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Flori L, Benedetti G, Martelli A, Calderone V. Microbiota alterations associated with vascular diseases: postbiotics as a next-generation magic bullet for gut-vascular axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107334. [PMID: 39103131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota represents a key element in maintaining the homeostasis and health conditions of the host. Vascular pathologies and other risk factors such as aging have been recently associated with dysbiosis. The qualitative and quantitative alteration of the intestinal microbiota hinders correct metabolic homeostasis, causing structural and functional changes of the intestinal wall itself. Impairment of the intestinal microbiota, combined with the reduction of the barrier function, worsen the pathological scenarios of peripheral tissues over time, including the vascular one. Several experimental evidence, collected in this review, describes in detail the changes of the intestinal microbiota in dysbiosis associated with vascular alterations, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction, the resulting metabolic disorders and how these can impact on vascular health. In this context, the gut-vascular axis is considered, for the first time, as a merged unit involved in the development and progression of vascular pathologies and as a promising target. Current approaches for the management of dysbiosis such as probiotics, prebiotics and dietary modifications act mainly on the intestinal district. Postbiotics, described as preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers health benefits on the host, represent an innovative strategy for a dual management of intestinal dysbiosis and vascular pathologies. In this context, this review has the further purpose of defining the positive effects of the supplementation of bacterial strains metabolites (short‑chain fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid) restoring intestinal homeostasis and acting directly on the vascular district through the gut-vascular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy.
| | - Giada Benedetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy.
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, Pisa 6-56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy.
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2
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Olteanu G, Ciucă-Pană MA, Busnatu ȘS, Lupuliasa D, Neacșu SM, Mititelu M, Musuc AM, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Boroghină SC. Unraveling the Microbiome-Human Body Axis: A Comprehensive Examination of Therapeutic Strategies, Interactions and Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5561. [PMID: 38791599 PMCID: PMC11122276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review scrutinizes the intricate interplay between the microbiome and the human body, exploring its multifaceted dimensions and far-reaching implications. The human microbiome, comprising diverse microbial communities inhabiting various anatomical niches, is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of human health and disease. Through an extensive examination of current research, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between the microbiome and host physiology across multiple organ systems. Key topics include the establishment and maintenance of microbiota diversity, the influence of host factors on microbial composition, and the bidirectional communication pathways between microbiota and host cells. Furthermore, we delve into the functional implications of microbiome dysbiosis in disease states, emphasizing its role in shaping immune responses, metabolic processes, and neurological functions. Additionally, this review discusses emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the microbiome to restore host-microbe homeostasis and promote health. Microbiota fecal transplantation represents a groundbreaking therapeutic approach in the management of dysbiosis-related diseases, offering a promising avenue for restoring microbial balance within the gut ecosystem. This innovative therapy involves the transfer of fecal microbiota from a healthy donor to an individual suffering from dysbiosis, aiming to replenish beneficial microbial populations and mitigate pathological imbalances. By synthesizing findings from diverse fields, this review offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between the microbiome and the human body, highlighting avenues for future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Olteanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria-Alexandra Ciucă-Pană
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ștefan Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Lupuliasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (D.L.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania; (D.L.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adina Magdalena Musuc
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Ilie Murgulescu, Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Steluța Constanța Boroghină
- Department of Complementary Sciences, History of Medicine and Medical Culture, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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3
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Wen C, Chen D, Zhong R, Peng X. Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease: category and evaluation indexes. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae021. [PMID: 38634007 PMCID: PMC11021814 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research often relies on animal models to study the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of IBD. Among these models, rats and mice are frequently employed due to their practicality and genetic manipulability. However, for studies aiming to closely mimic human pathology, non-human primates such as monkeys and dogs offer valuable physiological parallels. Guinea pigs, while less commonly used, present unique advantages for investigating the intricate interplay between neurological and immunological factors in IBD. Additionally, New Zealand rabbits excel in endoscopic biopsy techniques, providing insights into mucosal inflammation and healing processes. Pigs, with their physiological similarities to humans, serve as ideal models for exploring the complex relationships between nutrition, metabolism, and immunity in IBD. Beyond mammals, non-mammalian organisms including zebrafish, Drosophila melanogaster, and nematodes offer specialized insights into specific aspects of IBD pathology, highlighting the diverse array of model systems available for advancing our understanding of this multifaceted disease. In this review, we conduct a thorough analysis of various animal models employed in IBD research, detailing their applications and essential experimental parameters. These include clinical observation, Disease Activity Index score, pathological assessment, intestinal barrier integrity, fibrosis, inflammatory markers, intestinal microbiome, and other critical parameters that are crucial for evaluating modeling success and drug efficacy in experimental mammalian studies. Overall, this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the field of IBD, offering insights into the diverse array of animal models available and their respective applications in studying IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Wen
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Dan Chen
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School of Teaching, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Rao Zhong
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xi Peng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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4
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Cao R, Fang X, Li Z, Li S, Guo Q, Chai Y. Effect of Polygonatum sibiricum saponins on gut microbiota of mice with ulcerative colitis. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105855. [PMID: 38354822 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum is a plant with medicinal and nutritional properties. Saponins are the important biologically active components of Polygonatum sibiricum. In this study, the specific components of Polygonatum sibiricum saponins (PSS) were analyzed, and the regulation effect of PSS on intestinal flora in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) was investigated by inducing male Kunming mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). PSS could ameliorate the symptoms of weight loss, high DAI score and colon length reduction compared to DSS-induced treatment. Colonic fragments were taken for H&E staining and histopathological scoring. PSS could significantly improve the pathological abnormality of colitis mice. 16S rRNA analysis showed that the intestinal microbial community of mice treated with DSS was significantly damaged. PSS could restore the richness and diversity of intestinal microbial flora, reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria, and increase the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Muribaculaceae, and improve the intestinal microbial flora disorder. Generally, PSS had an obvious effect in relieving colitis in mice. This study confirmed that Polygonatum sibiricum saponins play a therapeutic and palliative role in ulcerative colitis by regulating the microbiome balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sijia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qingqi Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, China.
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5
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Zhang L, Agrawal M, Ng SC, Jess T. Early-life exposures and the microbiome: implications for IBD prevention. Gut 2024; 73:541-549. [PMID: 38123972 PMCID: PMC11150004 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The early-life period is one of microbiome establishment and immune maturation. Early-life exposures are increasingly being recognised to play an important role in IBD risk. The composition of functions of the gut microbiome in the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal period may be crucial towards development of health or disease, including IBD, later in life. We herein present a comprehensive summary of the interplay between early-life factors and microbiome perturbations, and their association with risk of IBD. In addition, we provide an overview of host and external factors in early life that are known to impact gut microbiome maturation and exposures implicated in IBD risk. Considering the emerging concept of IBD prevention, we propose strategies to minimise maternal and offspring exposure to potentially harmful variables and recommend protective measures during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This holistic view of early-life factors and microbiome signatures among mothers and their offspring will help frame our current understanding of their importance towards IBD pathogenesis and frame the roadmap for preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, New York, USA
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tine Jess
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Yang Y, Deng Y, Zhang G, Xu X, Xiong X, Yu S, Peng F, Tian X, Ye W, Chen H, Yu B, Liu Z, He X, Huang Z. α-mangostin derivatives ameliorated mouse DSS-induced chronic colitis via regulating Th17/Treg balance. Mol Immunol 2024; 166:110-118. [PMID: 38280829 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Th17 cell, an important subpopulation of helper T cell, plays an important role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is thought to be a potential target for the treatment of IBD. In our previous study, we demonstrated that α-mangostin could relieve lupus nephritis via inhibiting Th17 cell function. In our preliminary study, we obtained four derivatives by adding chemical modification of α-mangostin which could also inhibit Th17 cell differentiation in vitro. In this study, we constructed a chronic IBD mouse model and demonstrated the therapeutic effects of α-mangostin and its derivatives as therapeutic agents for IBD. In compounds treating groups, intestinal inflammation showed significant improvement in symptoms which included weight loss, high disease activity index, colon length shorten and the change of intestinal flora. We also found that compounds could effectively either suppress the number of Th17 cell or increase the number of Treg cell detected by flow cytometry, thus reducing the Th17/Treg ratio and suppressing the level of intestinal inflammation. Notably, IL17-F levels, rather than IL17-A, were reduced in the colon of mice of compounds treating groups. Thus, α-mangostin and its derivatives ameliorate DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice by regulating Th17/Treg balance to alleviate intestinal inflammation and can modulate the intestinal microbial community. These results suggest that α-mangostin and its derivatives may be the new therapeutic option for chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Xiong
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Si Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fanrong Peng
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuyan Tian
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiying Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huanpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bolan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Animal Experiment Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xixin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Huang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Lauko S, Gancarcikova S, Hrckova G, Hajduckova V, Andrejcakova Z, Fecskeova LK, Bertkova I, Hijova E, Kamlarova A, Janicko M, Ambro L, Kvakova M, Gulasova Z, Strojny L, Strkolcova G, Mudronova D, Madar M, Demeckova V, Nemetova D, Pacuta I, Sopkova D. Beneficial Effect of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation on Mild, Moderate and Severe Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in a Pseudo Germ-Free Animal Model. Biomedicines 2023; 12:43. [PMID: 38255150 PMCID: PMC10813722 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of faecal microbiota (FMT) is generally considered a safe therapeutic procedure with few adverse effects. The main factors that limit the spread of the use of FMT therapy for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are the necessity of minimising the risk of infection and transfer of another disease. Obtaining the animal model of UC (ulcerative colitis) by exposure to DSS (dextran sodium sulphate) depends on many factors that significantly affect the result. Per os intake of DSS with water is individual for each animal and results in the development of a range of various forms of induced UC. For this reason, the aim of our study was to evaluate the modulation and regenerative effects of FMT on the clinical and histopathological responses and the changes in the bowel microenvironment in pseudo germ-free (PGF) mice of the BALB/c line subjected to chemical induction of mild, moderate and serious forms of UC. The goal was to obtain new data related to the safety and effectiveness of FMT that can contribute to its improved and optimised use. The animals with mild and moderate forms of UC subjected to FMT treatment exhibited lower severity of the disease and markedly lower damage to the colon, including reduced clinical and histological disease index and decreased inflammatory response of colon mucosa. However, FMT treatment failed to achieve the expected therapeutic effect in animals with the serious form of UC activity. The results of our study indicated a potential safety risk involving development of bacteraemia and also translocation of non-pathogenic representatives of bowel microbiota associated with FMT treatment of animals with a diagnosed serious form of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Lauko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Sona Gancarcikova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Gabriela Hrckova
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Vanda Hajduckova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Zuzana Andrejcakova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Livia Kolesar Fecskeova
- Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital (UHLP) in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Izabela Bertkova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Emilia Hijova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Anna Kamlarova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Martin Janicko
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Lubos Ambro
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Kvakova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Zuzana Gulasova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Ladislav Strojny
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research—MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.B.); (E.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.); (Z.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Gabriela Strkolcova
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Dagmar Mudronova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Marian Madar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Vlasta Demeckova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Nemetova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Ivan Pacuta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (S.L.); (V.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (D.N.); (I.P.)
| | - Drahomira Sopkova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.A.); (D.S.)
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8
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Portincasa P. The interaction of bile acids and gut inflammation influences the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:2181-2197. [PMID: 37515676 PMCID: PMC10635993 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are amphipathic molecules originating from cholesterol in the liver and from microbiota-driven biotransformation in the colon. In the gut, BA play a key role in fat digestion and absorption and act as potent signaling molecules on the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane-associated G protein-coupled BA receptor-1 (GPBAR-1). BA are, therefore, involved in the maintenance of gut barrier integrity, gene expression, metabolic homeostasis, and microbiota profile and function. Disturbed BA homeostasis can activate pro-inflammatory pathways in the gut, while inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) can induce gut dysbiosis and qualitative and/or quantitative changes of the BA pool. These factors contribute to impaired repair capacity of the mucosal barrier, due to chronic inflammation. A better understanding of BA-dependent mechanisms paves the way to innovative therapeutic tools by administering hydrophilic BA and FXR agonists and manipulating gut microbiota with probiotics and prebiotics. We discuss the translational value of pathophysiological and therapeutic evidence linking BA homeostasis to gut inflammation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri" and Division Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri" and Division Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri" and Division Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri" and Division Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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9
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Li H, Li Y, Qian J. What is the "optimal formula" for donor selection and feces processing for fecal microbiota transplantation in ulcerative colitis? Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1410-1412. [PMID: 37166218 PMCID: PMC10278737 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jiaming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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10
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Lin Q, Hao WJ, Zhou RM, Huang CL, Wang XY, Liu YS, Li XZ. Pretreatment with Bifidobacterium longum BAA2573 ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by modulating gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1211259. [PMID: 37346749 PMCID: PMC10280014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic lifelong inflammatory disease. Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium longum are considered to be beneficial to the recovery of intestinal inflammation by interaction with gut microbiota. Our goals were to define the effect of the exclusive use of BAA2573 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, including improvement of symptoms, alleviation of histopathological damage, and modulation of gut microbiota. Methods In the present study, we pretreated C57BL/6J mice with Bifidobacterium longum BAA2573, one of the main components in an over-the-counter (OTC) probiotic mixture BIFOTO capsule, before modeling with DSS. 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based non-targeted metabolomic profiling were performed with the collected feces. Results We found that pretreatment of Bifidobacterium longum BAA2573 given by gavage significantly improved symptoms and histopathological damage in DSS-induced colitis mice. After the BAA2573 intervention, 57 genera and 39 metabolites were significantly altered. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that starch and sucrose metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism may contribute to ameliorating colitis. Moreover, we revealed that the gut microbiome and metabolites were interrelated in the BAA2573 intervention group, while Alistipes was the core genus. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the impact of BAA2573 on the gut microbiota and reveals a possible novel adjuvant therapy for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lin
- Nephrology and Immunology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu-Juan Hao
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren-Min Zhou
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Shan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Li
- Nephrology and Immunology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Nesci A, Carnuccio C, Ruggieri V, D'Alessandro A, Di Giorgio A, Santoro L, Gasbarrini A, Santoliquido A, Ponziani FR. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence on the Metabolic and Inflammatory Background of a Complex Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109087. [PMID: 37240434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies in recent years have demonstrated that gut microbiota-host interactions play an important role in human health and disease, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis has been linked to not only well-known inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematous, but also to cardiovascular risk factors, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ways the microbiota is involved in modulating cardiovascular risk are multiple and not only related to inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, human and the gut microbiome cooperate as a metabolically active superorganism, and this affects host physiology through metabolic pathways. In turn, congestion of the splanchnic circulation associated with heart failure, edema of the intestinal wall, and altered function and permeability of the intestinal barrier result in the translocation of bacteria and their products into the systemic circulation, further enhancing the pro-inflammatory conditions underlying cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the present review is to describe the complex interplay between gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the development and evolution of cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the possible interventions intended to modulate the gut microbiota to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nesci
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carnuccio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Ruggieri
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Alessandro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giorgio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Santoro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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12
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Dar SH, Maniya MT, Merza N, Musheer A, Zahid M, Ahmed F, Shurjeel Q, Qazi S, Ahmed A, Shah H, Zafar A, Iqbal AZ, Khan SF, Rizwan T, Ligresti R. The Association of Antibiotic Exposure with New-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102129. [PMID: 37116651 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of antibiotics in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains controversial, primarily due to conflicting data from individual studies. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the effect of antibiotic exposure on IBD development. METHODOLOGY The MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were queried from their inception to April 2021 for published articles studying the association between antibiotic exposure and new-onset IBD. Our analysis was stratified by timing of antibiotic exposure - exposure in childhood and any lifetime exposure. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from each study were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS 10 case-control studies and 2 cohort studies (N=29,880 IBD patients and N=715,548 controls) were included. Patients with Crohn's Disease (CD), compared with controls, were associated significantly with antibiotic exposure in childhood and any lifetime exposure to antibiotics (OR 1.52 [1.23-1.87]; p<0.00001). Patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC), compared with controls, reported non-significant association with antibiotic exposure in childhood and any lifetime exposure. (OR 1.11 [0.93-1.33]; p=0.25) CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that exposure to antibiotics significantly increases the odds of developing CD and IBD in general. These findings re-emphasize the importance of cautious and judicious use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Haroon Dar
- Department of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Queens, New York, USA.
| | | | - Nooraldin Merza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Adeena Musheer
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mariyam Zahid
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qazi Shurjeel
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Qazi
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aymen Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Shah
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Zafar
- Department of Medicine, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Medicine, FMH of College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad Khan
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tehlil Rizwan
- Department of Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rosario Ligresti
- Hackensack University School of Medicine, Medical Director, National Pancreas Foundation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
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13
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Protective Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum SC-5 on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040897. [PMID: 36832972 PMCID: PMC9957050 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a specific immune-associated intestinal disease. At present, the conventional treatment for patients is not ideal. Probiotics are widely used in the treatment of IBD patients due to their ability to restore the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier effectively and safely. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum is a kind of probiotic that exists in the intestines of hosts and is considered to have good probiotic properties. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum SC-5 (SC-5) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice. We estimated the effect of SC-5 on the clinical symptoms of mice through a body weight change, colon length, and DAI score. The inhibitory effects of SC-5 on the levels of cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. The protein expression levels of NF-κB, MAPK signaling pathway, and the tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-3, and ZO-1 were verified using Western Blot and immunofluorescence. 16S rRNA was used to verify the modulatory effect of SC-5 on the structure of intestinal microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice. The results showed that SC-5 could alleviate the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis mice, and significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue. It also attenuated the inflammatory response by inhibiting the protein expression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. SC-5 improved the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier by strengthening tight junction proteins. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that SC-5 was effective in restoring intestinal flora balance, as well as in increasing the relative abundance and diversity of beneficial microbiota. These results indicated that SC-5 has the potential to be developed as a new probiotic candidate that prevents or alleviates IBD.
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14
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Lv X, Li S, Yu Y, Zhang X, Li F. Crustin Defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection by Regulating Intestinal Microbial Balance in Litopenaeus vannamei. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020130. [PMID: 36827171 PMCID: PMC9963704 DOI: 10.3390/md21020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Crustins are a kind of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that exist in crustaceans. Some crustins do not have direct antimicrobial activity but exhibit in vivo defense functions against Vibrio. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. Here, the regulatory mechanism was partially revealed along with the characterization of the immune function of a type I crustin, LvCrustin I-2, from Litopenaeus vannamei. LvCrustin I-2 was mainly detected in hemocytes, intestines and gills and was apparently up-regulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Although the recombinant LvCrustin I-2 protein possessed neither antibacterial activity nor agglutinating activity, the knockdown of LvCrustin I-2 accelerated the in vivo proliferation of V. parahaemolyticus. Microbiome analysis showed that the balance of intestinal microbiota was impaired after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown. Further transcriptome analysis showed that the intestinal epithelial barrier and immune function were impaired in shrimp after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown. After removing the intestinal bacteria via antibiotic treatment, the phenomenon of impaired intestinal epithelial barrier and immune function disappeared in shrimp after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown. This indicated that the impairment of the shrimp intestine after LvCrustin I-2 knockdown was caused by the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. The present data suggest that crustins could resist pathogen infection through regulating the intestinal microbiota balance, which provides new insights into the functional mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides during pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Lv
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shihao Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (F.L.)
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15
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Manna L, Rizzi E, Bafile E, Cappelleri A, Ruscica M, Macchi C, Podaliri Vulpiani M, Salini R, Rossi E, Panebianco C, Perri F, Pazienza V, Federici F. Lentilactobacillus kefiri SGL 13 and Andrographis paniculata alleviate dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1072334. [PMID: 36860688 PMCID: PMC9968723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1072334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions that typically involve diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and weight loss, with a dramatic impact on patients' quality of life. Standard medications are often associated with adverse side effects. Thus, alternative treatments such as probiotics are of great interest. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of Lentilactobacillus kefiri (basonym: Lactobacillus kefiri) SGL 13 and Andrographis paniculata, namely, Paniculin 13™, on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- treated C57BL/6J mice. Methods Colitis was induced by administering 1.5% DSS in drinking water for 9 days. Forty male mice were divided into four groups, receiving PBS (control), 1.5% DSS, Paniculin 13™ and 1.5% DSS + Paniculin 13™. Results The results showed that body weight loss and Disease Activity Index (DAI) score were improved by Paniculin 13™. Moreover, Paniculin 13™ ameliorated DSS-induced dysbiosis, by modulating the gut microbiota composition. The gene expression of MPO, TNFα and iNOS in colon tissue was reduced and these data matched with the histological results, supporting the efficacy of Paniculin 13™ in reducing the inflammatory response. No adverse effects were associated to Paniculin 13™ administration. Discussion In conclusion, Paniculin 13™ could be an effective add-on approach to conventional therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Manna
- PNK Farmaceutici S.p.a., Castelnuovo Vomano, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Cappelleri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UNIMI, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Podaliri Vulpiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “Giuseppe Caporale” (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Romolo Salini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “Giuseppe Caporale” (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “Giuseppe Caporale” (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Federica Federici
- PNK Farmaceutici S.p.a., Castelnuovo Vomano, Italy,*Correspondence: Federica Federici,
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Beauchemin ET, Hunter C, Maurice CF. Actively replicating gut bacteria identified by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) click chemistry and cell sorting. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2180317. [PMID: 36823031 PMCID: PMC9980609 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2180317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the intestinal bacterial community is well described, but recent research suggests that the metabolism of these bacteria plays a larger role in health than which species are present. One fundamental aspect of gut bacterial metabolism that remains understudied is bacterial replication. Indeed, there exist few techniques which can identify actively replicating gut bacteria. In this study, we aimed to address this gap by adapting 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) click chemistry (EdU-click), a metabolic labeling method, coupled with fluorescence-activated cell sorting and sequencing (FACS-Seq) to characterize replicating gut bacteria. We first used EdU-click with human gut bacterial isolates and show that many of them are amenable to this technique. We then optimized EdU-click and FACS-Seq for murine fecal bacteria and reveal that Prevotella UCG-001 and Ileibacterium are enriched in the replicating fraction. Finally, we labeled the actively replicating murine gut bacteria during exposure to cell wall-specific antibiotics in vitro. We show that regardless of the antibiotic used, the actively replicating bacteria largely consist of Ileibacterium, suggesting the resistance of this taxon to perturbations. Overall, we demonstrate how combining EdU-click and FACSeq can identify the actively replicating gut bacteria and their link with the composition of the whole community in both homeostatic and perturbed conditions. This technique will be instrumental in elucidating in situ bacterial replication dynamics in a variety of other ecological states, including colonization and species invasion, as well as for investigating the relationship between the replication and abundance of bacteria in complex communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve T. Beauchemin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claire Hunter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corinne F. Maurice
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,CONTACT Corinne F. Maurice Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Disturbances of the Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235140. [PMID: 36501169 PMCID: PMC9735443 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease whose pathogenesis is still elusive. The gut microbiota exerts important and diverse effects on host physiology through maintaining immune balance and generating health-benefiting metabolites. Many studies have demonstrated that IBD is associated with disturbances in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Both the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota are dramatically decreased in IBD patients. Furthermore, some particular classes of microbiota-derived metabolites, principally short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, and its metabolites, and bile acids have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we aim to define the disturbance of gut microbiota and the key classes of microbiota-derived metabolites in IBD pathogenesis. In addition, we also focus on scientific evidence on probiotics, not only on the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics on IBD but also the challenges it faces in safe and appropriate application.
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18
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Jia Z, Zhang B, Sharma A, Kim NS, Purohit SM, Green MM, Roche MR, Holliday E, Chen H. Revelation of the sciences of traditional foods. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Tavakoli P, Vollmer-Conna U, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Vázquez-Campos X, Grimm MC. The Interplay Between Use of Biological Therapies, Psychological State, and the Microbiome in IBD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:788992. [PMID: 35928295 PMCID: PMC9345200 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.788992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examines longitudinal bio-psychological dynamics and their interplay in IBD patients undergoing conventional and biological therapies. Methods Fifty IBD participants (24 UC, 26 CD) in clinical remission were followed for 12 months. Complete longitudinal datasets, biological samples, validated scores of psychological status were collected monthly for analysis of association. Microbiome analysis was performed to identify microbial dynamics and signatures. Patients were grouped on disease phenotype (CD, UC) and mode of treatment (biological therapies, non-biological treatment). General linear models, mixed models, cluster analysis, and analyses of variance were used to examine the longitudinal trends of the variables and their associations over time. Results were corrected for multiple testing. Results Results substantiated different interactions between biological therapy and longitudinal trends of inflammatory biomarkers in remission CD and UC patients as well as significant differences between CD and UC patients in their psychological measures during clinical remission, with UC patients having inferior condition compared to CD. A significant reduction in microbial diversity in CD patients compared to UC was identified. Results characterized considerable differences in longitudinal microbial profile between those taking and not taking biological treatment in UC patients, but not in CD patients. Conclusion A different trajectory of interdependence was identified between psychological state, sleep, and microbial dynamics with mode of treatment when compared between CD and UC patients. Further studies should investigate the causal relationships between bio-psychological factors for improved treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris Tavakoli
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paris Tavakoli
| | - Ute Vollmer-Conna
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xabier Vázquez-Campos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Carl Grimm
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Krela-Kaźmierczak I, Zakerska-Banaszak O, Skrzypczak-Zielińska M, Łykowska-Szuber L, Szymczak-Tomczak A, Zawada A, Rychter AM, Ratajczak AE, Skoracka K, Skrzypczak D, Marcinkowska E, Słomski R, Dobrowolska A. Where Do We Stand in the Behavioral Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease? The Western Dietary Pattern and Microbiota-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122520. [PMID: 35745251 PMCID: PMC9230670 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing knowledge with regard to IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), the etiology of these conditions is still not fully understood. Apart from immunological, environmental and nutritional factors, which have already been well documented, it is worthwhile to look at the possible impact of genetic factors, as well as the composition of the microbiota in patients suffering from IBD. New technologies in biochemistry allow to obtain information that can add to the current state of knowledge in IBD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.-K.); (O.Z.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Oliwia Zakerska-Banaszak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.-Z.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.-K.); (O.Z.-B.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Liliana Łykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Ewa Ratajczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kinga Skoracka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Skrzypczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.-K.); (O.Z.-B.); (D.S.)
| | - Emilia Marcinkowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.-Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (L.Ł.-S.); (A.S.-T.); (A.Z.); (A.M.R.); (A.E.R.); (K.S.); (E.M.); (A.D.)
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21
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Efficacy of Probiotics-Based Interventions as Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Recent Update. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3546-3567. [PMID: 35844369 PMCID: PMC9280206 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. play an important role in human health as they embark beneficial effect on the human gastrointestinal microflora composition and immune system. Dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbial composition has been identified as a major contributor to chronic inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Higher prevalence of IBD is often recorded in most of the developed Western countries, but recent data has shown an increase in previously regarded as lower risk regions, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Although the IBD etiology remains a subject of speculation, the disease is likely to have developed because of interaction between extrinsic environmental elements; the host’s immune system, and the gut microbial composition. Compared to conventional treatments, probiotics and probiotic-based interventions including the introduction of specific prebiotics, symbiotic and postbiotic products had been demonstrated as more promising therapeutic measures. The present review discusses the association between gut dysbiosis, the pathogenesis of IBD, and risk factors leading to gut dysbiosis. In addition, it discusses recent studies focused on the alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiome as an effective therapy for IBD. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other viral infections on IBD are also discussed in this review. Clinical and animal-based studies have shown that probiotic-based therapies can restore the gastrointestinal microbiota balance and reduce gut inflammations. Therefore, this review also assesses the status quo of these microbial-based therapies for the treatment of IBD. A better understanding of the mechanisms of their actions on modulating altered gut microbiota is required to enhance the effectiveness of the IBD therapeutics.
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22
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Schiano Moriello A, Di Marzo V, Petrosino S. Mutual Links between the Endocannabinoidome and the Gut Microbiome, with Special Reference to Companion Animals: A Nutritional Viewpoint. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030348. [PMID: 35158670 PMCID: PMC8833664 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that perturbation of the gut microbiome, known as “dysbiosis”, is associated with the pathogenesis of human and veterinary diseases that are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, recent studies have demonstrated that dysbiosis is linked to the pathogenesis of central neuroinflammatory disorders, supporting the existence of the so-called microbiome-gut-brain axis. The endocannabinoid system is a recently recognized lipid signaling system and termed endocannabinoidome monitoring a variety of body responses. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that a profound link exists between the gut microbiome and the endocannabinoidome, with mutual interactions controlling intestinal homeostasis, energy metabolism and neuroinflammatory responses during physiological conditions. In the present review, we summarize the latest data on the microbiome-endocannabinoidome mutual link in health and disease, focalizing the attention on gut dysbiosis and/or altered endocannabinoidome tone that may distort the bidirectional crosstalk between these two complex systems, thus leading to gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases (e.g., idiopathic inflammation, chronic enteropathies and obesity) as well as neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g., neuropathic pain and depression). We also briefly discuss the novel possible dietary interventions based not only on probiotics and/or prebiotics, but also, and most importantly, on endocannabinoid-like modulators (e.g., palmitoylethanolamide) for intestinal health and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ and INAF, Centre NUTRISS, Faculties of Medicine and Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebéc City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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23
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de Sire R, Nardone OM, Testa A, Calabrese G, Caiazzo A, Castiglione F. Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Adult Crohn's Disease: an Overview of Clinical Practice and Perceived Barriers. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2021; 14:493-501. [PMID: 35002274 PMCID: PMC8720860 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s267172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the role of nutrition in the management of Crohn's disease (CD) is of increasing interest and the exploration of novel nutritional interventions to improve long-term management of the disease is challenging. So far, the majority of the studies on the role of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in CD are conducted in the pediatric population and have highlighted the efficacy of EEN for achieving mucosal healing. This implicates that a similar approach would be beneficial in adult patients. However, the evidence for EEN in adults is heterogeneous, with meta-analyses reporting it as inferior to steroids while growing data demonstrate improvement in complicated CD. Currently, EEN is less used in adult patients with IBD. Indeed, the lack of palatability of enteral formula leads to difficulties in acceptance and compliance. The search for more tolerable and still effective diets has become an intense area of research aiming to explore the potential role of diet to control inflammation in patients with CD. Thus, this narrative review provides the state-of-the-art on the use of EEN treatment in CD and highlights the perceived barriers to its implementation in adult CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Sire
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Maria Nardone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Testa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Caiazzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Zhu Y, Gu L, Lin X, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhou X, Lu B, Lin X, Liu C, Prochownik EV, Li Y. Ceramide-mediated gut dysbiosis enhances cholesterol esterification and promotes colorectal tumorigenesis in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 7:150607. [PMID: 34914638 PMCID: PMC8855812 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) severely threatens human health and life span. An effective therapeutic strategy has not been established because we do not clearly know its pathogenesis. Here, we report that ceramide and sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) have roles in both spontaneous and chemical-induced intestinal cancers. We first found that miRNA-148a deficiency dramatically increased mouse gut dysbiosis through upregulating ceramide synthase 5 (Cers5) expression, which promoted ceramide synthesis afterward. The newly generated ceramide further promoted both azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate–induced (AOM/DSS-induced) and ApcMin/+ spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis via increasing mouse gut dysbiosis. Meanwhile, increased level of ceramide correlated with the significant enhancements of both β-catenin activity and colorectal tumorigenesis in a TLR4-dependent fashion. Next, we found a direct binding of β-catenin to SOAT1 promoter to activate transcriptional expression of SOAT1, which further induced cholesterol esterification and colorectal tumorigenesis. In human patients with CRC, the same CERS5/TLR4/β-catenin/SOAT1 axis was also found to be dysregulated. Finally, the SOAT1 inhibitor (avasimibe) showed significant levels of therapeutic effects on both AOM/DSS-induced and ApcMin/+ spontaneous intestinal cancer. Our study clarified that ceramide promoted CRC development through increasing gut dysbiosis, further resulting in the increase of cholesterol esterification in a SOAT1-dependent way. Treatment with avasimibe to specifically decrease cholesterol esterification could be considered as a clinical strategy for effective CRC therapy in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmiao Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingjun Lu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingrong Lin
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Youjun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Kameli N, Becker HEF, Welbers T, Jonkers DMAE, Penders J, Savelkoul P, Stassen FR. Metagenomic Profiling of Fecal-Derived Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Crohn's Disease Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102795. [PMID: 34685776 PMCID: PMC8535131 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, many studies suggested a crucial role for dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the etiology of Crohn's disease (CD). However, despite being important players in host-bacteria interaction, the role of bacterial membrane vesicles (MV) has been largely overlooked in the pathogenesis of CD. In this study, we addressed the composition of the bacterial and MV composition in fecal samples of CD patients and compared this to the composition in healthy individuals. METHODS Fecal samples from six healthy subjects (HC) in addition to twelve CD patients (six active, six remission) were analyzed in this study. Fecal bacterial membrane vesicles (fMVs) were isolated by a combination of ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. DNA was obtained from the fMV fraction, the pellet of dissolved feces as bacterial DNA (bDNA), or directly from feces as fecal DNA (fDNA). The fMVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and cryo-electron microscopy. Amplicon sequencing of 16s rRNA V4 hypervariable gene regions was conducted to assess microbial composition of all fractions. RESULTS Beta-diversity analysis showed that the microbial community structure of the fMVs was significantly different from the microbial profiles of the fDNA and bDNA. However, no differences were observed in microbial composition between fDNA and bDNA. The microbial richness of fMVs was significantly decreased in CD patients compared to HC, and even lower in active patients. Profiling of fDNA and bDNA demonstrated that Firmicutes was the most dominant phylum in these fractions, while in fMVs Bacteroidetes was dominant. In fMV, several families and genera belonging to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly altered in CD patients when compared to HC. CONCLUSION The microbial alterations of MVs in CD patients particularly in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria suggest a possible role of MVs in host-microbe symbiosis and induction or progression of inflammation in CD pathogenesis. Yet, the exact role for these fMV in the pathogenesis of the disease needs to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Kameli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (F.R.S.)
| | - Heike E. F. Becker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Tessa Welbers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Daisy M. A. E. Jonkers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank R. Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (F.R.S.)
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26
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Gao H, Cao M, Yao Y, Hu W, Sun H, Zhang Y, Zeng C, Tang J, Luan S, Chen P. Dysregulated Microbiota-Driven Gasdermin D Activation Promotes Colitis Development by Mediating IL-18 Release. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750841. [PMID: 34721422 PMCID: PMC8551709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between gut microbiota and host is critical for maintaining host health. Although dysregulation of the gut microbiota triggers the development of various inflammatory diseases, including colitis, the molecular mechanism of microbiota-driven colitis development is largely unknown. Here, we found that gasdermin D (GSDMD) was activated during acute colitis. In the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, compared to wild-type mice, Gsdmd-deficient mice had less colitis severity. Mechanistically, GSDMD expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), but not infiltrating immune cells, was critical for GSDMD-mediated colitis progression. Moreover, commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) largely overgrew during colitis, and then the dysregulated commensal E. coli mediated GSDMD activation. Furthermore, the activated GSDMD promoted the release of interleukin-18 (IL-18), but not the transcript or maturation level of IL-18, which in turn mediated goblet cell loss to induce colitis development. Thus, GSDMD promotes colitis development by mediating IL-18 release, and the microbiota can mediate colitis pathogenesis through regulation of GSDMD activation. Our results provide a potential molecular mechanism by which the microbiota-driven GSDMD activation contributes to colitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Gao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengtao Cao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yikun Yao
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, and Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 305 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Tang
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaodong Luan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Chamorro N, Montero DA, Gallardo P, Farfán M, Contreras M, De la Fuente M, Dubois K, Hermoso MA, Quera R, Pizarro-Guajardo M, Paredes-Sabja D, Ginard D, Rosselló-Móra R, Vidal R. Landscapes and bacterial signatures of mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in Chilean and Spanish patients with inflammatory bowel disease. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2021; 8:223-238. [PMID: 34527721 PMCID: PMC8404152 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.09.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), cause chronic inflammation of the gut, affecting millions of people worldwide. IBDs have been frequently associated with an alteration of the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, which is generally characterized by an increase in abundance of Proteobacteria such as Escherichia coli, and a decrease in abundance of Firmicutes such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (an indicator of a healthy colonic microbiota). The mechanisms behind the development of IBDs and dysbiosis are incompletely understood. Using samples from colonic biopsies, we studied the mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in Chilean and Spanish patients with IBD. In agreement with previous studies, microbiome comparison between IBD patients and non-IBD controls indicated that dysbiosis in these patients is characterized by an increase of pro-inflammatory bacteria (mostly Proteobacteria) and a decrease of commensal beneficial bacteria (mostly Firmicutes). Notably, bacteria typically residing on the mucosa of healthy individuals were mostly obligate anaerobes, whereas in the inflamed mucosa an increase of facultative anaerobe and aerobic bacteria was observed. We also identify potential co-occurring and mutually exclusive interactions between bacteria associated with the healthy and inflamed mucosa, which appear to be determined by the oxygen availability and the type of respiration. Finally, we identified a panel of bacterial biomarkers that allow the discrimination between eubiosis from dysbiosis with a high diagnostic performance (96% accurately), which could be used for the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods. Thus, this study is a step forward towards understanding the landscapes and alterations of mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota in patients with IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayaret Chamorro
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - David A. Montero
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Gallardo
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Campus Oriente-Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Farfán
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Campus Oriente-Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Mauricio Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie De la Fuente
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Karen Dubois
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Programa Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal. Servicio de Gastroenterología, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Gastroenterología, Clínica Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie Pizarro-Guajardo
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Daniel Paredes-Sabja
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Daniel Ginard
- Department of Gastroenterology and Palma Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ramon Rosselló-Móra
- Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Diversity, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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Maksimaityte V, Bausys A, Kryzauskas M, Luksta M, Stundiene I, Bickaite K, Bausys B, Poskus T, Bausys R, Strupas K. Gastrectomy impact on the gut microbiome in patients with gastric cancer: A comprehensive review. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:678-688. [PMID: 34354801 PMCID: PMC8316847 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i7.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and gastrectomy remains the only potentially curative treatment option for this disease. However, the surgery leads to significant physiological and anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including loss of the gastric barrier, an increase in oxygenation levels in the distal gut, and biliary diversion after gastrectomy. These changes in the GI tract influence the composition of the gut microbiome and thus, host health. Gastrectomy-induced dysbiosis is characterized by increased abundance of typical oral cavity bacteria, an increase in aero-tolerant bacteria (aerobes/facultative anaerobes), and increased abundance of bile acid-transforming bacteria. Furthermore, this dysbiosis is linked to intestinal inflammation, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, various GI symptoms, and an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidota Maksimaityte
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
| | - Augustinas Bausys
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius 08660, Lithuania
| | - Marius Kryzauskas
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Luksta
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Stundiene
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
| | | | - Bernardas Bausys
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Poskus
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Bausys
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius 08660, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Strupas
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius 03101, Lithuania
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29
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Choi YJ, Kim JE, Lee SJ, Gong JE, Son HJ, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota From Complement 3 Knockout Mice With Constipation Phenotypes Contributes to Development of Defecation Delay. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650789. [PMID: 34349661 PMCID: PMC8326834 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant phenotypes for constipation were detected in complement 3 (C3) knockout (KO) mice, although no research has been conducted on an association with alteration of gut microbiota. To investigate the effects of dysbiosis on fecal microbiota from C3 KO mice with constipation, the composition of fecal microbiota was characterized in mid-colons of 16-week-old C3 KO mice, and their function for defecation delay development was examined after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of C3 KO mice. Some significant alterations in constipation phenotypes, including stool parameters and histopathological structure, were detected in 16-week-old C3 KO mice compared to those of wild-type (WT) mice. Fecal microbiota of C3 KO mice exhibited decreases in Anaerocolumna, Caecibacterium, Christensenella, Kineothrix, and Oscillibacter populations and increases in Prevotellamassilia, Reuthenibacterium, Prevotella, Eubacterium, Culturomica, Bacteroides, and Muribaculum populations. In FMT study, key stool parameters, including weight and water content, were remarkably declined in a transplanted KO (KFMT) group of antibiotics-induced depletion of microbiota (AiDM)-WT and AiDM-KO mice, and a similar change was observed in fecal morphology. However, intestine length decreased in only the KFMT group of AiDM-WT mice compared with that of AiDM-KO mice. The mucosal layer and muscle thickness were commonly decreased in the KFMT group of AiDM-WT and AiDM-KO mice, and significant alterations in the crypt structure of Lieberkuhn and molecular regulators, including AQP8, C-kit, and 5-HT, were observed in the same group. Taken together, results of the present study indicate that dysbiosis of fecal microbiota from C3 KO mice with constipation phenotypes has a key role in the induction and regulation of defecation delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Gong
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Hong Joo Son
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea.,Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
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30
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Korlepara V, Kumar N, Banerjee S. Gut Microbiota And Inflammatory Disorders. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:156-169. [PMID: 34165407 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210623125603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gut has been colonized with bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, eukarya. The human and bacterial cells are found in a 1:1 ratio, while the variance in the diversity of gut microbiota may result in Dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis may result in various pathological manifestations. Beneficial gut microbiota may synthesize short-chain fatty acids like acetate, butyrate, propionate, while -gram-negative organisms are the primary source of LPS, a potent pro-inflammatory mediator. Both gut microbiota and microbial products may be involved in immunomodulation as well as inflammation. Prebiotics and probiotics are being explored as therapeutic agents against various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Here we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in gut bacteria-mediated modulation of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Korlepara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sugato Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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31
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Dingeo G, Brito A, Samouda H, Iddir M, La Frano MR, Bohn T. Phytochemicals as modifiers of gut microbial communities. Food Funct 2021; 11:8444-8471. [PMID: 32996966 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiota (GM) is paramount for a healthy lifestyle. Alterations of the GM have been involved in the aetiology of several chronic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In pathological conditions, the diversity of the GM is commonly reduced or altered, often toward an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The colonic fermentation of dietary fiber has shown to stimulate the fraction of bacteria purported to have beneficial health effects, acting as prebiotics, and to increase the production of short chain fatty acids, e.g. propionate and butyrate, while also improving gut epithelium integrity such as tight junction functionality. However, a variety of phytochemicals, often associated with dietary fiber, have also been proposed to modulate the GM. Many phytochemicals possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may positively affect the GM, including polyphenols, carotenoids, phytosterols/phytostanols, lignans, alkaloids, glucosinolates and terpenes. Some polyphenols may act as prebiotics, while carotenoids have been shown to alter immunoglobulin A expression, an important factor for bacteria colonization. Other phytochemicals may interact with the mucosa, another important factor for colonization, and prevent its degradation. Certain polyphenols have shown to influence bacterial communication, interacting with quorum sensing. Finally, phytochemicals can be metabolized in the gut into bioactive constituents, e.g. equol from daidzein and enterolactone from secoisolariciresinol, while bacteria can use glycosides for energy. In this review, we strive to highlight the potential interactions between prominent phytochemicals and health benefits related to the GM, emphasizing their potential as adjuvant strategies for GM-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Brito
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg. and Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Mohammed Iddir
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA. and Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Population Health Department, Nutrition and Health Research Group, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen L-1445, Luxembourg.
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32
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Sheng Q, Li F, Chen G, Li J, Li J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Li Q, Li M, Chai K. Ursolic Acid Regulates Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammatory Cell Infiltration to Prevent Ulcerative Colitis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6679316. [PMID: 34007853 PMCID: PMC8111854 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6679316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disorder in the colon and rectum leading to low life-quality and high societal costs. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural product with pharmacological and biological activities. The studies are aimed at investigating the protective and treatment effects of UA against the dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced UC mouse model and its underlying mechanism. UA was orally administered at different time points before and after the DSS-induced model. Mice body weight, colon length, and histological analysis were used to evaluate colon tissue damage and therapeutic evaluation. Intestinal transcriptome and microbe 16 s sequencing was used to analyze the mechanisms of UA in the prevention and treatment of UC. The early prevention effect of UA could effectively delay mouse weight loss and colon length shorten. UA alleviated UC inflammation and lowered serum and colon IL-6 levels. Three classical inflammatory pathways: MAPKs, IL-6/STAT3, and PI3K were downregulated by UA treatment. The proportion of macrophages and neutrophils in inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in UA treatment groups. UA could significantly reduce the richness of intestinal flora to avoid the inflammatory response due to the destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The function of UA against UC was through reducing intestinal flora abundance and regulating inflammatory and fatty acid metabolism signaling pathways to affect immune cell infiltration and cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsong Sheng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Guanping Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Jing Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - YiFan Wang
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Yingyan Lu
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Qun Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
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The Role of Enterobacteriaceae in Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040697. [PMID: 33801755 PMCID: PMC8066304 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases with unknown etiology. There is a combination of well documented factors in their pathogenesis, including intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The symbiotic microbiota plays important functions in the host, and the loss of beneficial microbes could favor the expansion of microbial pathobionts. In particular, the bloom of potentially harmful Proteobacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, has been described as enhancing the inflammatory response, as observed in IBDs. Herein, we seek to investigate the contribution of Enterobacteriaceae to IBD pathogenesis whilst considering the continuous expansion of the literature and data. Despite the mechanism of their expansion still remaining unclear, their expansion could be correlated with the increase in nitrate and oxygen levels in the inflamed gut and with the bile acid dysmetabolism described in IBD patients. Furthermore, in several Enterobacteriaceae studies conducted at a species level, it has been suggested that some adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) play an important role in IBD pathogenesis. Overall, this review highlights the pivotal role played by Enterobacteriaceae in gut dysbiosis associated with IBD pathogenesis and progression.
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34
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Herrick MK, Tansey MG. Is LRRK2 the missing link between inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease? NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:26. [PMID: 33750819 PMCID: PMC7943592 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Links that implicate the gastrointestinal system in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis and progression have become increasingly common. PD shares several similarities with Crohn's disease (CD). Intestinal inflammation is common in both PD and CD and is hypothesized to contribute to PD neuropathology. Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are one of the greatest genetic contributors to PD. Variants in LRRK2 have also been associated with increased incidence of CD. Since its discovery, LRRK2 has been studied intensely in neurons, despite multiple lines of evidence showing that LRRK2 is highly expressed in immune cells. Based on the fact that higher levels of LRRK2 are detectable in inflamed colonic tissue from CD patients and in peripheral immune cells from sporadic PD patients relative to matched controls, we posit that LRRK2 regulates inflammatory processes. Therefore, LRRK2 may sit at a crossroads whereby gut inflammation and higher LRRK2 levels in CD may be a biomarker of increased risk for sporadic PD and/or may represent a tractable therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases that increase risk for PD. Here we will focus on reviewing how PD and CD share overlapping phenotypes, particularly in terms of LRRK2 in the context of the immune system, that could be targeted in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Herrick
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease at The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease at The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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35
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Sugitani Y, Inoue R, Inatomi O, Nishida A, Morishima S, Imai T, Kawahara M, Naito Y, Andoh A. Mucosa-associated gut microbiome in Japanese patients with functional constipation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 68:187-192. [PMID: 33879972 PMCID: PMC8046005 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with chronic constipation is increasing in Japan. We investigated the gut mucosa-associated microbiome in Japanese patients with functional constipation. Diagnosis was made according to the Rome IV criteria. Mucosal samples were obtained by gentle brushing of mucosa surfaces. The gut microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. There were no significant differences in bacteria α-diversity such as richness and evenness. The PCoA indicated significant structural differences between the constipation group and healthy controls (p = 0.017 for unweighted and p = 0.027 for weighted). The abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly higher in the constipation group. The abundance of the genera Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Comamonas, and Alistipes was significantly higher in the constipation group. The abundance of the genera Acinetobacter, Oscillospilla, Mucispirillum, Propinibacterium, and Anaerotruncus was significantly lower in the constipation group. In the constipation group, the proportion of genes responsible for sulfur metabolism, selenocompound metabolism, sulfur relay system was significantly higher and the proportion of d-arginine and d-ornithine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis was significantly lower. In conclusion, we identified differences of the mucosa-associated microbiome between Japanese patients with functional constipation and healthy controls. The mucosa-associated microbiome of functional constipation was characterized by higher levels of Bacteroidetes (Alistipes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Sugitani
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - So Morishima
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takayuki Imai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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36
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Chen X, Lou L, Tang H, Tan X, Bi J, Wu H, Li N, Wang Y, Mao J. Adsorptive granulomonocytapheresis alters the gut bacterial microbiota in patients with active ulcerative colitis. J Clin Apher 2021; 36:454-464. [PMID: 33598970 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory disease with unclear etiology. Studies have shown that UC is closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Adsorptive granulomonocytapheresis (GMA) using an Adacolumn has been found to treat UC effectively, but its underlying mechanism of treatment has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of GMA on the gut microbiota in patients with active UC. METHODS We conducted a single-center prospective analysis of patients with active UC who received GMA therapy and ultimately achieved clinical remission. Stool samples of healthy controls and patients before and after 5 or 10 sessions of GMA therapy were collected. Subsequently, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3 and V4 gene region of the stool was conducted and clustering of operational taxonomic units and species annotation were performed. RESULTS Gut microbial profiles in patients with UC were characterized by low bacterial diversity. After 5 or 10 sessions of GMA therapy, the gut microbiota diversity in patients with UC increased and was similar to that of healthy controls. UC was further characterized by increased abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides, as well as decreased abundances of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Firmicutes, and Dialister; however, after GMA therapy, the abundance of Bacteroides decreased, whereas those of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Firmicutes increased. CONCLUSIONS Active UC is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. GMA therapy exerts a strong regulatory effect on the gut microbiota in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lian Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, 967 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiying Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingde Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingwei Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Naseer M, Poola S, Ali S, Samiullah S, Tahan V. Prebiotics and Probiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Where are we now and where are we going? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:216-233. [PMID: 32164516 DOI: 10.2174/1574884715666200312100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The incidence, prevalence, and cost of care associated with diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease are on the rise. The role of gut microbiota in the causation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis has not been established yet. Nevertheless, several animal models and human studies point towards the association. Targeting intestinal dysbiosis for remission induction, maintenance, and relapse prevention is an attractive treatment approach with minimal adverse effects. However, the data is still conflicting. The purpose of this article is to provide the most comprehensive and updated review on the utility of prebiotics and probiotics in the management of active Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis/pouchitis and their role in the remission induction, maintenance, and relapse prevention. A thorough literature review was performed on PubMed, Ovid Medline, and EMBASE using the terms "prebiotics AND ulcerative colitis", "probiotics AND ulcerative colitis", "prebiotics AND Crohn's disease", "probiotics AND Crohn's disease", "probiotics AND acute pouchitis", "probiotics AND chronic pouchitis" and "prebiotics AND pouchitis". Observational studies and clinical trials conducted on humans and published in the English language were included. A total of 71 clinical trials evaluating the utility of prebiotics and probiotics in the management of inflammatory bowel disease were reviewed and the findings were summarized. Most of these studies on probiotics evaluated lactobacillus, De Simone Formulation or Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and there is some evidence supporting these agents for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis and prevention of pouchitis relapse with minimal adverse effects. The efficacy of prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides and Plantago ovata seeds in ulcerative colitis are inconclusive and the data regarding the utility of prebiotics in pouchitis is limited. The results of the clinical trials for remission induction and maintenance in active Crohn's disease or post-operative relapse with probiotics and prebiotics are inadequate and not very convincing. Prebiotics and probiotics are safe, effective and have great therapeutic potential. However, better designed clinical trials in the multicenter setting with a large sample and long duration of intervention are needed to identify the specific strain or combination of probiotics and prebiotics which will be more beneficial and effective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Naseer
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Shiva Poola
- Department of Internal and Pediatric Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Syed Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Sami Samiullah
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Missouri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Veysel Tahan
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Missouri, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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Turpin W, Bedrani L, Espin-Garcia O, Xu W, Silverberg MS, Smith MI, Garay JAR, Lee SH, Guttman DS, Griffiths A, Moayyedi P, Panaccione R, Huynh H, Steinhart HA, Aumais G, Dieleman LA, Turner D, Paterson AD, Croitoru K. Associations of NOD2 polymorphisms with Erysipelotrichaceae in stool of in healthy first degree relatives of Crohn's disease subjects. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:204. [PMID: 33059653 PMCID: PMC7566148 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic analyses have identified many variants associated with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development. Among these variants, the ones located within the NOD2 gene have the highest odds ratio of all IBD genetic risk variants. Also, patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have been shown to have an altered gut microbiome, which might be a reflection of inflammation itself or an effect of other parameters that contribute to the risk of the disease. Since NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that senses bacterial peptidoglycan in the cytosol and stimulates the host immune response (Al Nabhani et al., PLoS Pathog 13:e1006177, 2017), it is hypothesized that NOD2 variants represent perfect candidates for influencing host-microbiome interactions. We hypothesized that NOD2 risk variants affect the microbiome composition of healthy first degree relative (FDR) of CD patients and thus potentially contribute to an altered microbiome state before disease onset. METHODS Based on this, we studied a large cohort of 1546 healthy FDR of CD patients and performed a focused analysis of the association of three major CD SNPs in the coding region of the NOD2 gene, which are known to confer a 15-40-fold increased risk of developing CD in homozygous or compound heterozygous individuals. RESULTS Our results show that carriers of the C allele at rs2066845 was significantly associated with an increase in relative abundance in the fecal bacterial family Erysipelotrichaceae. CONCLUSIONS This result suggests that NOD2 polymorphisms contribute to fecal microbiome composition in asymptomatic individuals. Whether this modulation of the microbiome influences the future development of CD remains to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Turpin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Larbi Bedrani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Michelle I Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hien Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hillary A Steinhart
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Guy Aumais
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Department of Medicine, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Levinus A Dieleman
- Division of Gastroenterology and CEGIIR, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dan Turner
- Department of pediatric GI, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Andrew D Paterson
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue Room 437, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.
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Nishimura S, Aoi W, Kodani H, Kobayashi Y, Wada S, Kuwahata M, Higashi A. Polysorbate 80-induced leaky gut impairs skeletal muscle metabolism in mice. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14629. [PMID: 33113283 PMCID: PMC7592879 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired intestinal permeability can induce systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbance. However, the effect of impaired intestinal permeability on metabolic function in the skeletal muscle is unknown. Dietary polysorbate 80 (PS80), a common emulsifier, has been shown to impair intestinal permeability in mice. Here, we investigated the effect of PS80-induced intestinal permeability on glucose tolerance with metabolic signaling in the skeletal muscle. Male ICR mice were divided into control and PS80 groups. In the PS80 group, PS80 was contained in the drinking water at 1% (w/v). After 4 weeks, plasma fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) intensity was measured after orally administering FITC-dextran. Half of the mice in each group underwent running exercises. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters were examined in the blood and skeletal muscle. Plasma FITC and lipopolysaccharide levels were higher in the PS80 group than the control group (p < .01, p = .085). The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the skeletal muscle was increased upon PS80 administration (p < .05). Although the homeostasis model assessment ratio was higher in the PS80-fed mice (p < .05), insulin-signaling activity in the muscle did not differ between groups. Muscular pH, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity, and glycogen content after exercise were lower in the PS80 group (p < .05) than the control group. There was a negative correlation between plasma FITC and muscle glycogen levels in the exercised groups (r = -.60, p < .05). These results suggest that daily PS80 intake induces intestinal permeability, leading to glucose intolerance and mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saho Nishimura
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
- Division of Nutrition ManagementOsaka University HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hinako Kodani
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yukiko Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Sayori Wada
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akane Higashi
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
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40
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Shastry RP, Rekha PD. Bacterial cross talk with gut microbiome and its implications: a short review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 66:15-24. [PMID: 32949007 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota exists in a complicated symbiotic relationship which postulates to impact health and disease conditions on the host. Interestingly, the gut microbiome shows different mechanisms to regulate host physiology and metabolism including cell-to-cell communications. But microbiota imbalance is characterized to change in the host normal functioning and lead to the development and progression of major human diseases. Therefore, the direct cross talk through the microbial metabolites or peptides suggests the evidence of host health and disease. Recent reports highlight the adaptation signals/small molecules promoting microbial colonization which allows modulating immunity of host and leads to pathogen colonization. Moreover, quorum sensing peptides are also evident in the involvement of host disease conditions. Here, we review the current understanding of the gut microbiota cross talk with mammalian cells through metabolites and peptides. These studies are providing insight into the prediction of signature molecules which significantly provide information for the understanding of the interaction for precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Shastry
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - P D Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
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41
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Wang C, Huang L, Wang P, Liu Q, Wang J. The Effects of Deoxynivalenol on the Ultrastructure of the Sacculus Rotundus and Vermiform Appendix, as Well as the Intestinal Microbiota of Weaned Rabbits. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090569. [PMID: 32899719 PMCID: PMC7551620 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin found in grains that poses a potential threat to human and animal health, and the gastrointestinal tract is the primary target organ. There are few studies focused on the toxicology of DON to rabbits, especially on the relation among DON, microbiota, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. A total of 30 weaned rabbits (35 d) were evenly divided into the control group and DON group (1.5 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)) based on their body weight. After a 24-day trial, the ultrastructures of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix were observed using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology and microflora in the ileum, caecum, and colon were also examined. The results proved that the ultrastructure of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix, as well as the integrity of the intestinal barrier (especially for the ileum), were impaired after DON was administrated to the rabbits. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance and diversity of the microflora decreased in all three intestinal segments in the DON group, particularly in the ileum and caecum. In conclusion, the toxic effect of DON on weaned rabbits may be performed by destroying the structure of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix, as well as affecting the structure and diversity of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China; (C.W.); (L.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Libo Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China; (C.W.); (L.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China; (C.W.); (L.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Quancheng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China; (C.W.); (L.H.); (P.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-0121-7106
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42
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Leccese G, Bibi A, Mazza S, Facciotti F, Caprioli F, Landini P, Paroni M. Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains Counteract Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) Virulence and Hamper IL-23/Th17 Axis in Ulcerative Colitis, but Not in Crohn's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081824. [PMID: 32752244 PMCID: PMC7464949 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines and dysregulated activation of the IL-23/Th17 axis in response to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis are key factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In this work, we studied how Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains affect AIEC-LF82 virulence mechanisms and the consequent inflammatory response linked to the CCR6–CCL20 and IL-23/Th17 axes in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. All Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains significantly reduced the LF82 adhesion and persistence within HT29 intestinal epithelial cells, inhibiting IL-8 secretion while not affecting the CCR6–CCL20 axis. Moreover, they significantly reduced LF82 survival within macrophages and dendritic cells, reducing the secretion of polarizing cytokines related to the IL-23/Th17 axis, both in healthy donors (HD) and UC patients. In CD patients, however, only B. breve Bbr8 strain was able to slightly reduce the LF82 persistence within dendritic cells, thus hampering the IL-23/Th17 axis. In addition, probiotic strains were able to modulate the AIEC-induced inflammation in HD, reducing TNF-α and increasing IL-10 secretion by macrophages, but failed to do so in IBD patients. Interestingly, the probiotic strains studied in this work were all able to interfere with the IL-23/Th17 axis in UC patients, but not in CD patients. The different interaction mechanisms of probiotic strains with innate immune cells from UC and CD patients compared to HD suggest that testing on CD-derived immune cells may be pivotal for the identification of novel probiotic strains that could be effective also for CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Leccese
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Alessia Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Stefano Mazza
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy;
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (F.C.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Landini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Moira Paroni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.); (A.B.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Souza GND, Draghi PF, Yonamine GH. ORAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION THERAPY IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES AMONG THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2020; 38:e2019032. [PMID: 32520298 PMCID: PMC7274533 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2019032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To review the literature on oral and enteral nutrition therapy and
investigate the evidence of its efficacy as a treatment, as well as in
preventing relapses and reducing symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases in
the pediatric population. Data source: We performed a bibliographic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Latin
American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Literatura
Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - Lilacs)
databases, using the keywords “inflammatory bowel disease,” “diet,” and
“diet therapy” in English and Portuguese, with filters for pediatric studies
published in the previous five years. Data summary: We selected 16 articles for this study, nine on exclusive and/or partial
enteral nutrition and seven on modified oral diets, such as the specific
carbohydrate diet (SCD) and the Crohn’s Disease exclusion diet (CDED). The
studies found evaluated the anthropometric profile of patients and the
inflammatory profile of diseases in children before and after the
introduction of each specific nutrition therapy. All interventions presented
positive changes in these parameters; however, the results were inconclusive
regarding the efficacy of SCD and CDED in the treatment and prevention of
relapses. Conclusions: Exclusive enteral nutrition has proven to be effective in inducing remission
of Crohn’s Disease, and the use of partial enteral nutrition for maintenance
treatment has shown promising results. Other modified oral diets are
inconclusive concerning their effectiveness, requiring further randomized
controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Neves de Souza
- Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Glauce Hiromi Yonamine
- Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Gao X, Miao R, Zhu Y, Lin C, Yang X, Jia R, Linghan K, Wan C, Deng J. A new insight into acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: influences of changed intestinal microfloras. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:290. [PMID: 32522199 PMCID: PMC7646195 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that changes in intestinal microfloras are associated with both gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI tumors. It is not clear whether there is an association between GI microflora changes and hematological malignancies. Methods In the current study, we used 16S rDNA gene sequencing techniques to profile the GI microbiome in children with lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 18) and matched healthy control (n = 18). Using multiple specialized software [Heatmap, Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), Claster and Metastates], we analyzed the sequencing data for microfloral species classification, abundance and diversity. Results A total of 27 genera between the ALL and control groups (FDR ≤ 0.05 and/or P ≤ 0.05) showed significantly different abundance between ALL patients and healthy controls: 12 of them were predominant in healthy group and other 15 species were significantly higher in ALL group. In addition, we compared the abundance and diversity of microfloral species in ALL patients prior to and during remission stage after chemotherapy, and no significant difference was detected. Conclusions Compared to healthy controls, ALL patient showed significant changes of GI microfloras. Further explorations of the intestinal micro-ecology in ALL patients may provide important information to understand relationship between microfloras and ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Gao
- Department of Paediatrics, Western Women's and Children's Research Institute, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Number 20, 3rd Section, People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruixue Miao
- Department of Paediatrics, Western Women's and Children's Research Institute, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Number 20, 3rd Section, People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Paediatrics, Western Women's and Children's Research Institute, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Number 20, 3rd Section, People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Paediatrics, Western Women's and Children's Research Institute, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Number 20, 3rd Section, People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Western Women's and Children's Research Institute, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Number 20, 3rd Section, People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruizhen Jia
- Open Laboratory, West China Institute for Women's and Children's Health, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuang Linghan
- Group of bacterial biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan university west China second hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaomin Wan
- Department of Paediatrics, Western Women's and Children's Research Institute, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Number 20, 3rd Section, People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Department of Paediatrics, Western Women's and Children's Research Institute, West China University Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Number 20, 3rd Section, People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Translational Potential of Metabolomics on Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Systematic Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113856. [PMID: 32485793 PMCID: PMC7312423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the gut microbiota has been established as a key factor. Recently, metabolomics has become important for understanding the functional relevance of gut microbial changes in disease. Animal models for IBD enable the study of factors involved in disease development. However, results from animal studies may not represent the human situation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether results from metabolomics studies on animal models for IBD were similar to those from studies on IBD patients. Medline and Embase were searched for relevant studies up to May 2017. The Covidence systematic review software was used for study screening, and quality assessment was conducted for all included studies. Data showed a convergence of ~17% for metabolites differentiated between IBD and controls in human and animal studies with amino acids being the most differentiated metabolite subclass. The acute dextran sodium sulfate model appeared as a good model for analysis of systemic metabolites in IBD, but analytical platform, age, and biological sample type did not show clear correlations with any significant metabolites. In conclusion, this systematic review highlights the variation in metabolomics results, and emphasizes the importance of expanding the applied detection methods to ensure greater coverage and convergence between the various different patient phenotypes and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease.
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46
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Nutrition, IBD and Gut Microbiota: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040944. [PMID: 32235316 PMCID: PMC7230231 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by an inflammatory process that requires lifelong treatment. The underlying causes of IBD are still unclear, as this heterogeneous disorder results from a complex interplay between genetic variability, the host immune system and environmental factors. The current knowledge recognizes diet as a risk factor for the development of IBD and attributes a substantial pathogenic role to the intestinal dysbiosis inducing an aberrant mucosal immune response in genetically predisposed individuals. This review focused on the clinical evidence available that considers the impact of some nutrients on IBD onset and the role of different diets in the management of IBD and their effects on the gut microbiota composition. The effects of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet, low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet, gluten free diet, anti-inflammatory diet and Mediterranean diet are investigated with regard to their impact on microbiota and on the evolution of the disease. At present, no clear indications toward a specific diet are available but the assessment of dysbiosis prior to the recommendation of a specific diet should become a standard clinical approach in order to achieve a personalized therapy.
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47
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Han Y, Xiao H. Whole Food–Based Approaches to Modulating Gut Microbiota and Associated Diseases. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:119-143. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-111519-014337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intake of whole foods, such as fruits and vegetables, may confer health benefits to the host. The beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables were mainly attributed to their richness in polyphenols and microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs). Components in fruits and vegetables modulate composition and associated functions of the gut microbiota, whereas gut microbiota can transform components in fruits and vegetables to produce metabolites that are bioactive and important for health. The progression of multiple diseases, such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, is associated with diet and gut microbiota. Although the exact causality between these diseases and specific members of gut microbiota has not been well characterized, accumulating evidence supported the role of fruits and vegetables in modulating gut microbiota and decreasing the risks of microbiota-associated diseases. This review summarizes the latest findings on the effects of whole fruits and vegetables on gut microbiota and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
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48
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Guo XY, Liu XJ, Hao JY. Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:147-159. [PMID: 32040250 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota constitute the largest reservoir of the human microbiome and are an abundant and stable ecosystem-based on its diversity, complexity, redundancy, and host interactions This ecosystem is indispensable for human development and health. The integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier depends on its interactions with gut microbiota. The commensal bacterial community is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC). The dysbiosis of microbes is characterized by reduced biodiversity, abnormal composition of gut microbiota, altered spatial distribution, as well as interactions among microbiota, between different strains of microbiota, and with the host. The defects in microecology, with the related metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms, play a critical role in the innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa in UC. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat many diseases related to gut microbiota, with the most promising outcome reported in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, followed by IBD. This review evaluated the results of various reports of FMT in UC. The efficacy of FMT remains highly controversial, and needs to be regularized by integrated management, standardization of procedures, and individualization of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Juan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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49
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Russo E, Giudici F, Fiorindi C, Ficari F, Scaringi S, Amedei A. Immunomodulating Activity and Therapeutic Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Tryptophan Post-biotics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2754. [PMID: 31824517 PMCID: PMC6883404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) are grouped as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). The IBD is associated to a multifaceted interplay between immunologic, microbial, genetic, and environmental factors. Nowadays, the gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis has been indicated as a cause in the IBD development, affecting the impaired cross-talk between GM and immune cells. Moreover, recent studies have uncovered a crucial role for bacterial post-biotics (metabolites) in the orchestration of the host immune response, as they could be messengers between the GM and the immune system. In addition, transgenic mouse models showed that SCFAs (Short Chain Fatty Acids) and Tryptophan (Trp) post-biotics play important immunomodulatory effects, regulating both innate and adaptive immune cell generation, their function and trafficking. Here, we present an overview on the main microbial post-biotics and their effects on the gut mucosa with specific emphasis on their relevance for IBD. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of SCFA and Trp post-biotics on IBD through approaches based on the “immunonutrition,” defined as a modulation of the immune system provided by specific interventions that modify dietary nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Fiorindi
- Department of Health Professions, Dietary Production Line and Nutrition, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Ficari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Scaringi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Nogueira F, Sharghi S, Kuchler K, Lion T. Pathogenetic Impact of Bacterial-Fungal Interactions. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100459. [PMID: 31623187 PMCID: PMC6843596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial infections are of paramount importance because of the potential severity of clinical manifestations, often associated with increased resistance to antimicrobial treatment. The intricate interplay with the host and the immune system, and the impact on microbiome imbalance, are of importance in this context. The equilibrium of microbiota in the human host is critical for preventing potential dysbiosis and the ensuing development of disease. Bacteria and fungi can communicate via signaling molecules, and produce metabolites and toxins capable of modulating the immune response or altering the efficacy of treatment. Most of the bacterial–fungal interactions described to date focus on the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans and different bacteria. In this review, we discuss more than twenty different bacterial–fungal interactions involving several clinically important human pathogens. The interactions, which can be synergistic or antagonistic, both in vitro and in vivo, are addressed with a focus on the quorum-sensing molecules produced, the response of the immune system, and the impact on clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Nogueira
- CCRI-St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Labdia-Labordiagnostik GmbH, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Center of Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.
| | - Shirin Sharghi
- CCRI-St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Labdia-Labordiagnostik GmbH, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Center of Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Center of Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.
| | - Thomas Lion
- CCRI-St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Labdia-Labordiagnostik GmbH, Vienna 1090, Austria.
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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