179-2.059,P=0.002; dominant model, TT+CT vs. CC: OR= 1.742, 95% CI=1.303-2.329, P=0.001; recessive model, TT vs. CT+CC: OR=1.400, 95% CI= 1.058-1.852, P=0.018).However, the results of ethnic subgroup analysis indicated that rs1982073 was not associated with RA risk in Europeans(allele model, T vs. C: OR=0.993, 95% CI=0.849-1.162, P=0.931, I2 <0.1%, P>0.1). CONCLUSION In summary, our meta-analysis showed that the rs1982073 T allele does not increase RA susceptibility in Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Wuniu Wan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chengsong He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Abolfathi H, Sheikhpour M, Shahraeini SS, Khatami S, Nojoumi SA. Studies in lung cancer cytokine proteomics: a review. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:49-64. [PMID: 33612047 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1892491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteins are molecules that have role in the progression of the diseases. Proteomics is a tool that can play an effective role in identifying diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for lung cancer. Cytokines are proteins that play a decisive role in activating body's immune system in lung cancer. They can increase the growth of the tumor (oncogenic cytokines) or limit tumor growth (anti-tumor cytokines) by regulating related signaling pathways such as proliferation, growth, metastasis, and apoptosis. AREAS COVERED In the present study, a total of 223 papers including 196 research papers and 27 review papers, extracted from PubMed and Scopus and published from 1997 to present, are reviewed. The most important involved-cytokines in lung cancer including TNF-α, IFN- γ, TGF-β, VEGF and interleukins such as IL-6, IL-17, IL-8, IL-10, IL-22, IL-1β and IL-18 are introduced. Also, the pathological and biological role of such cytokines in cancer signaling pathways is explained. EXPERT OPINION In lung cancer, the cytokine expression changes under the physiological conditions of the immune system, and inflammatory cytokines are associated with the progression of lung cancer. Therefore, the cytokine expression profile can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of therapeutic responses, and survival of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Abolfathi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sadegh Shahraeini
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nojoumi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Zhu K, Xu A, Xia W, Li P, Zhang B, Jiang H, Zhou S, Wang R. Association Between NAT2 Polymorphism and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:567762. [PMID: 33777732 PMCID: PMC7991837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.567762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and has a high incidence rate. N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a polymorphic xenobiotic enzyme, which can catalyze N-acetylation and O-acetylation of various carcinogens such as aromatic, heterocyclic amines and hydrazines. At present, many studies have explored the effects of NAT2 polymorphism on lung cancer, but we found inconsistent results. We researched 18 published studies, involving 4,016 patients and 5,469 controls, to more accurately assess the effects of NAT2 polymorphism on lung cancer risk and to investigate whether smoking is associated. We used STATA software to analyze the extracted data and used STATA for subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and to perform publication bias tests. To determine the correlation, we used the crude odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs). Our study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020159737). The odds ratio was 1.53 (95% CI: 1.21–1.95, I² = 45.2%, P=0.104) for the NAT2 slow + intermediate phenotype versus rapid phenotype. The results suggested that people with NAT2 non-rapid (slow + intermediate) phenotype have a significantly increased risk of lung cancer. In addition, NAT2 rapid phenotype was significantly associated with reduced risk of lung cancer, compared with slow phenotype or intermediate phenotype (slow phenotype vs. rapid phenotype: OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07–2.42, I²= 50%, P= 0.075; intermediate phenotype vs. rapid phenotype: OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.15–1.88, I²= 40.3%, P= 0.137).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Aiqun Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Wanli Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hefei Third Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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