1
|
Yao CY, Lin CC, Wang YH, Kao CJ, Tsai CH, Hou HA, Tien HF, Hsu CL, Chou WC. Kinome expression profiling improves risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2442-2454. [PMID: 38527292 PMCID: PMC11112608 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The human kinome, which comprises >500 kinases, plays a critical role in regulating numerous essential cellular functions. Although the dysregulation of kinases has been observed in various human cancers, the characterization and clinical implications of kinase expressions in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have not been systematically investigated. In this study, we evaluated the kinome expression profiles of 341 adult patients with primary MDS and identified 7 kinases (PTK7, KIT, MAST4, NTRK1, PAK6, CAMK1D, and PRKCZ) whose expression levels were highly predictive of compromised patient survival. We then constructed the kinase stratification score (KISS) by combining the weighted expressions of the 7 kinases and validated its prognostic significance in 2 external MDS cohorts. A higher KISS was associated with older age, higher peripheral blood and marrow blast percentages, higher Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) risks, complex karyotype, and mutations in several adverse-risk genes in MDS, such as ASXL1, EZH2, NPM1, RUNX1, STAG2, and TP53. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a higher KISS was an independent unfavorable risk factor in MDS. Mechanistically, the KISS-high patients were enriched for gene sets associated with hematopoietic and leukemic stem cell signatures. By investigating the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database, we identified axitinib and taselisib as candidate compounds that could potentially target the KISS-high myeloblasts. Altogether, our findings suggest that KISS holds the potential to improve the current prognostic scheme of MDS and inform novel therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Yao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Lin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chein-Jun Kao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hong Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakagawa MM, Rathinam CV. Constitutive Activation of the Canonical NF-κB Pathway Leads to Bone Marrow Failure and Induction of Erythroid Signature in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2094-2109.e4. [PMID: 30463008 PMCID: PMC6945759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway has been associated with a variety of human pathologies. However, molecular mechanisms through which canonical NF-κB affects hematopoiesis remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that deregulated canonical NF-κB signals in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) cause a complete depletion of HSC pool, pancytopenia, bone marrow failure, and premature death. Constitutive activation of IKK2 in HSCs leads to impaired quiescence and loss of function. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified an induction of “erythroid signature” in HSCs with augmented NF-κB activity. Mechanistic studies indicated a reduction of thrombopoietin (TPO)-mediated signals and its downstream target p57 in HSCs, due to reduced c-MpI expression in a cell-intrinsic manner. Molecular studies established Klf1 as a key suppressor of c-MpI in HSPCs with increased NF-κB. In essence, these studies identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exaggerated canonical NF-κB signals affect HSCs and cause pathophysiology. Nakagawa and Rathinam demonstrate that constitutive activation of IKK2 in HSCs causes a complete depletion of the HSC pool and impairs HSC functions due to a loss of “sternness” signature and an induction of erythroid signature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Marshall Nakagawa
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chozha Vendan Rathinam
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bone marrow niche in the myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1020-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
4
|
Hilpert M, Legrand C, Bluteau D, Balayn N, Betems A, Bluteau O, Villeval JL, Louache F, Gonin P, Debili N, Plo I, Vainchenker W, Gilles L, Raslova H. p19 INK4d controls hematopoietic stem cells in a cell-autonomous manner during genotoxic stress and through the microenvironment during aging. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:1085-102. [PMID: 25458892 PMCID: PMC4264042 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by the capacity for self-renewal and the ability to reconstitute the entire hematopoietic compartment. Thrombopoietin maintains adult HSCs in a quiescent state through the induction of cell cycle inhibitors p57Kip2 and p19INK4d. Using the p19INK4d−/− mouse model, we investigated the role of p19INK4d in basal and stress-induced hematopoiesis. We demonstrate that p19INK4d is involved in the regulation of HSC quiescence by inhibition of the G0/G1 cell cycle transition. Under genotoxic stress conditions, the absence of p19INK4d in HSCs leads to accelerated cell cycle exit, accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, and apoptosis when cells progress to the S/G2-M stages of the cell cycle. Moreover, p19INK4d controls the HSC microenvironment through negative regulation of megakaryopoiesis. Deletion of p19INK4d results in megakaryocyte hyperproliferation and increased transforming growth factor β1 secretion. This leads to fibrosis in the bone marrow and spleen, followed by loss of HSCs during aging. p19INK4d regulates HSC quiescence through inhibition of the G0/G1 transition p19INK4d protects HSC from DNA damage and apoptosis during genotoxic stress Absence of p19INK4d leads to MK amplification, splenomegaly, and fibrosis development p19INK4d controls HSC pool through microenvironment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Hilpert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Diderot, 5 rue Thomas-Mann, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Céline Legrand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Dominique Bluteau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Natalie Balayn
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aline Betems
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Bluteau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Fawzia Louache
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Gonin
- University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Najet Debili
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Laure Gilles
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1009, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; University Paris Sud, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, IFR54, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Divisional history and hematopoietic stem cell function during homeostasis. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:473-90. [PMID: 24749072 PMCID: PMC3986626 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the homeostatic behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) temporally defined according to their divisional histories using an HSPC-specific GFP label-retaining system. We show that homeostatic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lose repopulating potential after limited cell divisions. Once HSCs exit dormancy and accrue divisions, they also progressively lose the ability to return to G0 and functional activities associated with quiescent HSCs. In addition, dormant HSPCs phenotypically defined as multipotent progenitor cells display robust stem cell activity upon transplantation, suggesting that temporal quiescence is a greater indicator of function than cell-surface phenotype. Our studies suggest that once homeostatic HSCs leave dormancy, they are slated for extinction. They self-renew phenotypically, but they lose self-renewal activity. As such, they question self-renewal as a characteristic of homeostatic, nonperturbed HSCs in contrast to self-renewal demonstrated under stress conditions. Homeostatic HSCs progressively lose self-renewal ability with cell division G0 homeostatic HSCs lose functional ability in relation to their divisional history Temporally defined quiescence reflects HSC functional abilities better than phenotype Once dormant HSCs are activated without stress, they lose self-renewal activity
Collapse
|
6
|
Lanzoni G, Oikawa T, Wang Y, Cui CB, Carpino G, Cardinale V, Gerber D, Gabriel M, Dominguez-Bendala J, Furth ME, Gaudio E, Alvaro D, Inverardi L, Reid LM. Concise review: clinical programs of stem cell therapies for liver and pancreas. Stem Cells 2013; 31:2047-60. [PMID: 23873634 PMCID: PMC3812254 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is transitioning into clinical programs using stem/progenitor cell therapies for repair of damaged organs. We summarize those for liver and pancreas, organs that share endodermal stem cell populations, biliary tree stem cells (hBTSCs), located in peribiliary glands. They are precursors to hepatic stem/progenitors in canals of Hering and to committed progenitors in pancreatic duct glands. They give rise to maturational lineages along a radial axis within bile duct walls and a proximal-to-distal axis starting at the duodenum and ending with mature cells in the liver or pancreas. Clinical trials have been ongoing for years assessing effects of determined stem cells (fetal-liver-derived hepatic stem/progenitors) transplanted into the hepatic artery of patients with various liver diseases. Immunosuppression was not required. Control subjects, those given standard of care for a given condition, all died within a year or deteriorated in their liver functions. Subjects transplanted with 100-150 million hepatic stem/progenitor cells had improved liver functions and survival extending for several years. Full evaluations of safety and efficacy of transplants are still in progress. Determined stem cell therapies for diabetes using hBTSCs remain to be explored but are likely to occur following ongoing preclinical studies. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are being used for patients with chronic liver conditions or with diabetes. MSCs have demonstrated significant effects through paracrine signaling of trophic and immunomodulatory factors, and there is limited evidence for inefficient lineage restriction into mature parenchymal or islet cells. HSCs' effects are primarily via modulation of immune mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lanzoni
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL. 33136
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tsunekazu Oikawa
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yunfang Wang
- The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, PR China, 100850
| | - Cai-Bin Cui
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Rome “ForoItalico”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - David Gerber
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mara Gabriel
- MGabriel Consulting, 3621 Sweeten Creek Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
| | - Juan Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL. 33136
| | - Mark E. Furth
- Wake Forest Innovations, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Fondazione Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Inverardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL. 33136
| | - Lola M. Reid
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J. Myelodysplastic syndrome hematopoietic stem cell. Int J Cancer 2012; 133:525-33. [PMID: 23047726 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) malignancies that are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and frequent progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus far, few treatments can actually alter the natural history of this disease. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for high-risk MDS is becoming the only curative therapy probably because of the improvement of bone marrow transplant procedures. The lack of other options underscores the urgent need to develop new therapy. The prevailing model suggests that genetic and/or epigenetic alterations that occur in HSCs or HSC niche compromise HSC function, resulting in MDS; therefore, MDS HSCs are likely the ideal targets for MDS treatment. Recent encouraging advances--capturing a molecular portrait of the whole genome of MDS CD34(+) cells, including identifying altered signaling pathways and altered microRNAs--have improved our understanding of MDS pathogenesis and provided novel potential clinical targets for MDS. Here, I will briefly review the characteristics of MDS HSCs and discuss the therapeutic promise of targeting MDS HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June Li
- Department of Genetics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boiocchi L, Orazi A, Ghanima W, Arabadjief M, Bussel JB, Geyer JT. Thrombopoietin receptor agonist therapy in primary immune thrombocytopenia is associated with bone marrow hypercellularity and mild reticulin fibrosis but not other stromal abnormalities. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:65-74. [PMID: 21841770 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by platelet count of <100 × 10(9)/l in the absence of other causes of thrombocytopenia. Primary immune thrombocytopenia is defined as 'chronic' when it has been present for more than 12 months without spontaneous remission or maintenance of complete response to therapy. Recently, thrombopoietin receptor agonists became available for treatment of chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia. Anecdotal reports have raised concerns about a possible association between therapy with thrombopoietin receptor agonists and an increase in bone marrow fibrosis. To investigate this association we studied eight patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia in detail comparing fibrosis and other morphological features in pre-therapy and on-therapy bone marrow biopsies, with the longest follow-up reported to date. A slight but significant increase to MF-1 in reticulin fibrosis was observed during therapy, but collagen was never present. On-therapy bone marrows were hypercellular due to panmyelosis with increased trilineage hematopoiesis. Megakaryocytes were increased in number, with acquisition of evident pleomorphism, nuclear hyperlobulation and tendency in some cases to form clusters. The overall picture of the on-therapy marrows was characterized by myeloproliferative neoplasm-like features, resembling essential thrombocythemia or occasionally early primary myelofibrosis. As thrombopoietin receptor agonists are becoming a mainstream treatment for primary immune thrombocytopenia, general pathologists and especially hematopathologists need to be aware of the characteristic morphological changes associated with use of these therapeutic agents, in order to avoid misdiagnosis of a myeloid neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Boiocchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Havard M, Dautry F, Tchénio T. A dormant state modulated by osmotic pressure controls clonogenicity of prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44177-44186. [PMID: 22039055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.262709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell dormancy constitutes a limiting step of the metastatic process by preventing the proliferation of isolated cancer cells disseminated at distant sites from the primary tumor. The study of cancer cell dormancy is severely hampered by the lack of biological samples so that the mechanisms that regulate cell dormancy have not been extensively explored. In this work, we describe the rapid induction in vitro of a dormant state in prostate cancer cells by exposure to a slightly hypertonic growth medium. This quiescence is observed only when cells are seeded at low density and, once established, requires additional stimuli besides osmotic pressure to be reversed. Media conditioned by cells grown at high density can partially prevent or reverse dormancy, a phenomenon which can be reproduced with citric acid. In addition to this role of small metabolites, inactivation of the p53 and smad pathways also counters the entry into dormancy, whereas exposure to activin A induces it to some extent. Thus, this easily inducible dormancy reproduces several features associated with the dormancy of stem cells and cancer cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Havard
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 94235 Cachan Cedex, France
| | - François Dautry
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 94235 Cachan Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Tchénio
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8113, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 94235 Cachan Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
High-throughput analysis of single hematopoietic stem cell proliferation in microfluidic cell culture arrays. Nat Methods 2011; 8:581-6. [PMID: 21602799 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in cell populations poses a major obstacle to understanding complex biological processes. Here we present a microfluidic platform containing thousands of nanoliter-scale chambers suitable for live-cell imaging studies of clonal cultures of nonadherent cells with precise control of the conditions, capabilities for in situ immunostaining and recovery of viable cells. We show that this platform mimics conventional cultures in reproducing the responses of various types of primitive mouse hematopoietic cells with retention of their functional properties, as demonstrated by subsequent in vitro and in vivo (transplantation) assays of recovered cells. The automated medium exchange of this system made it possible to define when Steel factor stimulation is first required by adult hematopoietic stem cells in vitro as the point of exit from quiescence. This technology will offer many new avenues to interrogate otherwise inaccessible mechanisms governing mammalian cell growth and fate decisions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Giordano FA, Sorg UR, Appelt JU, Lachmann N, Bleier S, Roeder I, Kleff V, Flasshove M, Zeller WJ, Allgayer H, von Kalle C, Fruehauf S, Moritz T, Laufs S. Clonal inventory screens uncover monoclonality following serial transplantation of MGMT P140K-transduced stem cells and dose-intense chemotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:697-710. [PMID: 21319998 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer of mutant O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT(P140K)) into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) protects hematopoiesis from alkylating agents and allows efficient in vivo selection of transduced HSCs. However, insertional mutagenesis, high regenerative stress associated with selection, and the genotoxic potential of alkylating drugs represent considerable risk factors for clinical applications of this approach. Therefore, we investigated the long-term effect of MGMT(P140K) gene transfer followed by repetitive, dose-intensive treatment with alkylating agents in a murine serial bone marrow transplant model and assessed clonality of hematopoiesis up to tertiary recipients. The substantial selection pressure resulted in almost completely transduced hematopoiesis in all cohorts. Ligation-mediated PCR and next-generation sequencing identified several repopulating clones carrying vector insertions in distinct genomic regions that were ∼ 9 kb of size (common integration sites). Beside polyclonal reconstitution in the majority of the mice, we also detected monoclonal or oligoclonal repopulation patterns with HSC clones showing vector insertions in the Usp10 or Tubb3 gene. Interestingly, neither Usp10, Tubb3, nor any of the genes located in common integration sites have been linked to clonal expansion in previous preclinical or clinical gene therapy trials. However, a considerable number of these genes are involved in DNA damage response and cell fate decision pathways following cytostatic drug application. Thus, in summary, our study advocates ligation-mediated PCR and next generation sequencing as an effective and reliable method to identify gene products associated with clonal survival in specific experimental settings such as chemoselection using alkylating agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Giordano
- Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Complex interactions in EML cell stimulation by stem cell factor and IL-3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:4882-7. [PMID: 21383156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1018002108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroid myeloid lymphoid (EML) cells are an established multipotent hematopoietic precursor cell line that can be maintained in medium including stem cell factor (SCF). EML cultures contain a heterogeneous mixture of cells, including a lineage-negative, CD34+ subset of cells that propagate rapidly in SCF and can clonally regenerate the mixed population. A second major subset of EML cells consists of lineage-negative. CD34- cells that can be propagated in IL-3 but grow slowly, if at all, in SCF, although they express the SCF receptor (c-kit). The response of these cells to IL-3 is stimulated synergistically by SCF, and we present evidence that both the synergy and the inhibition of c-kit responses may be mediated by direct interaction with IL-3 receptor. Further, the relative level of tyrosine phosphorylation of various substrates by either cytokine alone differs from that produced by the combination of the two cytokines, suggesting that cell signaling by the combination of the two cytokines differs from that produced by either alone.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lentiviral gene transfer regenerates hematopoietic stem cells in a mouse model for Mpl-deficient aplastic anemia. Blood 2011; 117:3737-47. [PMID: 21289307 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-09-308262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thpo/Mpl signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in addition to its role in megakaryopoiesis. Patients with inactivating mutations in Mpl develop thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia because of progressive loss of HSCs. Yet, it is unknown whether this loss of HSCs is an irreversible process. In this study, we used the Mpl knockout (Mpl(-/-)) mouse model and expressed Mpl from newly developed lentiviral vectors specifically in the physiologic Mpl target populations, namely, HSCs and megakaryocytes. After validating lineage-specific expression in vivo using lentiviral eGFP reporter vectors, we performed bone marrow transplantation of transduced Mpl(-/-) bone marrow cells into Mpl(-/-) mice. We show that restoration of Mpl expression from transcriptionally targeted vectors prevents lethal adverse reactions of ectopic Mpl expression, replenishes the HSC pool, restores stem cell properties, and corrects platelet production. In some mice, megakaryocyte counts were atypically high, accompanied by bone neo-formation and marrow fibrosis. Gene-corrected Mpl(-/-) cells had increased long-term repopulating potential, with a marked increase in lineage(-)Sca1(+)cKit(+) cells and early progenitor populations in reconstituted mice. Transcriptome analysis of lineage(-)Sca1(+)cKit(+) cells in Mpl-corrected mice showed functional adjustment of genes involved in HSC self-renewal.
Collapse
|
14
|
Evidence that growth factor independence 1b regulates dormancy and peripheral blood mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2010; 116:5149-61. [PMID: 20826720 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-280305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-matched transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is widely used to treat hematologic malignancies but is associated with high mortality. The expansion of HSC numbers and their mobilization into the bloodstream could significantly improve therapy. We report here that adult mice conditionally deficient for the transcription Growth factor independence 1b (Gfi1b) show a significant expansion of functional HSCs in the bone marrow and blood. Despite this expansion, Gfi1b(ko/ko) HSCs retain their ability to self-renew and to initiate multilineage differentiation but are no longer quiescent and contain elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Treatment of Gfi1b(ko/ko) mice with N-acetyl-cystein significantly reduced HSC numbers indicating that increased reactive oxygen species levels are at least partially responsible for the expansion of Gfi1b-deficient HSCs. Moreover, Gfi1b(-/-) HSCs show decreased expression of CXCR4 and Vascular cell adhesion protein-1, which are required to retain dormant HSCs in the endosteal niche, suggesting that Gfi1b regulates HSC dormancy and pool size without affecting their function. Finally, the additional deletion of the related Gfi1 gene in Gfi1b(ko/ko) HSCs is incompatible with the maintenance of HSCs, suggesting that Gfi1b and Gfi1 have partially overlapping functions but that at least one Gfi gene is essential for the generation of HSCs.
Collapse
|
15
|
Deregulated gene expression pathways in myelodysplastic syndrome hematopoietic stem cells. Leukemia 2010; 24:756-64. [PMID: 20220779 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the molecular pathogenesis of the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), we performed global gene expression profiling and pathway analysis on the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) of 183 MDS patients as compared with the HSC of 17 healthy controls. The most significantly deregulated pathways in MDS include interferon signaling, thrombopoietin signaling and the Wnt pathways. Among the most significantly deregulated gene pathways in early MDS are immunodeficiency, apoptosis and chemokine signaling, whereas advanced MDS is characterized by deregulation of DNA damage response and checkpoint pathways. We have identified distinct gene expression profiles and deregulated gene pathways in patients with del(5q), trisomy 8 or -7/del(7q). Patients with trisomy 8 are characterized by deregulation of pathways involved in the immune response, patients with -7/del(7q) by pathways involved in cell survival, whereas patients with del(5q) show deregulation of integrin signaling and cell cycle regulation pathways. This is the first study to determine deregulated gene pathways and ontology groups in the HSC of a large group of MDS patients. The deregulated pathways identified are likely to be critical to the MDS HSC phenotype and give new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of this disorder, thereby providing new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The field of cord blood transplantation has come a long way since the first transplant more than 20 years ago. Advancements in the field will require continuing efforts to better understand hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function and engraftment. Cautious optimism is inherent in the potential relevance and applicability of nonhematopoietic stem and progenitor cell types found in cord blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells generated from cord blood cells. Rigorous investigations and close interactions between scientific and clinical investigators are required to translate human in vitro and animal in vivo findings into clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5181, USA.
| |
Collapse
|