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Role of adipose tissue GLP-1R expression in metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6274. [PMID: 31000783 PMCID: PMC6472499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the relationship between GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression in adipose tissue (AT) and incretin secretion, glucose homeostasis and weight loss, in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes undergoing bariatric surgery. RNA was extracted from subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) AT biopsies from 40 patients randomized to metabolic gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy or greater curvature plication. Biochemical parameters, fasting plasma insulin, glucagon and area under the curve (AUC) of GLP-1 following a standard meal test were determined before and 1 year after bariatric surgery. GLP-1R expression was higher in VAT than in SAT. GLP-1R expression in VAT correlated with weight (r = −0.453, p = 0.008), waist circumference (r = −0.494, p = 0.004), plasma insulin (r = −0.466, p = 0.007), and systolic blood pressure (BP) (r = −0.410, p = 0.018). At 1 year, GLP-1R expression in VAT was negatively associated with diastolic BP (r = −0.361, p = 0.039) and, following metabolic gastric bypass, with the increase of GLP-1 AUC, (R2 = 0.46, p = 0.038). Finally, GLP-1R in AT was similar independently of diabetes outcomes and was not associated with weight loss after surgery. Thus, GLP-1R expression in AT is of limited value to predict incretin response and does not play a role in metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery.
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Dandona P, Ghanim H, Chaudhuri A. Incretins: Beyond type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 1:59-67. [PMID: 29364583 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While the use of incretins, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and PDD-IV inhibitors, is well established in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, many other aspects of these agents are yet to be discovered and utilized for their potential clinical benefit. These include the potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the induction of weight loss, blood pressure reduction, anti-inflammatory and nephro- and cardio-protective actions. Their potential benefit in type 1 diabetes is also being investigated. This review will attempt to comprehensively describe novel discoveries in the field of incretin pathophysiology and pharmacology beyond their classical role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Dandona
- Diabetes-Endocrinology Center of Western NY, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Husam Ghanim
- Diabetes-Endocrinology Center of Western NY, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ajay Chaudhuri
- Diabetes-Endocrinology Center of Western NY, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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El Bekay R, Coín-Aragüez L, Fernández-García D, Oliva-Olivera W, Bernal-López R, Clemente-Postigo M, Delgado-Lista J, Diaz-Ruiz A, Guzman-Ruiz R, Vázquez-Martínez R, Lhamyani S, Roca-Rodríguez MM, Veledo SF, Vendrell J, Malagón MM, Tinahones FJ. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on the differentiation and metabolism of human adipocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1820-34. [PMID: 26993859 PMCID: PMC4867741 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and cause weight loss in obese subjects by as yet unknown mechanisms. We recently demonstrated that the GLP-1 receptor, which is present in adipocytes and the stromal vascular fraction of human adipose tissue (AT), is up-regulated in AT of insulin-resistant morbidly obese subjects compared with healthy lean subjects. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of in vitro and in vivo administration of GLP-1 and its analogues on AT and adipocyte functions from T2D morbidly obese subjects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We analysed the effects of GLP-1 on human AT and isolated adipocytes in vitro and the effects of GLP-1 mimetics on AT of morbidly obese T2D subjects in vivo. KEY RESULTS GLP-1 down-regulated the expression of lipogenic genes when administered during in vitro differentiation of human adipocytes from morbidly obese patients. GLP-1 also decreased the expression of adipogenic/lipogenic genes in AT explants and mature adipocytes, while increasing that of lipolytic markers and adiponectin. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GLP-1 decreased free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). GLP-1-induced responses were only partially blocked by GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin (9–39). Moreover, administration of exenatide or liraglutide reduced adipogenic and inflammatory marker mRNA in AT of T2D obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that the beneficial effects of GLP-1 are associated with changes in the adipogenic potential and ability of AT to expand, via activation of the canonical GLP-1 receptor and an additional, as yet unknown, receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa El Bekay
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Leticia Coín-Aragüez
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Fernández-García
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa Bernal-López
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Medicine, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/Universidad de Cordoba, CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzman-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/Universidad de Cordoba, CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/Universidad de Cordoba, CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Said Lhamyani
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Mar Roca-Rodríguez
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Joan Vendrell
- CIBERDEM, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Pere Virgili Institute, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/Universidad de Cordoba, CIBERobn, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition CB06/03, Carlos III Health Institute, Malaga, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Virgen de la Victoria Clinical University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
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Li X, Jiang L, Yang M, Wu Y, Sun S, Sun J. GLP-1 receptor agonist increases the expression of CTRP3, a novel adipokine, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through PKA signal pathway. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:73-9. [PMID: 25149084 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on the expression of C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3), a novel adipokine, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The role of protein kinase A (PKA) signal pathway in the effects was also investigated. METHODS The mRNA and protein expressions of CTRP3 in 3T3-L1 adiocytes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Exendin-fragment 9-39 (Ex-9), a specific GLP-1 receptor antagonist, and H89, a selective antagonist of PKA, were used to confirm the signal pathway of Ex-4 on CTRP3. RESULTS 2.5 or 5.0 nmol/l Ex-4 treatment for 8 h increased the expressions of CTRP3 mRNA and protein as well as PKA protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly, while Ex-9 or H89 blocked the up-regulation of CTRP3 expression induced by Ex-4 completely. CONCLUSION GLP-1 receptor agonist increases the expression of CTRP3 mRNA and protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via PKA signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - M Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - S Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Emami A, Nazem R, Hedayati M. Is association between thyroid hormones and gut peptides, ghrelin and obestatin, able to suggest new regulatory relation between the HPT axis and gut? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 189:17-21. [PMID: 24508278 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin and obestatin are important appetite- and energy-regulating peptides, secreted by the stomach. These gut peptides and thyroid hormones are involved in metabolism regulation. Although subclinical thyroidism is common, to date, very few studies have been reported about gut hormones in thyroid dysfunction, and their results are controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate ghrelin and obestatin in patients with subclinical hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Moreover, is association between thyroid hormones and gut peptides able to suggest new regulatory relation between the HPT axis and gut? MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group included 70 subclinical hypo- and hyperthyroid subjects (in equal groups) and 35 healthy euthyroid controls. Serum values of ghrelin, obestatin, free T3, free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone and the ratio of ghrelin to obestatin were measured in all participants. RESULTS Ghrelin and obestatin both decreased in subclinical hypothyroid subjects (320±81ng/l and 44.3±11.7ng/l, respectively) compared to the control group (487±110ng/l and 58.5±10.3ng/l, respectively). On the other hand, ghrelin and obestatin both increased in subclinical hyperthyroid subjects (750±289ng/l and 71.1±27.3ng/l, respectively) compared to the control group. In addition, ghrelin and obestatin showed strong correlations with TSH, FT3 and FT4. CONCLUSION This study shows that gut hormones are significantly associated with thyroid hormones. Thus, there may be a cross talk between the HPT axis and gut. We would like to consider new regulatory relation for description of the found data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Emami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute For Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Nazem
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute For Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute For Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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Irvin MR, Shrestha S, Chen YDI, Wiener HW, Haritunians T, Vaughan LK, Tiwari HK, Taylor KD, Scherzer R, Saag MS, Grunfeld C, Rotter JI, Arnett DK. Genes linked to energy metabolism and immunoregulatory mechanisms are associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in HIV-infected men. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2012; 21:798-807. [PMID: 21897333 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32834b68f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic studies may help explain abnormalities of fat distribution in HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ARV). METHODS Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume measured by MRI in the leg, the lower trunk, the upper trunk, and the arm was examined in 192 HIV-infected White men, ARV-treated from the Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV infection study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were assayed using the Illumina Human CNV370-quad beadchip. Multivariate and univariate genome-wide association analyses of the four SAT depots were implemented in PLINK software adjusted for age and ARV duration. Functional annotation analysis using Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis tool was carried out for markers with P lower than 10(-3) near known genes identified by multivariate analysis. RESULTS Loci (rs10504906, rs13267998, rs921231) in or near the anion exchanger solute carrier family 26, member 7 isoform a (SLC26A7) were strongly associated with the upper trunk and the arm SAT (9.8×10(-7) ≤P<7.8×10(-6)). Loci (rs193139, rs7523050, rs1761621) in and near a gene-rich region including G-protein-signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2) and syntaxin-binding protein 3 (STXBP3) were significantly associated with the lower body SAT depots (9.9×10(-7) ≤P<9.5×10(-6)). GPSM2 is associated with cell division and cancer whereas STXBP3 is associated with glucose metabolism in adipoctyes. Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis identified atherosclerosis, mitochondrial function, and T-cell-mediated apoptosis as processes related to SAT volume in HIV-infected individuals (P<5×10(-3)). CONCLUSION Our results are limited by the small sample size and replication is needed; however, this genomic scan uncovered new genes associated with metabolism and inflammatory pathways that may affect SAT volume in ARV-treated HIV-infected patients.
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Miegueu P, Cianflone K, Richard D, St-Pierre DH. Motilin stimulates preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation and adipocyte lipid storage. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E758-66. [PMID: 21771971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00089.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Motilin is a circulating gastrointestinal peptide secreted primarily by duodenal mucosal M cells and recognized for its prokinetic effects on gastrointestinal tissues. Little information is available regarding effects on insulin/glucose homeostasis or adipocyte function. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of motilin on adipocyte proliferation, differentiation, lipolysis, and macronutrient uptake in adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells and primary rat adipocytes were treated acutely and chronically with varying motilin concentrations, and effects were compared with vehicle alone (control), set as 100% for all assays. In preadipocytes, motilin stimulated proliferation ([(3)H]thymidine incorporation) and mitochondrial activity (141 ± 10%, P < 0.001 and 158 ± 10%, respectively, P < 0.001), in a concentration-dependent manner. Chronic supplementation with motilin during differentiation further increased lipogenesis (Oil red O staining 191 ± 27%, P < 0.05) and was associated with an upregulation of PPARγ (148 ± 8%, P < 0.01), C/EBPα (142 ± 17%, P < 0.05), and Cav3 (166 ± 20%, P < 0.05) expression. In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes motilin increased fatty acid uptake/incorporation (≤ 202 ± 12%; P < 0.01) and glucose uptake (146 ± 9% P < 0.05) and decreased net fatty acid release (maximal -31%, P < 0.05) without influencing total lipolysis (glycerol release). Similar effects were obtained in primary rat adipocytes. Motilin acutely increased expression of PPARγ, CEBPβ, DGAT1, and CD36 while decreasing adiponectin mRNA and secretion. In human adipose tissue, motilin receptor GPR38 correlated with HOMA-IR and GHSR1 (r = 0.876, P < 0.0001). Motilin binding and fatty acid incorporation into adipocytes were inhibited by antagonists MB10 and [D-lys3]-GRP6 and PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. Taken together, these results suggest that motilin may directly influence adipocyte functions by stimulating energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Miegueu
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Vendrell J, El Bekay R, Peral B, García-Fuentes E, Megia A, Macias-Gonzalez M, Fernández Real J, Jimenez-Gomez Y, Escoté X, Pachón G, Simó R, Selva DM, Malagón MM, Tinahones FJ. Study of the potential association of adipose tissue GLP-1 receptor with obesity and insulin resistance. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4072-9. [PMID: 21862620 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The increase in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) activity has emerged as a useful therapeutic tool for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The actions of GLP-1 on β-cells and the nervous and digestive systems are well known. The action of this peptide in adipose tissue (AT), however, is still poorly defined. Furthermore, no relationship has been established between GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in AT and obesity and insulin resistance (IR). We provide evidence for the presence of this receptor in AT and show that its mRNA and protein expressions are increased in visceral adipose depots from morbidly obese patients with a high degree of IR. Experiments with the 3T3-L1 cell line showed the lipolytic and lipogenic dose-dependent effect of GLP-1. Moreover, GLP-1 stimulated lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a receptor-dependent manner involving downstream adenylate cyclase/cAMP signaling. Our data also demonstrate that the expression of the GLP-1R in AT correlated positively with the homeostasis model assessment index in obese IR subjects. Furthermore, prospective studies carried out with patients that underwent biliopancreatic diversion surgery showed that subjects with high levels of GLP-1R expression in AT, which indicates a deficit of GLP-1 in this tissue, were those whose insulin sensitivity improved after surgery, suggesting the potential relationship between AT GLP-1R and insulin sensitivity amelioration in obese subjects. Altogether these results indicate that the GLP-1/GLP-1R system in AT represents another potential candidate for improving insulin sensitivity in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Vendrell
- University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine recent papers linking enteroendocrine cells to lipid absorption. RECENT FINDINGS Specific inactivation of the proendocrine transcription factor neurogenin 3 (Ngn3) in the intestine leads to a loss of enteroendocrine cells, growth retardation, impaired lipid absorption and a high mortality during the weaning period. Furthermore, gain and loss of function experiments using mouse, hamster and primary enterocytes demonstrate that apoB-48-containing chylomicron formation and secretion may be regulated by enteroendocrine hormones. This seems to involve the multilineage scavenger receptor CD36, glycosylation of which is indirectly stimulated by enteroendocrine hormones. SUMMARY Hormones and peptides secreted by enteroendocrine cells are well known for their effect on food intake and appetite, the regulation of glucose homeostasis, gut motility, and various other physiological functions. What can now be added to this list is that they also influence lipid absorption, which opens up new opportunities to develop treatments for people suffering from overweight and its associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Mellitzer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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Gregori D, Foltran F, Verduci E, Ballali S, Franchin L, Ghidina M, Halpern GM, Giovannini M. A genetic perspective on nutritional profiles: do we still need them? JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2011; 4:25-35. [PMID: 21430388 DOI: 10.1159/000322569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of nutritional genomics and the availability of nutrigenetic tests, which use genetic information to identify food products suited/not suited to the individual nutrigenetic profile, allow defining personalized dietary advice. AIM To compare personalized dietary advice provided to 24 Italian children by a nutrigenetic test based on the recommendations from 2 different, widely employed nutrient profiling (NP) schemes, the USA Health Claims (USAHC) and the Guidelines for Responsible Food Marketing to Children, published by the US Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI); the genetic test-NP agreement regarding 50 commonly eaten foods has been calculated. METHODS Twelve normal-weight and 12 overweight children were recruited in the Trieste district (North-East Italy), and nutrigenetic testing was offered using the G-Diet® Nutrigenomic Kit. Variants of 20 genes were tested and personalized dietary advice was formulated for each subject. The agreement between the NP schemes and among the nutrigenomic indications and both profiles was computed using Cohen's κ. RESULTS Agreement between the USAHC and CSPI schemes was very poor overall (Cohen's κ=0.66). The agreement among the nutrigenomic indications and profiles ranged overall from 0.43 to 0.74 for each nutrigenomic profile with the USAHC, and from 0.29 to 0.80 with the CSPI. CONCLUSION Disagreement on food classification among different NP schemes and inconsistencies deriving from nutrigenetic tests advocate more research into this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gregori
- Laboratories of Epidemiological Methods and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Jia L, Ma Y, Liu G, Yu L. Dietary cholesterol reverses resistance to diet-induced weight gain in mice lacking Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:3024-33. [PMID: 20601625 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m008599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) mediates intestinal cholesterol absorption. NPC1L1 knockout (L1-KO) mice were recently shown to be resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in one study, which was contrary to several other studies. Careful comparison of dietary compositions in these studies implies a potential role of dietary cholesterol in regulating weight gain. To examine this potential, wild-type (WT) and L1-KO mice were fed one of three sets of diets for various durations: (1) a HFD without added cholesterol for 5 weeks; (2) a high-carbohydrate diet with or without added cholesterol for 5 weeks; or (3) a synthetic HFD with or without added cholesterol for 18 weeks. We found that L1-KO mice were protected against diet-induced weight gain only on a diet without added cholesterol but not on a diet containing 0.16% or 0.2% (w/w) cholesterol, an amount similar to a typical Western diet, regardless of the major energy source of the diet. Food intake and intestinal fat absorption were similar between the two genotypes. Intestinal cholesterol absorption was blocked, and fecal cholesterol excretion increased in L1-KO mice. Under all diets, L1-KO mice were protected from hepatosteatosis. In conclusion, increasing dietary cholesterol restores diet-induced weight gain in mice deficient in NPC1L1-dependent cholesterol absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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