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Wang K, Wang S, Qin X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Zhou C, Zou D. The causal relationship between gut microbiota and biliary tract cancer: comprehensive bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1308742. [PMID: 38558852 PMCID: PMC10978781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1308742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence has shown that gut microbiome composition is associated with Biliary tract cancer (BTC), but the causality remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and BTC, conduct an appraisal of the gut microbiome's utility in facilitating the early diagnosis of BTC. Methods We acquired the summary data for Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) pertaining to BTC (418 cases and 159,201 controls) from the Biobank Japan (BBJ) database. Additionally, the GWAS summary data relevant to gut microbiota (N = 18,340) were sourced from the MiBioGen consortium. The primary methodology employed for the analysis consisted of Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW). Evaluations for sensitivity were carried out through the utilization of multiple statistical techniques, encompassing Cochrane's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept evaluation, the global test of MR-PRESSO, and a leave-one-out methodological analysis. Ultimately, a reverse Mendelian Randomization analysis was conducted to assess the potential for reciprocal causality. Results The outcomes derived from IVW substantiated that the presence of Family Streptococcaceae (OR = 0.44, P = 0.034), Family Veillonellaceae (OR = 0.46, P = 0.018), and Genus Dorea (OR = 0.29, P = 0.041) exerted a protective influence against BTC. Conversely, Class Lentisphaeria (OR = 2.21, P = 0.017), Genus Lachnospiraceae FCS020 Group (OR = 2.30, P = 0.013), and Order Victivallales (OR = 2.21, P = 0.017) were associated with an adverse impact. To assess any reverse causal effect, we used BTC as the exposure and the gut microbiota as the outcome, and this analysis revealed associations between BTC and five different types of gut microbiota. The sensitivity analysis disclosed an absence of empirical indicators for either heterogeneity or pleiotropy. Conclusion This investigation represents the inaugural identification of indicative data supporting either beneficial or detrimental causal relationships between gut microbiota and the risk of BTC, as determined through the utilization of MR methodologies. These outcomes could hold significance for the formulation of individualized therapeutic strategies aimed at BTC prevention and survival enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Suijian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xianzheng Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jieyang Third People’s Hospital, Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Murphy G, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Albanes D, Cross AJ, Huang WY, Koshiol J, McGlynn K, Parisi D, Männistö S, Weinstein SJ, Waterboer T, Butt J. Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter bilis in liver and biliary cancers from ATBC and PLCO. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13053. [PMID: 38332674 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter species (spp.) have been detected in human bile and hepatobiliary tissue Helicobacter spp. promote gallstone formation and hepatobiliary tumors in laboratory studies, though it remains unclear whether Helicobacter spp. contribute to these cancers in humans. We used a multiplex panel to assess whether seropositivity to Helicobacter (H.) hepaticus or H. bilis proteins was associated with the development of hepatobiliary cancers in the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, and US-based Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). METHODS We included 62 biliary and 121 liver cancers, and 190 age-matched controls from ATBC and 74 biliary and 105 liver cancers, and 364 age- and sex-matched controls from PLCO. Seropositivity to 14 H. hepaticus and H. bilis antigens was measured using a multiplex assay. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for major hepatobiliary cancer risk factors and Helicobacter pylori serostatus. RESULTS Seropositivity to the H. bilis antigen, P167D, was associated with more than a twofold higher risk of liver cancer (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.36) and seropositivity to the H. hepaticus antigens HH0407 or HH1201, or H. bilis antigen, HRAG 01470 were associated with higher risk of biliary cancer (OR: 5.01; 95% CI: 1.53, 16.40; OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.00, 5.76; OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.14, 9.34, respectively) within PLCO. No associations for any of the H. hepaticus or H. bilis antigens were noted for liver or biliary cancers within ATBC. CONCLUSIONS Further investigations in cohort studies should examine the role of Helicobacter spp. in the etiology of liver and biliary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group (CSPRG), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group (CSPRG), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominick Parisi
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Thai TD, Chuenchom C, Donsa W, Faksri K, Sripa B, Edwards SW, Salao K. Helicobacter pylori extract induces purified neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species only in the presence of plasma. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:89. [PMID: 37901879 PMCID: PMC10603375 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
H. pylori is a bacterial pathogen infecting over half of the world's population and induces several gastric and extra-gastric diseases through its various virulence factors, especially cagA. These factors may be released from the bacteria during interactions with host immune cells. Neutrophils play key roles in innate immunity, and their activity is regulated by plasma factors, which can alter how these cells may interact with pathogens. The aim of the present study was to determine whether purified neutrophils could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the key functions of their anti-microbial functions, in response to extracts of cagA+ and cagA- H. pylori. Extracts from either cagA+ or cagA- H. pylori were co-cultured with human neutrophils in the presence or absence of plasma, and the neutrophil ROS production was measured. In the absence of plasma, extracts from cagA+ and cagA- H. pylori did not induce neutrophil ROS production, whereas in the presence of plasma, extracts from both cagA+ and cagA- H. pylori-induced ROS production. Furthermore, when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were added to the purified neutrophils in the absence of plasma, there was no neutrophil ROS production after challenging with extracts from either cagA+ or cagA- H. pylori. Thus, it is suggested that plasma contains immunological components that change the responsiveness of neutrophils, such that when neutrophils encounter the bacterial antigens in H. pylori extracts, they become activated and produce ROS. This study also revealed a potential novel immunopathogenic pathway by which cagA activation of neutrophils contributed to inflammatory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Duong Thai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chalida Chuenchom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wachiraporn Donsa
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Steven W. Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, United Kingdom
| | - Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Ye C, Dong C, Lin Y, Shi H, Zhou W. Interplay between the Human Microbiome and Biliary Tract Cancer: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2598. [PMID: 37894256 PMCID: PMC10608879 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer, encompassing intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as gallbladder carcinoma, stands as a prevalent malignancy characterized by escalating incidence rates and unfavorable prognoses. The onset of cholangiocarcinoma involves a multitude of risk factors and could potentially be influenced by microbial exposure. The human microbiome, encompassing the entirety of human microbial genetic information, assumes a pivotal role in regulating key aspects such as host digestion, absorption, immune responses, and metabolism. The widespread application of next-generation sequencing technology has notably propelled investigations into the intricate relationship between the microbiome and diseases. An accumulating body of evidence strongly suggests a profound interconnection between biliary tract cancer and the human microbiome. This article critically appraises the existing evidence pertaining to the microbiome milieu within patients afflicted by biliary tract cancer. Furthermore, it delves into potential mechanisms through which dysregulation of the human microbiome could contribute to the advancement of biliary tract cancer. Additionally, the article expounds on its role in the context of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huaqing Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.Y.); (C.D.); (Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Cossiga V, Guarino M, Capasso M, Morisco F. Relevance of Bile Acids in Cholangiocarcinoma Pathogenesis: Critical Revision and Future Directions. Cells 2023; 12:1576. [PMID: 37371045 PMCID: PMC10296882 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly heterogeneous cancer, is the second most common type of primary liver cancer. It is characterized by resistance to therapy and poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate lower than 20%. The pathogenesis of CCA is complex and multifactorial, and in recent years, bile acids (BAs) have been implicated in CCA development and prognosis. BAs belong to a category of amphipathic compounds that hold significant importance as signaling molecules and inflammatory agents. They possess the ability to activate transcriptional factors and cellular signaling pathways, thereby governing the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism in diverse human disorders. These disorders encompass chronic liver diseases among other conditions. In this review, we provided an update on the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involving BAs in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Additionally, we analyzed the role of gut and biliary microbiota in CCA pathogenesis. Future research is required to better understand how to modulate BA activity and, possibly, identify new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Filomena Morisco
- Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.C.); (M.G.); (M.C.)
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Bragazzi MC, Venere R, Vignone A, Alvaro D, Cardinale V. Role of the Gut–Liver Axis in the Pathobiology of Cholangiopathies: Basic and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076660. [PMID: 37047635 PMCID: PMC10095354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The “Gut–Liver Axis” refers to the physiological bidirectional interplay between the gut and its microbiota and the liver which, in health, occurs thanks to a condition of immune tolerance. In recent years, several studies have shown that, in case of a change in gut bacterial homeostasis or impairment of intestinal barrier functions, cholangiocytes, which are the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts, activate innate immune responses against gut-derived microorganisms or bacterial products that reach the liver via enterohepatic circulation. Intestinal dysbiosis or impaired intestinal barrier functions cause cholangiocytes to be exposed to an increasing amount of microorganisms that can reactivate inflammatory responses, thus inducing the onset of liver fibrosis. The present review focuses on the role of the gut–liver axis in the pathogenesis of cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Bragazzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Venere
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Anthony Vignone
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Roma, Italy
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Kugler T, Taradin G. HELICOBACTER AND HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES: UPDATE 2023. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:271-281. [PMID: 37556754 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202302023-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
•Clinical studies have shown that hepatobiliary diseases of inflammatory and neoplastic origin are associated with Helicobacter infection. •Translocation and the ascending pathway are putative mechanisms for Helicobacter spp to enter the hepatobiliary system. •H. pylori infection has a systemic effect through the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, leukotrienes, interferon-β, interferon-γ, and acute phase proteins. •Histopathological confirmation is needed to present that H. pylori eradication prevents or improves hepatobiliary disease progression. Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main infectious causes of gastroduodenal diseases, however, its role in developing different extragastric diseases has been proven. The possible involvement of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, skin, and hepatobiliary diseases is suggested. The bacterium has been found in tissue samples from the liver, biliary tract, and gallstones of animals and humans. However, the role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of liver and biliary diseases has not been finally established. The histopathological confirmation of the positive effect of H. pylori eradication is needed. In addition, there are discussions on the clinical significance of other Helicobacter species. The review presents the data available for and against the involvement of H. pylori in hepatobi-liary disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kugler
- Donetsk National Medical University, Faculty of postgraduate education, Department of Therapy, Donetsk Oblast, Ucrânia
| | - Gennady Taradin
- Donetsk National Medical University, Faculty of postgraduate education, Department of Therapy, Donetsk Oblast, Ucrânia
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8
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Gros B, Gómez Pérez A, Pleguezuelo M, Serrano Ruiz FJ, de la Mata M, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M. Helicobacter Species and Hepato-Biliary Tract Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030595. [PMID: 36765552 PMCID: PMC9913828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter species may cause chronic inflammation of the biliary tract, but its relationship with cancer is controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between Helicobacter species and hepatobiliary tract malignancies. Twenty-six studies (4083 patients) were included in qualitative synthesis, and 18 studies (n = 1895 qualified for meta-analysis. All studies were at high-intermediate risk of bias. Most studies combined several direct microbiological methods, mostly PCR (23 studies), culture (8 studies), and/or CLOtest (5 studies). Different specimens alone or in combination were investigated, most frequently bile (16 studies), serum (7 studies), liver/biliary tissue (8 studies), and gastric tissue (3 studies). Patients with Helicobacter species infection had an increased risk of hepatobiliary tract malignancies (OR = 3.61 [95% CI 2.18-6.00]; p < 0.0001), with high heterogeneity in the analysis (I2 = 61%; p = 0.0003). This effect was consistent when Helicobacter was assessed in bile (OR = 3.57 [95% CI 1.73-7.39]; p = 0.0006), gastric tissue (OR = 42.63 [95% CI 5.25-346.24]; p = 0.0004), liver/biliary tissue (OR = 4.92 [95% CI 1.90-12.76]; p = 0.001) and serum (OR = 1.38 [95% CI 1.00-1.90]; p = 0.05). Heterogeneity was reduced in these sub-analyses (I2 = 0-27%; p = ns), except for liver/biliary tissue (I2 = 57%; p = 0.02). In conclusion, based on low-certainty data, Helicobacter species chronic infection is associated with a tripled risk of hepatobiliary tract malignancy. Prospective studies are required to delineate public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gros
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez Pérez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Pleguezuelo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Serrano Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel de la Mata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-617-854-692
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9
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Phung HTT, Deenonpoe R, Suttiprapa S, Mairiang E, Edwards SW, Sripa B. Persistent advanced periductal fibrosis is associated with cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori infection in post-praziquantel treatment of opisthorchiasis. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12897. [PMID: 35527695 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is associated with several hepatobiliary diseases including advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) and cholangiocarcinoma. Recently, we demonstrated a persistent APF in over one-third of opisthorchiasis patients after worm removal by praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of this phenomena is unclear. Given a co-infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) especially cagA-positive strain enhances APF, we hypothesized that H. pylori with CagA virulent factor contributes to persistent APF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five opisthorchiasis patients who underwent ultrasonography and treatment with PZQ were recruited in the 2-year follow-up study. Helicobacter and its cagA in the feces were examined by conventional and qPCR. Correlations between prevalence or bacterial loads of Helicobacter spp., H. pylori, and cagA-positive H. pylori before and after PZQ treatment were analyzed among resolved, slowly resolved, relapsed, and persistent APF groups. RESULTS Overall, prevalence of Helicobacter spp., H. pylori, and cagA-positive H. pylori declined after PZQ treatment. However, only the prevalence and bacterial loads of cagA-positive H. pylori detected at 2-year post-treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (p < .05). In addition, both prevalence and bacterial loads of cagA-positive H. pylori were significantly lower in the resolved APF group after PZQ treatment, while there were no significant changes in the slowly resolved, relapsed, and persistent APF groups. Among the APF subgroups, cagA-positive H. pylori prevalence in both relapsed and persistent APF groups were significantly higher than the resolved APF group. CONCLUSION The results support our hypothesis that H. pylori, especially cagA-positive strain, contributes to the relapsed and persistent APF. A supplementary antibiotic treatment for H. pylori to reduce persistent APF and eventually CCA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Thi Thu Phung
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Raksawan Deenonpoe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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10
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Liu J, Zhang Y. Intratumor microbiome in cancer progression: current developments, challenges and future trends. Biomark Res 2022; 10:37. [PMID: 35642013 PMCID: PMC9153132 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated disease attributed to multifactorial changes, which causes difficulties with treatment strategies. Various factors have been regarded as the main contributors, and infectious etiological factors have recently attracted interest. Several microbiomes contribute to carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and modulating cancer treatment by inducing cancerous epithelial cells and chronic inflammation. Most of our knowledge on the role of microbiota in tumor oncogenesis and clinical efficiency is associated with the intestinal microbiome. However, compelling evidence has also confirmed the contribution of the intratumor microbiome in cancer. Indeed, the findings of clinical tumor samples, animal models, and studies in vitro have revealed that many intratumor microbiomes promote tumorigenesis and immune evasion. In addition, the intratumor microbiome participates in regulating the immune response and even affects the outcomes of cancer treatment. This review summarizes the interplay between the intratumor microbiota and cancer, focusing on the contribution and mechanism of intratumor microbiota in cancer initiation, progression, and potential applications to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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11
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Wheatley RC, Kilgour E, Jacobs T, Lamarca A, Hubner RA, Valle JW, McNamara MG. Potential influence of the microbiome environment in patients with biliary tract cancer and implications for therapy. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:693-705. [PMID: 34663949 PMCID: PMC8888758 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers, including intra- and extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as gallbladder cancer, are associated with poor prognosis and the majority of patients present with advanced-stage, non-resectable disease at diagnosis. Biliary tract cancer may develop through an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations and can be influenced by microbial exposure. Furthermore, the liver and biliary tract are exposed to the gastrointestinal microbiome through the gut-liver axis. The availability of next-generation sequencing technology has led to an increase in studies investigating the relationship between microbiota and human disease. In particular, the interplay between the microbiome, the tumour micro-environment and response to systemic therapy is a prospering area of interest. Given the poor outcomes for patients with biliary tract cancer, this emerging field of research, through which new biomarkers may be identified, offers potential as a tool for early diagnosis, prognostication or even as a future therapeutic target. This review summarises the available evidence on the microbiome environment in patients with biliary tract cancer, including a discussion around confounding factors, implications for therapy and proposed future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanna C Wheatley
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Elaine Kilgour
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Timothy Jacobs
- The Library, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard A Hubner
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Juan W Valle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mairéad G McNamara
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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12
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Sędzikowska A, Szablewski L. Human Gut Microbiota in Health and Selected Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13440. [PMID: 34948234 PMCID: PMC8708499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of the epithelial surfaces of our body, and the digestive tract, respiratory and urogenital systems, are colonized by a vast number of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans, and viruses. These microbiota, particularly those of the intestines, play an important, beneficial role in digestion, metabolism, and the synthesis of vitamins. Their metabolites stimulate cytokine production by the human host, which are used against potential pathogens. The composition of the microbiota is influenced by several internal and external factors, including diet, age, disease, and lifestyle. Such changes, called dysbiosis, may be involved in the development of various conditions, such as metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroidis and Graves' disease; they can also play a role in nervous system disturbances, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression. An association has also been found between gut microbiota dysbiosis and cancer. Our health is closely associated with the state of our microbiota, and their homeostasis. The aim of this review is to describe the associations between human gut microbiota and cancer, and examine the potential role of gut microbiota in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
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13
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Mo Q, Liu T, Fu A, Ruan S, Zhong H, Tang J, Zhao M, Li Y, Zhu S, Cai H, Feng F. Novel Gut Microbiota Patterns Involved in the Attenuation of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Mouse Colitis Mediated by Glycerol Monolaurate via Inducing Anti-inflammatory Responses. mBio 2021; 12:e0214821. [PMID: 34634946 PMCID: PMC8510546 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02148-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of immune-mediated chronic and relapsing inflammatory gastrointestinal symptoms. IBD cannot be completely cured because of the complex pathogenesis. Glycerol monolaurate (GML), naturally found in breast milk and coconut oil, has excellent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory functions. Here, the protective effect of GML on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colitis and the underlying gut microbiota-dependent mechanism were assessed in C57BL/6 mice pretreated or cotreated with GML and in antibiotic-treated mice transplanted with GML-modulated microbiota. Results showed that GML pretreatment has an advantage over GML cotreatment in alleviating weight loss and reducing disease activity index (DAI), colonic histological scores, and proinflammatory responses. Moreover, the amounts of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and fecal propionic acid and butyric acid were elevated only in mice pretreated with GML upon DSS induction. Of note, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from GML-pretreated mice achieved faster and more significant remission of DSS-induced colitis, manifested as reduced DAI, longer colon, decreased histological scores, and enhanced colonic Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and ratio of serum anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines, as well as the reconstruction of microbial communities, including elevated Helicobacter ganmani and decreased pathogenic microbes. In conclusion, GML-mediated enhancement of Bifidobacterium and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) could be responsible for the anticolitis effect. FMT assay confirmed that gut microbiota modulated by GML was more resistant to DSS-induced colitis via elevating beneficial H. ganmani and establishing Treg tolerant phenotype. Importantly, colitis remission induced by GML is associated with novel gut microbiota patterns, even though different microbial contexts were involved. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota, which can be highly and dynamically affected by dietary components, is closely related to IBD pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that food-grade glycerol monolaurate (GML)-mediated enhancement of Bifidobacterium and fecal SCFAs could be responsible for the anticolitis effect. FMT assay confirmed that gut microbiota modulated by GML was more resistant to DSS-induced colitis via elevating beneficial H. ganmani and establishing Treg tolerant phenotype. Collectively, colitis remission induced by GML is associated with novel gut microbiota patterns, even though different microbial contexts were involved, which further provided a perspective to identify specific microbial members and those responsible for the anticolitis effect, such as Bifidobacterium and Helicobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufen Mo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aikun Fu
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengyue Ruan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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14
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LaCourse KD, Johnston CD, Bullman S. The relationship between gastrointestinal cancers and the microbiota. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:498-509. [PMID: 33743198 PMCID: PMC10773981 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of the microbiota to disease progression and treatment efficacy is often neglected when determining who is at the highest risk of developing gastrointestinal cancers or designing treatment strategies for patients. We reviewed the current literature on the effect of the human microbiota on cancer risk, prognosis, and treatment efficacy. We highlight emerging research that seeks to identify microbial signatures as biomarkers for various gastrointestinal cancers, and discuss how we could harness knowledge of the microbiome to detect, prevent, and treat these cancers. Finally, we outline further research needed in the field of gastrointestinal cancers and the microbiota, and describe the efforts required to increase the accuracy and reproducibility of data linking the microbiome to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn D LaCourse
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher D Johnston
- Vaccine and Infection Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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15
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Thanaphongdecha P, Karinshak SE, Ittiprasert W, Mann VH, Chamgramol Y, Pairojkul C, Fox JG, Suttiprapa S, Sripa B, Brindley PJ. Infection with Helicobacter pylori Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Cholangiocytes. Pathogens 2020; 9:E971. [PMID: 33233485 PMCID: PMC7700263 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that the East Asian liver fluke infection, caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, which is implicated in opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma, serves as a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori. The opisthorchiasis-affected cholangiocytes that line the intrahepatic biliary tract are considered to be the cell of origin of this malignancy. Here, we investigated interactions in vitro among human cholangiocytes, Helicobacter pylori strain NCTC 11637, and the congeneric bacillus, Helicobacter bilis. Exposure to increasing numbers of H. pylori at 0, 1, 10, 100 bacilli per cholangiocyte of the H69 cell line induced phenotypic changes including the profusion of thread-like filopodia and a loss of cell-cell contact, in a dose-dependent fashion. In parallel, following exposure to H. pylori, changes were evident in levels of mRNA expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-encoding factors including snail, slug, vimentin, matrix metalloprotease, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox, and the cancer stem cell marker CD44. Analysis to quantify cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion in real-time by both H69 cholangiocytes and CC-LP-1 line of cholangiocarcinoma cells using the xCELLigence approach and Matrigel matrix revealed that exposure to 10 H. pylori bacilli per cell stimulated migration and invasion by the cholangiocytes. In addition, 10 bacilli of H. pylori stimulated contact-independent colony establishment in soft agar. These findings support the hypothesis that infection by H. pylori contributes to the malignant transformation of the biliary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prissadee Thanaphongdecha
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Shannon E. Karinshak
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
| | - Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
| | - Victoria H. Mann
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.P.)
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (P.T.); (S.E.K.); (W.I.); (V.H.M.)
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16
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The microbiome, genetics, and gastrointestinal neoplasms: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology to analyze the tumor-immune-microbiome interaction. Hum Genet 2020; 140:725-746. [PMID: 33180176 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metagenomic studies using next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed rich human intestinal microbiome, which likely influence host immunity and health conditions including cancer. Evidence indicates a biological link between altered microbiome and cancers in the digestive system. Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis have been found to be enriched in colorectal mucosal tissues from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis that is caused by germline APC mutations. In addition, recent studies have found enrichment of certain oral bacteria, viruses, and fungi in tumor tissue and fecal specimens from patients with gastrointestinal cancer. An integrative approach is required to elucidate the role of microorganisms in the pathogenic process of gastrointestinal cancers, which develop through the accumulation of somatic genetic and epigenetic alterations in neoplastic cells, influenced by host genetic variations, immunity, microbiome, and environmental exposures. The transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) offers research frameworks to link germline genetics and environmental factors (including diet, lifestyle, and pharmacological factors) to pathologic phenotypes. The integration of microbiology into the MPE model (microbiology-MPE) can contribute to better understanding of the interactive role of environment, tumor cells, immune cells, and microbiome in various diseases. We review major clinical and experimental studies on the microbiome, and describe emerging evidence from the microbiology-MPE research in gastrointestinal cancers. Together with basic experimental research, this new research paradigm can help us to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for gastrointestinal cancers through targeting of the microbiome.
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17
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Lopez LR, Bleich RM, Arthur JC. Microbiota Effects on Carcinogenesis: Initiation, Promotion, and Progression. Annu Rev Med 2020; 72:243-261. [PMID: 33052764 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-080719-091604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process by which normal cells acquire genetic and epigenetic changes that result in cancer. In combination with host genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures, a prominent procarcinogenic role for the microbiota has recently emerged. In colorectal cancer (CRC), three nefarious microbes have been consistently linked to cancer development: (a) Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli initiates carcinogenic DNA damage, (b) enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis promotes tumorigenesis via toxin-induced cell proliferation and tumor-promoting inflammation, and (c) Fusobacterium nucleatum enhances CRC progression through two adhesins, Fap2 and FadA, that promote proliferation and antitumor immune evasion and may contribute to metastases. Herein, we use these three prominent microbes to discuss the experimental evidence linking microbial activities to carcinogenesis and the specific mechanisms driving this stepwise process. Precisely defining mechanisms by which the microbiota impacts carcinogenesis at each stage is essential for developing microbiota-targeted strategies for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey R Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; ,
| | - Rachel M Bleich
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, USA;
| | - Janelle C Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; , .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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18
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Arteta AA, Milanes-Yearsley M, Cardona-Castro N. Cholangiocyte derived carcinomas and local microbiota. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 29:1084-1093. [PMID: 32902144 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Trillions of bacteria are present in the gastrointestinal tract as part of the local microbiota. Bacteria have been associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases including malignant neoplasms. The association of bacteria in gastrointestinal and biliary tract carcinogenesis is supported in the paradigm of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal-type gastric cancer. However, the association of bacterial species to a specific carcinoma, different from intestinal-type gastric cancer is unresolved. The relationship of bacteria to a specific malignant neoplasm can drive clinical interventions. We review the classic bacteria risk factors identified using cultures and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with new research regarding a microbiota approach through 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene) or metagenomic analysis for selected carcinomas in the biliary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Arteta
- Department of Pathology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Basic Science Research Group, School of Medicine, CES University, Medellín (Antioquia), Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones en Patología, Universidad de Antioquia (GRIP-UdeA), Medellín (Antioquia), Colombia
| | - Martha Milanes-Yearsley
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology Department, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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19
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Elsalem L, Jum'ah AA, Alfaqih MA, Aloudat O. The Bacterial Microbiota of Gastrointestinal Cancers: Role in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:151-185. [PMID: 32440192 PMCID: PMC7211962 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s243337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota has an essential role in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal diseases including cancer. This effect is mediated through different mechanisms such as damaging DNA, activation of oncogenic pathways, production of carcinogenic metabolites, stimulation of chronic inflammation, and inhibition of antitumor immunity. Recently, the concept of "pharmacomicrobiomics" has emerged as a new field concerned with exploring the interplay between drugs and microbes. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota and their metabolites have a major impact on the pharmacodynamics and therapeutic responses toward anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapeutics. In addition, microbiota appears as an attractive target for cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of different cancer types affecting the gastrointestinal tract system. We also scrutinize the evidence regarding the role of microbiota in anticancer drug responses. Further, we discuss the use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and antibiotics, either alone or in combination with anticancer drugs for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A Jum'ah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Aloudat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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20
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Gu XX, Zhang MP, Zhao YF, Huang GM. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with biliary disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1638-1646. [PMID: 32327912 PMCID: PMC7167412 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary diseases are common digestive system disorders which may combine with biliary tract infection such as cholecystitis or cholangitis. Thus, rapid identification of the bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles are crucial for reducing the mortality of patients with biliary tract infection.
AIM To identify bacterial species and antibiotic susceptibility for antibacterial therapy and analyze bile cultivation risk factors for increasing detection rates.
METHODS This retrospective study was conducted from July 2008 to July 2017. In total, 1339 bile samples which were collected during therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage or other biliary surgeries or biliary drainage were obtained to characterize pathogen spectra, antibiotic susceptibility, and clinical features. Clinical data including age, sex, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, protopathies, and history of biliary tract diseases and surgeries were collated from hospital medical records. Species identification and initial drug susceptibility were further identified by biochemical characterization using the VITEK 2 Compact test.
RESULTS Positive microbiological findings were observed in 738 samples. The most frequently encountered strains were gram-negative bacteria (74.94%), including Escherichia coli (37.78%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.96%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.29%). Bile bacteria were largely sensitive to carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam, and gentamicin. Gram-negative strains had low susceptibility to ceftriaxone, quinolones and ampicillin. Almost the same micro-organisms were present in patients with malignant and benign diseases. The number of samples with Klebsiella pneumoniae in the bile culture were significantly different between patients with malignant and benign diseases (55 vs 30; P = 0.019). Age (P < 0.001), fever (P < 0.001), history of biliary tract diseases and surgeries (both P < 0.001), benign disease (P = 0.002), and the comorbidity chronic renal insufficiency (P = 0.007) affected the positive rates of the bile samples.
CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacteria were the most commonly isolated biliary bacteria. We determined the major factors associated with positive detection rates. Microbiological analysis of bile samples allowed accurate antibiotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xiang Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian 223001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Pei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhao
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Microbial Profiles and Risk Factors of Preexisting Biliary Infection in Patients with Therapeutic Endoscopy. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:1527328. [PMID: 31191641 PMCID: PMC6525931 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1527328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bile infection may already exist before the administration of an interventional procedure, despite no clinical manifestations of cholangitis detected. Blood cultures remained negative even in more than half of the febrile cases with cholangitis. Risk factors associated with bacterial growth in bile before the intervention are not well defined. To establish the bacterial profiles isolated from the bile samples and to identify risk factors for bacterial colonization in the bile system. Methods Individuals who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) interventions were enrolled. Bile samples were aspirated and were immediately transferred into a sterile tube for storage. Results Positive bile cultures were detected in 363 (38.0%) of 956 patients, including 322 benign diseases and 41 malignances. Of 363 positive cases, 351 (96.7%) were monoinfection and 12 (3.3%) multi-infection. Escherichia coli were the most common Gram-negative bacteria (210, 56.0%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (45, 12.0%). Enterococcus faecalis represented the most common Gram-positive microorganism (19, 5.07%), while Candida albicans (11, 2.93%) were the dominant fungi. Klebsiella pneumoniae were more frequently detected in malignant diseases (P = 0.046). Age, previous ERCP history or OLT history, and CBD diameter were independent risk factors for positive cultures (P < 0.05) while preoperative jaundice drug therapy was the protective factor for bile infection (P < 0.05). Conclusion Monomicrobial infection was dominant among all infections, and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were more frequently isolated from patients with malignant diseases. To effectively manage patients who are at a high risk for bile infection, a detailed diagnosis and treatment plan for each case should be prepared.
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Harrington D, Lamberton PHL, McGregor A. Human liver flukes. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2:680-689. [PMID: 28786389 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fluke infections occur in people worldwide. In some low-income regions, a combination of ecological, agricultural, and culinary factors leads to a very high prevalence of infection but, in higher-income regions, infections are uncommon. Infection is associated with substantial morbidity and several liver fluke species are recognised as biological carcinogens. Here, we review the epidemiology, clinical significance, and diagnostic and treatment strategies of human infection with these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Harrington
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Poppy H L Lamberton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, and Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair McGregor
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018. [PMID: 29474889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Meng C, Bai C, Brown TD, Hood LE, Tian Q. Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:33-49. [PMID: 29474889 PMCID: PMC6000254 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also interfere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers) and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Meng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Leroy E Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Qiang Tian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; P4 Medicine Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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25
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Sripa B, Tangkawattana S, Brindley PJ. Update on Pathogenesis of Opisthorchiasis and Cholangiocarcinoma. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 102:97-113. [PMID: 30442312 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini causes cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Whereas the cause of CCA in the West remains obscure, the principal risk factor in Thailand is opisthorchiasis. Here, we review recent findings on the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and CCA focusing on helminth molecules/toxic metabolites, host-parasite interaction, endocytosis, immunopathology/inflammatory responses, free radical production, molecular genetic alterations, and multifactorial including coinfections driving to CCA development.
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26
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Ma F, Yang Y, Wang JD, Quan ZW, Zhou D. Helicobacter pylori and 17β-estradiol induce human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell abnormal proliferation and oxidative DNA damage. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:519-527. [PMID: 28992885 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary cancers are more common in females, and previous studies have suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) exists in the biliary system. However, the effects of H. pylori infection and estrogen on the biological behaviors of human biliary epithelium mucosa remain unknown. The present study aimed to clarify their effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and oxidative DNA damage of a human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell (HIBEC) line in vitro. METHODS HIBECs were co-cultured with 17β-estradiol (at 10-9 mol/L, 10-7 mol/L, and 10-5 mol/L) and H. pylori (at MOI=0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1) and continuously passaged until the 15th generation (approximately 45 days). Then, the following assays were performed. HIBEC proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay, plate clone-formation assay and by determining Ki-67 expression with immunocytochemistry; cell apoptosis and migration were investigated using Annexin-V/PI and transwell assays, respectively; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) production were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. The results were the basis for evaluating the level of oxidative stress and the related DNA damage in HIBECs. RESULTS HIBECs maintained a normal morphology and vitality when treated with 17β-estradiol (at 10-9 mol/L) and H. pylori (at MOI=0.5:1 and 1:1). 17β-estradiol at 10-7 mol/L and 10-5 mol/L and H. pylori at MOI=2:1, by contrast, caused cell death. Compared with controls, HIBECs treated with 17β-estradiol (10-9 mol/L) and H. pylori (MOI=1:1) had a higher up-regulation of proliferation, Ki-67 expression, clone formation, migration activity and the expression of ROS and 8-OHdG and exhibited a down-regulation of apoptosis. The above effects were further increased when 17β-estradiol and H. pylori were combined (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS H. pylori and 17β-estradiol, separately or in combination, promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of HIBECs in vitro. The above phenomena might be related to oxidative stress and its subsequent DNA damage with H. pylori and 17β-estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian-Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Mima K, Nakagawa S, Sawayama H, Ishimoto T, Imai K, Iwatsuki M, Hashimoto D, Baba Y, Yamashita YI, Yoshida N, Chikamoto A, Baba H. The microbiome and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:9-15. [PMID: 28527946 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome encompasses at least 100 trillion microorganisms that can influence host immunity and disease conditions, including cancer. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers have been associated with poor prognosis owing to their high level of tumor invasiveness, distant metastasis, and resistance to conventional treatment options, such as chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence from animal models suggests that specific microbes and microbial dysbiosis can potentiate hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumor development by damaging DNA, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, and producing tumor-promoting metabolites. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may influence not only the efficacy of cancer chemotherapies and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-CD274 therapies but also the occurrence of postoperative complications after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, which have been associated with tumor recurrence and worse patient survival in hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. Hence, a better understanding of roles of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumors may open opportunities to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for patients with hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer through manipulating the gut microbiota by diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, and pro- and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Deenonpoe R, Mairiang E, Mairiang P, Pairojkul C, Chamgramol Y, Rinaldi G, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Sripa B. Elevated prevalence of Helicobacter species and virulence factors in opisthorchiasis and associated hepatobiliary disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42744. [PMID: 28198451 PMCID: PMC5309894 DOI: 10.1038/srep42744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that Opisthorchis viverrini serves as a reservoir of Helicobacter and implicate Helicobacter in pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Here, 553 age-sex matched cases and controls, 293 and 260 positive and negative for liver fluke O. viverrini eggs, of residents in Northeastern Thailand were investigated for associations among infection with liver fluke, Helicobacter and hepatobiliary fibrosis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in O. viverrini-infected than uninfected participants. H. pylori bacterial load correlated positively with intensity of O. viverrini infection, and participants with opisthorchiasis exhibited higher frequency of virulent cagA-positive H. pylori than those free of fluke infection. Genotyping of cagA from feces of both infected and uninfected participants revealed that the AB genotype accounted for 78% and Western type 22%. Participants infected with O. viverrini exhibited higher prevalence of typical Western type (EPIYA ABC) and variant AB'C type (EPIYT B) CagA. Multivariate analyses among H. pylori virulence genes and severity of hepatobiliary disease revealed positive correlations between biliary periductal fibrosis during opisthorchiasis and CagA and CagA with CagA multimerization (CM) sequence-positive H. pylori. These findings support the hypothesis that H. pylori contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic opisthorchiasis and specifically to opisthorchiasis-associated CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksawan Deenonpoe
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Departments of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pisaln Mairiang
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine &Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health &Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine &Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Gagnaire A, Nadel B, Raoult D, Neefjes J, Gorvel JP. Collateral damage: insights into bacterial mechanisms that predispose host cells to cancer. Nat Rev Microbiol 2017; 15:109-128. [DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Alves JR, Silva RDC, Guerra SCP, Freitas TTD, Souza DLBD, Amico EC. MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BILE IN PATIENTS WITH BENIGN AND MALIGNANT BILIOPANCREATIC DISEASES AND ITS CONSEQUENCES. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2016; 53:156-62. [PMID: 27438420 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032016000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bactibilia has several consequences to human health. OBJETIVE Assessing the bile microbiology of patients with biliopancreatic diseases in order to identify bacteria and their possible infectious complications. METHODS Retrospective study of 30 bile culture samples from patients with benign and malignant biliopancreatic diseases. The samples were assessed to set the bile microbiological flora and to search for its possible link with comorbidity, carcinogenesis and postoperative infectious complications. RESULTS Thirty bile samples from patients at mean age ≈57.7 years, mostly female (n=18), were assessed. Bactibilia was found in 12 cases, mostly in patients with benign diseases (n=8), older than 50 years (n=23) and female (n=10). Adenocarcinoma of the duodenal papilla (n=9) and cholelithiasis (n=8) were the most common diseases. Escherichia coli (n=5) and Klebsiella sp (n=3) were predominantly found in patients with benign diseases; and Klebsiella sp (n=2) and Streptococcus sp (n=2) were prevalent in cancer patients. There were postoperative infectious complications in seven cases, five of them in bactibilia-associated patients (P=0.084). CONCLUSION Bactibilia was found in 12 samples and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp were most often identified in patients with benign diseases, as well as Streptococcus sp and Klebsiella sp in cancer patients. There was a trend of higher postoperative infectious complication incidence in patients with bactibilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Integrada, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, RN, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Enio Campos Amico
- Departamento de Medicina Integrada, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, RN, Brasil
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Kaewpitoon SJ, Loyd RA, Rujirakul R, Panpimanmas S, Matrakool L, Tongtawee T, Kootanavanichpong N, Pengsaa P, Kompor P, Chavengkun W, Kujapun J, Norkaew J, Ponphimai S, Padchasuwan N, Polsripradist P, Eksanti T, Phatisena T, Kaewpitoon N. Helicobacter Species are Possible Risk Factors of Cholangiocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:37-44. [PMID: 26838240 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several infectious agents are considered to be causes of cancer in human, mainly hepatitis B and C viruses, high-risk human pailloma viruses, Helicobacter pylori, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini. Here we described the evident research and the association between Helicobacter spp. and biliary tract cancer particularly cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Global epidemiological studies have suggested that Helicobacter spp. are possible risk factors for biliary tract diseases. Molecular studies support a linkage of Helicobacter spp. with CCA development. H. pylori, H. bilis, and H. hepaticus, are found in CCA, but the most common species are H. pylori and H. bilis. The type of CCA are associated with Helicobacter spp. include extrahepatic CCA, and common bile duct cancer. Up to the present, however, the results from different regions, materials and methods, sub-sites of cancer, and controls have not been consistent, thus introducing heterogeneity. Therefore, a comparison between co-Helicobacter spp.-CCA in the countries with low and high incident of CCA is required to settle the question. Furthermore, clarifying variation in the role of Helicobacter species in this CCA, including pathogenesis of CCA through enhanced biliary cell inflammation and proliferation, is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya J Kaewpitoon
- School of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand E-mail :
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Sripa B, Deenonpoe R, Brindley PJ. Co-infections with liver fluke and Helicobacter species: A paradigm change in pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma? Parasitol Int 2016; 66:383-389. [PMID: 27919744 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the fish-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 1 carcinogen: definitely carcinogenic in humans. Cofactors likely contribute to bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) caused by this infection. Here we review recent findings that address the role of liver fluke associated H. pylori in hepatobiliary disease and malignancy. We hypothesize that co-infection by O. viverrini and the bacillus Helicobacter pylori is central of liver fluke infection associated cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Raksawan Deenonpoe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Lipopolysaccharide-pathway proteins are associated with gallbladder cancer among adults in Shanghai, China with mediation by systemic inflammation. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:704-709. [PMID: 27793274 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined inflammation as a mediator of associations between bacterial infection markers and gallbladder cancer (GBC). METHODS Bacterial response proteins (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], soluble cluster of differentiation 14 [sCD14], and LPS-binding protein [LBP]) were measured in 40 GBC cases and 126 gallstone controls with data on 63 serum inflammation markers. The relationships of LPS, LBP, and sCD14 with GBC were examined by logistic regression, which also was used to evaluate whether these associations are influenced by systemic inflammation as measured by a combinatorial inflammation score. RESULTS The third versus the first tertiles of sCD14 and of LBP were associated with an increased GBC risk (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 5.41 [2.00-16.75] for sCD14, and 6.49 [2.24-23.79] for LBP). sCD14 and LBP were strongly associated with inflammation score (above vs. below the median), which itself was associated with a more than 21-fold increased risk of GBC for the third versus first tertiles. Associations between GBC and sCD14 and LBP were markedly attenuated when the inflammation score was included in the model. While LPS was not associated with GBC or inflammation, only 35% of cases and 22% of controls had detectable levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that these LPS-pathway proteins are associated with GBC via inflammation-related pathways.
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Cheng C, Li CP. Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on extra-gastric diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2010-2018. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i13.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization of the stomach and its pathogenic effects is a crucial landmark in modern gastroenterology. There have been many studies reporting that the natural history of many disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma are linked with the presence of this bacterium. Moreover, H. pylori is often involved in the pathogenic processes of a variety of extra-gastric diseases, especially those characterized by persistent and low grade systemic inflammation. The proposed mechanisms ranging from the induction of a low grade inflammatory state to the occurrence of molecular mimicry mechanisms. This paper will review the results of the most important studies on the association of H. pylori infection with extra-gastric diseases, such as autoimmune, neoplastic, cardiovascular and other related disorders, as well as possible mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of these extra-gastric diseases.
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Individualized nomogram improves diagnostic accuracy of stage I-II gallbladder cancer in chronic cholecystitis patients with gallbladder wall thickening. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2016; 15:180-8. [PMID: 27020635 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) can remarkably improve the prognosis of patients. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for individualized diagnosis of stage I-II GBC in chronic cholecystitis patients with gallbladder wall thickening. METHODS The nomogram was developed using logistic regression analyses based on a retrospective cohort consisting of 89 consecutive patients with stage I-II GBC and 1240 patients with gallbladder wall thickening treated at one biliary surgery center in Shanghai between January 2009 and December 2011. The accuracy of the nomogram was validated by discrimination, calibration and a prospective cohort treated at another center between January 2012 and December 2014 (n=928). RESULTS Factors included in the nomogram were advanced age, hazardous alcohol consumption, long-standing diagnosed gallstones, atrophic gallbladder, gallbladder wall calcification, intraluminal polypoid lesion, higher wall thickness ratio and mucosal line disruption. The nomogram had concordance indices of 0.889 and 0.856 for the two cohorts, respectively. Internal and external calibration curves fitted well. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves of the nomogram was higher than that of multidetector row computed tomography in diagnosis of stage I-II GBC (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The proposed nomogram improves individualized diagnosis of stage I-II GBC in chronic cholecystitis patients with gallbladder wall thickening, especially for those the imaging features alone do not allow to confirm the diagnosis.
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Vogtmann E, Goedert JJ. Epidemiologic studies of the human microbiome and cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:237-42. [PMID: 26730578 PMCID: PMC4742587 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome, which includes the collective genome of all bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses found in and on the human body, is altered in many diseases and may substantially affect cancer risk. Previously detected associations of individual bacteria (e.g., Helicobacter pylori), periodontal disease, and inflammation with specific cancers have motivated studies considering the association between the human microbiome and cancer risk. This short review summarises microbiome research, focusing on published epidemiological associations with gastric, oesophageal, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, lung, colorectal, and other cancers. Large, prospective studies of the microbiome that employ multidisciplinary laboratory and analysis methods, as well as rigorous validation of case status, are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, screening, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Vogtmann
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Deenonpoe R, Chomvarin C, Pairojkul C, Chamgramol Y, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Sripa B. The carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a reservoir for species of Helicobacter. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:1751-8. [PMID: 25773821 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a strong, positive correlation between opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma and infection with Helicobacter. Here a rodent model of human infection with Opisthorchis viverrini was utilized to further investigate relationships of apparent co-infections with O. viverrini and H. pylori. A total of 150 hamsters were assigned to five groups: i) Control hamsters not infected with O. viverrini; ii) O. viverrini-infected hamsters; iii) non-O. viverrini infected hamsters treated with antibiotics (ABx); iv) O. viverrini-infected hamsters treated with ABx; and v) O. viverrini-infected hamsters treated both with ABx and praziquantel (PZQ). Stomach, gallbladder, liver, colonic tissue, colorectal feces and O. viverrini worms were collected and the presence of species of Helicobacter determined by PCR-based approaches. In addition, O. viverrini worms were cultured in vitro with and without ABx for four weeks, after which the presence of Helicobacter spp. was determined. In situ localization of H. pylori and Helicobacter-like species was performed using a combination of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in O. viverrini-infected hamsters was significantly higher than that of O. viverrini-uninfected hamsters (p≤0.001). Interestingly, O. viverrini-infected hamsters treated with ABx and PZQ (to remove the flukes) had a significantly lower frequency of H. pylori than either O. viverrini- infected hamsters treated only with ABx or O. viverrini-infected hamsters, respectively (p≤0.001). Quantitative RT-PCR strongly confirmed the correlation between intensity H. pylori infection and the presence of liver fluke infection. In vitro, H. pylori could be detected in the O. viverrini worms cultured with ABx over four weeks. In situ localization revealed H. pylori and other Helicobacter-like bacteria in worm gut. The findings indicate that the liver fluke O. viverrini in the biliary tree of the hamsters harbors H. pylori and Helicobacter-like bacteria. Accordingly, the association between O. viverrini and H. pylori may be an obligatory mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksawan Deenonpoe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand E-mail :
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Brindley PJ, da Costa JMC, Sripa B. Why does infection with some helminths cause cancer? Trends Cancer 2015; 1:174-182. [PMID: 26618199 PMCID: PMC4657143 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infections with Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and Schistosoma haematobium are classified as Group 1 biological carcinogens: definitive causes of cancer. These worms are metazoan eukaryotes, unlike the other Group 1 carcinogens including human papilloma virus, hepatitis C virus, and Helicobacter pylori. By contrast, infections with phylogenetic relatives of these helminths, also trematodes of the phylum Platyhelminthes and major human pathogens, are not carcinogenic. These inconsistencies prompt several questions, including how might these infections cause cancer? And why is infection with only a few helminth species carcinogenic? Here we present an interpretation of mechanisms contributing to the carcinogenicity of these helminth infections, including roles for catechol estrogen- and oxysterol-metabolites of parasite origin as initiators of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - José M Correia da Costa
- Center for Parasite Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; and Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA/ICETA, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Avilés-Jiménez F, Guitron A, Segura-López F, Méndez-Tenorio A, Iwai S, Hernández-Guerrero A, Torres J. Microbiota studies in the bile duct strongly suggest a role for Helicobacter pylori in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:178.e11-178.e22. [PMID: 26493848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECCA) represents the sixth commonest cause of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract in western countries. We aimed to characterize the microbiota and its predicted associated functions in the biliary tract of ECCA and benign biliary pathology (BBP). Samples were taken from 100 patients with ECCA and 100 patients with BBP by endoscopic cholangio-pancreatography for DNA extraction. Ten patients with ECCA and ten with BBP were selected for microbiota studies using the V4-16S rRNA gene and sequenced in Illumina platform. Microbiota analyses included sample-to-sample distance metrics, ordination/clustering and prediction of functions. Presence of Nesterenkonia sp. and Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genes were tested in the 100 ECCA and 100 BBP samples. Phylum Proteobacteria dominated all samples (60.4% average). Ordination multicomponent analyses showed significant microbiota separation between ECCA and BBP (p 0.010). Analyses of 4002 operational taxonomic units with presence variation in at least one category probed a separation of ECCA from BBP. Among these, Nesterenkonia decreased, whereas Methylophilaceae, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Actinomyces, Novosphingobium and H. pylori increased in ECCA. Predicted associated functions showed increased abundance of H. pylori virulence genes in ECCA. cagA and vacA genes were confirmed by PCR in ECCA and BBP samples. This is the first microbiota report in ECCA and BBP to show significant changes in microbial composition. Bacterial species unusual for human flora were found: Methylophilaceae and Nesterenkonia are reported in hypersaline soils, and Mesorhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Enrichment of virulence genes confirms previous studies suggesting that H. pylori might be associated with ECCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Avilés-Jiménez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, Mexico
| | - A Guitron
- Departamento de Endoscopía Digestiva, UMAE 71 IMSS, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - F Segura-López
- Departamento de Anestesiología, UMAE 71 IMSS, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - A Méndez-Tenorio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - S Iwai
- Second Genome, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - J Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, Mexico.
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Waluga M, Kukla M, Żorniak M, Bacik A, Kotulski R. From the stomach to other organs: Helicobacter pylori and the liver. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2136-2146. [PMID: 26328025 PMCID: PMC4550868 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i18.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many recent studies have examined the importance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the pathogenesis of the diseases outside the stomach and explored the significance of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of some metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have provided evidence that H. pylori is also involved in the pathogenesis of some liver diseases. Many observations have proved that H. pylori infection is important in the development of insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The worsening of liver inflammation of different origins also occurs during H. pylori infection. Some studies have indicated that H. pylori infection induces autoimmunological diseases in the liver and biliary tract. The potential significance of this bacterium in carcinogenesis is unclear, but it is within the scope of interest of many studies. The proposed mechanisms through which H. pylori impacts the development of hepatobiliary diseases are complex and ambiguous. The importance of other Helicobacter species in the development of hepatobiliary diseases is also considered because they could lead to the development of inflammatory, fibrotic and necrotic injuries of the liver and, consequently, to hepatocellular carcinoma. However, many contrary viewpoints indicate that some evidence is not convincing, and further studies of the subject are needed. This review presents the current knowledge about the importance of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of liver and in biliary diseases.
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Segura-López FK, Güitrón-Cantú A, Torres J. Association between Helicobacter spp. infections and hepatobiliary malignancies: a review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1414-23. [PMID: 25663761 PMCID: PMC4316084 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers are highly lethal cancers that comprise a spectrum of invasive carcinomas originating in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma, the bile ducts intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the gallbladder and the ampulla of Vater (collectively known as biliary tract cancers). These tumors account for approximately 13% of all annual cancer-related deaths worldwide and for 10%-20% of deaths from hepatobiliary malignancies. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease that displays a poor survival rate for which few therapeutic options are available. Population genetics, geographical and environmental factors, cholelithiasis, obesity, parity, and endemic infection with liver flukes have been identified as risk factors that influence the development of biliary tract tumors. Other important factors affecting the carcinogenesis of these tumors include chronic inflammation, obstruction of the bile ducts, and impaired bile flow. It has been suggested that CCA is caused by infection with Helicobacter species, such as Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter hepaticus, in a manner that is similar to the reported role of Helicobacter pylori in distal gastric cancer. Due to the difficulty in culturing these Helicobacter species, molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, or immunologic assays have become the methods of choice for diagnosis. However, clinical studies of benign or malignant biliary tract diseases revealed remarkable variability in the methods and the findings, and the use of uniform and validated techniques is needed.
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Flahou B, Haesebrouck F, Smet A, Yonezawa H, Osaki T, Kamiya S. Gastric and enterohepatic non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters. Helicobacter 2013; 18 Suppl 1:66-72. [PMID: 24011248 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A substantial number of reports published in the last year have contributed to a better understanding of both human and animal infection with non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH). Gastric infection of humans with Helicobacter suis and Helicobacter felis as well as unidentified NHPH has been described to cause a chronic gastritis and a variety of clinical symptoms, whereas enterohepatic NHPH, including Helicobacter cinaedi, Helicobacter bilis, and Helicobacter canis, have been reported to be associated with human diseases such as bacteremia, cellulitis, cutaneous diseases, and fever of unknown origin in immunocompromised hosts. In various animal species, including dogs and laboratory mice, high rates of infection with NHPH were described. For gastric NHPH, mainly H. suis and H. felis infection was studied, revealing that differences in the immune response evoked in the host do exist when compared to Helicobacter pylori. Pathogenic mechanisms of infection with Helicobacter pullorum, H. bilis, and Helicobacter hepaticus were investigated, as well as immune responses involved in H. bilis-, Helicobacter typhlonius-, and H. hepaticus-induced intestinal inflammation. Complete genome sequences of Helicobacter heilmannii strain ASB1 and a H. cinaedi strain isolated in a case of human bacteremia were published, as well as comparative genomics of a human-derived Helicobacter bizzozeronii strain and proteome or secretome analyses for H. hepaticus and Helicobacter trogontum, respectively. Molecular analysis has revealed a function for type VI secretion systems of H. hepaticus and H. pullorum, the Helicobacter mustelae iron urease, and several other functional components of NHPH. In each section of this chapter, new findings on gastric NHPH will first be discussed, followed by those on enterohepatic Helicobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Roubaud Baudron C, Franceschi F, Salles N, Gasbarrini A. Extragastric diseases and Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2013; 18 Suppl 1:44-51. [PMID: 24011245 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last year, several diseases from outside of the gastrointestinal tract have been associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Indeed, this bacterium produces a low-grade inflammatory state, induces molecular mimicry mechanisms, and interferes with the absorbance of nutrients and drugs possibly influencing the occurrence or the evolution of many diseases. In addition to its role in some hematologic conditions, such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic sideropenic anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency, which were included in the current guidelines, several other conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hepatobiliary diseases, and neurologic disorders have also shown promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Roubaud Baudron
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Bordeaux, France; Pôle de Gérontologie Clinique, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U853, Bordeaux, France
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