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Gupta S, Sing JC, Röst HL. Achieving quantitative reproducibility in label-free multisite DIA experiments through multirun alignment. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1101. [PMID: 37903988 PMCID: PMC10616189 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DIA is a mainstream method for quantitative proteomics, but consistent quantification across multiple LC-MS/MS instruments remains a bottleneck in parallelizing data acquisition. One reason for this inconsistency and missing quantification is the retention time shift which current software does not adequately address for runs from multiple sites. We present multirun chromatogram alignment strategies to map peaks across columns, including the traditional reference-based Star method, and two novel approaches: MST and Progressive alignment. These reference-free strategies produce a quantitatively accurate data-matrix, even from heterogeneous multi-column studies. Progressive alignment also generates merged chromatograms from all runs which has not been previously achieved for LC-MS/MS data. First, we demonstrate the effectiveness of multirun alignment strategies on a gold-standard annotated dataset, resulting in a threefold reduction in quantitation error-rate compared to non-aligned DIA results. Subsequently, on a multi-species dataset that DIAlignR effectively controls the quantitative error rate, improves precision in protein measurements, and exhibits conservative peak alignment. We next show that the MST alignment reduces cross-site CV by 50% for highly abundant proteins when applied to a dataset from 11 different LC-MS/MS setups. Finally, the reanalysis of 949 plasma runs with multirun alignment revealed a more than 50% increase in insulin resistance (IR) and respiratory viral infection (RVI) proteins, identifying 11 and 13 proteins respectively, compared to prior analysis without it. The three strategies are implemented in our DIAlignR workflow (>2.3) and can be combined with linear, non-linear, or hybrid pairwise alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Gupta
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin C Sing
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hannes L Röst
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Nishikawa A, Senba H, Kimura Y, Yokota S, Doi M, Takenaka S. Isolation and characterization of a salt-tolerant γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from xerophilic Aspergillus sydowii. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:253. [PMID: 36060894 PMCID: PMC9433638 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerophilic Aspergillus molds isolated from halo-alkaliphilic and dry environments are attractive genetic resources for obtaining salt- and osmo-adaptive enzymes. A. sydowii MA0196 secreted the largest amount of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) during solid-state fermentation at a low initial water activity (a w = 0.85). Gel filtration analysis revealed that the molecular mass of the purified native enzyme (MA0196 GGT) was 120 kDa. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that MA0196 GGT consists of two subunits with molecular masses of 56.4 and 33 kDa, indicating production from a proenzyme via autoproteolysis. Deglycosylation of the subunits by N-glycosidase F yielded 40.9 and 19.6 kDa species. MA0196 GGT retained transpeptidase and hydrolysis activities and their catalytic efficiency (k cat/K m) under high salt and low water activity. The enzyme displayed broad substrate specificity toward γ-glutamyl acceptors such as amino acids and the imidazole dipeptides, carnosine and anserine. Carnosine and L-glutamine were converted into γ-glutamyl-β-alanyl-L-histidine by MA0196 GGT with a 32.9% yield in the presence of 2% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MA0196 GGT forms a distinct lineage from A. oryzae and A. sojae GGTs. These excellent properties indicate that MA0196 GGT can be used in salted fermentation and for producing bioactive peptides. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03259-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Nishikawa
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hironori Senba
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
- Gen Res Lab, Ozeki Corp, 4-9 Imazu, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8227 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kimura
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Satoko Yokota
- Marutomo Co., Ltd, 1696 Kominato, Iyo, Ehime 799-3192 Japan
| | - Mikiharu Doi
- Marutomo Co., Ltd, 1696 Kominato, Iyo, Ehime 799-3192 Japan
| | - Shinji Takenaka
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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Feehan J, de Courten M, Apostolopoulos V, de Courten B. Nutritional Interventions for COVID-19: A Role for Carnosine? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051463. [PMID: 33925783 PMCID: PMC8146193 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 continues to take an enormous toll on global health, the effort to find effective preventive and treatment strategies has been unparalleled in recent history [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Maximilian de Courten
- Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (B.d.C.)
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (B.d.C.)
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Jindal C, Kumar S, Sharma S, Choi YM, Efird JT. The Prevention and Management of COVID-19: Seeking a Practical and Timely Solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3986. [PMID: 32512826 PMCID: PMC7312104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We read with interest several manuscripts recently published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) on the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. While these articles provide a well-rounded overview on the risk and current status of this virus, we herein add some relevant information on its etiology, prevention and management, especially for resource-limited healthcare systems. The use of protective actions is both complex and expensive. Affordable options are essential to respond to this and future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charulata Jindal
- Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia;
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India;
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | | | - Jimmy T. Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center, Health Services Research and Development (DVAHCS/Duke Affiliated Center), Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Lee SF, Harris R, Stout-Delgado HW. Targeted antioxidants as therapeutics for treatment of pneumonia in the elderly. Transl Res 2020; 220:43-56. [PMID: 32268130 PMCID: PMC7989851 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Community acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in the United States. Along with predisposing comorbid health status, age is an independent risk factor for determining the outcome of pneumonia. Research over the last few decades has contributed to better understanding the underlying immunodysregulation and imbalanced redox homeostasis tied to this aged population group that increases susceptibility to a wide range of pathologies. Major approaches include targeting oxidative stress by reducing ROS generation at its main sources of production which includes the mitochondrion. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have a number of molecular strategies that include targeting the biophysical properties of mitochondria, mitochondrial localization of catalytic enzymes, and mitigating mitochondrial membrane potential. Results of several antioxidant studies both in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated promising potential as a therapeutic in the treatment of pneumonia in the elderly. More human studies will need to be conducted to evaluate its efficacy in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefi F Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Heather W Stout-Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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Chmielewska K, Dzierzbicka K, Inkielewicz-Stępniak I, Przybyłowska M. Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine and Its Derivatives in the Treatment of Human Diseases. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1561-1578. [PMID: 32202758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, their occurrence and mortality are still high around the world. The resistance of cancer cells to the drugs remains a significant problem in oncology today, while in the case of neuro-degenerative diseases, therapies reversing the process are still yet to be found. Furthermore, it is important to seek new chemotherapeutics reversing side effects of currently used drugs or helping them perform their function to inhibit progression of the disease. Carnosine, a dipeptide constisting of β-alanine and l-histidine, has a variety of functions to mention: antioxidant, antiglycation, and reducing the toxicity of metal ions. It has therefore been proposed to act as a therapeutic agent for many pathological states. The aim of this paper was to find if carnosine and its derivatives can be helpful in treating various diseases. Literature search presented in this review includes review and original papers found in SciFinder, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Searches were based on substantial keywords concerning therapeutic usage of carnosine and its derivatives in several diseases including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. In this paper, we review articles and find that carnosine and its derivatives are potential therapeutic agents in many diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and schizophrenia. Carnosine and its derivatives can be used in treating neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, or schizophrenia, although their usage is limited. Therefore, there's an urge to synthesize and analyze new substances, overcoming the limitation of carnosine itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Chmielewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stępniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Maja Przybyłowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
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Wu G. Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health. Amino Acids 2020; 52:329-360. [PMID: 32072297 PMCID: PMC7088015 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-L-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
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Rothan HA, Abdulrahman AY, Khazali AS, Nor Rashid N, Chong TT, Yusof R. Carnosine exhibits significant antiviral activity against Dengue and Zika virus. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3196. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hussin A. Rothan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and SciencesGeorgia State University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Ammar Yasir Abdulrahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Suhail Khazali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nurshamimi Nor Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Teoh Teow Chong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Sarenac Vulovic TS, Pavlovic SM, Jakovljevic VL, Janicijevic KB, Zdravkovic NS. Nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor alpha in the process of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1138-42. [PMID: 27588268 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.08.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish the role of nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG). METHODS Our study included 120 patients who were referred for cataract surgery. All patients were divided into four groups according to clinical findings: XFG, early and late pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS), and cataract (without pseudoexfoliation). Serum and aqueous humour levels of the ascorbic acid, NO and TNF-α were measured. The concentrations of the ascorbic acid and NO were measured by an appropriate spectrophotometric method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine TNF-α level. RESULTS Aqueous humour concentration of ascorbic acid was significantly lower in patients with late XFS (0.61±0.11 mmol/L) and XFG (0.48±0.15 mmol/L) compared to patients with early XFS (0.9±0.15 mmol/L) and cataract (1.16±0.22 mmol/L), while there was no difference in serum concentration in all examined groups. Aqueous humour concentration of NO was significantly higher in patients with XFG (77.7±11.4 µmol/L) compared to patients with early XFS (50.27±9.34 µmol/L) and cataract (49.77±7.1 µmol/L), while serum concentration was increased in the early stage of XFS (73.26±8.29 µmol/L). Aqueous humour level of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α was increased in patients with XFS (early 460.04±18.32 pg/mL; late 502.42±53.23 pg/mL) and XFG (510.34±43.07 pg/mL), while there was no difference in serum level in all examined groups of patients. CONCLUSION Reduced ascorbic acid and elevated NO and inflammation related cytokine TNF-α level in aqueous humour of the patients with developed XFG suggest that oxidative stress induces local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sladjana M Pavlovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Lj Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Katarina B Janicijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Nemanja S Zdravkovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
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Xu T, Wang C, Zhang R, Xu M, Liu B, Wei D, Wang G, Tian S. Carnosine markedly ameliorates H9N2 swine influenza virus-induced acute lung injury. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2939-2950. [PMID: 26233716 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress injury is an important pathogenesis of influenza virus in critically ill patients. The present study investigated the efficacy of carnosine, an antioxidant and free radical scavenger, on a model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by H9N2 swine influenza virus. Female specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice were randomized into four groups and treated as follows: (1) H9N2 group, (2) mock control group, (3) H9N2+carnosine group and (4) carnosine control group. The H9N2 group mice were inoculated intranasally with A/Swine/Hebei/012/2008/ (H9N2) virus (100 μl) in allantoic fluid (AF), whilst mock-infected animals were intranasally inoculated with non-infectious AF. Carnosine [10 mg (kg body mass)- 1] was administered orally (100 μl) for 7 days consecutively. The survival rate, lung water content, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, lung histopathology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 levels were determined at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 14 days after inoculation. Carnosine treatment effectively decreased the mortality (43 versus 75 %, P < 0.05), significantly ameliorated pathological lesions in lungs and decreased the lung wet/dry mass ratio (P < 0.05). It also inhibited MPO activity, suppressed TNF-α and IL-1β release, decreased the H9N2 viral titre, and markedly inhibited levels of TLR-4 mRNA and protein in the lungs of infected mice (P < 0.05), which supported the use of carnosine for managing severe influenza cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, Hebei, PR China
| | - Cunlian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, Hebei, PR China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, Hebei, PR China
| | - Mingju Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, Hebei, PR China
| | - Baojian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, Hebei, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, Hebei, PR China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, Hebei, PR China
| | - Shufei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075131, Hebei, PR China
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New Evidence Implicating 4-Hydroxynonenal in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis In Vivo. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2461-71. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Babizhayev MA, Vishnyakova KS, Yegorov YE. Hormone-brain-aging relationships, broadly reactive with imidazole-containing dipeptides: targeting of telomere attrition as an aging biomarker and dynamic telomerase activity flirting. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 26:115-40. [PMID: 25153587 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been documented that telomere-associated cellular senescence may contribute to certain age-related disorders, and telomere length (TL) may be an informative biomarker of healthy aging. Hormone-brain-aging behavior-modulated telomere dynamics and changes in telomerase activity are consistent elements of cellular alterations associated with changes in proliferative state, and these processes are consequently considered as the new therapeutic drug targets for physiological control with advanced drug delivery and nutritional formulations. We raise and support a therapeutic concept of using nonhydrolyzed forms of naturally occurring neuron-specific imidazole dipeptide-based compounds carnosine and carcinine, making it clinically possible that slowing down the rate of telomere shortening could slow down the human aging process in specific tissues where proliferative senescence is known to occur, with the demonstrated evidence of telomere shortening that appeared to be a hallmark of oxidative stress and disease. Carnosine released from skeletal muscle during exercise may be transported into the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) histamine neurons and hydrolyzed. The resulting L-histidine may subsequently be converted into histamine, which could be responsible for the effects of carnosine on neurotransmission and hormone-like antiaging physiological function. The preliminary longitudinal studies of elderly individuals suggest that longer telomeres are associated with better survival, and an advanced oral nutritional support with nonhydrolyzed carnosine (or carcinine and patented compositions thereof) is a useful therapeutic tool for a critical TL maintenance that may fundamentally be applied in the treatment of age-related sight-threatening eye disorders, prolonged life expectancy, increased survival and chronological age of an organism in health control, smoking behavior, and disease. "Our pleasures were simple-they included survival." -Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President of the United States, 1953-1961.
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Babizhayev MA. The detox strategy in smoking comprising nutraceutical formulas of non-hydrolyzed carnosine or carcinine used to protect human health. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 33:284-316. [PMID: 24220875 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113493306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increased oxidative stress in patients with smoking-associated disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is the result of an increased burden of inhaled oxidants as well as increased amounts of reactive oxygen species generated by various inflammatory, immune and epithelial cells of the airways. Nicotine sustains tobacco addiction, a major cause of disability and premature death. In addition to the neurochemical effects of nicotine, behavioural factors also affect the severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms. For some people, the feel, smell and sight of a cigarette and the ritual of obtaining, handling, lighting and smoking a cigarette are all associated with the pleasurable effects of smoking. For individuals who are motivated to quit smoking, a combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioural therapy has been shown to be most effective in controlling the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. In the previous studies, we proposed the viability and versatility of the imidazole-containing dipeptide-based compounds in the nutritional compositions as the telomere protection targeted therapeutic system for smokers in combination with in vitro cellular culture techniques being an investigative tool to study telomere attrition in cells induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and smoke constituents. Our working therapeutic concept is that imidazole-containing dipeptide-based compounds (non-hydrolyzed carnosine and carcinine) can modulate the telomerase activity in the normal cells and can provide the redox regulation of the cellular function under the terms of environmental and oxidative stress and in this way protect the length and the structure of telomeres from attrition. The detoxifying system of non-hydrolyzed carnosine or carcinine can be applied in the therapeutic nutrition formulations or installed in the cigarette filter. Patented specific oral formulations of non-hydrolyzed carnosine and carcinine provide a powerful manipulation tool for targeted therapeutic inhibition of cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation and protection from telomere attrition associated with smoking. It is demonstrated in this work that both non-hydrolyzed carnosine and carcinine are characterized by greater bioavailability than pure l-carnosine subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with carnosinase, and perform the detoxification of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds present in tobacco smoke. We argue that while an array of factors has shaped the history of the 'safer' cigarette, it is the current understanding of the industry's past deceptions and continuing avoidance of the moral implications of the sale of products that cause the enormous suffering and death of millions that makes reconsideration of 'safer' cigarettes challenging. In contrast to this, the data presented in the article show that recommended oral forms of non-hydrolyzed carnosine and carcinine protect against CS-induced disease and inflammation, and synergistic agents with the actions of imidazole-containing dipeptide compounds in developed formulations may have therapeutic utility in inflammatory lung diseases where CS plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Babizhayev
- 1Innovative Vision Products, Inc., County of New Castle, Delaware, USA
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012; 25:718-28. [PMID: 23147811 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e32835af239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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