1
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Onkanga IO, Sang H, Hamilton R, Ondigo BN, Jaoko W, Odiere MR, Ganley-Leal L. CD193
(
CCR3
) expression by B cells correlates with reduced
IgE
production in paediatric schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12979. [PMID: 36971331 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that CD193, the eotaxin receptor, is highly expressed on circulating B cells in paediatric schistosomiasis mansoni. CD193 plays a role in directing granulocytes into sites of allergic-like inflammation in the mucosa, but little is known about its functional significance on human B cells. We sought to characterize CD193 expression and its relationship with S. mansoni infection. We found that CD193+ B cells increased with the intensity of schistosome infection. In addition, a significant negative association was observed between CD193 expression by B cells and IgE production. Decreased IgE levels are generally associated with susceptibility to re-infection. B cell stimulation with eotaxin-1 increased CD193 levels whereas IL-4 led to a reduction. This was supported by plasma levels of eotaxin-1 correlating with CD193 levels on B cells and other cells. In contrast, CD193 expression was induced on naive B cells with a combination of IL-10 and schistosome antigens. Whereas T cells had a modest increase in CD193 expression, only B cell CD193 appeared functionally chemotactic to eotaxin-1. Thus, CD193+ B cells, which co-express CXCR5, may be enroute to sites with allergic-like inflammation, such as gastrointestinal follicles, or even to Th2 granulomas, which develop around parasite eggs. Overall, our results suggest that schistosome infection may promote CD193 expression and suppress IgE via IL-10 and other undefined mechanisms related to B cell trafficking. This study adds to our understanding of why young children may have poor immunity. Nonetheless, praziquantel treatment was shown to reduce percentages of circulating CD193+ B cells lending hope for future vaccine efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Onkanga
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - H Sang
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - R Hamilton
- Elegance Biotechnologies, LLC, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - B N Ondigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - W Jaoko
- KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M R Odiere
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - L Ganley-Leal
- Elegance Biotechnologies, LLC, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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CCL11 Differentially Affects Post-Stroke Brain Injury and Neuroregeneration in Mice Depending on Age. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010066. [PMID: 31888056 PMCID: PMC7017112 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL11 has recently been shown to differentially affect cell survival under various pathological conditions including stroke. Indeed, CCL11 promotes neuroregeneration in neonatal stroke mice. The impact of CCL11 on the adult ischemic brain, however, remains elusive. We therefore studied the effect of ectopic CCL11 on both adolescent (six-week) and adult (six-month) C57BL6 mice exposed to stroke. Intraperitoneal application of CCL11 significantly aggravated acute brain injury in adult mice but not in adolescent mice. Likewise, post-stroke neurological recovery after four weeks was significantly impaired in adult mice whilst CCL11 was present. On the contrary, CCL11 stimulated gliogenesis and neurogenesis in adolescent mice. Flow cytometry analysis of blood and brain samples revealed a modification of inflammation by CCL11 at subacute stages of the disease. In adolescent mice, CCL11 enhances microglial cell, B and T lymphocyte migration towards the brain, whereas only the number of B lymphocytes is increased in the adult brain. Finally, the CCL11 inhibitor SB297006 significantly reversed the aforementioned effects. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates CCL11 to be a key player in mediating secondary cell injury under stroke conditions. Interfering with this pathway, as shown for SB297006, might thus be an interesting approach for future stroke treatment paradigms.
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3
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The Role of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8495913. [PMID: 31780872 PMCID: PMC6874876 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8495913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complicated disease involving multiple pathogenic factors. The complex relationships between long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and the morbidity of IBD drive numerous studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of LCFAs in IBD will substitute or boost the current IBD therapies, thereby obtaining mucosal healing. In this review, we focused on the roles of LCFAs on the important links of inflammatory regulation in IBD, including in the pathogen recognition phase and in the inflammatory resolving phase, and the effects of LCFAs on immune cells in IBD.
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4
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Loktionov A. Eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract and their role in the pathogenesis of major colorectal disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3503-3526. [PMID: 31367153 PMCID: PMC6658389 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i27.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are currently regarded as versatile mobile cells controlling and regulating multiple biological pathways and responses in health and disease. These cells store in their specific granules numerous biologically active substances (cytotoxic cationic proteins, cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, enzymes) ready for rapid release. The human gut is the main destination of eosinophils that are produced and matured in the bone marrow and then transferred to target tissues through the circulation. In health the most important functions of gut-residing eosinophils comprise their participation in the maintenance of the protective mucosal barrier and interactions with other immune cells in providing immunity to microbiota of the gut lumen. Eosinophils are closely involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), when their cytotoxic granule proteins cause damage to host tissues. However, their roles in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis appear to follow different immune response patterns. Eosinophils in IBD are especially important in altering the structure and protective functions of the mucosal barrier and modulating massive neutrophil influx to the lamina propria followed by transepithelial migration to colorectal mucus. IBD-associated inflammatory process involving eosinophils then appears to expand to the mucus overlaying the internal gut surface. The author hypothesises that immune responses within colorectal mucus as well as ETosis exerted by both neutrophils and eosinophils on the both sides of the colonic epithelial barrier act as additional pathogenetic factors in IBD. Literature analysis also shows an association between elevated eosinophil levels and better colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis, but mechanisms behind this effect remain to be elucidated. In conclusion, the author emphasises the importance of investigating colorectal mucus in IBD and CRC patients as a previously unexplored milieu of disease-related inflammatory responses.
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5
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Sohn DH, Jeong H, Roh JS, Lee HN, Kim E, Koh JH, Lee SG. Serum CCL11 level is associated with radiographic spinal damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:1455-1464. [PMID: 29850965 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of C-C motif chemokine11 (CCL11) in bone metabolism in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is not clearly elucidated. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to compare serum levels of CCL11 between patients with AS and healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between serum levels of CCL11 and radiographic spinal damage in patients with AS. We consecutively recruited 55 male patients with AS and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of CCL11, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17, and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) were measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Radiographs were scored according to the modified Stoke ankylosing spondylitis spine score (mSASSS), and syndesmophytes were defined as mSASSS ≥ 2. The serum levels of CCL11 in AS patients with syndesmophytes were significantly higher than those in AS patients without syndesmophytes (p = 0.007) and healthy controls (p = 0.006). In AS patients, the serum levels of CCL11 were significantly and positively correlated with mSASSS (p = 0.006), number of syndesmophytes (p = 0.029). After adjusting for confounding factors, elevated serum levels of CCL11 were associated with increased mSASSS (β = 0.007, p = 0.03) and higher risk for the presence of syndesmophytes (OR 2.34 per 50 pg/ml increase, p = 0.012) in AS patients. We found that the serum level of CCL11 was associated with structural damage in patients with AS, suggesting that CCL11 may serve as a promising biomarker for new bone formation in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hoim Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jong Seong Roh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Han-Na Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eunsung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jung Hee Koh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Geun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro, Seo-Gu, Busan, 49241, South Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
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6
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The shifted balance between circulating follicular regulatory T cells and follicular helper T cells in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2933-2945. [PMID: 29109300 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
B-cell immunity participates in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The immune balance between follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells and follicular helper T (TFH) cells is important in regulating B-cell responses. However, the alteration of TFR/TFH balance in UC remains unclear. Peripheral blood from 25 UC patients and 15 healthy controls was examined for the frequencies of circulating TFR, TFH, and regulatory T (Treg) cells by flow cytometry. Levels of serum cytokines were measured using cytometric bead array (CBA). Disease activity was evaluated by the Mayo Clinic Score. Compared with controls, UC patients exhibited significant reductions in circulating Foxp3+CXCR5+ TFR cells, the subset interleukin (IL)-10+Foxp3+CXCR5+ cells, and Treg cells, but significant expansions in Foxp3-CXCR5+ TFH cells and IL-21+Foxp3-CXCR5+ cells. UC patients also had reduced levels of serum IL-10 and elevated levels of serum IL-21. The values of Mayo Clinic Score, C-reactive protein (CRP), or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in UC patients were negatively correlated with circulating TFR cells, serum IL-10 level, and TFR/TFH ratio, while positively correlated with circulating TFH cells and serum IL-21 level. Alterations in circulating TFR and TFH cells shift the balance from immune tolerance to immune responsive state, contributing to dysregulated B-cell immunity and the pathogenesis of UC.
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7
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Wang X, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Wang H, Jiang Y, Gao P. Ulcerative Colitis Is Characterized by a Decrease in Regulatory B Cells. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1212-23. [PMID: 26980839 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by Th2-polarized, B cell responses. However, neither size, composition, nor activity of the Breg compartment in active UC has been evaluated. METHODS Peripheral blood of 25 patients with UC, 5 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 15 control subjects was examined for Bregs subsets by flow cytometry. Intestinal tissue of 5 patients with UC, 3 patients with CD and 5 control subjects was also examined for Bregs. The levels of serum interleukin (IL)-10, immunoglobulin (Ig), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in individual subjects were measured. Interleukin-10 production in B cells isolated from patients with UC was examined. Potential associations between the values of the different measures were analysed by the Spearman correlation test. RESULTS Compared with controls, the UC patients had significantly reduced frequencies of CD24(high)CD38(high) and CD5(+) Bregs in peripheral blood as well as in intestinal tissues, accompanied by lower serum IL-10 levels. Interleukin-10 production was significantly decreased in stimulated B cells from patients with UC, whereas patient IL-10(+) B cells were found to be enriched in CD24(high)CD38(high) and CD5(+) B cells. However, increased percentages of CD95(+)-exhausted Bregs were encountered in subsets. Furthermore, Mayo clinic scores, CRP, and ESR in UC patients was negatively correlated with the frequency of Bregs and the IL-10 concentration, whereas these parameters were positively correlated with the frequency of CD95(+)-exhausted Bregs and the IgG levels. CONCLUSIONS Active UC is characterized by exhaustion of regulatory control in the B cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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8
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Lino AC, Dörner T, Bar-Or A, Fillatreau S. Cytokine-producing B cells: a translational view on their roles in human and mouse autoimmune diseases. Immunol Rev 2016; 269:130-44. [PMID: 26683150 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
B-cell depletion therapy has beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases. This is only partly explained by an elimination of autoantibodies. How does B-cell depletion improve disease? Here, we review preclinical studies showing that B cells can propagate autoimmune disorders through cytokine production. We also highlight clinical observations indicating the relevance of these B-cell functions in human autoimmunity. Abnormalities in B-cell cytokine production have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In the first two diseases, B-cell depletion erases these abnormalities, and improves disease progression, suggesting a causative role for defective B-cell cytokine expression in disease pathogenesis. However, in the last two disorders, the pathogenic role of B cells and the effect of B-cell depletion on cytokine-producing B cells remain to be clarified. A better characterization of cytokine-expressing human B-cell subsets, and their modulation by B cell-targeted therapies might help understanding both the successes and failures of current B cell-targeted approaches. This may even lead to the development of novel strategies to deplete or amplify selectively pathogenic or protective subsets, respectively, which might be more effective than global depletion of the B-cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C Lino
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,CC12, Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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9
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Protein Kinase D2 Protects against Acute Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium in Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34079. [PMID: 27659202 PMCID: PMC5034322 DOI: 10.1038/srep34079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by dysregulation of the mucosal immune system resulting from impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function. Protein kinase D2 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses. The present study was to define PKD2 might affect murine colitis. Colitis was induced in wild-type mice (PKD2WT/WT) and PKD2 catalytic activity deficient mice (PKD2SSAA/SSAA) with dextran sulfate sodium. PKD2SSAA-knockin mice displayed catalytic activity deficiency and increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis with enhanced weight loss, colonic inflammation compared with PKD2WT/WT mice. Furthermore, crucial inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels in PKD2SSAA-knockin mice were higher than controls accompanied with down-regulation of ZO-1, MUC2 and intestinal barrier dysfunction. However, there were no differences in the proliferation or apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in PKD2SSAA-knockin mice compared with wild-type controls. In addition, PKD2 expression was repressed in patients with IBD compared with healthy controls. These studies suggested that activation of PKD2 in the colonic epithelium microenvironment may contribute to protect against DSS-induced colitis through regulation of intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function.
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10
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Jones GT, Phillips LV, Williams MJA, van Rij AM, Kabir TD. Two C-C Family Chemokines, Eotaxin and RANTES, Are Novel Independent Plasma Biomarkers for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002993. [PMID: 27126477 PMCID: PMC4889176 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation of the aortic wall is recognised as a key pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study was undertaken to determine whether inflammatory cytokines could be used as biomarkers for the presence of AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue profiles of 27 inflammatory cytokine were examined in AAA (n=14) and nonaneurysmal (n=14) aortic tissues. Three cytokines, regulated upon activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1b), had increased expression in AAA, particularly within the adventitial layer of the aortic wall. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) had reduced expression in all layers of the AAA wall. Examination of the circulating plasma profiles of AAA (n=442) and AAA-free controls (n=970) suggested a (risk factor adjusted) AAA-association with eotaxin, RANTES, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A plasma inflammatory cytokine score, calculated using these three markers, suggested a strong risk association with AAA (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.5-6.7; P<0.0001), independent of age, sex, history of ischemic heart disease, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to reports suggesting a distinct T helper 2-associated inflammatory profile in AAA, this current study suggests a more-generalized pattern of inflammation, albeit with some potentially distinct features, including elevated plasma eotaxin and decreased plasma RANTES. In combination with hsCRP, these markers may have potential utility as AAA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Andre M van Rij
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tasnuva D Kabir
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Hofmann SR, Kubasch AS, Range U, Laass MW, Morbach H, Girschick HJ, Hedrich CM. Serum biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Rheumatol Int 2016; 36:769-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-016-3466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Substance P mediates pro-inflammatory cytokine release form mesenteric adipocytes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1:420-432. [PMID: 26543894 PMCID: PMC4629258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Substance P (SP), neurokinin-1 receptors (NK-1Rs) are expressed in mesenteric preadipocytes and SP binding activates proinflammatory signalling in these cells. We evaluated the expression levels of SP (Tac-1), NK-1R (Tacr-1), and NK-2R (Tacr-2) mRNA in preadipocytes isolated from patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and examined their responsiveness to SP compared to control human mesenteric preadipocytes. The Aim of our study is to investigate the effects of the neuropeptide SP on cytokine expression in preadipocytes of IBD vs control patients and evaluate the potential effects of these cells on IBD pathophysiology via SP-NK-R interactions. METHODS Mesenteric fat was collected from control, Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients (n=10-11 per group). Preadipocytes were isolated, expanded in culture and exposed to substance P. Colon biopsies were obtained from control and IBD patients. RESULTS Tacr-1 and -2 mRNA were increased in IBD preadipocytes compared to controls, while Tac-1 mRNA was increased only in UC preadipocytes. SP differentially regulated the expression of inflammatory mediators in IBD preadipocytes compared to controls. Disease-dependent responses to SP were also observed between UC and CD preadipocytes. IL-17A mRNA expression and release increased after SP treatment in both CD and UC preadipocytes, while IL-17RA mRNA increased in colon biopsies from IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS Preadipocyte SP-NK-1R interactions during IBD may participate in IBD pathophysiology. The ability of human preadipocytes to release IL-17A in response to SP together with increased IL-17A receptor in IBD colon opens the possibility of a fat-colonic mucosa inflammatory loop that may be active during IBD.
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13
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Muñoz SA, Gandino IJ, Orden AO, Allievi A. Rituximab in the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 11:165-9. [PMID: 25523986 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The general consensus is that for patients with EGPA with poor prognosis, intensive therapy with both GC and CF is indicated. The maintenance of remission is made with GC and AZA. A considerable number of patients with EGPA are refractory to first line therapy, experience dose-limiting side effects or relapse. In clinical trials, RTX was effective for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis. However, patients with a diagnosis of EGPA were not included. OBJECTIVE to review and analyze the published literature regarding the use of RTX in the treatment of EGPA. METHODS The literature search was performed in MEDLINE and LILACS from 1965 and 1986 respectively until february 2014. RESULTS 27 patients were included. RTX treatment was due to refractory disease (n=20), relapse (n=5) and with newly diagnosed (n=2). The affected organs were the lungs, peripheral nervous system, kidney and the eyes. Sixteen patients had clinical remission and 8 patients had clinical response. CONCLUSIONS RTX was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of EGPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Andrés Muñoz
- Servicio de Clínica Médica División «A», Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ignacio Javier Gandino
- Servicio de Clínica Médica División «A», Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Omar Orden
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Aeronáutico Central, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Allievi
- Exjefe del Servicio de Clínica Médica División «A», Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Mann ER, Li X. Intestinal antigen-presenting cells in mucosal immune homeostasis: Crosstalk between dendritic cells, macrophages and B-cells. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9653-9664. [PMID: 25110405 PMCID: PMC4123356 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system maintains a delicate balance between immunogenicity against invading pathogens and tolerance of the commensal microbiota. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves a breakdown in tolerance towards the microbiota. Dendritic cells (DC), macrophages (MΦ) and B-cells are known as professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) due to their specialization in presenting processed antigen to T-cells, and in turn shaping types of T-cell responses generated. Intestinal DC are migratory cells, unique in their ability to generate primary T-cell responses in mesenteric lymph nodes or Peyer’s patches, whilst MΦ and B-cells contribute to polarization and differentiation of secondary T-cell responses in the gut lamina propria. The antigen-sampling function of gut DC and MΦ enables them to sample bacterial antigens from the gut lumen to determine types of T-cell responses generated. The primary function of intestinal B-cells involves their secretion of large amounts of immunoglobulin A, which in turn contributes to epithelial barrier function and limits immune responses towards to microbiota. Here, we review the role of all three types of APC in intestinal immunity, both in the steady state and in inflammation, and how these cells interact with one another, as well as with the intestinal microenvironment, to shape mucosal immune responses. We describe mechanisms of maintaining intestinal immune tolerance in the steady state but also inappropriate responses of APC to components of the gut microbiota that contribute to pathology in IBD.
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15
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Thiel J, Hässler F, Salzer U, Voll RE, Venhoff N. Rituximab in the treatment of refractory or relapsing eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R133. [PMID: 24286362 PMCID: PMC3979021 DOI: 10.1186/ar4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is part of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)-associated vasculitides. In EGPA small-vessel vasculitis is associated with eosinophilia and asthma. About 40% of EGPA patients are ANCA-positive, suggesting a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of EGPA. B cell-depleting therapy with rituximab (RTX) can be effective in ANCA-positive EGPA, but very few patients have been published to date. The role of RTX in the treatment of ANCA-negative EGPA is unclear. Methods We report a single-center cohort of patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Of these patients, nine (six ANCA-positive, three ANCA-negative) had been treated with RTX for relapsing or refractory disease on standard immunosuppressive treatment. In a retrospective analysis, data on treatment response, frequency of relapses, adverse events, and peripheral B-cell reconstitution were evaluated. Furthermore, serum immunoglobulin concentrations, ANCA status, and peripheral B cell subpopulations were assessed after RTX treatment. Results All patients had high disease activity before RTX treatment. At presentation 3 months after RTX therapy, all ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative patients had responded to RTX, with one patient being in complete remission, and eight patients being in partial remission. After a mean follow-up of 9 months, C-reactive protein concentrations had normalized, eosinophils had significantly decreased, and prednisone had been tapered in all patients. In all patients, RTX therapy was combined with a standard immunosuppressive therapy. Within the 9-month observation period, no relapse was recorded. Three patients were preemptively retreated with RTX, and during the median follow-up time of 3 years, no relapse occurred in these patients. During the follow-up of 13 patient-years, five minor but no major infections were recorded. Conclusions In our analysis on nine patients with EGPA resistant to standard therapy, rituximab proved to be an efficient and safe treatment for ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative patients. Preemptive retreatment with RTX, combined with standard maintenance immunosuppressants, resulted in a sustained treatment response. Prospective, randomized trials evaluating the use of RTX in EGPA are warranted.
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