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Gomchok D, Ge RL, Wuren T. Platelets in Renal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14724. [PMID: 37834171 PMCID: PMC10572297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a major global health concern, affecting millions of people. Nephrologists have shown interest in platelets because of coagulation disorders caused by renal diseases. With a better understanding of platelets, it has been found that these anucleate and abundant blood cells not only play a role in hemostasis, but also have important functions in inflammation and immunity. Platelets are not only affected by kidney disease, but may also contribute to kidney disease progression by mediating inflammation and immune effects. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding platelet abnormalities in renal disease, and the multiple effects of platelets on kidney disease progression. The relationship between platelets and kidney disease is still being explored, and further research can provide mechanistic insights into the relationship between thrombosis, bleeding, and inflammation related to kidney disease, and elucidate targeted therapies for patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drolma Gomchok
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (D.G.); (R.-L.G.)
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (D.G.); (R.-L.G.)
- Key Laboratory for Application for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Tana Wuren
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (D.G.); (R.-L.G.)
- Key Laboratory for Application for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mesangial cells are critical for the proper function of the glomerulus, playing roles in structural support and injury repair. However, they are also early responders to glomerular immune complex deposition and contribute to inflammation and fibrosis in lupus nephritis. This review highlights recent studies identifying signaling pathways and mediators in mesangial cell response to lupus-relevant stimuli. RECENT FINDINGS Anti-dsDNA antibodies, serum, or plasma from individuals with lupus nephritis, or specific pathologic factors activated multiple signaling pathways. These pathways largely included JAK/STAT/SOCS, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK and led to induction of proliferation and expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and profibrotic factors. NFκB activation was a common mediator of response. Mesangial cells proliferate and express a wide array of proinflammatory/profibrotic factors in response to a variety of lupus-relevant pathologic stimuli. While some of the responses are similar, the mechanisms involved appear to be diverse depending on the stimulus. Future studies are needed to fully elucidate these mechanisms with respect to the diverse milieu of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara K Nowling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St. CSB 822 MSC 637, Charleston, SC, 29425-6370, USA.
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Bian Q, Anderson JC, Zhang XW, Huang ZQ, Ebefors K, Nyström J, Hall S, Novak L, Julian BA, Willey CD, Novak J. Mesangioproliferative Kidney Diseases and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Mediated AXL Phosphorylation. Kidney Med 2021; 3:1003-1013.e1. [PMID: 34939009 PMCID: PMC8664734 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common glomerular disease, with mesangial cell proliferation as a major feature. There is no disease-specific treatment. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) contributes to the pathogenesis of IgAN. To better understand its pathogenic mechanisms, we assessed PDGF-mediated AXL phosphorylation in human mesangial cells and kidney tissue biopsy specimens. STUDY DESIGN Immunostaining using human kidney biopsy specimens and in vitro studies using primary human mesangial cells. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Phosphorylation of AXL was assessed in cultured mesangial cells and 10 kidney-biopsy specimens from 5 patients with IgAN, 3 with minimal change disease, 1 with membranous nephropathy, and 1 with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). PREDICTOR Glomerular staining for phospho-AXL in kidney biopsy specimens of patients with mesangioproliferative diseases. OUTCOMES Phosphorylated AXL detected in biopsy tissues of patients with IgAN and mesangioproliferative GN and in cultured mesangial cells stimulated with PDGF. ANALYTIC APPROACH t test, Mann-Whitney test, and analysis of variance were used to assess the significance of mesangial cell proliferative changes. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining revealed enhanced phosphorylation of glomerular AXL in IgAN and mesangioproliferative GN, but not in minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy. Confocal-microscopy immunofluorescence analysis indicated that mesangial cells rather than endothelial cells or podocytes expressed phospho-AXL. Kinomic profiling of primary mesangial cells treated with PDGF revealed activation of several protein-tyrosine kinases, including AXL. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated association of AXL and PDGF receptor proteins. An AXL-specific inhibitor (bemcentinib) partially blocked PDGF-induced cellular proliferation and reduced phosphorylation of AXL and PDGF receptor and the downstream signals (AKT1 and ERK1/2). LIMITATIONS Small number of kidney biopsy specimens to correlate the activation of AXL with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS PDGF-mediated signaling in mesangial cells involves transactivation of AXL. Finding appropriate inhibitors to block PDGF-mediated transactivation of AXL may provide new therapeutic options for mesangioproliferative kidney diseases such as IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bian
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xian Wen Zhang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Stacy Hall
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lea Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Jan Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Liu F, Zhuang S. Role of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Renal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060972. [PMID: 27331812 PMCID: PMC4926504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis can be induced in different renal diseases, but ultimately progresses to end stage renal disease. Although the pathophysiologic process of renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated, it is characterized by glomerulosclerosis and/or tubular interstitial fibrosis, and is believed to be caused by the proliferation of renal inherent cells, including glomerular epithelial cells, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells, along with defective kidney repair, renal interstitial fibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate a variety of cell physiological processes, including metabolism, growth, differentiation, and survival. Many studies from in vitro and animal models have provided evidence that RTKs play important roles in the pathogenic process of renal fibrosis. It is also showed that tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) have anti-fibrotic effects in basic research and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the evidence for involvement of specific RTKs in renal fibrosis process and the employment of TKIs as a therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Chung SA, Brown EE, Williams AH, Ramos PS, Berthier CC, Bhangale T, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Behrens TW, Criswell LA, Graham DC, Demirci FY, Edberg JC, Gaffney PM, Harley JB, Jacob CO, Kamboh MI, Kelly JA, Manzi S, Moser-Sivils KL, Russell LP, Petri M, Tsao BP, Vyse TJ, Zidovetzki R, Kretzler M, Kimberly RP, Freedman BI, Graham RR, Langefeld CD. Lupus nephritis susceptibility loci in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2859-70. [PMID: 24925725 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a manifestation of SLE resulting from glomerular immune complex deposition and inflammation. Lupus nephritis demonstrates familial aggregation and accounts for significant morbidity and mortality. We completed a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies of SLE to identify lupus nephritis-predisposing loci. Through genotyping and imputation, >1.6 million markers were assessed in 2000 unrelated women of European descent with SLE (588 patients with lupus nephritis and 1412 patients with lupus without nephritis). Tests of association were computed using logistic regression adjusting for population substructure. The strongest evidence for association was observed outside the MHC and included markers localized to 4q11-q13 (PDGFRA, GSX2; P=4.5×10(-7)), 16p12 (SLC5A11; P=5.1×10(-7)), 6p22 (ID4; P=7.4×10(-7)), and 8q24.12 (HAS2, SNTB1; P=1.1×10(-6)). Both HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3, two well established lupus susceptibility loci, showed evidence of association with lupus nephritis (P=0.06 and P=3.7×10(-5), respectively). Within the class I region, rs9263871 (C6orf15-HCG22) had the strongest evidence of association with lupus nephritis independent of HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3 (P=8.5×10(-6)). Consistent with a functional role in lupus nephritis, intra-renal mRNA levels of PDGFRA and associated pathway members showed significant enrichment in patients with lupus nephritis (n=32) compared with controls (n=15). Results from this large-scale genome-wide investigation of lupus nephritis provide evidence of multiple biologically relevant lupus nephritis susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell-Ephraim P. Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adrienne H Williams
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paula S Ramos
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Marta E Alarcon-Riquelme
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Human DNA Variability Area, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Timothy W Behrens
- Immunology Tissue Growth and Repair Human Genetics Group, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell-Ephraim P. Engleman Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Deborah Cunninghame Graham
- Divisions of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Infection, and Inflammatory Disease, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey C Edberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - John B Harley
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Division of Rheumatology, Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chaim O Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Susan Manzi
- Department of Medicine, West Penn Allegheny Health System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy L Moser-Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Laurie P Russell
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michelle Petri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tim J Vyse
- Divisions of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Infection, and Inflammatory Disease, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Zidovetzki
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California; and
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert P Kimberly
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Robert R Graham
- Immunology Tissue Growth and Repair Human Genetics Group, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;
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