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Kuhlen M, Kunstreich M, Pape UF, Seitz G, Lessel L, Vokuhl C, Frühwald MC, Vorwerk P, Redlich A. Lymph node metastases are more frequent in paediatric appendiceal NET ≥1.5 cm but without impact on outcome - Data from the German MET studies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:108051. [PMID: 38430702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (appNET) are very rare tumours, mostly detected incidentally by histopathological evaluation after appendectomy. Treatment recommendations are based on adult data considering high-risk NET as defined by European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) guidelines for completion right-sided hemicolectomy (RHC). Recent data suggest that less aggressive therapy may be justified. PROCEDURE Analysis of children and adolescents with appNET prospectively registered with the German Malignant Endocrine Tumour (MET) studies between 1997 and 2022. RESULTS By December 2022, 662 patients (64.7% females, 35.3% male) had been reported. Median age was 13.3 years [4.5-17.9], median duration of follow-up 2.2 years [0-10.9]. No distant metastases were reported. Tumour size was <1 cm in 63.5%, 1-2 cm in 33.2%, and >2 cm in 3.2% of patients. WHO grade 1 and 2 tumours were diagnosed in 76.9% and 23.1% of patients, respectively. Lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases were associated with tumour size ≥1.5 cm. 27.0% of patients presented with high-risk NET according to ENETS criteria. Of those, only 55.9% underwent secondary oncological right hemicolectomy. Neither distant metastases, nor recurrences or disease-related deaths occurred in patients with appendectomy only as well as in patients with completion RHC. Overall and event-free survival were both 100%. CONCLUSIONS Internationally harmonized consensus recommendations on treatment of children and adolescents with appendiceal NET are urgently needed to avoid completion RHC in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhlen
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Marina Kunstreich
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich-Frank Pape
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Asklepios Tumorzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Seitz
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Center for Paediatric Surgery of the University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Paediatric Surgery, Center for Paediatric Surgery of the University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lienhard Lessel
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Department of Pathology, Section of Paediatric Pathology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Peter Vorwerk
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antje Redlich
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Bachiri S, van Amstel P, Koppen IJN, van der Weide MC, Raphael MF, Gorter RR. Hemicolectomy versus appendectomy alone for appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours between 1-2 cm in size-are we overtreating? Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2420-2424. [PMID: 37859747 PMCID: PMC10583003 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Said Bachiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van Amstel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilan J. N. Koppen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke C. van der Weide
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine F. Raphael
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon R. Gorter
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Al Amri FS, Alalyani RT, Alshehri RM, Alalyani YT, Ladnah LM, Ladnah TM, Alqahtani A. A Study of Misconceptions About Appendicitis Among the Resident Population of the Aseer Region. Cureus 2023; 15:e45229. [PMID: 37842387 PMCID: PMC10576467 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendicitis is a common abdominal emergency requiring swift medical intervention. Misconceptions about this condition can lead to delayed diagnosis and potentially life-threatening complications. In the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia, where healthcare accessibility and awareness levels vary, addressing such misconceptions is of paramount importance. The aim of this study is to investigate and identify the prevalent misconceptions regarding appendicitis among the resident population of the Aseer region. Understanding the prevalent misconceptions and knowledge gaps is essential to develop targeted educational interventions and enhance public awareness. METHODS This study utilized a cross-sectional study design to investigate misconceptions about appendicitis among residents in the Aseer region. Over a period of three months, 329 Aseer region resident population were interviewed. The symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures of appendicitis were all covered in a questionnaire that was created to gather information on people's knowledge of appendicitis. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was performed using frequencies and percentages, while inferential analysis employed appropriate statistical tests such as chi-square. RESULTS The study's 329 participants were made up of 56% men and 44% women. 40% of the sample size was between the ages of 18 and 30, 26% were between the ages of 31 and 40, 15% were between the ages of 41 and 50, and 10% were above 50 years, with those under the age of 18 years accounting for the smallest proportion (9%). The majority of the respondents (37%) were college graduates, 25% were college students, 23% were in high school and 15% were in middle school. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine the associations between background knowledge and pain area, as well as between background knowledge and source of information. For the association between background knowledge and pain area, the Chi-square test yielded a significant result (X² = 9.104, p = 0.028); the Chi-square test also revealed a significant result (X² = 8.078, p = 0.044) between background knowledge and the source of information about appendicitis. CONCLUSION The analysis suggests a notable knowledge gap among the participants, with a significant portion displaying limited understanding or responding with "I don't know" when queried about appendicitis. It is important to note that this observation includes middle school students, who may be too young to be expected to possess knowledge about medical conditions. Additionally, there appears to be gender-related variation in opinions, misconceptions, and understanding regarding appendicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad S Al Amri
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Reem T Alalyani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Renad M Alshehri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | | | - Lubna M Ladnah
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Tariq M Ladnah
- General Practice, Alfirsha General Hospital, Khamis Mushait, SAU
| | - Alhanouf Alqahtani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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Management and outcome of high-risk neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix in children; A systematic review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:329-338. [PMID: 36372617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed the literature to investigate the value of secondary surgery for children with a high-risk neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of appendix. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. All randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series reporting on the management and outcomes of patients (<20 years) with a histopathologically proven NET of the appendix were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently selected eligible articles, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. The outcomes of patients with a high-risk NET treated with secondary surgery were compared to those treated without secondary surgery. Primary outcomes were recurrence rate and disease-free survival. The literature search yielded 667 articles, of which 29 were included. These studies reported on 1112 patients, of whom 145 (13%) had high-risk NET. Heterogeneity between studies was large and risk of bias was serious in 26 and moderate in three studies. Secondary surgery after primary appendectomy was performed in 64 of 145 patients (44%). Length of follow-up ranged between 0 and 612 months. In both treatment groups no recurrences were reported, and thus disease-free survival was 100%. Based on current literature, the value of secondary surgery for pediatric high-risk NET of the appendix may be questioned. However, evidence is scarce, of low-quality, and heterogeneity between studies is large. Large international studies with adequate follow-up are needed to generate high-quality evidence on this topic.
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Arredondo Montero J, Antona G, Rivero Marcotegui A, Bardají Pascual C, Bronte Anaut M, Ros Briones R, Fernández-Celis A, López-Andrés N, Martín-Calvo N. Discriminatory capacity of serum interleukin-6 between complicated and uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children: a prospective validation study. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:810-817. [PMID: 36114365 PMCID: PMC9617836 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) has a moderate diagnostic performance in pediatric acute appendicitis (PAA). The evidence regarding its capacity to discern between complicated and uncomplicated PAA is scarce. METHODS We designed a prospective observational study to validate serum IL-6 as a marker for diagnostic classification between complicated and uncomplicated PAA. This study included 205 patients divided into three groups: (1) patients who underwent major outpatient surgery (n = 57); (2) patients with non-surgical abdominal pain (NSAP) in whom the diagnosis of PAA was excluded (n = 53), and (3) patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PAA (n = 95). The PAA patients were further classified as uncomplicated or complicated PAA. IL-6 concentration was determined in all patients at diagnosis. Comparative statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Fisher exact test and the Kruskall Wallis test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were calculated. RESULTS Median (interquartile range, IQR) serum IL-6 values were 2 pg/mL (2.0-3.4) in group 1, 3.9 pg/mL (2.4-11.9) in group 2, and 23.9 pg/mL (11.1-61.0) in group 3 (P < 0.001). Among the participants in group 3, those with uncomplicated PAA had median (IQR) serum IL-6 values of 17.2 pg/mL (8.5-36.8), and those with complicated PAA had 60.25 pg/mL (27.1-169) serum IL-6 (P < 0.001). At the cut-off point of 19.55 pg/mL, the AUC for the discrimination between patients in group 2 vs. 3 was 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.90], with a sensitivity of 61.3% and a specificity of 86.8. The AUC for the discrimination between patients with uncomplicated and complicated PAA was 0.77 (95% CI 0.68-0.86) and the cut-off point was 25.90 pg/mL, with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.6% and 65.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum IL-6 has a good performance in discerning between complicated and uncomplicated PAA. A score including clinical and radiological variables may increase the diagnostic performance of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arredondo Montero
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Giuseppa Antona
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Bardají Pascual
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Ros Briones
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Fernández-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, NavarraBiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, NavarraBiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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