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Miller-Rosales C, Lewis VA, Shortell SM, Rodriguez HP. Adoption of Patient Engagement Strategies by Physician Practices in the United States. Med Care 2022; 60:691-699. [PMID: 35833416 PMCID: PMC9378564 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient engagement strategies can equip patients with tools to navigate treatment decisions and improve patient-centered outcomes. Despite increased recognition about the importance of patient engagement, little is known about the extent of physician practice adoption of patient engagement strategies nationally. METHODS We analyzed data collected from the National Survey of Healthcare Organizations and Systems (NSHOS) on physician practice adoption of patient engagement strategies. Stratified-cluster sampling was used to select physician practices operating under different organizational structures. Multivariable linear regression models estimated the association of practice ownership, health information technology functionality, use of screening activities, patient responsiveness, chronic care management processes, and the adoption of patient engagement strategies, including shared decision-making, motivational interviewing, and shared medical appointments. All regression models controlled for participation in payment reforms, practice size, Medicaid revenue percentage, and geographic region. RESULTS We found modest and varied adoption of patient engagement strategies by practices of different ownership types, with health system-owned practices having the lowest adoption of ownership types. Practice capabilities, including chronic care management processes, routine screening of medical and social risks, and patient care dissemination strategies were associated with greater practice-level adoption of patient engagement strategies. CONCLUSIONS This national study is the first to characterize the adoption of patient engagement strategies by US physician practices. We found modest adoption of shared decision-making and motivational interviewing, and low adoption of shared medical appointments. Risk-based payment reform has the potential to motivate greater practice-level patient engagement, but the extent to which it occurs may depend on internal practice capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie A Lewis
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stephen M Shortell
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA
| | - Hector P Rodriguez
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA
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Schuttner L, Gunnink E, Sylling P, Taylor L, Fihn SD, Nelson K. Components of the Patient-Centered Medical Home Associated with Perceived Access to Primary Care. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:1736-1742. [PMID: 31993947 PMCID: PMC7280463 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following implementation of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), access to primary care improved. However, understanding of how this occurred is lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between organizational aspects of the PCMH model and access-related initiatives with patient perception of access to urgent, same-day, and routine care within the VA. DESIGN Cross-sectional PARTICIPANTS: Veterans who responded to the annual Survey of Healthcare Experiences of Patients in 2016 (N = 241,122 patients) and primary staff who responded to VA National Primary Care Provider and Staff Survey (N = 4815 staff). MAIN MEASURES Three outcomes of perception of access: percentage of patients responding in the highest category for same-day care (waiting ≤ 1 day), urgent care (always receiving care when needed), and routine care (always receiving checkups when desired). Predictors were staff-level report of access-related initiatives and organizational factors in the clinic. We used generalized estimating equations to model associations, adjusting for characteristics of patients and their respective clinics. KEY RESULTS Access was significantly better in clinics where staff reviewed performance reports (+ 0.9% in the highest perception of access for urgent care, P < 0.01; + 1.2% for routine care, P < 0.001), leadership was supportive of the PCMH (+ 1.6% for urgent care, P < 0.01), and initiatives to improve access included open access (+ 0.8% to + 1.7% across all outcomes, P < 0.01) and telehealth visits (+ 1.2% to + 1.4%, P < 0.001). Perceived access was worse in clinics with moderate staff burnout (- 1.1% to - 1.4%, P < 0.001), primary care provider turnover during the past year (- 1.0% to - 1.6%, P < 0.001), or medical support assistant turnover in the past year (- 0.9% to - 1.4%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Perception of access was strongly associated with identifiable organizational factors and access-related initiatives within VA primary care clinics that could be adopted by other health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnaea Schuttner
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System Health Services Research & Development, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Eric Gunnink
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System Health Services Research & Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip Sylling
- King County Department of Community and Human Services, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leslie Taylor
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System Health Services Research & Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephan D Fihn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karin Nelson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System Health Services Research & Development, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kandel ZK, Rittenhouse DR, Bibi S, Fraze TK, Shortell SM, Rodríguez HP. The CMS State Innovation Models Initiative and Improved Health Information Technology and Care Management Capabilities of Physician Practices. Med Care Res Rev 2020; 78:350-360. [PMID: 31967494 DOI: 10.1177/1077558719901217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) State Innovation Models (SIMs) initiative funded 17 states to implement health care payment and delivery system reforms to improve health system performance. Whether SIM improved health information technology (HIT) and care management capabilities of physician practices, however, remains unclear. National surveys of physician practices (N = 2,722) from 2012 to 2013 and 2017 to 2018 were linked. Multivariable regression estimated differential adoption of 10 HIT functions and chronic care management processes (CMPs) based on SIM award status (SIM Round 1, SIM Round 2, or non-SIM). HIT and CMP capabilities improved equally for practices in SIM Round 1 (5.3 vs. 6.8 capabilities, p < .001), SIM Round 2 (4.7 vs. 7.0 capabilities, p < .001), and non-SIM (4.2 vs. 6.3 capabilities, p < .001) states. The CMS SIM Initiative did not accelerate the adoption of ten foundational physician practice capabilities beyond national trends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane R Rittenhouse
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salma Bibi
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Abstract
In the face of growing competition, traditional practices have begun trying to guarantee same-day appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Huff
- Charlotte Huff ( ) is a health and business journalist based in Fort Worth, Texas
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Dupre ME, Xu H, Granger BB, Lynch SM, Nelson A, Churchill E, Willis JM, Curtis LH, Peterson ED. Access to routine care and risks for 30-day readmission in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 2018; 196:9-17. [PMID: 29421019 PMCID: PMC5919257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that access to routine medical care is associated with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic diseases. However, studies have not examined whether patient-reported difficulties in access to care are associated with rehospitalization in patients with cardiovascular disease. METHODS Electronic medical records and a standardized survey were used to examine cardiovascular patients admitted to a large medical center from January 1, 2015 through January 10, 2017 (n=520). All-cause readmission within 30 days of discharge was the primary outcome for analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between access to care and 30-day readmission while adjusting for patient demographics, socioeconomic status, healthcare utilization, and health status. RESULTS Nearly 1-in-6 patients (15.7%) reported difficulty in accessing routine medical care; and those who were younger, male, non-white, uninsured, with heart failure, and had low social support were significantly more likely to report difficulty. Patients who reported difficulty in accessing care had significantly higher rates of 30-day readmission than patients who did not report difficulty (33.3% vs. 17.9%; P=.001); and the risks remained largely unchanged after accounting for nearly two dozen covariates (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]=2.29; 95% CI, 1.46-3.60 vs. adjusted OR=2.17; 95% CI, 1.29-3.66). Risks for readmission were especially high for patients who reported issues with transportation (OR=3.24; 95% CI, 1.28-8.16) and scheduling appointments (OR=3.56; 95% CI, 1.43-8.84), but not for other reasons (OR=1.47; 95% CI, 0.61-3.54). CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular patients who reported difficulty in accessing routine care had substantial risks of readmission within 30 days after discharge. These findings have important implications for identifying high-risk patients and developing interventions to improve access to routine medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Dupre
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC.
| | - Hanzhang Xu
- Duke School of Nursing, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Bradi B Granger
- Duke School of Nursing, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Scott M Lynch
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Alicia Nelson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Erik Churchill
- Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Janese M Willis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Lesley H Curtis
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Eric D Peterson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Khanna N, Shaya FT, Gaitonde P, Abiamiri A, Steffen B, Sharp D. Evaluation of PCMH Model Adoption on Teamwork and Impact on Patient Access and Safety. J Prim Care Community Health 2016; 8:77-82. [PMID: 27838621 PMCID: PMC5932663 DOI: 10.1177/2150131916678496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Each of the participating patient-centered medical home (PCMH) received coaching and participated in learning collaborative for improving teamwork. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of trainings on patient-centered teamwork. Methods: The Teamwork Perception Questionnaire (TPQ) was administered once in spring 2014 and then in fall 2015. The TPQ consists of 35 questions across 5 domains: mutual support, situation monitoring, communication, team structure, and leadership. Based on our objective we compared the frequencies of strongly agree/agree by domain. The difference was tested using chi-square test. We compared the scores on each domain (strongly agree/agree = 1; maximum score = 7) via Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: The response rate for this survey was n = 29 (80.6%) in spring 2014, and n = 31 (86.1%) in fall 2015. We found that the practice members significantly (P < .05) strongly agreed/agreed more in fall 2015 than spring 2014 for characteristics—“staff relay relevant information in a timely manner” (64.5% vs 83.9%) and “staff follow a standardized method of sharing information when handing off patients” (67.7% vs 90.3%) under communication domain and for characteristic—“staff within my practice share information that enables timely decision making” (74.2% vs 90.3%). However, there was no statistical significant difference observed in the scores for the overall TPQ at the 2 time points. Conclusion: Despite the statistical insignificance, the observations in PCMHs across the spectrum of practices participating in the Maryland Multi-Payer Program demonstrated enhanced teamwork specifically in communication and in leadership. This we believe will continue to result in enhanced patient access to care and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Khanna
- 1 University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fadia T Shaya
- 2 University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Ben Steffen
- 4 Maryland Health Care Commission, DHMH Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Sharp
- 4 Maryland Health Care Commission, DHMH Baltimore, MD, USA
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