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Hong OK, Yoo SJ, Son JW, Kim MK, Baek KH, Song KH, Cha BY, Jo H, Kwon HS. High glucose and palmitate increases bone morphogenic protein 4 expression in human endothelial cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:169-75. [PMID: 26937213 PMCID: PMC4770107 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia and/or free fatty acids (palmitate, PAL) aff ect the expression level of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a proatherogenic marker, in endothelial cells and the potential role of BMP4 in diabetic vascular complications. To measure BMP4 expression, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose concentrations and/or PAL for 24 or 72 h, and the effects of these treatments on the expression levels of adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. BMP4 loss-of-function status was achieved via transfection of a BMP4-specific siRNA. High glucose levels increased BMP4 expression in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. PAL potentiated such expression. The levels of adhesion molecules and ROS production increased upon treatment with high glucose and/or PAL, but this eff ect was negated when BMP4 was knocked down via siRNA. Signaling of BMP4, a proinflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokine marker, was increased by hyperglycemia and PAL. BMP4 induced the expression of infl ammatory adhesion molecules and ROS production. Our work suggests that BMP4 plays a role in atherogenesis induced by high glucose levels and/or PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak-Kee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Soon-Jib Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Kyunggi-do 14647, Korea
| | - Jang-Won Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Kyunggi-do 14647, Korea
| | - Mee-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Bong-Yun Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Li X, Zhuang S. Recent advances in renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy after kidney transplantation. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:15. [PMID: 25285155 PMCID: PMC4185272 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although kidney transplantation has been an important means for the treatment of patients with end stage of renal disease, the long-term survival rate of the renal allograft remains a challenge. The cause of late renal allograft loss, once known as chronic allograft nephropathy, has been renamed “interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy” (IF/TA) to reflect the histologic pattern seen on biopsy. The mechanisms leading to IF/TA in the transplanted kidney include inflammation, activation of renal fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Identifying the mediators and factors that trigger IF/TA may be useful in early diagnosis and development of novel therapeutic strategies for improving long-term renal allograft survival and patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in our understanding of IF/TA from three aspects: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China ; Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Middle House 301, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Shen T, Sun C, Zhang Z, Xu N, Duan X, Feng XH, Lin X. Specific control of BMP signaling and mesenchymal differentiation by cytoplasmic phosphatase PPM1H. Cell Res 2014; 24:727-41. [PMID: 24732009 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins that regulate a wide array of cellular functions. The key step in BMP signal transduction is the BMP receptor-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factors Smad1, 5, and 8 (collectively Smad1/5/8), which leads to the subsequent activation of BMP-induced gene transcription in the nucleus. In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of PPM1H as a novel cytoplasm-localized Smad1/5/8-specific phosphatase. PPM1H directly interacts with Smad1/5/8 through its Smad-binding domain, and dephosphorylates phospho-Smad1/5/8 (P-Smad1/5/8) in the cytoplasm. Ectopic expression of PPM1H attenuates BMP signaling, whereas loss of PPM1H activity or expression greatly enhances BMP-dependent gene regulation and mesenchymal differentiation. In conclusion, this study suggests that PPM1H acts as a gatekeeper to prevent excessive BMP signaling through dephosphorylation and subsequent nuclear exclusion of P-Smad1/5/8 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- 1] Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [3] Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chuang Sun
- 1] Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhengmao Zhang
- Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ningyi Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xueyan Duan
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- 1] Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China [2] Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [3] Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [4] Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Zouani OF, Rami L, Lei Y, Durrieu MC. Insights into the osteoblast precursor differentiation towards mature osteoblasts induced by continuous BMP-2 signaling. Biol Open 2013; 2:872-81. [PMID: 24143273 PMCID: PMC3773333 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20134986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature osteoblasts are the cells responsible for bone formation and are derived from precursor osteoblasts. However, the mechanisms that control this differentiation are poorly understood. In fact, unlike the majority of organs in the body, which are composed of “soft” tissue from which cells can easily be isolated and studied, the “hard” mineralized tissue of bone has made it difficult to study the function of bone cells. Here, we established an in vitro model that mimics this differentiation under physiological conditions. We obtained mature osteoblasts and characterized them on the basis of the following parameters: the strong expression of osteoblastic markers, such as Runx2 and Col-I; the achievement of specific dimensions (the cell volume increases 26-fold compared to the osteoblast precursors); and the production of an abundant extracellular matrix also called osteoid. We demonstrated that the differentiation of osteoblast precursors into mature osteoblasts requires the continuous activation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) receptors, which we established with the immobilization of a BMP-2mimetic peptide on a synthetic matrix mimicking in vivo microenvironment. Importantly, we demonstrated that the organization of the F-actin network and acetylated microtubules of the cells were modified during the differentiation process. We showed that the perturbation of the F-actin cytoskeleton organization abolished the differentiation process. In addition, we demonstrated that expression of the Runx2 gene is required for this differentiation. These findings demonstrate the retro-regulation of cytoplasmic and genic components due to the continuous induction of BMP-2 and also provide more detailed insights into the correct signaling of BMPs for cell differentiation in bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Zouani
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire (BioTis), INSERM U1026, Université de Bordeaux , 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux , France
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Martini S, Nair V, Patel SR, Eichinger F, Nelson RG, Weil EJ, Pezzolesi MG, Krolewski AS, Randolph A, Keller BJ, Werner T, Kretzler M. From single nucleotide polymorphism to transcriptional mechanism: a model for FRMD3 in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2013; 62:2605-12. [PMID: 23434934 PMCID: PMC3712052 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have proven to be highly effective at defining relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and clinical phenotypes in complex diseases. Establishing a mechanistic link between a noncoding SNP and the clinical outcome is a significant hurdle in translating associations into biological insight. We demonstrate an approach to assess the functional context of a diabetic nephropathy (DN)-associated SNP located in the promoter region of the gene FRMD3. The approach integrates pathway analyses with transcriptional regulatory pattern-based promoter modeling and allows the identification of a transcriptional framework affected by the DN-associated SNP in the FRMD3 promoter. This framework provides a testable hypothesis for mechanisms of genomic variation and transcriptional regulation in the context of DN. Our model proposes a possible transcriptional link through which the polymorphism in the FRMD3 promoter could influence transcriptional regulation within the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling pathway. These findings provide the rationale to interrogate the biological link between FRMD3 and the BMP pathway and serve as an example of functional genomics-based hypothesis generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martini
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Viji Nair
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sanjeevkumar R. Patel
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Felix Eichinger
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert G. Nelson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - E. Jennifer Weil
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Marcus G. Pezzolesi
- Research and Clinic Divisions, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ann Randolph
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin J. Keller
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan
| | - Thomas Werner
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Genomatix Software GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Corresponding author: Matthias Kretzler,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tubulointerstitial injury in the kidney is complex, involving a number of independent and overlapping cellular and molecular pathways, with renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) as the final common pathway. Furthermore, there are multiple ways to assess IFTA. RECENT FINDINGS Cells involved include tubular epithelial cells, fibroblasts, fibrocytes, myofibroblasts, monocyte/macrophages, and mast cells with complex and still incompletely characterized cell-molecular interactions. Molecular mediators involved are numerous and involve pathways such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, bone morphogenic protein (BMP), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Recent genomic approaches have shed insight into some of these cellular and molecular pathways. Pathologic evaluation of IFTA is central in assessing the severity of chronic disease; however, there are a variety of methods used to assess IFTA. Most assessment of IFTA relies on pathologist assessment of special stains such as trichrome, Sirius Red, and collagen III immunohistochemistry. Visual pathologist assessment can be prone to intra and interobserver variability, but some methods employ computerized morphometery, without a clear consensus as to the best method. SUMMARY IFTA results from on orchestration of cell types and molecular pathways. Opinions vary on the optimal qualitative and quantitative assessment of IFTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alton B Farris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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BMPR2 expression is suppressed by signaling through the estrogen receptor. Biol Sex Differ 2012; 3:6. [PMID: 22348410 PMCID: PMC3310853 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-3-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in multiple organ systems have shown cross-talk between signaling through the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) and estrogen pathways. In humans, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a female predominance, and is associated with decreased BMPR2 expression. The goal of this study was to determine if estrogens suppress BMPR2 expression. METHODS A variety of techniques were utilized across several model platforms to evaluate the relationship between estrogens and BMPR2 gene expression. We used quantitative RT-PCR, gel mobility shift, and luciferase activity assays in human samples, live mice, and cell culture. RESULTS BMPR2 expression is reduced in lymphocytes from female patients compared with male patients, and in whole lungs from female mice compared with male mice. There is an evolutionarily conserved estrogen receptor binding site in the BMPR2 promoter, which binds estrogen receptor by gel-shift assay. Increased exogenous estrogen decreases BMPR2 expression in cell culture, particularly when induced to proliferate. Transfection of increasing quantities of estrogen receptor alpha correlates strongly with decreasing expression of BMPR2. CONCLUSIONS BMPR2 gene expression is reduced in females compared to males in live humans and in mice, likely through direct estrogen receptor alpha binding to the BMPR2 promoter. This reduced BMPR2 expression may contribute to the increased prevalence of PAH in females.
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Syreeni A, El-Osta A, Forsblom C, Sandholm N, Parkkonen M, Tarnow L, Parving HH, McKnight AJ, Maxwell AP, Cooper ME, Groop PH. Genetic examination of SETD7 and SUV39H1/H2 methyltransferases and the risk of diabetes complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:3073-80. [PMID: 21896933 PMCID: PMC3198095 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of vascular complications, which are the major sources of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Furthermore, these vascular complications often persist and progress despite improved glucose control, possibly as a result of prior episodes of hyperglycemia. Epigenetic modifications mediated by histone methyltransferases are associated with gene-activating events that promote enhanced expression of key proinflammatory molecules implicated in vascular injury. In this study, we investigated genetic polymorphisms of the SETD7, SUV39H1, and SUV39H2 methyltransferases as predictors of risk for micro- and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane) cohort, 37 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 2,991 individuals with type 1 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Seven SNPs were genotyped in the replication cohorts from the Steno Diabetes Center and All Ireland/Warren 3/Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) U.K. study. RESULTS In a meta-analysis, the minor T allele of the exonic SNP rs17353856 in the SUV39H2 was associated with diabetic retinopathy (genotypic odds ratio 0.75, P = 1.2 × 10(-4)). The same SNP showed a trend toward an association with diabetic nephropathy as well as cardiovascular disease in the FinnDiane cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our findings propose that a genetic variation in a gene coding for a histone methyltransferase is protective for a diabetic microvascular complication. The pathophysiological implications of this polymorphism or other genetic variation nearby for the vascular complications of type 1 diabetes remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Syreeni
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maikki Parkkonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hans-Henrik Parving
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy J. McKnight
- Nephrology Research Group, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Alexander P. Maxwell
- Nephrology Research Group, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author: Per-Henrik Groop,
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Abstract
A tight interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental factors define the onset and the rate of progression of chronic renal disease. We are seeing a rapid expansion of information about genetic loci associated with kidney function and complex renal disease. However, discovering the functional links that bridge the gap from genetic risk loci to disease phenotype is one of the main challenges ahead. Risk loci are currently assigned to a putative context using the functional annotation of the closest genes via a guilt-by-proximity approach. These approaches can be extended by strategies integrating genetic risk loci with kidney-specific, genome-wide gene expression. Risk loci-associated transcripts can be assigned a putative disease-specific function using gene expression coregulation networks. Ultimately, genotype-phenotype dependencies postulated from these associative approaches in humans need to be tested via genetic modification in model organisms. In this review, we survey strategies that employ human tissue-specific expression and the use of model organisms to identify and validate the functional relationship between genotype and phenotype in renal disease. Strategies to unravel how genetic risk and environmental factors orchestrate renal disease manifestation can be the first steps toward a more integrated, holistic approach urgently needed for chronic renal diseases.
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Boström KI, Rajamannan NM, Towler DA. The regulation of valvular and vascular sclerosis by osteogenic morphogens. Circ Res 2011; 109:564-77. [PMID: 21852555 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.234278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification increasingly afflicts our aging, dysmetabolic population. Once considered only a passive process of dead and dying cells, vascular calcification has now emerged as a highly regulated form of biomineralization organized by collagenous and elastin extracellular matrices. During skeletal bone formation, paracrine epithelial-mesenchymal and endothelial-mesenchymal interactions control osteochondrocytic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells. These paracrine osteogenic signals, mediated by potent morphogens of the bone morphogenetic protein and wingless-type MMTV integration site family member (Wnt) superfamilies, are also active in the programming of arterial osteoprogenitor cells during vascular and valve calcification. Inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and oxylipids-increased in the clinical settings of atherosclerosis, diabetes, and uremia that promote arteriosclerotic calcification-elicit the ectopic vascular activation of osteogenic morphogens. Specific extracellular and intracellular inhibitors of bone morphogenetic protein-Wnt signaling have been identified as contributing to the regulation of osteogenic mineralization during development and disease. These inhibitory pathways and their regulators afford the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat valve and vascular sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina I Boström
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Leeuwis JW, Nguyen TQ, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van der Giezen DM, van der Ven K, Rouw PJH, Offerhaus GJA, Mummery CL, Goldschmeding R. Direct visualization of Smad1/5/8-mediated transcriptional activity identifies podocytes and collecting ducts as major targets of BMP signalling in healthy and diseased kidneys. J Pathol 2011; 224:121-32. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Suh JS, Hahn WH, Lee JS, Park HJ, Kim MJ, Kang SW, Chung JH, Cho BS. Coding polymorphisms of bone morphogenetic protein 2 contribute to the development of childhood IgA nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:337-341. [PMID: 22977507 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor β (TGFB) superfamily and are important in both preservation of kidney function and resistance to injury. BMP2 is highly regulated in the kidney, and high affinity binding sites for BMP2 have been identified in kidney epithelial cells. BMP2 has been demonstrated to play various roles in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. However, the role of the BMP2 gene in glomerulonephritis has not been previously investigated. We aimed to evaluate the association of BMP2 gene polymorphisms with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) in children. We evaluated 187 pediatric patients with biopsy-confimed IgAN and 262 healthy controls. Two coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) in the BMP2 gene [rs235768 (missense, Arg190Ser) and rs1049007 (synonymous, Ser87Ser)] were selected and genotyped by direct sequencing. Genotypes of rs1049007 were associated with childhood IgAN in the codominant model II (GG vs. AA) [p=0.02; OR (95% CI), 0.16 (0.04-0.70)] and in the recessive model [p=0.0023; OR (95% CI), 0.16 (0.04-0.69)]. We also found an association between rs235768 and IgAN in the codominant model II (TT vs. AA) [p=0.01; OR (95% CI), 0.08 (0.01-0.57)] and in the recessive model [p=0.0002; OR (95% CI), 0.07 (0.01-0.55)]. After Bonferroni correction, these associations of rs235768 and rs1049007 with IgAN risk remained significant. In the haplotype analysis, the TG haplotype [p=0.01; OR (95% CI), 6.76 (1.55-29.50) in the dominant model] and AA haplotype [p=0.01; OR (95% CI), 0.08 (0.01-0.59) in the recessive model] showed associations with IgAN. The BMP2 gene may contribute to susceptibility to IgAN in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soon Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, East West Kidney Disease Research Institute
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13
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:568-80. [PMID: 21030841 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328341311d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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