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Lim JG, Ko JS, Ko JM, Kim HY, Kim MJ, Seong MW, Choi YH, Kang GH, Koh J, Moon JS. Characteristics of chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS) in children, a unique type of monogenic very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:396. [PMID: 38890589 PMCID: PMC11184885 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS) is a unique type of inflammatory bowel disease. CEAS is monogenic disease and is thought to develop from childhood, but studies on pediatric CEAS are scarce. We analyzed characteristics of pediatric CEAS. METHODS Eleven patients diagnosed with CEAS at Seoul National University Children's Hospital were identified and analyzed. Clinical data of patients were collected. Sanger sequencing of SLCO2A1 was performed on all patients. RESULTS Patients were diagnosed at a median age of 16.0 years (IQR 11.0 ~ 20.0), and the median age at symptoms onset was only 4.0 years (IQR 2.5 ~ 6.0). Growth delay was observed at the time of diagnosis. Patients showed multiple ulcers or strictures in the small intestine, while the esophagus and colon were unaffected in any patients. Almost half of the patients underwent small intestine resection. The major laboratory features of pediatric CEAS include iron deficiency anemia (IDA), hypoalbuminemia, and near-normal levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Two novel mutations of SLCO2A1 were identified. The most prevalent symptoms were abdominal pain and pale face. None of the immunomodulatory drugs showed a significant effect on CEAS. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric CEAS typically develop from very young age, suggesting it as one type of monogenic very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. CEAS can cause growth delay in children but there is no effective treatment currently. We recommend screening for SLCO2A1 mutations to pediatric patients with chronic IDA from a young age and small intestine ulcers without elevation of CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gyu Lim
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hun Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Moon
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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2
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Mukherjee T, Kumar N, Chawla M, Philpott DJ, Basak S. The NF-κB signaling system in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadh1641. [PMID: 38194476 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic condition characterized by episodes of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) system describes a family of dimeric transcription factors. Canonical NF-κB signaling is stimulated by and enhances inflammation, whereas noncanonical NF-κB signaling contributes to immune organogenesis. Dysregulation of NF-κB factors drives various inflammatory pathologies, including IBD. Signals from many immune sensors activate NF-κB subunits in the intestine, which maintain an equilibrium between local microbiota and host responses. Genetic association studies of patients with IBD and preclinical mouse models confirm the importance of the NF-κB system in host defense in the gut. Other studies have investigated the roles of these factors in intestinal barrier function and in inflammatory gut pathologies associated with IBD. NF-κB signaling modulates innate and adaptive immune responses and the production of immunoregulatory proteins, anti-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and other tolerogenic factors in the intestine. Furthermore, genetic studies have revealed critical cell type-specific roles for NF-κB proteins in intestinal immune homeostasis, inflammation, and restitution that contribute to the etiopathology of IBD-associated manifestations. Here, we summarize our knowledge of the roles of these NF-κB pathways, which are activated in different intestinal cell types by specific ligands, and their cross-talk, in fueling aberrant intestinal inflammation. We argue that an in-depth understanding of aberrant immune signaling mechanisms may hold the key to identifying predictive or prognostic biomarkers and developing better therapeutics against inflammatory gut pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Mukherjee
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Meenakshi Chawla
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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3
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Thapa I, Talmon GA, Salomon J, Ramer-Tait AE, Bastola DK, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Loss of claudin-3 expression increases colitis risk by promoting Gut Dysbiosis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2282789. [PMID: 38010872 PMCID: PMC10730149 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2282789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of both the gut barrier and microbiota (dysbiosis) promotes susceptibility to and severity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Leaky gut and dysbiosis often coexist; however, potential interdependence and molecular regulation are not well understood. Robust expression of claudin-3 (CLDN3) characterizes the gut epithelium, and studies have demonstrated a positive association between CLDN3 expression and gut barrier maturity and integrity, including in response to probiotics. However, the exact status and causal role of CLDN3 in IBD and regulation of gut dysbiosis remain unknown. Analysis of mouse and human IBD cohorts helped examine CLDN3 expression in IBD. The causal role was determined by modeling CLDN3 loss of expression during experimental colitis. 16S sequencing and in silico analysis helped examine gut microbiota diversity between Cldn3KO and WT mice and potential host metabolic responses. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) studies were performed to assess the role of gut dysbiosis in the increased susceptibility of Cldn3KO mice to colitis. A significant decrease in CLDN3 expression characterized IBD and CLDN3 loss of expression promoted colitis. 16S sequencing analysis suggested gut microbiota changes in Cldn3KO mice that were capable of modulating fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress response. FMT from naïve Cldn3KO mice promoted colitis susceptibility in recipient germ-free mice (GFM) compared with GFM-receiving microbiota from WT mice. Our data demonstrate a critical role of CLDN3 in maintaining normal gut microbiota and inflammatory responses, which can be harnessed to develop novel therapeutic opportunities for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jeffrey Salomon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology and the Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Dhundy K. Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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4
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Juzenas S, Hübenthal M, Lindqvist CM, Kruse R, Steiert TA, Degenhardt F, Schulte D, Nikolaus S, Zeissig S, Bergemalm D, Almer S, Hjortswang H, Bresso F, Strüning N, Kupcinskas J, Keller A, Lieb W, Rosenstiel P, Schreiber S, D’Amato M, Halfvarson J, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Franke A. Detailed Transcriptional Landscape of Peripheral Blood Points to Increased Neutrophil Activation in Treatment-Naïve Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1097-1109. [PMID: 35022690 PMCID: PMC9351981 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which generally manifests as Crohn's disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC]. These subtypes are heterogeneous in terms of disease location and histological features, while sharing common clinical presentation, genetic associations and, thus, common immune regulatory pathways. METHODS Using miRNA and mRNA coupled transcriptome profiling and systems biology approaches, we report a comprehensive analysis of blood transcriptomes from treatment-naïve [n = 110] and treatment-exposed [n = 177] IBD patients as well as symptomatic [n = 65] and healthy controls [n = 95]. RESULTS Broadly, the peripheral blood transcriptomes of CD and UC patients were similar. However, there was an extensive gene deregulation in the blood of IBD patients, while only a slight deregulation in symptomatic controls, when compared with healthy controls. The deregulated mRNAs and miRNAs are mainly involved in the innate immunity and are especially enriched in neutrophil activation-related pathways. Oxidative phosphorylation and neutrophil activation-related modules were found to be differentially co-expressed among treatment-naïve IBD as compared to healthy controls. In the deregulated neutrophil activation-related co-expression module, IL1B was identified as the central gene. Levels of co-expression among IL1B and chemosensing receptor [CXCR1/2 and FPR1/2] genes were reduced in the blood of IBD patients when compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Immune dysregulation seen in peripheral blood transcriptomes of treatment-naïve IBD patients is mainly driven by neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Juzenas
- Corresponding author: Simonas Juzenas, PhD, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel (CAU), Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carl Mårten Lindqvist
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden,iRiSC – Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tim Alexander Steiert
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schulte
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany,Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanna Nikolaus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Bergemalm
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sven Almer
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, and Division of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linköping University, Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Francesca Bresso
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, and Division of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nina Strüning
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE – BRTA, Derio, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Liu M, Yuan W, Park S. Association between IL-10 rs3024505 and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2021; 149:155721. [PMID: 34628128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the small intestine, colon, and rectum. We evaluated associations between the interleukin 10 (IL-10) rs3024505 polymorphism and IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD) by meta-analysis. All peer-reviewed manuscripts concerning the relationship between IL-10_rs3024505 and IBD identified by searing the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Chinese Medical Database were examined. The association between IL-10_rs3024505 and IBD was evaluated in allele (AG), recessive (RG), dominant (DG), homozygous (HMG), and heterozygous (HTG) genetic models. Associations were also conducted on IBD subtypes, CD and UC, and ethnicity (Non-Europeans and Europeans) subgroups. The meta-analysis included 13 studies, 8552 cases (IBD patients), and 12,830 healthy controls. Subgroup analysis of IBD (UC and CD) revealed heterogeneity in AG, DG, and HTG but no heterogeneity in RG or HMG. Moreover, AG, DG, and HTG did not show publication bias in IBD, CD, or UC, but RG and HMG exhibited publication bias. No heterogeneity and no publication bias were found among the five genetic models by a subgroup analysis of Non-Europeans and European ethnicities. The minor allele(T) of rs3024505 was significantly related to IBD: 1.37 (1.30-1.45) for AG, 2.06 (1.74-2.45) for RG, 1.39 (1.27-1.52) for DG, 2.25 (1.89-2.67) for HMG, and 1.32 (1.23-1.40) for HTG (all P < 0.00001). In the subgroup analysis of ethnicity, there was a significant effect of rs3024505 on IBD in Europeans but not non-Europeans: 1.38 (1.31-1.46) for AG, 2.07 (1.73-2.48) for RG, 1.39 (1.31-1.49) for DG, 2.26 (1.89-2.71) for HMG, and 1.33 (1.24-1.42) for HTG in Europeans (all P < 0.00001). Sensitivity analysis showed no dominant study in Europeans, but one study had a dominant impact in Non-Europeans. In conclusion, IL-10_rs3024505 polymorphism confers susceptibility to CD and UC in Europeans, but its impact should have conducted more studies in Non-Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Yuan
- Dept. of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Karthikeyan A, Young KN, Moniruzzaman M, Beyene AM, Do K, Kalaiselvi S, Min T. Curcumin and Its Modified Formulations on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): The Story So Far and Future Outlook. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:484. [PMID: 33918207 PMCID: PMC8065662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of the small intestine and colon. IBD includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and it is a major factor for the development of colon cancer, referred to as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). The current treatment of IBD mainly includes the use of synthetic drugs and monoclonal antibodies. However, these drugs have side effects over long-term use, and the high relapse rate restricts their application. In the recent past, many studies had witnessed a surge in applying plant-derived products to manage various diseases, including IBD. Curcumin is a bioactive component derived from a rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies show that curcumin may interact with many cellular targets (NF-κB, JAKs/STATs, MAPKs, TNF-γ, IL-6, PPARγ, and TRPV1) and effectively reduce the progression of IBD with promising results. Thus, curcumin is a potential therapeutic agent for patients with IBD once it significantly decreases clinical relapse in patients with quiescent IBD. This review aims to summarize recent advances and provide a comprehensive picture of curcumin's effectiveness in IBD and offer our view on future research on curcumin in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Kim Na Young
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.N.Y.); (M.M.); (A.M.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.N.Y.); (M.M.); (A.M.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Anteneh Marelign Beyene
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.N.Y.); (M.M.); (A.M.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Kyoungtag Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.N.Y.); (M.M.); (A.M.B.); (K.D.)
| | - Senthil Kalaiselvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641043, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.N.Y.); (M.M.); (A.M.B.); (K.D.)
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7
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Association of Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms with Ulcerative Colitis. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Cococcioni L, Panelli S, Varotto-Boccazzi I, Carlo DD, Pistone D, Leccese G, Zuccotti GV, Comandatore F. IBDs and the pediatric age: Their peculiarities and the involvement of the microbiota. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:17-25. [PMID: 33189590 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are gastrointestinal disorders characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation, with growing incidence worldwide over the last decades and distinctive features in the pediatric age. An increasing body of evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a major role in inflammatory disorders, including IBDs. In this review we will discuss the most recent evidences on dysbiotic changes associated with gut inflammation, as well as environmental and genetic factors contributing to IBD pathogenesis, with a focus on the peculiarities of the pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cococcioni
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Panelli
- "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Domenico Di Carlo
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Pistone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università di Milano, Italy; "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Comandatore
- "L. Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Italy
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9
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Inflammatory bowel diseases, the hygiene hypothesis and the other side of the microbiota: Parasites and fungi. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104962. [PMID: 32480001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review tackles the concept of the evolutionary mismatch, in relation with the reduction of the prevalence of the so-called "dirty old friends". These formed the variegated community of parasites and microorganisms, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic, that, over long evolutionary times, co-evolved with humans and their ancestors, inhabiting their digestive tracts, and other body districts. This community of microbial symbionts and metazoan parasites is thought to have evolved a complex network of inter-independence with the host, in particular in relation with their immune stimulating capacity, and with the consequent adaptation of the host immune response to this chronic stimulation. Strictly related to this evolutionary mismatch, the hygiene hypothesis, proposed by David Strachan in 1989, foresees that the increase in the incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders during the twentieth century has been caused by the reduced exposure to parasites and microorganisms, especially in industrialized countries. Among these pathologies, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) occupy a prominent role. From these premises, this review summarizes current knowledge on how variations in the composition of the gut bacterial microbiota, as well as its interactions with fungal communities, influence the overall immune balance, favouring or counteracting gut inflammation in IBDs. Additionally, the effect of worm parasites, either directly on the immune balance, or indirectly, through the modulation of bacterial and fungal microbiota, will be addressed. Finally, we will review a series of studies related to the use of molecules derived from parasitic worms and fungi, which hold the potential to be developed as postbiotics for the treatment of IBDs.
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10
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Jodeleit H, Milchram L, Soldo R, Beikircher G, Schönthaler S, Al-amodi O, Wolf E, Beigel F, Weinhäusel A, Siebeck M, Gropp R. Autoantibodies as diagnostic markers and potential drivers of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228615. [PMID: 32050001 PMCID: PMC7015398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no comprehensive analysis of autoantibodies in sera of patients with ulcerative colitis has been conducted. To analyze the spectrum of autoantibodies and to elucidate their role serum-IgG from UC patients (n = 49) and non-UC donors (n = 23) were screened by using a human protein microarray. Screening yielded a remarkable number of 697 differentially-reactive at the nominal 0·01 significance level (FDR<0·1) of the univariate test between the UC and the non-UC group. CD99 emerged as a biomarker to discriminate between both groups (p = 1e-04, AUC = 0·8). In addition, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were analyzed by Olink's Proseek® Multiplex Inflammation-I 96×96 immuno-qPCR assay and 31 genes were significant at the nominal 0.05 level of the univariate test to discriminate between UC and non-UC donors. MCP-3, HGF and CXCL-9 were identified as the most significant markers to discriminate between UC patients with clinically active and inactive disease. Levels of CXCL10 (cor = 0.3; p = 0.02), CCL25 (cor = 0.25; p = 0.04) and CCL28 (cor = 0.3; p = 0.02) correlated positively with levels of anti CD99. To assess whether autoantibodies are detectable prior to diagnosis with UC, sera from nine donors at two different time points (T-early, median 21 months and T-late, median 6 months) were analyzed. 1201 features were identified with higher reactivity in samples at time points closer to clinical UC presentation. In vitro, additional challenge of peripheral mononuclear cells with CD99 did not activate CD4+ T cells but induced the secretion of IL-10 (-CD99: 20.21±20.25; +CD99: 130.20±89.55; mean ±sd; p = 0.015). To examine the effect of CD99 in vivo, inflammation and autoantibody levels were examined in NOD/ScidIL2Rγnull mice reconstituted with PBMC from UC donors (NSG-UC). Additional challenge with CD99 aggravated disease symptoms and pathological phenotype as indicated by the elevated clinical score (-CD99: 1·85 ± 1·94; +CD99: 4·25 ± 1·48) and histological score (-CD99: 2·16 ± 0·83; +CD99: 3·15 ± 1·16, p = 0·01). Furthermore, levels of anti-CD99 antibodies increased (Control: 398 ± 323; mean MFI ± sd; Ethanol + PBS: 358 ±316; Ethanol + CD99: 1363 ± 1336; Control versus Ethanol + CD99: p = 0.03). In a highly inflammatory environment, frequencies of pro-inflammatory M1 monocytes (CD14+ CD64+: unchallenged 8.09±4.72; challenged 14.2±8.62; p = 0.07; CD14+ CD1a+: unchallenged 16.29 ±6.97; challenged 43.81±14.4, p = 0.0003) increased and levels of autoantibodies in serum decreased in the NSG-UC mouse model. These results suggest that autoantibodies are potent biomarkers to discriminate between UC and non-UC and indicate risk to develop UC. In an inflammatory environment, auto-antibodies may promote the pathological phenotype by activating M1 monocytes in the NSG-UC animal model and also in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrika Jodeleit
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Milchram
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT), Giefinggasse, Wien, Austria
| | - Regina Soldo
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT), Giefinggasse, Wien, Austria
| | - Gabriel Beikircher
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT), Giefinggasse, Wien, Austria
| | - Silvia Schönthaler
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT), Giefinggasse, Wien, Austria
| | - Omar Al-amodi
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT), Giefinggasse, Wien, Austria
| | - Matthias Siebeck
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Gropp
- Department of General, Visceral und Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Genetic polymorphisms present in IL10, IL23R, NOD2, and ATG16L1 associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in Mexican population. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:10-16. [PMID: 31651650 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two clinical forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diverse studies have shown the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in molecules of the immune system and the occurrence of IBD. Here, several SNPs of the immune system with controversial results for their association with UC and CD were evaluated in a Mexican population. METHODS SNPs rs1800896, rs3024505 (IL-10); rs11209026 (IL23R); rs2066844, rs2066845 (NOD-2), and rs2241880 (ATG16L1) were assessed in 93 patients with IBD and 200 healthy controls by hybridization probes and quantitative PCR. RESULTS The AG genotype for rs1800896 was associated with an increased risk for both UC and CD (P = 0.005 and P = 0.026, respectively); whereas the AA genotype presents a negative association (P = 0.011 for UC, and 0.0038 for CD). For this SNP, G allele was associated with risk of UC (P = 0-043) but not for CD. For the rs3024505 in IL-10, T allele was associated with UC (P = 0.011). Moreover, this allele was associated with early onset of UC (P = 0.033) and with the use of steroid treatment (P = 0.019). No significant differences for NOD2 (rs2066844T and rs2066845C), IL23R (rs11209026), and ATG16L1 (rs22411880) were found between cases and controls and the homozygous TT genotype for rs2066844 and CC for rs2066845 were not observed. CONCLUSION Our results show both genotypic and phenotypic associations of IL-10 SNPs with IBD but not with the other immune-related SNPs studied in this Mexican cohort.
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[Construction of rat interleukin-10 adenoviral vector and its expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21. [PMID: 31315773 PMCID: PMC7389103 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct the recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the rat interleukin-10 (rIL-10) gene, and to investigate whether it is stably expressed in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS The rIL-10 gene was amplified by PCR from template rIL-10 cDNA, and the recovered 656 bp rIL-10 DNA fragment was cloned into pcDNA3.1 to construct pcDNA3.1-IL-10. Then HEK293 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-IL-10 and adenoviral vector for homologous recombination, and sequencing and PCR were used to evaluate whether recombination was successful. HEK293 cells were lysed by repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were infected with the virus solution containing the rIL-10 gene. Western blot was used to measure the expression of rIL-10 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS Sequencing and PCR verified that the rIL-10 adenoviral vector was successfully constructed, with a virus titer of 4×109 PFU/mL. The expression of IL-10 was detected after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were infected by the virus solution containing the rIL-10 gene. CONCLUSIONS The constructed rIL-10 recombinant adenovirus can mediate the stable expression of rIL-10 gene in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which provides a basis for gene transplantation therapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Pavlidis S, Monast C, Loza MJ, Branigan P, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Guo Y, Rowe A, Baribaud F. I_MDS: an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score to classify patients with differing disease-driving pathways and therapeutic response to anti-TNF treatment. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006951. [PMID: 31039157 PMCID: PMC6510457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are driven by both common and distinct underlying mechanisms of pathobiology. Both diseases, exhibit heterogeneity underscored by the variable clinical responses to therapeutic interventions. We aimed to identify disease-driving pathways and classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in their pathobiology and response to treatment. We applied hierarchical clustering of enrichment scores derived from gene set variation analysis of signatures representative of various immunological processes and activated cell types, to a colonic biopsy dataset that included healthy volunteers, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Patient stratification at baseline or after anti-TNF treatment in clinical responders and non-responders was queried. Signatures with significantly different enrichment scores were identified using a general linear model. Comparisons to healthy controls were made at baseline in all participants and then separately in responders and non-responders. Fifty-nine percent of the signatures were commonly enriched in both conditions at baseline, supporting the notion of a disease continuum within ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Signatures included T cells, macrophages, neutrophil activation and poly:IC signatures, representing acute inflammation and a complex mix of potential disease-driving biology. Collectively, identification of significantly enriched signatures allowed establishment of an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score which uses biopsy transcriptomics as a surrogate marker to accurately track disease severity. This score separated diseased from healthy samples, enabled discrimination of clinical responders and non-responders at baseline with 100% specificity and 78.8% sensitivity, and was validated in an independent data set that showed comparable classification. Comparing responders and non-responders separately at baseline to controls, 43% and 70% of signatures were enriched, respectively, suggesting greater molecular dysregulation in TNF non-responders at baseline. This methodological approach could facilitate better targeted design of clinical studies to test therapeutics, concentrating on patient subsets sharing similar underlying pathobiology, therefore increasing the likelihood of clinical response. Patients exhibiting similar phenotypical characteristics, diagnosed with the same disease, exhibit variable response to therapeutics. This is a major health care issue, due to the increased patient suffering and the socioeconomical burden that occurs. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis constitute good examples of inflammatory conditions, with sufferers responding differentially to existent therapeutics. Here, we identified disease-driving pathways and classified individuals into subpopulations that differ in their pathobiology and response to treatment. We utilized gene set variation analysis and transcriptomic data from inflammatory bowel disease sufferers to stratify patients at baseline or after anti-TNF treatment in clinical responders and non-responders. We explored gene signatures obtained from the literature, relevant to immune processes, which were significantly enriched in disease compared to healthy controls, as well as before and after treatment. Using these signatures, we established an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score, which allowed us to separate clinical responders and non-responders at baseline with high specificity and sensitivity. We validated the proposed approach in an independent data set, demonstrating comparable classification. This methodological approach may lead to better targeted design of clinical studies, allowing the selection of patient sharing similar underlying pathobiology, thus increasing the likelihood of clinical response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Pavlidis
- Janssen Research & Development Ltd, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Calixte Monast
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Loza
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | | | - Kiang F. Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Rowe
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | - Frédéric Baribaud
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shim JO. Recent Advance in Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2019; 22:41-49. [PMID: 30671372 PMCID: PMC6333591 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2019.22.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have revealed that early-onset IBD has distinct phenotypic differences compared with adult-onset IBD. In particular, very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) differs in many aspects, including the disease type, location of the lesions, disease behavior, and genetically attributable risks. Several genetic defects that disturb intestinal epithelial barrier function or affect immune function have been noted in these patients from the young age groups. In incidence of pediatric IBD in Korea has been increasing since the early 2000s. Neonatal or infantile-onset IBD develops in less than 1% of pediatric patients. Children with "neonatal IBD" or "infantile-onset IBD" have higher rates of affected first-degree relatives, severe disease course, and a high rate of resistance to immunosuppressive treatment. The suspicion of a monogenic cause of VEO-IBD was first confirmed by the discovery of mutations in the genes encoding the interleukin 10 (IL-10) receptors that cause impaired IL-10 signaling. Patients with such mutations typically presented with perianal fistulae, shows a poor response to medical management, and require early surgical interventions in the first year of life. To date, 60 monogenic defects have been identified in children with IBD-like phenotypes. The majority of monogenic defects presents before 6 years of age, and many present before 1 year of age. Next generation sequencing could become an important diagnostic tool in children with suspected genetic defects especially in children with VEO-IBD with severe disease phenotypes. VEO-IBD is a phenotypically and genetically distinct disease entity from adult-onset or older pediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Shim JO. Recent advance in very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2018; 17:9-16. [PMID: 30419637 PMCID: PMC6361014 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have revealed that early-onset IBD has distinct phenotypic differences compared with adult-onset IBD. In particular, very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) differs in many aspects, including the disease type, location of the lesions, disease behavior, and genetically attributable risks. Neonatal or infantile-onset IBD develops in less than 1% of pediatric patients. Children with infantile-onset IBD have high rates of affected first-degree relatives and severe disease course. The suspicion of a monogenic cause of VEO-IBD was first confirmed by the discovery of mutations in the genes encoding the interleukin 10 (IL-10) receptors that cause impaired IL-10 signaling. Patients with such mutations typically presented with perianal fistulae, shows a poor response to medical management, and require early surgical interventions in the first year of life. To date, 60 monogenic defects have been identified in children with IBD-like phenotypes. The majority of monogenic defects presents before 6 years of age, and many present before 1 year of age. Next generation sequencing could become an important diagnostic tool in children with suspected genetic defects especially in children with VEO-IBD with severe disease phenotypes. VEO-IBD is a phenotypically and genetically distinct disease entity from adult-onset or older pediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Disruption of GPR35 Exacerbates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2910-2922. [PMID: 30043283 PMCID: PMC6373462 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is an orphan receptor and is vastly expressed in immune cells and gastrointestinal cells, suggesting the potential physiological importance of GPR35 in these cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the lack of GPR35 expression in the colon mucosa exacerbates the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. METHODS Colitis was induced in GPR35 wild-type (GPR35+/+) and GPR35 knockout (GPR35-/-) mice through the administration of DSS in drinking water for 5 days followed by regular facility water for 1 day. Induction of colitis was evaluated by measuring relative body weight loss, clinical illness scores, and morphological changes in the colon. Abolition of Gpr35 gene expression in the colon mucosa of GPR35-/- mice was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Gene expressions of inflammatory and tissue remodeling cytokines were detected by qPCR. Human colorectal epithelial Caco cells were transfected with siRNA against GPR35 before treated with 1% DSS in vitro. Protein expressions were measured using Western blot. RESULTS GPR35-/- mice receiving DSS showed a significantly worsened colitis disease with profound loss of body weight and a considerable amount of severe clinical illness compared to GPR35+/+ mice that received DSS. The histology of colon sections from GPR35-/- mice showed extensive pathological changes including submucosal edema, diffuse ulcerations, and evidence of complete loss of crypts compared to wild-type mice. The mean histopathological score was significantly higher in GPR35-/- mice as compared to GPR35+/+ mice. The qPCR data revealed significant expression of pro-inflammatory and tissue remodeling cytokines in GPR35-/- colon mucosa, including IL-1β, CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, HMGB1, TGFβ1, TGFβ3, MMP1/9/12. The protein expressions of Zonula occludens-1, E-cadherin, Claudin1 were decreased upon knocking down GPR35 with or without 1% DSS treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data suggest that lack of GPR35 resulted in worsened disease outcome in DSS-induced experimental colitis, indicating that GPR35 could play a crucial role in protecting from colonic inflammation and serve as a therapeutic target.
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Teimoori-Toolabi L, Samadpoor S, Mehrtash A, Ghadir M, Vahedi H. Among autophagy genes, ATG16L1 but not IRGM is associated with Crohn's disease in Iranians. Gene 2018; 675:176-184. [PMID: 29960072 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases is uprising in countries like Iran. Genetic predisposing elements play prominent role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. In this study we studied the role of autophagy genes like IRGM (Immunity related GTPase M) and ATG16L1 (Autophagy related 16 like 1) in the pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease in Iranian patients. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight patients and 99 normal controls were recruited in this study. Polymorphisms in -1644 and -308 upstream of IRGM gene were studied by PCR-sequencing and 20 kb CNVdel/insertion was studied by specific PCR. Rs10065171, rs4958847 in IRGM gene and rs2241880 in ATG16L1 were studied by Taqman genotyping assays. RESULTS None of the so-called predisposing alleles of IRGM gene predispose Iranians to Crohn's disease while the prevalence of some of them like CNV deletion was higher in normal controls. Surprisingly all the so-called predisposing alleles in IRGM were linked to each other (especially rs4958847 with rs10065172 and polymorphisms in -308 region with rs4958847). Patients harboring A allele in rs4958847 site showed higher ratio of fibrostenotic type of disease while in patients with C/T genotype in rs4958847, colonic involvement was seen more frequently. G allele in ATG16L1 was associated with Crohn's disease though it was not associated with any phenotypic manifestation. CONCLUSION In our study the association of ATG16L1 to Crohn's disease in Iranian patients was confirmed while it was shown that the studied polymorphisms in IRGM was not associated with Crohn's disease. Therefore in order to have a better picture about the genetics of Crohn's disease in Iranian patients, it is recommended to study other clinically effective polymorphisms in IRGM and ATG16L1 in addition to other genes which are responsible for the process of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Samadpoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdis Ghadir
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayoon Vahedi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhou M, He J, Shen Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Chen Y. New Frontiers in Genetics, Gut Microbiota, and Immunity: A Rosetta Stone for the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8201672. [PMID: 28831399 PMCID: PMC5558637 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8201672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a complicated, uncontrolled, and multifactorial disorder characterized by chronic, relapsing, or progressive inflammatory conditions that may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. The protracted nature has imposed enormous economic burdens on patients with IBD, and the treatment is far from optimal due to the currently limited comprehension of IBD pathogenesis. In spite of the exact etiology still remaining an enigma, four identified components, including personal genetic susceptibility, external environment, internal gut microbiota, and the host immune response, are responsible for IBD pathogenesis, and compelling evidence has suggested that IBD may be triggered by aberrant and continuing immune responses to gut microbiota in genetically susceptibility individuals. The past decade has witnessed the flourishing of research on genetics, gut microbiota, and immunity in patients with IBD. Therefore, in this review, we will comprehensively exhibit a series of novel findings and update the major advances regarding these three fields. Undoubtedly, these novel findings have opened a new horizon and shed bright light on the causality research of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yujie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
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Lin Z, Wang Z, Hegarty JP, Lin TR, Wang Y, Deiling S, Wu R, Thomas NJ, Floros J. Genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin-10 signaling pathway in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4897-4909. [PMID: 28785144 PMCID: PMC5526760 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-10/STAT3 pathways in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS A total of 159 pediatric inflammatory IBD patients (Crohn’s disease, n = 136; ulcerative colitis, n = 23) and 129 matched controls were studied for genetic association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-10 gene and the genes IL10RA, IL10RB, STAT3, and HO1, from the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway. As interactions between SNPs from different loci may significantly affect the associated risk for disease, additive (a) and dominant (d) modeling of SNP interactions was also performed to examine high-order epistasis between combinations of the individual SNPs.
RESULTS The results showed that IL-10 rs304496 was associated with pediatric IBD (P = 0.022), but no association was found for two other IL-10 SNPs, rs1800872 and rs2034498, or for SNPs in genes IL10RA, IL10RB, STAT3, and HO1. However, analysis of epistatic interaction among these genes showed significant interactions: (1) between two IL-10 SNPs rs1800872 and rs3024496 (additive-additive P = 0.00015, Bonferroni P value (Bp) = 0.003); (2) between IL-10RB rs2834167 and HO1 rs2071746 (dominant-additive, P = 0.0018, Bp = 0.039); and (3) among IL-10 rs1800872, IL10RB rs2834167, and HO1 rs2071746 (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.00015, Bp = 0.005), as well as weak interactions among IL-10 rs1800872, IL-10 rs3024496, and IL-10RA (additive-additive-additive, P = 0.003; Bp = 0.099), and among IL10RA, IL10RB, and HO1 genes (additive-dominant-additive, P = 0.008, Bp = 0.287).
CONCLUSION These results indicate that both the IL-10 gene itself, and through epistatic interaction with genes within the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway, contribute to the risk of pediatric IBD.
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Mijac D, Petrovic IV, Djuranovic S, Perovic V, Bojic D, Culafic D, Popovic D, Krstic M, Jankovic G, Djoric M, Pravica V, Markovic M. The Polymorphism rs3024505 (C/T) Downstream of the IL10 Gene Is Associated with Crohn's Disease in Serbian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 240:15-24. [PMID: 27558476 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.240.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), manifesting as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by recurring episodes of inflammation in gastrointestinal tract, in which aberrant production of regulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) presumably plays important role. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect IL-10 production, such as rs1800896 (G/A) at position -1082 and rs1800871 (C/T) at position -819 in the promoter region of the IL10 gene, have been associated with CD and/or UC, but the results were inconsistent. Another SNP that may alter IL-10 production, rs3024505 (C/T) located immediately downstream of the IL10 gene has been recently identified. T allele of rs3024505 was associated with both UC and CD in Western populations, but the studies from East European countries are lacking. Therefore, our aim was to assess the association of rs3024505, rs1800896 and rs1800871 with Serbian IBD patients. To this end, 107 CD and 99 UC patients and 255 healthy controls were genotyped. As a result, T allele of rs3024505 was associated with CD at allelic, genotypic (GT genotype) and haplotypic (GCCT haplotype) level, suggesting potential role of this variant in susceptibility to CD. In contrast, CD patients carrying C allele of rs3024505 had significantly increased risk of anemia and stricturing/penetrating behavior. No association was observed between rs3024505 and UC or SNPs in IL10 promoter region and any form of IBD. In conclusion, rs3024505 SNP flanking the IL10 gene is associated with susceptibility and severity of disease in Serbian CD patients, further validating its role as a potential biomarker in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Mijac
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade
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Abstract
A fundamental function of the intestinal epithelium is to act as a barrier that limits interactions between luminal contents such as the intestinal microbiota, the underlying immune system and the remainder of the body, while supporting vectorial transport of nutrients, water and waste products. Epithelial barrier function requires a contiguous layer of cells as well as the junctions that seal the paracellular space between epithelial cells. Compromised intestinal barrier function has been associated with a number of disease states, both intestinal and systemic. Unfortunately, most current clinical data are correlative, making it difficult to separate cause from effect in interpreting the importance of barrier loss. Some data from experimental animal models suggest that compromised epithelial integrity might have a pathogenic role in specific gastrointestinal diseases, but no FDA-approved agents that target the epithelial barrier are presently available. To develop such therapies, a deeper understanding of both disease pathogenesis and mechanisms of barrier regulation must be reached. Here, we review and discuss mechanisms of intestinal barrier loss and the role of intestinal epithelial barrier function in pathogenesis of both intestinal and systemic diseases. We conclude with a discussion of potential strategies to restore the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Odenwald
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Gastroenterology), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 20 Shattuck Street, Thorn 1428, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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22
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Khalil M, Babes A, Lakra R, Försch S, Reeh PW, Wirtz S, Becker C, Neurath MF, Engel MA. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 ion channel in macrophages modulates colitis through a balance-shift in TNF-alpha and interleukin-10 production. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1500-1513. [PMID: 26982596 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family is well characterized in sensory neurons; however, little is known about its role in the immune system. Here we show that the cold-sensing TRPM8 has an unexpected role in innate immunity. TRPM8 expression and function in macrophages were demonstrated in vitro using molecular techniques and calcium imaging. In addition, adoptive macrophage transfer and systemic interleukin (IL)-10 overexpression were performed in experimental colitis. TRPM8 activation induced calcium-transients in murine peritoneal macrophages (PM) and bone marrow-derived macrophages of wild-type (WT) but not TRPM8-deficient mice. TRPM8-deficient PM exhibited defective phagocytosis and increased motility compared with those in WT, whereas the opposite effects of TRPM8 activation were induced in WT PM. TRPM8 activation or blockage/genetic deletion induced a anti- or pro-inflammatory macrophage cytokine profile, respectively. WT mice treated with repeated menthol (TRPM8 agonist) enemas were consistently protected from experimental colitis, whereas TRPM8-deficient mice showed increased colitis susceptibility. Adoptive transfer of TRPM8-deficient macrophages aggravated colitis, whereas systemic IL-10 overexpression rescued this phenotype. TRPM8 activation in peptidergic sensory neurons did not affect neuropeptide release from the inflamed colon. TRPM8 in macrophages determines pro- or anti-inflammatory actions by regulating tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 production. These findings suggest novel TRPM8-based options for immunomodulatory intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khalil
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Babes
- University of Bucharest Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Lakra
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Försch
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P W Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Becker
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M F Neurath
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Engel
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Ilott NE, Bollrath J, Danne C, Schiering C, Shale M, Adelmann K, Krausgruber T, Heger A, Sims D, Powrie F. Defining the microbial transcriptional response to colitis through integrated host and microbiome profiling. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:2389-404. [PMID: 27003245 PMCID: PMC5030693 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is significantly altered in inflammatory bowel diseases, but the basis of these changes is not well understood. We have combined metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiling of the gut microbiome to assess modifications to both bacterial community structure and transcriptional activity in a mouse model of colitis. By using transcriptomic analysis of colonic tissue and luminal RNA derived from the host, we have also characterised how host transcription relates to the microbial transcriptional response in inflammation. In colitis, increased abundance and transcription of diverse microbial gene families involved in responses to nutrient deprivation, antimicrobial peptide production and oxidative stress support an adaptation of multiple commensal genera to withstand a diverse set of environmental stressors in the inflammatory environment. These data are supported by a transcriptional signature of activated macrophages and granulocytes in the gut lumen during colitis, a signature that includes the transcription of the key antimicrobial genes S100a8 and S100a9 (calprotectin). Genes involved in microbial resistance to oxidative stress, including Dps/ferritin, Fe-dependent peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were identified as changing to a greater extent at the level of transcription than would be predicted by DNA abundance changes, implicating a role for increased oxygen tension and/or host-derived reactive oxygen species in driving transcriptional changes in commensal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bollrath
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Camille Danne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Schiering
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Matthew Shale
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Krista Adelmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Heger
- Computational Genomics Analysis and Training (CGAT), MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Sims
- Computational Genomics Analysis and Training (CGAT), MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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Øyri SF, Műzes G, Sipos F. Dysbiotic gut microbiome: A key element of Crohn's disease. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 43:36-49. [PMID: 26616659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the first publication on "regional ileitis", the relevance of this chronic inflammatory disease condition termed finally as Crohn's disease is continuously increasing. Although we are beginning to comprehend certain aspects of its pathogenesis, many facets remain unexplored. Host's gut microbiota is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including immune system development, and pathogen regulation. Further, the microbiome is thought to play a key role in Crohn's disease. The presence of Crohn's-associated variants of NOD2 and ATG16L genes appears to be associated not only with alterations of mucosal barrier functions, and bacterial killing, but the gut microbiota, as well, reflecting a potential relationship between the host's genotype and intestinal dysbiosis, involved in disease etiology. This review aims to characterize some exciting new aspect of Crohn's disease pathology, focusing mainly on the role of intestinal microbes, and their interplay with the immune system of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styrk Furnes Øyri
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Childhood Maltreatment Is Associated with Ulcerative Colitis but Not Crohn's Disease: Findings from a Population-based Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:2640-8. [PMID: 26230860 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests a link between childhood adversities and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, study limitations prevent generalization of findings. To address this, the current study uses a Canadian population-based sample to investigate the relationship between 3 childhood adversities and 2 types of IBD while controlling for a range of factors. METHODS Secondary data analysis of a subsample of the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health consisted of those with no missing data on any of the variables of interest (n = 21,852). The survey response rate was 68.9%. This study used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios of 3 types of childhood adversities (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing parental domestic violence) separately for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, each compared with those without IBD. The final model controls for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and mental health. The exposure was assessed by retrospective self-report, and the outcome was by self-report of a health professional diagnosis. RESULTS In a fully adjusted model, those who are physically (odds ratio = 2.28; confidence interval, 1.39-3.75) or sexually abused (odds ratio = 2.64; confidence interval, 1.61-4.33) during childhood had significantly higher odds of ulcerative colitis than their non-maltreated peers. No relationship is found between witnessing parental domestic violence and ulcerative colitis. None of the early adversities are significantly related to Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS Childhood physical and sexual abuse are related to ulcerative colitis, but not Crohn's disease. Future research that can address epigenetic and neuroendocrine factors should investigate pathways through which early adversities may translate into one type of IBD but not another.
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26
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Groza T, Köhler S, Moldenhauer D, Vasilevsky N, Baynam G, Zemojtel T, Schriml LM, Kibbe WA, Schofield PN, Beck T, Vasant D, Brookes AJ, Zankl A, Washington NL, Mungall CJ, Lewis SE, Haendel MA, Parkinson H, Robinson PN. The Human Phenotype Ontology: Semantic Unification of Common and Rare Disease. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:111-24. [PMID: 26119816 PMCID: PMC4572507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is widely used in the rare disease community for differential diagnostics, phenotype-driven analysis of next-generation sequence-variation data, and translational research, but a comparable resource has not been available for common disease. Here, we have developed a concept-recognition procedure that analyzes the frequencies of HPO disease annotations as identified in over five million PubMed abstracts by employing an iterative procedure to optimize precision and recall of the identified terms. We derived disease models for 3,145 common human diseases comprising a total of 132,006 HPO annotations. The HPO now comprises over 250,000 phenotypic annotations for over 10,000 rare and common diseases and can be used for examining the phenotypic overlap among common diseases that share risk alleles, as well as between Mendelian diseases and common diseases linked by genomic location. The annotations, as well as the HPO itself, are freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Groza
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dawid Moldenhauer
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole Vasilevsky
- Library, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gareth Baynam
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6840, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health and Clinical Services Division, Department of Health, Perth, WA 6004, Australia; Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Tomasz Zemojtel
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lynn Marie Schriml
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Warren Alden Kibbe
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Tim Beck
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Drashtti Vasant
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD UK
| | - Anthony J Brookes
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andreas Zankl
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Nicole L Washington
- Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Mungall
- Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Suzanna E Lewis
- Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa A Haendel
- Library, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD UK
| | - Peter N Robinson
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 9, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and unclassified IBD, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation and has a multifactorial etiology with complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The genetics of IBD are believed to be common and complex with over 163 associated genetic loci. However, the genetic contribution of the majority of these common loci is small, and the effect sizes are low. Although childhood onset IBD represents only 10% to 25% of all IBD cases, in depth research into the genetic networks of pediatric IBD has revealed exciting new developments and unsuspected pathways. Recent pediatric studies have revealed an increasing spectrum of human monogenic diseases with high effect sizes or penetrance that can present with IBD or IBD-like intestinal inflammation. A substantial proportion of patients with these genetic defects present with very early onset of intestinal inflammation, with onset of IBD at less than 10 years of age. There is also considerable overlap with primary immunodeficiencies and very early onset IBD. This review summarizes the current understanding of the genetics of pediatric IBD with a focus on the very early onset population and discusses the promising results from the effort of finding missing heritability of IBD from studying pediatric population.
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28
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Sarlos P, Kovesdi E, Magyari L, Banfai Z, Szabo A, Javorhazy A, Melegh B. Genetic update on inflammatory factors in ulcerative colitis: Review of the current literature. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5:304-21. [PMID: 25133031 PMCID: PMC4133528 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the main types of inflammatory bowel disease, which is caused by dysregulated immune responses in genetically predisposed individuals. Several genetic factors, including interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms and other inflammation-related genes play central role in mediating and modulating the inflammation in the human body, thereby these can be the main cause of development of the disease. It is clear these data are very important for understanding the base of the disease, especially in terms of clinical utility and validity, but summarized literature is exiguous for challenge health specialist that can used in the clinical practice nowadays. This review summarizes the current literature on inflammation-related genetic polymorphisms which are associated with UC. We performed an electronic search of Pubmed Database among publications of the last 10 years, using the following medical subject heading terms: UC, ulcerative colitis, inflammation, genes, polymorphisms, and susceptibility.
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29
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Rigoli L, Caruso RA. Inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric and adolescent patients: A biomolecular and histopathological review. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10262-10278. [PMID: 25132743 PMCID: PMC4130834 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with both overlapping and distinct clinical, pathological and biomolecular features. It has been suggested that pediatric IBD is a distinct disease entity, with probably different disease subtypes.The aim of this study is to review and summarize the evolution of the current concept of pediatric IBD. The results of this review reinforce the idea that pediatric CD and UC may be further classified in various clinicopathologic entities. For clinicians and pathologists convenience, practical algorithms for the distinction of the various subphenotypes of pediatric IBD are also provided.
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30
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Gjymishka A, Coman RM, Brusko TM, Glover SC. Influence of host immunoregulatory genes, ER stress and gut microbiota on the shared pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and Type 1 diabetes. Immunotherapy 2014; 5:1357-66. [PMID: 24283846 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with its two distinct entities, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of these diseases continues to rapidly rise in the industrialized world. Despite the identification of several genetic loci that are associated with both IBD and T1D, thus far, there is a paucity of epidemiological data to support a clinical overlap. In an effort to better understand the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of both IBD and T1D, this review summarizes the literature about these related autoimmune diseases, describes the most recent advances in their etiopathogenesis and emphasizes the genetic and nongenetic factors that exercise a differential influence. Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic loci with a role in immune response regulation that are linked to both IBD (particularly Crohn's disease) and T1D. Some of these genetic loci (e.g., IL-18RAP) have a divergent role, conferring risk for one disease and protection for the other. Recent evidence highlights an important role of gut microbiota and cellular responses (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum stress) in the pathogenesis of both IBD and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altin Gjymishka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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31
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Magyari L, Kovesdi E, Sarlos P, Javorhazy A, Sumegi K, Melegh B. Interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel diseases susceptibility. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3208-22. [PMID: 24695754 PMCID: PMC3964393 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), represents a group of chronic inflammatory disorders caused by dysregulated immune responses in genetically predisposed individuals. Genetic markers are associated with disease phenotype and long-term evolution, but their value in everyday clinical practice is limited at the moment. IBD has a clear immunological background and interleukins play key role in the process. Almost 130 original papers were revised including meta-analysis. It is clear these data are very important for understanding the base of the disease, especially in terms of clinical utility and validity, but text often do not available for the doctors use these in the clinical practice nowadays. We conducted a systematic review of the current literature on interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms associated with IBD, performing an electronic search of PubMed Database from publications of the last 10 years, and used the following medical subject heading terms and/or text words: IBD, CD, UC, interleukins and polymorphisms.
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32
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Shouval DS, Ouahed J, Biswas A, Goettel JA, Horwitz BH, Klein C, Muise AM, Snapper SB. Interleukin 10 receptor signaling: master regulator of intestinal mucosal homeostasis in mice and humans. Adv Immunol 2014; 122:177-210. [PMID: 24507158 PMCID: PMC4741283 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800267-4.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL10) is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine that can inhibit proinflammatory responses of both innate and adaptive immune cells. An association between IL10 and intestinal mucosal homeostasis became clear with the discovery that IL10 and IL10 receptor (IL10R)-deficient mice develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation. Similarly, patients with deleterious mutations in IL10, IL10RA, or IL10RB present with severe enterocolitis within the first months of life. Here, we review recent findings on how IL10- and IL10R-dependent signaling modulates innate and adaptive immune responses in the murine gastrointestinal tract, with implications of their role in the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, we discuss the impact of IL10 and IL10R signaling defects in humans and their relationship to very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror S Shouval
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jodie Ouahed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Cell Biology at University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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33
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van Lierop PPE, Swagemakers SM, de Bie CI, Middendorp S, van Baarlen P, Samsom JN, van IJcken WFJ, Escher JC, van der Spek PJ, Nieuwenhuis EES. Gene expression analysis of peripheral cells for subclassification of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in remission. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79549. [PMID: 24260248 PMCID: PMC3832619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In current clinical practice, optimal treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) aims at the induction and maintenance of clinical remission. Clinical remission is apparent when laboratory markers of inflammation are normal and clinical symptoms are absent. However, sub-clinical inflammation can still be present. A detailed analysis of the immune status during this inactive state of disease may provide a useful tool to categorize patients with clinical remission into subsets with variable states of immune activation. Design By using Affymetrix GeneChips, we analysed RNA gene expression profiles of peripheral blood leukocytes from pediatric IBD patients in clinical remission and controls. We performed (un)supervised clustering analysis of IBD-associated genes and applied Ingenuity® pathway software to identify specific molecular profiles between patients. Results Pediatric IBD patients with disease in clinical remission display heterogeneously distributed gene expression profiles that are significantly distinct from controls. We identified three clusters of IBD patients, each displaying specific expression profiles of IBD-associated genes. Conclusion The expression of immune- and IBD-associated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes from pediatric IBD patients in clinical remission was different from healthy controls, indicating that sub-clinical immune mechanisms are still active during remission. As such, RNA profiling of peripheral blood may allow for non-invasive patient subclassification and new perspectives in treatment regimes of IBD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter P. E. van Lierop
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid M. Swagemakers
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Centre, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte I. de Bie
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Middendorp
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johanna C. Escher
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edward E. S. Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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