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Castedo de Martell S, Wilkerson JM, Howell J, Brown HS, Ranjit N, Holleran Steiker L, McCurdy SA. The peer to career pipeline: An observational study of peer worker trainee characteristics and training completion likelihood. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 159:209287. [PMID: 38160878 PMCID: PMC10947928 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peer recovery support services (PRSS) for substance use disorder (SUD) are a flexible and evidence-based intervention employed across multiple settings and for a variety of populations. These services have expanded over the past two decades, but there is little research on recruitment and training of prospective peer workers - the peer to career pipeline. This study observed training outcomes for applicants to a peer worker scholarship program in Texas. METHODS A total of 448 participants provided baseline personal history information, and a subset of participants (n = 239) completed optional psychosocial surveys. Logistic regression analysis tested associations of personal history and psychosocial variables with three training stage completion outcomes: classroom training completion, placement at an internship site, and full certification. RESULTS The greatest decline in advancement between stages occurred in the transition between classroom training (78.1 % of participants completed) and internship placement (43.3 % of participants completed). Participants were diverse in terms of race/ethnicity and life experiences salient to the peer worker role, but Hispanic/Latinx peer workers were under-represented. Past work with a SUD peer worker, age, and having a bachelor's degree were each positively associated with training stage completion across multiple models, while having basic technological access, being a woman, and veteran status were each positively associated with training stage completion in only one model. Years since recovery initiation date, non-monosexual orientation, White race, and quality of life were each negatively associated with training stage completion in only one model. CONCLUSIONS The existing peer workforce may be a key source of recruitment for new peer workers; thus retention of existing workers is key to ensuring continued expansion of these services. Additional support may be required to recruit and retain younger peer worker trainees, men trainees, Hispanic/Latinx trainees, trainees who lack basic technological access, or trainees without bachelor's degrees. Unanswered questions about the peer workforce remain and must be addressed to ensure that an appropriately diverse workforce is recruited, that disparities in training outcomes are minimized or prevented, and that existing peer workers are well-supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Castedo de Martell
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin, Suite 1880, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Chestnut Health Systems, 1003 Martin Luther King Jr. Dr., Bloomington, IL 61701, USA.
| | - J Michael Wilkerson
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin, Suite 1880, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - H Shelton Brown
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin, Suite 1880, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin, Suite 1880, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lori Holleran Steiker
- The University of Texas at Austin, Steve Hicks School of Social Work and School of Undergraduate Studies, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, TX 78705, USA.
| | - Sheryl A McCurdy
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin, Suite 1880, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Johnson EM, Possemato K, Chinman M, True G, Hedges J, Hampton BN, Edelman EJ, Maisto SA. Integrating stakeholder feedback into the design of a peer-delivered primary care wellness program: A rapid qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1370. [PMID: 38062433 PMCID: PMC10701982 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals seen in Primary Care with behavioral health concerns who decline behavioral health treatment may benefit from the support of peers (consumers in recovery from behavioral health concerns employed to support other consumers). Whole Health STEPS is a new intervention for Veterans in Primary Care with behavioral health concerns which combines essential elements of peers' role and the Whole Health model using a stepped-care design. We incorporated stakeholder feedback in the Whole Health STEPS design to improve fit with Veterans, peers, and primary care settings. METHODS We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with VA staff using questions derived from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Participants were recruited via a maximum variation strategy across a national sample and interviewed between January 2021-April 2021. The analytic design was a rapid qualitative analysis. Interviews addressed design decisions and potential barriers and facilitators to future implementation. Then, we made adaptations to Whole Health STEPS and catalogued changes using the Framework for Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced (FRAME). A VA peer conducted the interviews, participated in analyses, assisted with design modifications, and co-wrote this paper. RESULTS Sixteen staff members from 9 VA primary care peer programs participated (8 peers and 8 supervisors/administrators). Feedback themes included: capitalizing on peer skills (e.g., navigation), ensuring patient-centered and flexible design, and making it easy and efficient (e.g., reducing session length). Understanding the structure of primary care peers' roles and their interactions with other programs helped us identify role conflicts (e.g., overlap with Whole Health Coaches and Health Behavior Coordinators), which led to design modifications to carve out a unique role for Whole Health STEPS. Staff also made recommendations about marketing materials and training tools to support Whole Health STEPS roll out. CONCLUSIONS Feedback from frontline staff, including peers, in the design process was crucial to identifying essential modifications that would not have been possible after initial trials without re-evaluating efficacy due to the extent of the changes. Whole Health STEPS was adapted to fit within a range of program structures, emphasize peers' unique contributions, and streamline delivery. Lessons learned can be applied to other interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Johnson
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave. (116C), Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Kyle Possemato
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave. (116C), Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Matthew Chinman
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gala True
- South Central Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jacob Hedges
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave. (116C), Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Brittany N Hampton
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave. (116C), Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen A Maisto
- VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Ave. (116C), Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Videka L, Page C, Buche J, Neale J, Evans E, Beck AJ, Grazier KL, Railey JA, Gaiser M. Peer Support Services in Behavioral Health Facilities: Secondary Analysis From Two National Surveys. Psychiatr Serv 2023; 74:1247-1255. [PMID: 37254506 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peer support providers are part of the behavioral health workforce. Research indicates that peer support helps care recipients achieve recovery and engage with behavioral health services. This article investigated how many U.S. behavioral health facilities offer peer support services and compared the frequencies of peer support services in facilities providing mental health and substance use services. METHODS The authors conducted a secondary analysis of facilities in the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's National Mental Health Services Survey (N=11,582) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N=13,585), including descriptive and comparative analyses on reported mental health and substance use treatment services in the 50 U.S. states in 2017. RESULTS The findings revealed state-to-state variation in the number and availability of mental health and substance use service facilities and in facilities that reported providing peer support services. Facilities providing substance use treatment services offered peer support services at more than twice the rate (56.6%) found in mental health facilities (24.7%). The authors also identified program characteristics associated with the inclusion of peer support services in behavioral health. Provision of peer support services was more frequently reported by public facilities than by for-profit and nonprofit facilities. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral health facilities that serve individuals with serious mental illness and co-occurring substance use and mental health conditions reported offering peer support at a higher rate than did other facilities. Inconsistent definitions of peer support in the two surveys limited the comparability of the findings between the two reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Videka
- School of Social Work (Videka, Evans) and Michigan Medicine (Neale), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Behavioral Workforce Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Page, Buche, Beck, Grazier); New York Harbor Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, New York City (Railey); Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Gaiser)
| | - Cory Page
- School of Social Work (Videka, Evans) and Michigan Medicine (Neale), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Behavioral Workforce Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Page, Buche, Beck, Grazier); New York Harbor Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, New York City (Railey); Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Gaiser)
| | - Jessica Buche
- School of Social Work (Videka, Evans) and Michigan Medicine (Neale), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Behavioral Workforce Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Page, Buche, Beck, Grazier); New York Harbor Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, New York City (Railey); Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Gaiser)
| | - Jodi Neale
- School of Social Work (Videka, Evans) and Michigan Medicine (Neale), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Behavioral Workforce Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Page, Buche, Beck, Grazier); New York Harbor Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, New York City (Railey); Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Gaiser)
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- School of Social Work (Videka, Evans) and Michigan Medicine (Neale), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Behavioral Workforce Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Page, Buche, Beck, Grazier); New York Harbor Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, New York City (Railey); Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Gaiser)
| | - Angela J Beck
- School of Social Work (Videka, Evans) and Michigan Medicine (Neale), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Behavioral Workforce Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Page, Buche, Beck, Grazier); New York Harbor Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, New York City (Railey); Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Gaiser)
| | - Kyle L Grazier
- School of Social Work (Videka, Evans) and Michigan Medicine (Neale), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Behavioral Workforce Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Page, Buche, Beck, Grazier); New York Harbor Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, New York City (Railey); Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Gaiser)
| | - James A Railey
- School of Social Work (Videka, Evans) and Michigan Medicine (Neale), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Behavioral Workforce Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Page, Buche, Beck, Grazier); New York Harbor Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, New York City (Railey); Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Gaiser)
| | - Maria Gaiser
- School of Social Work (Videka, Evans) and Michigan Medicine (Neale), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Behavioral Workforce Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Page, Buche, Beck, Grazier); New York Harbor Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, New York City (Railey); Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Gaiser)
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Mercier JM, Hosseiny F, Rodrigues S, Friio A, Brémault-Phillips S, Shields DM, Dupuis G. Peer Support Activities for Veterans, Serving Members, and Their Families: Results of a Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3628. [PMID: 36834328 PMCID: PMC9964749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For many, including military veterans and their families, support between individuals with shared lived experiences, or peer support, has long been utilized as a way to support each other through many different challenges. Building on other reviews and guided by the seven domains of well-being in the Canadian veteran well-being framework, the objective of this paper is to describe and catalogue the nature of peer support activities and related outcomes in the veteran, serving member, and family member populations. A scoping review following the five stages outlined by Arksey and O'Malley was conducted; it was guided by the question: What is currently known about peer support activities for veterans, serving members, and their families that has been evaluated in the literature? In total, 101 publications from 6 different countries were included in this review and catalogued based on publication characteristics, participant information, peer support activity information, and peer information. Peer support activities have the potential to positively influence the well-being of veterans, serving members, and their families on a holistic level across multiple domains. This scoping review highlights the existing gaps in the literature and provides an important foundation for future research on peer support for these populations, specifically in the Canadian context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fardous Hosseiny
- Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Sara Rodrigues
- Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Anthony Friio
- National Police Federation, Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1, Canada
| | - Suzette Brémault-Phillips
- Heroes in Mind Advocacy and Research Consortium, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Duncan M. Shields
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Dupuis
- Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
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