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Yu S, Peng W, Zhang H, Li C, Chen X, Wei M, Yan W. The association between maternal and foetal REN gene polymorphisms and preeclampsia/eclampsia: A hybrid design study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 18:150-155. [PMID: 31622820 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preeclampsia (PE)/eclampsia (E) is an important cause of foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, and its aetiology is poorly understood. Good evidence suggests that renin (REN) might be associated with PE/E. The risk of PE/E is determined by both maternal and foetal genes, but most previous studies have focused on maternal contributions. This study aimed to explore the association of maternal and foetal REN polymorphisms with PE/E in pregnant Han Chinese women. METHODS A case-parents/mother-control study including 347 PE/E patients with their partners and offspring and 700 control mothers with their offspring was conducted. A log-linear model was used to investigate the association between maternal and foetal REN SNPs and PE/E simultaneously, as well as the interaction of REN SNPs and environmental factors on PE/E. RESULTS The foetal REN rs5707 AC genotype in combination with a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of PE/E, with an OR of 2.75 (95%CI = 1.50-5.06). Maternal and foetal rs5707 were significantly associated with an increased risk of PE/E under the recessive model (AA + AC/CC). In haplotype analyses, foetal CCT (in the order of rs2368564, rs5707, rs5705) and TAT genotypes were positively associated with the risk of PE/E. There was no significant association between maternal and foetal REN SNP genotypes and PE/E in the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and log-linear model analysis. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study indicate that foetal rs5707 polymorphisms may play a significant role in PE/E development, especially among overweight or obese pregnant women in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShaoJing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - WeiJun Peng
- Department of Infection Management, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - ChenYang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - XianZhen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - MuHong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - WeiRong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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The role of 20-HETE in cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:108-17. [PMID: 27287720 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized in mammals by enzymes of the CYP4A and 4F families to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20-HETE) which plays an important role in the regulation of renal function, vascular tone and arterial pressure. In the vasculature, 20-HETE is a potent vasoconstrictor, the up-regulation of which contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance in models of obesity, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and vascular oxidative stress. Recent studies have established a role for 20-HETE in normal and pathological angiogenic conditions. We discuss in this review the synthesis of 20-HETE and how it and various autacoids, especially the renin-angiotensin system, interact to promote hypertension, vasoconstriction, and vascular dysfunction. In addition, we examine the molecular mechanisms through which 20-HETE induces these actions and the clinical implication of inhibiting 20-HETE production and activity.
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Hoopes SL, Garcia V, Edin ML, Schwartzman ML, Zeldin DC. Vascular actions of 20-HETE. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:9-16. [PMID: 25813407 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that exhibits a myriad of biological effects in the vascular system. This review discusses the current knowledge related to the effects of 20-HETE on vascular reactivity, activation, and remodeling, as well as its role in vascular inflammation and angiogenesis. The information explaining how 20-HETE and the renin-angiotensin system interact to promote hypertension, vasoconstriction, and vascular dysfunction is summarized in this article. 20-HETE enhances vascular inflammation and injury in models of diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion, and cerebrovascular oxidative stress. Recent studies also established a role for 20-HETE in normal and pathological angiogenesis conditions. This review will also discuss the molecular mechanisms through which 20-HETE induces these vascular actions. Potential additional studies are suggested to address shortcomings in the current knowledge of 20-HETE in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hoopes
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Garcia V, Cheng J, Weidenhammer A, Ding Y, Wu CC, Zhang F, Gotlinger K, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML. Androgen-induced hypertension in angiotensinogen deficient mice: role of 20-HETE and EETS. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 116-117:124-30. [PMID: 25526688 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
20-HETE is a potent inducer of endothelial ACE in vitro and administration of lisinopril or losartan attenuates blood pressure in models of 20-HETE-dependent hypertension. The present study was undertaken to further define the relationship between 20-HETE and the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension using an angiotensinogen-deficient mouse (Agt+/-). Treatment of male AGT+/- with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased systolic BP from 102±2 to 125±3mmHg; in comparison, the same treatment raised BP in wild type (WT) from 110±2 to 138±2mmHg. DHT increased vascular 20-HETE levels in AGT+/- and WT from 1.5±0.7 and 2.1±0.6 to 13.0±2.0 and 15.8±4.0ng/mg, respectively. Concurrent treatment with the 20-HETE antagonist, 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid (20-HEDE) prevented the increases in BP in both AGT+/- and WT mice. Administration of 20-HEDE at the peak of the DHT-induced BP increase (12 days) reduced BP to basal levels after 48h. Interestingly, basal levels of renal microvascular EETs were higher in AGT+/- compared to WT (55.2±9.7 vs 20.0±4.1ng/mg) and treatment of AGT+/- with DHT decreased the levels of EETs (28.4±5.1ng/mg). DHT-mediated changes in vascular EET level were not observed in WT mice. Vascular Cyp4a12 and ACE protein levels were increased in both AGT+/- and WT by 30-40% and decreased with concomitant administration of 20-HEDE. Lisinopril was as effective as 20-HEDE in preventing DHT-mediated increases in BP in both AGT+/- and WT mice. This study substantiates our previous findings that the RAS plays an important role in 20-HETE-mediated hypertension. It also proposes a novel interaction between 20-HETE and EETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.
| | - Jennifer Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Adam Weidenhammer
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Cheng-Chia Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Gotlinger
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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Abstract
20-Hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived omega-hydroxylation metabolite of arachidonic acid. 20-HETE has been shown to play a complex role in blood pressure regulation. In the kidney tubules, 20-HETE inhibits sodium reabsorption and promotes natriuresis, thus, contributing to antihypertensive mechanisms. In contrast, in the microvasculature, 20-HETE has been shown to play a pressor role by sensitizing smooth muscle cells to constrictor stimuli and increasing myogenic tone, and by acting on the endothelium to further promote endothelial dysfunction and endothelial activation. In addition, 20-HETE induces endothelial angiotensin-converting enzyme, thus, setting forth a potential feed forward prohypertensive mechanism by stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. With the advancement of gene sequencing technology, numerous polymorphisms in the regulatory coding and noncoding regions of 20-HETE-producing enzymes, CYP4A11 and CYP4F2, have been associated with hypertension. This in-depth review article discusses the biosynthesis and function of 20-HETE in the cardiovascular system, the pharmacological agents that affect 20-HETE action, and polymorphisms of CYP enzymes that produce 20-HETE and are associated with systemic hypertension in humans.
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Abstract
An essential link between the kidney and blood pressure control has long been known. Here, we review evidence supporting the premise that an impaired capacity of the kidney to excrete sodium in response to elevated blood pressure is a major contributor to hypertension, irrespective of the initiating cause. In this regard, recent work suggests that novel pathways controlling key sodium transporters in kidney epithelia have a critical impact on hypertension pathogenesis, supporting a model in which impaired renal sodium excretion is a final common pathway through which vascular, neural, and inflammatory responses raise blood pressure. We also address recent findings calling into question long-standing notions regarding the relationship between sodium intake and changes in body fluid volume. Expanded understanding of the role of the kidney as both a cause and target of hypertension highlights key aspects of pathophysiology and may lead to identification of new strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Ellis B, Li XC, Miguel-Qin E, Gu V, Zhuo JL. Evidence for a functional intracellular angiotensin system in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 302:R494-509. [PMID: 22170616 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00487.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ANG II is the most potent and important member of the classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ANG II, once considered to be an endocrine hormone, is now increasingly recognized to also play novel and important paracrine (cell-to-cell) and intracrine (intracellular) roles in cardiovascular and renal physiology and blood pressure regulation. Although an intracrine role of ANG II remains an issue of continuous debates and requires further confirmation, a great deal of research has recently been devoted to uncover the novel actions and elucidate underlying signaling mechanisms of the so-called intracellular ANG II in cardiovascular, neural, and renal systems. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the intracellular actions of ANG II, either administered directly into the cells or expressed as an intracellularly functional fusion protein, and its effects throughout a variety of target tissues susceptible to the impacts of an overactive ANG II, with a particular focus on the proximal tubules of the kidney. While continuously reaffirming the roles of extracellular or circulating ANG II in the proximal tubules, our review will focus on recent evidence obtained for the novel biological roles of intracellular ANG II in cultured proximal tubule cells in vitro and the potential physiological roles of intracellular ANG II in the regulation of proximal tubular reabsorption and blood pressure in rats and mice. It is our hope that the new knowledge on the roles of intracellular ANG II in proximal tubules will serve as a catalyst to stimulate further studies and debates in the field and to help us better understand how extracellular and intracellular ANG II acts independently or interacts with each other, to regulate proximal tubular transport and blood pressure in both physiological and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne Ellis
- Laboratoory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA
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O'Seaghdha CM, Fox CS. Genome-wide association studies of chronic kidney disease: what have we learned? Nat Rev Nephrol 2011; 8:89-99. [PMID: 22143329 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2011.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The past 3 years have witnessed a dramatic expansion in our knowledge of the genetic determinants of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, heritability estimates of eGFR indicate that we have only identified a small proportion of the total heritable contribution to the phenotypic variation. The majority of associations reported from genome-wide association studies identify genomic regions of interest and further work will be required to identify the causal variants responsible for a specific phenotype. Progress in this area is likely to stem from the identification of novel risk genotypes, which will offer insight into the pathogenesis of disease and potential novel therapeutic targets. Follow-up studies stimulated by findings from genome-wide association studies of kidney disease are already yielding promising results, such as the identification of an association between urinary uromodulin levels and incident CKD. Although this work is at an early stage, prospects for progress in our understanding of CKD and its treatment look more promising now than at any point in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conall M O'Seaghdha
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and the Center for Population Studies, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
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Wu CC, Schwartzman ML. The role of 20-HETE in androgen-mediated hypertension. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 96:45-53. [PMID: 21722750 PMCID: PMC3248593 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Androgen plays an important role in blood pressure regulation. Epidemiological studies have shown that men have a higher prevalence for developing hypertension than aged-matched, premenopausal women. Interestingly, postmenopausal women and women with polycystic ovary syndrome, both of which have increased endogenous androgen production, have elevated risks for hypertension suggesting that androgen may contribute to its development. Studies from our laboratory and others have provided substantial evidence that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) mediates the hypertension seen in rodents treated with androgen. 20-HETE is the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived ω-hydroxylated metabolite of arachidonic acid. 20-HETE plays a complex role in blood pressure regulation. In the kidney tubules, 20-HETE decreases blood pressure by promoting natriuresis, while in the microvasculature it has a pressor effect. In the microcirculation, 20-HETE participates in the regulation of vascular tone by sensitizing the smooth muscle cells to constrictor stimuli and contributes to myogenic, mitogenic and angiogenic responses. In addition, 20-HETE acts on the endothelium to promote endothelial dysfunction and endothelial activation. Recently, we have demonstrated that 20-HETE induces endothelial ACE thus setting forth a potential feed forward mechanism through activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In this review, we will discuss the pro-hypertensive effects of 20-HETE and its role in androgen-induced vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chia Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. chengchia
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10
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Lee CT, Lee YT, Ng HY, Chiou TTY, Cheng CI, Kuo CC, Wu CH, Chi PJ, Lee WC. Lack of modulatory effect of simvastatin on indoxyl sulfate-induced activation of cultured endothelial cells. Life Sci 2011; 90:47-53. [PMID: 22056374 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial dysfunction is a common manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The protein-bound uremic toxins have emerged as important factors associated with cardiovascular disease and the outcome of CKD. The effect of indoxyl sulfate (IS) on endothelial cells remains unclear. MAIN METHODS Human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated using IS at two concentrations: 100 μM and 1000 μM over two periods of time: 16 and 48 h. HUVEC were also pre-treated with simvastatin to examine its effect. RT-PCR was used to assess changes in the gene expression of intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), E-selectin, and angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R). Protein abundance of the investigated molecules was assessed by immunoblotting. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with 100 μM IS for 16 h induced a 2-fold increase in the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MCP-1. At a concentration of 1000 μM, there was a 2-3-fold increase. An extended treatment period at low concentrations was associated with a 2-3 fold increase and the increase of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was more prominent under high concentration. Results of immunoblotting confirmed an increase in the abundance of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1. No significant change was noted in E-selectin and AT1R according to concentration or treatment duration. Pre-treatment with simvastatin did not alter IS-induced changes. SIGNIFICANCE IS increased the expression of adhesion molecules of endothelial cells exhibiting a concentration and duration dependent pattern. Simvastatin did not demonstrate any effect on IS-associated endothelial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Does the Aminopeptidase A Have Prognostic and Diagnostic Value in Chagas Disease and Other Dilated Cardiomyopathies? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 58:374-9. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182259afd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Pohl M, Kaminski H, Castrop H, Bader M, Himmerkus N, Bleich M, Bachmann S, Theilig F. Intrarenal renin angiotensin system revisited: role of megalin-dependent endocytosis along the proximal nephron. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41935-46. [PMID: 20966072 PMCID: PMC3009920 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.150284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a local renin angiotensin system (RAS) of the kidney has been established. Angiotensinogen (AGT), renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin receptors, and high concentrations of luminal angiotensin II have been found in the proximal tubule. Although functional data have documented the relevance of a local RAS, the dualism between biosynthesis and endocytotic uptake of its components and their cellular processing has been incompletely understood. To resolve this, we have selectively analyzed their distribution, endocytosis, transcytosis, and biosynthesis in the proximal tubule. The presence of immunoreactive AGT, restricted to the early proximal tubule, was due to its retrieval from the ultrafiltrate and storage in endosomal and lysosomal compartments. Cellular uptake was demonstrated by autoradiography of radiolabeled AGT and depended on intact endocytosis. AGT was identified as a ligand of the multiple ligand-binding repeats of megalin. AGT biosynthesis was restricted to the proximal straight tubule, revealing substantial AGT mRNA expression. Transgenic AGT overexpression under the control of an endogenous promoter was also restricted to the late proximal tubule. Proximal handling of renin largely followed the patterns of AGT, whereas its local biosynthesis was not significant. Transcytotic transport of AGT in a proximal cell line revealed a 5% recovery rate after 1 h. ACE was expressed along late proximal brush-border membrane, whereas ACE2 was present along the entire segment. Surface expression of ACE and ACE2 differed as a function of endocytosis. Our data on the localization and cellular processing of RAS components provide new aspects of the functional concept of a "self-contained" renal RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Pohl
- From the Institute of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henriette Kaminski
- From the Institute of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hayo Castrop
- the Institute of Physiology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany, and
| | | | | | - Sebastian Bachmann
- From the Institute of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Theilig
- From the Institute of Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Vefring HK, Wee L, Jugessur A, Gjessing HK, Nilsen ST, Lie RT. Maternal angiotensinogen (AGT) haplotypes, fetal renin (REN) haplotypes and risk of preeclampsia; estimation of gene-gene interaction from family-triad data. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:90. [PMID: 20537141 PMCID: PMC2901215 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia is a debilitating disorder affecting approximately 3% of pregnant women in the Western world. Although inconclusive, current evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in hypertension. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether the genes for placental renin (REN) and maternal angiotensinogen (AGT) interact to influence the risk of preeclampsia. Methods Three haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) covering REN (rs5705, rs1464818, and rs3795575) and another three covering AGT (rs2148582, rs2478545 and rs943580) were genotyped in 99 mother-father-child triads of preeclampsia pregnancies. We estimated relative risks (RR) conferred by maternal AGT and fetal REN haplotypes using HAPLIN, a statistical software designed to detect multi-marker transmission distortion among triads. To assess a combined effect of maternal AGT and fetal REN haplotypes, the preeclamptic triads were first stratified by presence/absence of maternal AGT haplotype C-T-A and tested for an effect of fetal REN across these strata. Results We found evidence that mothers carrying the most frequent AGT haplotype, C-T-A, had a reduced risk of preeclampsia (RR of 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-0.8 for heterozygotes and 0.6, 95% CI = 0.2-1.5 for homozygotes). Mothers homozygous for AGT haplotypes t-c-g and C-c-g appeared to have a higher risk, but only the former was statistically significant. We found only weak evidence of an overall effect of fetal REN haplotypes and no support for our hypothesis that an effect of REN depended on whether the mother carried the C-T-A haplotype of AGT (p = 0.33). Conclusion Our findings indicate that the mother's AGT haplotypes affect her risk for developing preeclampsia. However, this risk is not influenced by fetal REN haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege K Vefring
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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Daugherty A, Poduri A, Chen X, Lu H, Cassis LA. Genetic variants of the Renin Angiotensin system: effects on atherosclerosis in experimental models and humans. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010; 12:167-73. [PMID: 20425255 PMCID: PMC2857789 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-010-0109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has profound effects on atherosclerosis development in animal models, which is partially complimented by evidence in the human disease. Although angiotensin II was considered to be the principal effector of the RAS, a broader array of bioactive angiotensin peptides have been identified that have increased the scope of enzymes and receptors in the RAS. Genetic interruption of the synthesis of these peptides has not been extensively performed in experimental or human studies. A few studies demonstrate that interruption of a component of the angiotensin peptide synthesis pathway reduces experimental lesion formation. The evidence in human studies has not been consistent. Conversely, genetic manipulation of the RAS receptors has demonstrated that AT1a receptors are profoundly involved in experimental atherosclerosis. Few studies have reported links of genetic variants of angiotensin II receptors to human atherosclerotic diseases. Further genetic studies are needed to define the role of RAS in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, BBSRB, Room B-243, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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Wang Y, Moreira MDCV, Heringer-Walther S, Ebermann L, Schultheiss HP, Wessel N, Siems WE, Walther T. Plasma ACE2 Activity is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Chagas' Disease and Equally Potent as BNP. J Card Fail 2010; 16:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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