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da Cunha GH, Fontenele MSM, Galvão MTG, Dantas MB, Gomes MEC, Fechine FV, de Sousa Paiva S. Factors Associated With Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in People Living With HIV in Northeast Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 97:87-98. [PMID: 39116335 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of HIV infection can cause mental disorders or exacerbate existing symptoms because of the stigma, psychological stress, and need for the self-management of the illness. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in people with HIV and to identify the associated factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. A sample of 385 people living with HIV (PLWH) was interviewed using the Sociodemographic, Epidemiological, and Clinical Form; the Beck Anxiety Inventory; the Beck Depression Inventory; and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety was 27.1% and depression was 39.8%. Being female (P = 0.0227), antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 8 years or less (P = 0.0042), and having depression (P < 0.0001) were associated with the occurrence of anxiety. Having a detectable viral load (P = 0.0476), not exercising regularly (P = 0.0070), and having sleep disorders (P = 0.0001) and anxiety (P < 0.0001) were associated with depression. Retired and on leave or sick pay were, respectively, 2.67 and 3.90 times more likely to have depression than those who were employed. CONCLUSIONS A considerable percentage of PLWH have anxiety and depression symptoms. Being female, less than 8 years of ART, and depression are associated with anxiety, while detectable viral load, not practicing physical exercise, having sleep disorders, anxiety, and being retired or on leave or sick pay are associated with depression. The study showed important data for health interventions by members of the multidisciplinary team for PLWH.
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Cunha GHD, Ramalho AKL, Fontenele MSM, Dantas MB, Fechine FV, Abreu WCD. Quality of life and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV in the Ceará, Brazil. AIDS Care 2024; 36:400-413. [PMID: 37909100 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2275035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life (QOL) and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 385 patients followed-up on an outpatient basis. Interviews were conducted using the Sociodemographic, Epidemiological and Clinical Form, the World Health Organization's Quality of Life in PLWH Instrument, the Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. The odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated, considering P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Of the 385 PLWH, 134 (34.8%) had unsatisfactory QOL which was associated with unemployment (P = 0.0037), monthly income less than the minimum wage (P < 0.0001), sleep disorders (P = 0.0039) and not doing regular exercise (P = 0.0032). Inadequate adherence to ART occurred in 24 patients (6.23%) and was associated with detectable viral load (P = 0.0001) and unsatisfactory QOL (P = 0.0033). QOL was more unsatisfactory for those unemployed and with low income, sleep disorders and sedentary lifestyle. People with detectable viral load and unsatisfactory QOL had more inadequate adherence to ART.
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Du M, Wang Y, Qin C, Mi D, Liu M, Liu J. Prevalence and incidence of stroke among people with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:1747-1756. [PMID: 37352496 PMCID: PMC10399939 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to obtain more precise estimates of stroke to address the wide variation of stroke burden among people with HIV (PWH) in different clinical settings. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for original articles reporting the prevalence and incidence of stroke among PWH up to November 23, 2022. Der Simonian-Laird random effects were used to obtain pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We included 17 observational studies covering 1 749 003 PWH on estimation of prevalence, and 17 cohort studies covering 249 606 PWH on estimation of incidence. The pooled prevalence of stroke was 1.30% (95% CI: 1.01%, 1.59%) for PWH aged at least 15 years, and 3.98% (95% CI: 2.45%, 5.51%) for PWH aged at least 50 years. The pooled incidence of stroke was 17.86 per 10 000 person-years (95% CI: 15.96, 19.76), meanwhile, the pooled incidence of ischemic stroke (31.50 per 10 000 person-years; 95% CI: 11.11, 51.89) was higher than hemorrhagic stroke (4.43 per 10 000 person-years; 95% CI: 1.95, 6.91) among PWH aged at least 15 years. CONCLUSION The prevalence of stroke was nearly one per hundred among PWH aged ≥15 years, and reached four per hundred for those aged ≥50 years. The occurrence of stroke is common during HIV progression, particularly ischemic stroke. Therefore, more efforts should be made on implementing policies, strategies, and programs aimed at identifying the risk factors, improving treatment, and facilitating rehabilitation for stroke to reduce the disease burden among PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Donghua Mi
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University
- Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Premeaux TA, Ndhlovu LC. Decrypting biological hallmarks of aging in people with HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023:01222929-990000000-00054. [PMID: 37421383 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV infection adds further complexity to the heterogenous process of aging. In this focused review, we examine and discuss recent advances to better elucidate mechanisms of biological aging perturbed and accelerated in the context of HIV, particularly among those with viral suppression through the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). New hypotheses from these studies are poised to provide an improved understanding of multifaceted pathways that converge and likely form the basis for effective interventions toward successful aging. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence to date suggests multiple mechanisms of biological aging impact people living with HIV (PLWH). Recent literature delves and expands on how epigenetic alterations, telomere attrition, mitochondrial perturbations, and intercellular communications may underpin accelerated or accentuated aging phenotypes and the disproportionate prevalence of age-related complications among PLWH. Although most hallmarks of aging are likely exacerbated in the setting of HIV, ongoing research efforts are providing new insight on the collective impact these conserved pathways may have in the aging disease processes. SUMMARY New knowledge on underlying molecular disease mechanisms impacting people aging with HIV are reviewed. Also examined are studies that may facilitate the development and implementation of effective therapeutics and guidance on improving geriatric HIV clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Premeaux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Trunfio M, Mighetto L, Napoli L, Atzori C, Nigra M, Guastamacchia G, Bonora S, Di Perri G, Calcagno A. Cerebrospinal Fluid CXCL13 as Candidate Biomarker of Intrathecal Immune Activation, IgG Synthesis and Neurocognitive Impairment in People with HIV. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:169-182. [PMID: 37166552 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasma C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand-13 (CXCL13) has been linked to disease progression and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH) and is a candidate target for immune-based strategies for HIV cure. Its role in central nervous system (CNS) of PLWH has not been detailed. We described CSF CXCL13 levels and its potential associations with neurological outcomes. Cross-sectional study enrolling PLWH without confounding for CXCL13 production. Subjects were divided according to CSF HIV-RNA in undetectable (< 20 cp/mL) and viremics. CSF CXCL13, and biomarkers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, intrathecal synthesis, and immune activation were measured by commercial immunoturbidimetric and ELISA assays. All subjects underwent neurocognitive assessment. Sensitivity analyses were conducted in subjects with intact BBB only. 175 participants were included. Detectable CSF CXCL13 was more common in the viremic (31.4%) compared to the undetectable group (13.5%; OR 2.9 [1.4-6.3], p = 0.006), but median levels did not change (15.8 [8.2-91.0] vs 10.0 [8.1-14.2] pg/mL). In viremics (n = 86), CXCL13 associated with higher CSF HIV-RNA, proteins, neopterin, intrathecal synthesis and BBB permeability. In undetectable participants (n = 89), CXCL13 associated with higher CD4+T-cells count, CD4/CD8 ratio, CSF proteins, neopterin, and intrathecal synthesis. The presence of CXCL13 in the CSF of undetectable participants was associated with increased odds of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (58.3% vs 28.6%, p = 0.041). Sensitivity analyses confirmed all these findings. CXCL13 is detectable in the CSF of PLWH that show increased intrathecal IgG synthesis and immune activation. In PLWH with CSF viral suppression, CXCL13 was also associated with neurocognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Trunfio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, 10149, Italy.
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC), Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Mighetto
- Diagnostic Laboratory Unit, Maria Vittoria Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Torino, 10144, Italy
| | - Laura Napoli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, 10149, Italy
| | - Cristiana Atzori
- Unit of Neurology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Torino, 10144, Italy
| | - Marco Nigra
- Diagnostic Laboratory Unit, Maria Vittoria Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Torino, 10144, Italy
| | - Giulia Guastamacchia
- Unit of Neurology, Maria Vittoria Hospital, ASL Città di Torino, Torino, 10144, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonora
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, 10149, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, 10149, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, 10149, Italy
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Cody SL, Miller GH, Fazeli PL, Wang G, Li W, Goodin BR, Vance DE. Preventing Neurocognitive Decline in Adults Aging with HIV: Implications for Practice and Research. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:753-768. [PMID: 37599532 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Mild to moderate forms of neurocognitive impairment persist among people living with HIV (PLWH), despite being virally suppressed on antiretroviral therapy. PLWH are disproportionally impacted by physiological and psychosocial comorbidities compared to those without HIV. As adults live longer with HIV, the neurocognitive burden of physiological and psychosocial stressors can impair everyday functioning and may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. This article outlines neurocognitive consequences of everyday stressors in PLWH. While some lifestyle factors can exacerbate inflammatory processes and promote negative neurocognitive health, novel interventions including the use of cannabinoids may be neuroprotective for aging PLWH who are at risk for elevated levels of inflammation from comorbidities. Studies of integrated neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies targeting lifestyle factors are promising for improving neurocognitive health, and may over time, reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameka L Cody
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Gabe H Miller
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pariya L Fazeli
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ge Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Burel R Goodin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David E Vance
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Wekesa C, Ocama P, Parkes-Ratanshi R, Kirk GD. Burden and correlates of significant liver fibrosis among HIV-infected and uninfected adults in urban Uganda. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100027. [PMID: 38515903 PMCID: PMC10953957 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Following chronic inflammation and other disease specific factors, the risk of liver disease is believed to be higher among HIV-infected patients than in the general population despite shared risk factors. Understanding this differentiated burden and its drivers will inform policy and priority populations for intervention. Methods This was a cross sectional study among 516 adults attending care clinics in Kampala Uganda. Significant liver fibrosis (SLF) was defined as liver stiffness measurement ≥7.2 KPa identified by Fibroscan®. Data analyses were stratified by HIV status and we performed logistic regression performed to identify correlates. Results The prevalence of SLF was higher among HIV un-infected patients ((24% Vs 14%; p0.004). Overall HIV-uninfected patients were more likely to be overweight and or obese, with elevated serum cholesterol levels. Elevated measurement of fatty change in the liver (CAP scores >248 dB/m) was associated with SLF among HIV un-infected patients (OR 2.3 CI (1.0-5.2); p = 0.046). Low nadir CD4 counts (200cell/mm3) was predictive of SLF among HIV-infected patients (OR 3.3 CI (1.0-10.7); p = 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of SLF was unexpectedly higher among HIV un-infected than HIV affected patients attending care clinics in urban Uganda. This observed burden is most likely driven by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) resulting from metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Wekesa
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences Kampala, Uganda
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Li H, Wu M, Zhao X. Role of chemokine systems in cancer and inflammatory diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e147. [PMID: 35702353 PMCID: PMC9175564 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small secreted proteins that have fundamental roles in organ development, normal physiology, and immune responses upon binding to their corresponding receptors. The primary functions of chemokines are to coordinate and recruit immune cells to and from tissues and to participate in regulating interactions between immune cells. In addition to the generally recognized antimicrobial immunity, the chemokine/chemokine receptor axis also exerts a tumorigenic function in many different cancer models and is involved in the formation of immunosuppressive and protective tumor microenvironment (TME), making them potential prognostic markers for various hematologic and solid tumors. In fact, apart from its vital role in tumors, almost all inflammatory diseases involve chemokines and their receptors in one way or another. Modulating the expression of chemokines and/or their corresponding receptors on tumor cells or immune cells provides the basis for the exploitation of new drugs for clinical evaluation in the treatment of related diseases. Here, we summarize recent advances of chemokine systems in protumor and antitumor immune responses and discuss the prevailing understanding of how the chemokine system operates in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we also emphatically highlight the complexity of the chemokine system and explore its potential to guide the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of EducationWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of EducationWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Rodés B, Cadiñanos J, Esteban-Cantos A, Rodríguez-Centeno J, Arribas JR. Ageing with HIV: Challenges and biomarkers. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103896. [PMID: 35228014 PMCID: PMC8889090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiretroviral treatment (ART) developed to control HIV infection led to a revolution in the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLWH). PLWH underwent from suffering severe disease and often fatal complications at young ages to having a chronic condition and a life expectancy close to the general population. Nevertheless, chronic age-related diseases increase as PLWH age. The harmful effect of HIV infection on the individual's immune system adds to its deterioration during ageing, exacerbating comorbidities. In addition, PLWH are more exposed to risk factors affecting ageing, such as coinfections or harmful lifestyles. The ART initiation reverses the biological ageing process but only partially, and additionally can have some toxicities that influence ageing. Observational studies suggest premature ageing in PLWH. Therefore, there is considerable interest in the early prediction of unhealthy ageing through validated biomarkers, easy to implement in HIV-clinical settings. The most promising biomarkers are second-generation epigenetic clocks and integrative algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Rodés
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julen Cadiñanos
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Esteban-Cantos
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Centeno
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Arribas
- HIV/AIDS and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Hospital Universitario La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBER-INFECT), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Mechanisms of immune aging in HIV. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:61-80. [PMID: 34985109 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Massive CD4+ T-cell depletion as well as sustained immune activation and inflammation are hallmarks of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infection. In recent years, an emerging concept draws an intriguing parallel between HIV-1 infection and aging. Indeed, many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune subsets in HIV-infected individuals are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These changes, of which the presumed cause is the systemic immune activation established in patients, likely participate in the immuno-incompetence described with HIV progression. With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-seropositive patients can now live for many years despite chronic viral infection. However, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infections have given way to chronic diseases as the leading cause of death since HIV infection. Therefore, the comparison between HIV-1 infected patients and uninfected elderly individuals goes beyond the sole onset of immunosenescence and extends to the deterioration of several physiological functions related to inflammation and systemic aging. In light of this observation, it is interesting to understand the precise link between immune activation and aging in HIV-1 infection to figure out how to best care for people living with HIV (PLWH).
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