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Butt J, Epplein M. Potent Tool: Helicobacter pylori Treatment to Reduce the Risk of Both Gastric and Colorectal Cancers. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1865-1867. [PMID: 38427926 DOI: 10.1200/jco.24.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meira Epplein
- Departments of Population Health Sciences and Medicine, Duke University, and Cancer Risk, Detection, and Interception Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
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Shah SC, Camargo MC, Lamm M, Bustamante R, Roumie CL, Wilson O, Halvorson AE, Greevy R, Liu L, Gupta S, Demb J. Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Treatment on Colorectal Cancer in a Large, Nationwide Cohort. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1881-1889. [PMID: 38427927 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of infection-associated cancer worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the impact of H. pylori infection and treatment on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. PATIENTS US Veterans who completed H. pylori testing between 1999 and 2018. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis among adults within the Veterans Health Administration who completed testing for H. pylori. The primary exposures were (1) H. pylori test result (positive/negative) and (2) H. pylori treatment (untreated/treated) among H. pylori-positive individuals. The primary outcomes were CRC incidence and mortality. Follow-up started at the first H. pylori testing and continued until the earliest of incident or fatal CRC, non-CRC death, or December 31, 2019. RESULTS Among 812,736 individuals tested for H. pylori, 205,178 (25.2%) tested positive. Being H. pylori-positive versus H. pylori-negative was associated with higher CRC incidence and mortality. H. pylori treatment versus no treatment was associated with lower CRC incidence and mortality (absolute risk reduction 0.23%-0.35%) through 15-year follow-up. Being H. pylori-positive versus H. pylori-negative was associated with an 18% (adjusted hazard ratio [adjusted HR], 1.18 [95% CI, 1.12 to 1.24]) and 12% (adjusted HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.21]) higher incident and fatal CRC risk, respectively. Individuals with untreated versus treated H. pylori infection had 23% (adjusted HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.13 to 1.34]) and 40% (adjusted HR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.24 to 1.58]) higher incident and fatal CRC risk, respectively. The results were more pronounced in the analysis restricted to individuals with nonserologic testing. CONCLUSION H. pylori positivity may be associated with small but statistically significant higher CRC incidence and mortality; untreated individuals, especially those with confirmed active infection, appear to be most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Mark Lamm
- Division of Gastroenterology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Ranier Bustamante
- Division of Gastroenterology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Christianne L Roumie
- Department of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Clinical Services Research and Development, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, VA Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN
| | - Otis Wilson
- Department of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Clinical Services Research and Development, Nashville, TN
| | - Alese E Halvorson
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Robert Greevy
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lin Liu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Samir Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Joshua Demb
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Movsisyan Vernon AS, Hoch JS, Fejerman L, Keegan TH. Cancer incidence among Armenians in California. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7100. [PMID: 38491836 PMCID: PMC10943375 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION California is home to the largest population of Armenians in the United States. The historical categorization of Armenians as 'White' or 'Some Other Race' in population databases has likely masked cancer incidence patterns in this population. This is the first study considering cancer incidence among Armenians in California. METHODS We used the Armenian Surname List and birthplace information in the California Cancer Registry to identify Armenians with cancer diagnosed during 1988-2019. We calculated proportional incidence ratios (PIR) among Armenians compared with non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). As an exploratory analysis, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) during 2006-2015 using Armenian population denominators from the American Community Survey (ACS). We selected PIR as our primary method given uncertainty regarding the use of ACS population estimates for rate calculations. RESULTS There were 27,212 cancer diagnoses among Armenians in California, 13,754 among males and 13,458 among females. Armenian males had notably higher proportions of stomach (PIR = 2.39), thyroid (PIR = 1.45), and tobacco-related cancers including bladder (PIR = 1.53), colorectal (PIR = 1.29), and lung (PIR = 1.16) cancers. Higher proportional incidence of cancers including stomach (PIR = 3.24), thyroid (PIR = 1.47), and colorectal (PIR = 1.29) were observed among Armenian females. Exploratory IRR analyses showed higher stomach (IRR = 1.78), bladder (IRR = 1.13), and colorectal (IRR = 1.12) cancers among Armenian males and higher stomach (IRR = 2.54) cancer among Armenian females. CONCLUSION We observed higher stomach, colorectal and thyroid cancer incidence among males and females, and tobacco-related cancers among males. Further research is needed to refine Armenian population estimates and understand and address risk factors associated with specific cancers among Armenians in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani S. Movsisyan Vernon
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeffrey S. Hoch
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Healthcare Policy and ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theresa H. Keegan
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
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Liao L, Su BB, Xu SP. Helicobacter pylori infection and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:386. [PMID: 38053022 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a link between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) with nonspecific digestive symptoms. Nonetheless, whether HP infection is associated with SIBO in adults remains unclear. Based on a meta-analysis, we evaluated this relationship. RESULTS Observational studies relevant to our research were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. We evaluated between-study heterogeneity using the Cochrane Q test and estimated the I2 statistic. Random-effects models were used when significant heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, fixed-effects models were used. Ten datasets from eight studies, including 874 patients, were involved in the meta-analysis. It was shown that HP infection was related to a higher odds of SIBO (odds ratio [OR]: 1.82, 95% confidence interval: 1.29 to 2.58, p < 0.001) with mild heterogeneity (p for Cochrane Q test = 0.11, I2 = 7%). Subgroup analyses showed that HP infection was related to SIBO in young patients (mean age < 48 years, OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.67 to 4.28, p < 0.001; I2 = 15%) but not in older patients (mean age ≥ 48 years, OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.92, p < 0.60; I2 = 1%; p for subgroup difference = 0.02). Subgroup analyses further indicated that the association was not significantly affected by the country of study, comorbidities, exposure to proton pump inhibitors, or methods of evaluating HP infection and SIBO. CONCLUSIONS HP infection may be related to SIBO in adults, which supports the detection of SIBO in patients with digestive symptoms and HP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bin-Bin Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shi-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No.28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Jia Z, Wan X. Correlation and influencing factors analysis of colorectal polyps with Helicobacter pylori Infection and p-S6K1 expression. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:794. [PMID: 37964239 PMCID: PMC10644558 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between colorectal polyps (CRP) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, and the correlation between CRP and the expression of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p-S6K1). Besides, its related influencing factors were determined in the present study. METHODS A total of 191 subjects who underwent colonoscopy in our hospital from January 2020 to February 2022 were selected for this study. Among them, 141 patients were diagnosed with CRP, and the other 50 subjects were no significant colorectal abnormalities. 141 CRP patients were divided into H. pylori-positive group (n = 89) and H. pylori-negative group (n = 52) according to the results of the H. pylori test. The expression of p-S6K1 in CRP tissue was detected. The relationship between the p-S6K1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of CRP patients was analyzed. The logistic analysis of factors influencing the occurrence of CRP was performed. RESULTS There were significant differences in pathological type, site of disease, the number and size of polyps between the H. pylori negative group and the H. pylori positive group (P < 0.001, P = 0.037, P = 0.042 and P = 0.039). The percentage of the p-S6K1 positive expression in polyp tissues was higher than that in normal tissue and parapolyp tissues (P < 0.001). The p-S6K1 negative group showed significant difference in the number and pathological type of polyps and the presence or absence of a pedicle as compared with the p-S6K1 positive group (P = 0.006, P < 0.001 and P = 0.012). Logistic multifactor analysis showed that BMI, H. pylori infection, smoking history, ApoB, Lp(a) and the p-S6K1 positive expression were all risk factors for the development of CRP (P = 0.025, P = 0.020, P = 0.010, P = 0.005, P = 0.043 and P < 0.001). CONCLUSION H. pylori infection was closely related to the pathological type, location, and the number and size of CRP. p-S6K1 was highly expressed in CRP, and was positively related to the number, the pathological type and pedicle of polyps. H. pylori infection and the positive p-S6K1 expression were independent risk factors for CRP. By exploring the association between H. pylori infection as well as p-S6K1 and CRP, it is hoped that it will help to formulate a more rigorous colorectal cancer screening program for H. pylori-positive individuals, and at the same time find a new direction for the prevention of CRP and colorectal cancer, and provide some help for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P R China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P R China.
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Adebayo AS, Agbaje K, Adesina SK, Olajubutu O. Colorectal Cancer: Disease Process, Current Treatment Options, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2620. [PMID: 38004598 PMCID: PMC10674471 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies in the US, ranking fourth after lung, prostate, and breast cancers, respectively, in general populations. It continues to be a menace, and the incidence has been projected to more than double by 2035, especially in underdeveloped countries. This review seeks to provide some insights into the disease progression, currently available treatment options and their challenges, and future perspectives. Searches were conducted in the PubMed search engine in the university's online library. The keywords were "Colorectal Cancer" AND "disease process" OR "disease mechanisms" OR "Current Treatment" OR "Prospects". Selection criteria were original articles published primarily during the period of 2013 through 2023. Abstracts, books and documents, and reviews/systematic reviews were filtered out. Of over 490 thousand articles returned, only about 800 met preliminary selection criteria, 200 were reviewed in detail, but 191 met final selection criteria. Fifty-one other articles were used due to cross-referencing. Although recently considered a disease of lifestyle, CRC incidence appears to be rising in countries with low, low-medium, and medium social demographic indices. CRC can affect all parts of the colon and rectum but is more fatal with poor disease outcomes when it is right-sided. The disease progression usually takes between 7-10 years and can be asymptomatic, making early detection and diagnosis difficult. The CRC tumor microenvironment is made up of different types of cells interacting with each other to promote the growth and proliferation of the tumor cells. Significant advancement has been made in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Notable approaches include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and cryotherapy. Chemotherapy, including 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin, plays a significant role in the management of CRC that has been diagnosed at advanced stages. Two classes of monoclonal antibody therapies have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of colorectal cancer: the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, e.g., bevacizumab (Avastin®), and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, e.g., cetuximab (Erbitux®) and panitumumab (Verbitix®). However, many significant problems are still being experienced with these treatments, mainly off-target effects, toxic side effects, and the associated therapeutic failures of small molecular drugs and the rapid loss of efficacy of mAb therapies. Other novel delivery strategies continue to be investigated, including ligand-based targeting of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amusa S. Adebayo
- College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2400 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (K.A.); (S.K.A.); (O.O.)
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Yoshida N, Maeda-Minami A, Ishikawa H, Mutoh M, Kanno Y, Tomita Y, Hirose R, Dohi O, Itoh Y, Mano Y. Analysis of the development of gastric cancer after resecting colorectal lesions using large-scale health insurance claims data. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1105-1113. [PMID: 37646980 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal endoscopic resection (C-ER) is spreading due to the increase of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Japan. Gastric cancer (GC) sometimes occurs after C-ER. We aimed to analyze the status of GC after C-ER using large-scale data. METHODS We retrospectively used commercially anonymized health insurance claims data of 5.71 million patients from 2005 to 2018, and extracted 62,392 patients ≥ 50 years old who received C-ER. The incidence and risk factors of GC were analyzed. Additionally, subjects were divided into ≥ 2 cm group and < 2 cm group and risks of GC were analyzed. RESULTS The median age (range) was 58 (50-75) years and the overall rate of GC was 0.68% (423/62,392). Multivariate analysis showed that significant risk factors for GC [odds rates (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)] were colorectal lesion size ≥ 2 cm (1.75, 1.24-2.47, p = 0.002), age ≥ 65 y.o. (1.65, 1.31-2.07, p < 0.001), male (2.35, 1. 76-3.13, p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (1.40, 1.02-1.92, p = 0.035), liver disease (1.54, 1.06-2.24, p = 0.025), Helicobacter pylori infection (2.10, 1.65-2.67, p < 0.001), chronic atrophic gastritis (1.58, 1.14-2.18, p = 0.006), and CRC (1.72, 1.10-2.68, p = 0.017). The rate of GC in the ≥ 2 cm was significantly higher than that in < 2 cm groups (1.17% and 0.65%, p < 0.001). According to the number of significant risk factors, the rates of GC and the hazard ratios of GC (95%CI) were 0.64% and 3.64 (2.20-6.02) and 1.95% and 11.17 (6.57-19.00) for patient with 1-2 and ≥ 3 risk factors, compared with patients without risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Using large-scale data, risk factors for GC, including colorecal lesions ≥ 2 cm after C-ER could be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Ayako Maeda-Minami
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yui Kanno
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuri Tomita
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hirose
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Dohi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mano
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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Luo F, Zhou P, Ran X, Gu M, Zhou S. No evident causal association between Helicobacter pylori infection and colorectal cancer: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18544. [PMID: 37899462 PMCID: PMC10613620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have reported a correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the underlying cause has remained unclear. This research was aimed at determining whether there is a correlation between H. pylori infection and CRC by measuring the prevalence of H. pylori CagA antibodies and VacA antibodies. Using data from many genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study with two sample GWAS. Then, we used bidirectional MR to evaluate the association between H. pylori infection and CRC for identifying causation. The most common method of analysis was the inverse variance-weighted technique. In addition, we performed supplementary analyses using the weighted median technique and MR-Egger regression. Horizontal pleiotropic outliers were identified and corrected using the MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) method. Genetically predicted anti-H. pylori IgG seropositivity was not causally associated with CRC [odds ratio (OR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-1.27, P = 0.08] and neither were H. pylori VacA antibody levels (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.90-1.02, P = 0.25) or H. pylori CagA antibody levels (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.93-1.07, P = 0.92). Furthermore, reverse MR analysis did not reveal evidence for a causal effect of CRC on H. pylori infection. The weighted median, the MR-Egger method, and MR-PRESSO yielded identical results. Using genetic data, MR analysis showed there was no evidence for a causal association between seroprevalence of H. pylori infection and CRC. The relationship between H. pylori infection and CRC requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Xiong Ran
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Shaoquan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Saeed MK, Al-Ofairi BA, Hassan MA, Al-Jahrani MA, Abdulkareem AM. The clinical significance of some serum tumor markers among chronic patients with Helicobacter pylori infections in Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:60. [PMID: 37828556 PMCID: PMC10571253 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a carcinogenic bacterium, it is the greatest risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), according to these evidences, there may be a certain association between chronic H. pylori infections and serum levels of tumor markers. This study was conducted to determine serum levels of some tumor markers, namely carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) in patients with chronic H. pylori infections and evaluate the association between serum tumor marker levels and chronic patients with H. pylori infections in Ibb Governorate, Yemen. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study involved 200 patients who had been diagnosed with H. pylori infections using a serum immunochromatography antibody test. Stool and blood samples were collected from all patients to confirm the presence of H. pylori through detection of serum H. pylori IgG antibody and stool antigen test (SAT). Additionally, serum samples were analyzed to measurement the level of certain tumor markers CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4. These tests were conducted at various Hospitals, Gastroenterology and Hepatology clinics in Ibb governorate, Yemen from October 2019 to November 2020. RESULTS The findings of current study showed that the prevalence of H. pylori infections by rapid anti H. pylori test were 200 (100%), 157 (78.5%) by serum H. pylori IgG antibody and 108 (54%) by SAT. In addition, the results showed that 42 (21%) of the patients had abnormal level of CEA, 30 (15%) had abnormal level of CA19-9 and 31 (15.5%) had abnormal level of CA72-4. Most importantly, the results indicated that the serum tumor marker levels CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 were correlated with the levels of serum H. pylori IgG antibody as well as positive results from the SAT (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results indicated that serum tumor marker levels were associated with different infection status. Finally, the results indicated that the serum levels of tumor markers were associated with older ages, symptomatic patients and long duration of H. pylori infections (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicated that there is a significant association between chronic H. pylori infections and the serum levels of tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4). This suggests that the patients with active chronic H. pylori infection may have an increased risk of developing GC. Therefore, monitoring and early detection of H. pylori infection and tumor markers levels in these patients may be crucial for identifying individuals at higher risk and implementing appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan K Saeed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
- Department of Medical Laboratories, University of Science and Technology, Ibb, Yemen.
| | - B A Al-Ofairi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
- Departement of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Queen Arwa University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed A Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - M A Al-Jahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ahmed M Abdulkareem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
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Liu K, Wang YH, Wang J, Chen B, Luo N, Gong J. Meta-analysis of proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of developing gastric cancer or colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:971-978. [PMID: 37578746 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the relationship between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and the risk of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer by using meta-analysis. Computer search PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang database to obtain relevant literature on the use of PPI and the risk of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, extract relevant data, and use Stata14.0 for Meta-analysis. A total of 24 articles were included, including 12 articles for gastric cancer and 12 articles for colorectal cancer. A total of 5 313 749 persons were included in the study and analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that the risk of gastric cancer in PPI users was significantly increased [risk ratio (RR) = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.33-2.75)], and the regional subgroup analysis results showed that in Europe [RR = 2.01, 95% CI (0.92, 3.09), P < 0.05] and Asia [RR = 2.15, 95% CI (1.16, 3.14), P < 0.05] This risk is higher, and Asia is higher than Europe. The risk of colorectal cancer is slightly increased [RR = 1. 22, 95% CI (1.03, 1.40, P < 0.05], and the regional subgroup analysis results show that in Europe [RR = 1.05 95% CI (0.98, 1.12), P < 0.05] and Asia [RR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.10, 1.27), P < 0.05]. This risk is low, but Asia is higher than Europe. The use of PPI significantly increases gastric cancer However, the risk of colorectal cancer is not significantly increased. The risk of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer in the population using PPI in Asia is higher than that in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Leshan
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Leshan
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Gong
- Department of Nursing, People's Hospital of Leshan, Sichuan, China
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11
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Guo CG, Zhang F, Jiang F, Wang L, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhou A, Zhang S, Leung WK. Long-term effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on colorectal cancer incidences. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231170943. [PMID: 37168403 PMCID: PMC10164860 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231170943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence supporting the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether H. pylori eradication reduces the risk of CRC is still unknown. Objectives To compare the incidence of CRC in subjects who had received H. pylori eradication therapy with general population. Design A population-based retrospective cohort study. Methods This study included all H. pylori-infected subjects who had received their first course of clarithromycin-containing triple therapy in 2003-2015 in Hong Kong. We compared the observed incidences of CRC in this H. pylori eradicated cohort with the expected incidences in the age- and sex-matched general population. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed. Results Among 96,572 H. pylori-eradicated subjects with a median follow-up of 9.7 years, 1417 (1.5%) developed CRC. Primary analysis showed no significant difference in the observed and expected incidences of CRC (SIR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97-1.09). However, when stratified according to the follow-up period, higher incidence of CRC was only observed in the first 5 years after eradication (SIR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.39-1.55), but it was lower (SIR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99) than general population after 11 years. When stratified by tumor location, the observed incidence was higher for colon (SIR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12-1.29) but lower for rectal cancer (SIR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.999) among H. pylori-eradicated subjects. Conclusions H. pylori-infected subjects appeared to have a higher incidence of CRC initially, which declined progressively to a level lower than general population 10 years after H. pylori eradication, particularly for rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Guo Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wai K. Leung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
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12
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Ralser A, Dietl A, Jarosch S, Engelsberger V, Wanisch A, Janssen KP, Middelhoff M, Vieth M, Quante M, Haller D, Busch DH, Deng L, Mejías-Luque R, Gerhard M. Helicobacter pylori promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by deregulating intestinal immunity and inducing a mucus-degrading microbiota signature. Gut 2023:gutjnl-2022-328075. [PMID: 37015754 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori infection is the most prevalent bacterial infection worldwide. Besides being the most important risk factor for gastric cancer development, epidemiological data show that infected individuals harbour a nearly twofold increased risk to develop colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a direct causal and functional connection between H. pylori infection and colon cancer is lacking. DESIGN We infected two Apc-mutant mouse models and C57BL/6 mice with H. pylori and conducted a comprehensive analysis of H. pylori-induced changes in intestinal immune responses and epithelial signatures via flow cytometry, chip cytometry, immunohistochemistry and single cell RNA sequencing. Microbial signatures were characterised and evaluated in germ-free mice and via stool transfer experiments. RESULTS H. pylori infection accelerated tumour development in Apc-mutant mice. We identified a unique H. pylori-driven immune alteration signature characterised by a reduction in regulatory T cells and pro-inflammatory T cells. Furthermore, in the intestinal and colonic epithelium, H. pylori induced pro-carcinogenic STAT3 signalling and a loss of goblet cells, changes that have been shown to contribute-in combination with pro-inflammatory and mucus degrading microbial signatures-to tumour development. Similar immune and epithelial alterations were found in human colon biopsies from H. pylori-infected patients. Housing of Apc-mutant mice under germ-free conditions ameliorated, and early antibiotic eradication of H. pylori infection normalised the tumour incidence to the level of uninfected controls. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide evidence that H. pylori infection is a strong causal promoter of colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, implementation of H. pylori status into preventive measures of CRC should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ralser
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alisa Dietl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Veronika Engelsberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wanisch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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13
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Pandey H, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Biological Role and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030866. [PMID: 36765824 PMCID: PMC9913759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While CRC is thought to be an interplay between genetic and environmental factors, several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of gut microbiota in promoting inflammation and tumor progression. Gut microbiota refer to the ~40 trillion microorganisms that inhabit the human gut. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and metagenomics have provided new insights into the gut microbial ecology and have helped in linking gut microbiota to CRC. Many studies carried out in humans and animal models have emphasized the role of certain gut bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, in the onset and progression of CRC. Metagenomic studies have opened up new avenues for the application of gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC. This review article summarizes the role of gut microbiota in CRC development and its use as a biomarker to predict the disease and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Pandey
- Redcliffe Labs, Electronic City, Noida 201301, India
| | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
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14
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Huang J, Lucero-Prisno DE, Zhang L, Xu W, Wong SH, Ng SC, Wong MCS. Updated epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers in East Asia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:271-287. [PMID: 36631716 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, gastrointestinal cancers represent more than one-fourth of all cancer incidence and one-third of cancer-related mortality. Although there has been much progress in screening colorectal cancer, the prognosis of other gastrointestinal cancers tends to be poor. The highest burden of gastrointestinal cancers, including stomach, liver, oesophageal and gallbladder cancers, was observed in regions in East Asia. The increasing burden of gastrointestinal cancers in East Asian regions is related to population growth, ageing and the westernization of lifestyle habits in this region. Furthermore, the rising incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer is an emerging trend in East Asia. This Review provides a comprehensive and updated summary of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers in East Asia, with emphasis on comparing their epidemiology in East Asia with that in Western regions, and highlights the major risk factors and implications for prevention. Overall, to optimally reduce the disease burden incurred by gastrointestinal cancers in East Asian regions, a concerted effort will be needed to modify unhealthy lifestyles, promote vaccination against the hepatitis virus, control Helicobacter pylori, liver fluke and hepatitis virus infections, increase the uptake rate of colorectal cancer screening, enhance detection of early cancers and their precursors, and improve cancer survivorship through an organized rehabilitation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lin Zhang
- Centre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Karpiński TM, Ożarowski M, Stasiewicz M. Carcinogenic microbiota and its role in colorectal cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:420-430. [PMID: 35090978 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The main risk factors for CRC are family history of colon or rectal cancer, familial polyposis syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis, and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease). Recent studies show that the gastrointestinal microbiota play a significant role in colorectal carcinogenesis. In this review we present the microorganisms, whose influence on the development of CRC has been proven: Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridioides and Clostridium spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Helicobacter pylori, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Streptococcus bovis group, and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Moreover, the carcinogenic mechanisms of action mediated by the above bacteria are laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants - National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Mark Stasiewicz
- Research Group of Medical Microbiology, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland.
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16
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Ballinger TJ, Djuric Z, Sardesai S, Hovey KM, Andrews CA, Brasky TM, Zhang JT, Rohan TE, Saquib N, Shadyab AH, Simon M, Wactawski-Wende J, Wallace R, Kato I. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Obesity-Associated Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative. Nutr Cancer 2022; 75:265-275. [PMID: 35968582 PMCID: PMC9772040 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have off-target activity on fatty acid synthase (FASN), a critical enzyme in energy balance and cancer growth. We evaluated risk of common obesity-related cancers: breast, colorectal (CRC), and endometrial, with use of PPI and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) in 124,931 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. Incident cancer cases were physician-adjudicated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer incidence after year 3. There were 7956 PPI ever users and 9398 H2RA only users. Ever use of either PPI or H2RA was not associated with risk of breast cancer (n = 9186) nor risk of endometrial cancer (n = 1231). The risk of CRC (n = 2280) was significantly lower in PPI users (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.61-0.92), but not in H2RA users (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.97-1.31). The association of PPI use with CRC was apparent regardless of BMI or NSAID use, and was stronger with longer PPI duration (p = 0.006) and potency (p = 0.005). The findings that PPI use, but not H2RA use, demonstrate an inverse dose-response relationship with risk of CRC is consistent with preclinical data showing FASN inhibition prevents colon cancer progression and supports a role of PPI in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarah J. Ballinger
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Zora Djuric
- Departments of Family Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Kathleen M. Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Chris A. Andrews
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Theodore M. Brasky
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Jian Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michael Simon
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
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17
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Kim SJ, Lee J, Baek DY, Lee JH, Hong R. Early gastric neoplasms are significant risk factor for colorectal adenoma: A prospective case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29956. [PMID: 35960053 PMCID: PMC9371521 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gastric cancer patients have a high incidence and risk of colorectal cancer, evidence is lacking regarding whether early gastric neoplasms (EGNs), such as gastric adenomas and early gastric cancer, are risk factors for colorectal adenoma. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of colorectal adenomas in patients with EGN. This prospective study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016. Of the 307 patients who underwent gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection for EGN, 110 patients were enrolled in the EGN group, and 110 age- and sex-matched healthy persons from the screening population were included in the control group in a 1:1 ratio. Demographic factors and results of colonoscopy, including quality assessment, were collected, and analyzed. No significant differences in the quality of colonoscopy, including bowel preparation, cecal intubation rate, and withdrawal time between the 2 groups, were observed. The incidence of colorectal adenoma was significantly higher in the EGN group than in the control group (55.5% vs 26.4%, P = .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that old age (odds ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.08, P = .005) and a history of EGN (odds ratio: 4.99, 95% confidence interval: 2.60-9.57, P = .001) were independent risk factors for colorectal adenoma. This is the first prospective study to reflect the quality indicator of colonoscopy and confirmed that old age and a history of EGN are significant risk factors for colorectal adenomas. Therefore, more stringent colonoscopy surveillance should be considered in elderly patients with EGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Koreaand
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Koreaand
- * Correspondence: Jun Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea. e-mail:
| | - Dae Youb Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Koreaand
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Republic of Koreaand
| | - Ran Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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18
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YALINBAŞ KAYA B, TUĞRUL F. The relationship between colorectal cancer and gastric histopathology: case-control study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1118677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the gastric histopathological findings (Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), intestinal metaplasia (IM), atrophic gastritis (AG), and dysplasia) in the patients with and without colorectal cancer (CRC).
Material and Method: Two hundred ninety five patients (160 CRC patients and 135 control individuals) were included in the study. Gastric histopathological findings of the patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: H. pylori positivity and IM rates in the CRC patient group were significantly higher than the control group (58.8%&27.8% and 33.1%&19.5%, p<0.001 and p<0.012, respectively). In addition, AG, lymphoplasmocytic infiltration, and dysplasia rates were also higher in the CRC patients compared to the control group. But, they were not statistically significant (p=0.462, p=0.103, and p=0.195, respectively).
Conclusion: In our study, the frequency of H. pylori and IM in patients with CRC was higher than in the control group. Since the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in Turkey and H. pylori-related gastric diseases may be potential risk factors for colorectal neoplasia, it is recommended that individuals in the high-risk group to be screened for colonoscopy. Also, upper GI endoscopic examination should be performed to screen for gastric premaling lesions in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin YALINBAŞ KAYA
- SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ
| | - Fuzuli TUĞRUL
- SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, RADYASYON ONKOLOJİSİ ANABİLİM DALI
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19
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Wang Y, Li H. Gut microbiota modulation: a tool for the management of colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2022; 20:178. [PMID: 35449107 PMCID: PMC9022293 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer death and the third most frequently diagnosed cancer. Besides the lifestyle, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and environmental factors, gut microbiota also plays a vital role in CRC development. The interruption of the commensal relationship between gut microbiota and the host could lead to an imbalance in the bacteria population, in which the pathogenic bacteria become the predominant population in the gut. Different therapeutic strategies have been developed to modify the gut immune system, prevent pathogen colonization, and alter the activity and composition of gut microbiota, such as prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Even though the employed strategies exhibit promising results, their translation into the clinic requires evaluating potential implications and risks, as well as assessment of their long-term effects. This study was set to review the gut microbiota imbalances and their relationship with CRC and their effects on CRC therapy, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. More importantly, we reviewed the strategies that have been used to modulate gut microbiota, their impact on the treatment of CRC, and the challenges of each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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20
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Tortora SC, Bodiwala VM, Quinn A, Martello LA, Vignesh S. Microbiome and colorectal carcinogenesis: Linked mechanisms and racial differences. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:375-395. [PMID: 35317317 PMCID: PMC8918999 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have shown the interplay between the intestinal microbiome, environmental factors, and genetic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this review, we highlight the various gut and oral microbiota associated with CRC and colorectal adenomas, and their proposed molecular mechanisms in relation to the processes of “the hallmarks of cancer”, and differences in microbial diversity and abundance between race/ethnicity. Patients with CRC showed increased levels of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Clostridium difficile. Higher levels of Bacteroides have been found in African American (AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) patients. Pro-inflammatory bacteria such as F. nucleatum and Enterobacter species were significantly higher in AAs. Also, AA patients have been shown to have decreased microbial diversity compared to CA patients. Some studies have shown that using microbiome profiles in conjunction with certain risk factors such as age, race and body mass index may help predict healthy colon vs one with adenomas or carcinomas. Periodontitis is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and is more prevalent in Non-Hispanic-Blacks as compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. This condition causes increased systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, gut microbiota dysbiosis and thereby possibly influencing colorectal carcinogenesis. Periodontal-associated bacteria such as Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides and Porphyromonas have been found in CRC tissues and in feces of CRC patients. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the association between oral and gastrointestinal bacterial profile, in addition to identifying prevalent bacteria in patients with CRC and the differences observed in ethnicity/race, may play a pivotal role in predicting incidence, prognosis, and lead to the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C Tortora
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Vimal M Bodiwala
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Andrew Quinn
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Laura A Martello
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Shivakumar Vignesh
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
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Kuo YC, Yu LY, Wang HY, Chen MJ, Wu MS, Liu CJ, Lin YC, Shih SC, Hu KC. Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastrointestinal tract malignant diseases: From the oral cavity to rectum. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:55-74. [PMID: 35116103 PMCID: PMC8790410 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has infected approximately fifty percent of humans for a long period of time. However, improvements in the public health environment have led to a decreased chance of H. pylori infection. However, a high infection rate is noted in populations with a high incidence rate of gastric cancer (GC). The worldwide fraction of GC attributable to H. pylori is greater than 85%, and a high H. pylori prevalence is noted in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients. These results indicate that the majority of GC cases can be prevented if H. pylori infection is eliminated. Because H. pylori exhibits oral-oral or fecal-oral transmission, the relationship between this microorganism and other digestive tract malignant diseases has also attracted attention. This review article provides an overview of H. pylori and the condition of the whole gastrointestinal tract environment to further understand the correlation between the pathogen and the host, thus allowing improved realization of disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Che Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Yip Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthy Evaluation Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chuan Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Evaluate Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chun Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthy Evaluation Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 10038, Taiwan
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