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Hunleth J, Burack S, Kaufman L, Mohrmann C, Shato T, Wiedenman E, Njelesani J. Inequities in childhood cancer research: A scoping review. EJC PAEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2024; 4:100171. [PMID: 38948690 PMCID: PMC11210713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcped.2024.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
An integral part of understanding and then designing programs to reduce childhood cancer inequities includes adequate representation of people with cancer in research, including children. A scoping review was carried out to understand how cancer research is oriented toward inequities and to identify who has participated in childhood qualitative cancer research. A systematic search identified 119 qualitative studies that met inclusion criteria, with most studies taking place in high-income countries (n=84). Overall, data were lacking on social determinants of health at multiple levels-structural, household, child, and guardian. Only 29 studies reported on race and/or ethnicity, with the majority of those including predominantly or all white children. Six articles included socioeconomic information, and across most articles, attention was absent to the financial ramifications of cancer care. Limited reporting of sociodemographics highlights a broader issue of neglecting key demographics and social factors that contribute to inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Hunleth
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Sarah Burack
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Lindsey Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Caroline Mohrmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Thembekile Shato
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
- Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Eric Wiedenman
- Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Janet Njelesani
- Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York, USA
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2
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Sathyanarayanan A. First, a seat; then, an upgrade. J Hum Hypertens 2024:10.1038/s41371-024-00933-2. [PMID: 38987380 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-024-00933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The Sir Stanley Peart Essay Competition is an annual event run by the British and Irish Hypertension Society to encourage Early Career Researchers to continue the ethos of Sir Stanley Peart. Sir Stanley Peart was a clinician and clinical researcher who made a major contribution to our understanding of blood pressure regulation. He was the first to demonstrate the release of noradrenaline in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. He was also the first to purify, and determine the structure of, angiotensin and he later isolated the enzyme, renin, and carried out many important investigations of the factors controlling its release in the body. This year, the essay topic was "Do we need new classes of antihypertensive drugs?". In his prize-winning essay, "First, a seat; then, an upgrade", Dr Sathyanarayanan argues that we do not need new classes of antihypertensive drugs, instead we should focus our attention on addressing the factors that lead to high blood pressure in the first place and use our existing drug classes more effectively.
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Klootwijk L, Osamong LA, Langat S, Njuguna F, Kimaiyo S, Vik TA, Kaspers G, Mostert S. Childhood Cancer Awareness Program in Bungoma County, Kenya. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2024:10.1007/s13187-024-02468-z. [PMID: 38907906 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-024-02468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awareness could play a key role in reducing underdiagnosis and accelerating referral of childhood cancer in low- and middle-income countries and ultimately improve outcomes. This study describes the implementation of a childhood cancer awareness program in Bungoma County in Kenya, containing five components: (1) baseline data collection of primary healthcare facilities; (2) live training session for healthcare providers (HCP); (3) early warning signs posters; (4) online SMS course for HCP; and (5) radio campaign. METHODS This study was conducted between January and June 2023. All 144 primary healthcare facilities (level 2 and 3 health facilities) within Bungoma County were visited by the field team. RESULTS All 125 level 2 (87%) and 19 level 3 (13%) facilities participated in the study. National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) failed to cover services in 37 (26%) facilities. HCP were more often reported absent at level 3 (89%) than level 2 (64%) facilities (P = 0.034). The 144 live training sessions were attended by over 2000 HCP. Distribution of 144 early warning signs posters resulted in 50 phone calls about suspected childhood cancer cases. Sixteen children were later confirmed with childhood cancer and treated. Online SMS learning was completed by 890 HCP. Knowledge mean scores improved between pre-test (7.1) and post-test (8.1; P < 0.001). Finally, 540 radio messages about childhood cancer and a live question-and-answer session were broadcasted. CONCLUSION This study described the implementation of a childhood cancer awareness program in Kenya involving both HCP and the general public. The program improved HCP's knowledge and increased the number of referrals for children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Klootwijk
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Sandra Langat
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Festus Njuguna
- Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Sally Kimaiyo
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Terry A Vik
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Gertjan Kaspers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Mostert
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gastier-Foster JM, Lutwama F, Mbabazi O, Mlenga S, Ulaya K, Namazzi R, Hollingsworth EF, Lopez-Terrada D, Fisher KE, Roy A, Allen CE, Poplack DG, Mzikamanda R, Ozuah N, Wasswa P. Rapid gene fusion testing using the NanoString nCounter platform to improve pediatric leukemia diagnoses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1426638. [PMID: 38939333 PMCID: PMC11208450 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1426638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Risk stratification and molecular targeting have been key to increasing cure rates for pediatric cancers in high-income countries. In contrast, precise diagnosis in low-resource settings is hindered by insufficient pathology infrastructure. The Global HOPE program aims to improve outcomes for pediatric cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by building local clinical care and diagnostic capacity. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing molecular assays to improve leukemia diagnoses in SSA. Custom NanoString nCounter gene fusion assays, previously validated in the US, were used to test samples from suspected leukemia patients. The NanoString platform was chosen due to relatively low cost, minimal technical and bioinformatics expertise required, ability to test sub-optimal RNA, and rapid turnaround time. Fusion results were analyzed blindly, then compared to morphology and flow cytometry results. Of 117 leukemia samples, 74 were fusion-positive, 30 were negative, 7 were not interpretable, and 6 failed RNA quality. Nine additional samples were negative for leukemia by flow cytometry and negative for gene fusions. All 74 gene fusions aligned with the immunophenotype determined by flow cytometry. Fourteen samples had additional information available to further confirm the accuracy of the gene fusion results. The testing provided a more precise diagnosis in >60% of cases, and 9 cases were identified that could be treated with an available tyrosine kinase inhibitor, if detected at diagnosis. As risk-stratified and targeted therapies become more available in SSA, implementing this testing in real-time will enable the treatment of pediatric cancer to move toward incorporating risk stratification for optimized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Gastier-Foster
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fredrick Lutwama
- Biomedical Research Centre, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Olive Mbabazi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven Mlenga
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation - Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Kennedy Ulaya
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation - Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Ruth Namazzi
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - E. Faith Hollingsworth
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dolores Lopez-Terrada
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kevin E. Fisher
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Angshumoy Roy
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carl E. Allen
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David G. Poplack
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rizine Mzikamanda
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation - Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Nmazuo Ozuah
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter Wasswa
- Global HOPE, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Jackman JM, Yibrehu B, Doyle A, Alatise OI, Wuraola FO, Olasehinde O, Peter Kingham T. Updates in global oncology: Advancements and future directions. J Surg Oncol 2024; 129:1374-1383. [PMID: 38624014 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death, and low- and middle-income countries bear most of the disease burden. While cancer is increasingly recognized as a major global health issue, more work remains. Understanding the status of global cancer care will shape the next steps in ensuring equitable global access to cancer care. This article highlights ongoing initiatives in global oncology and the next steps in advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Jackman
- Global Cancer Disparities Initiative, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Betel Yibrehu
- Global Cancer Disparities Initiative, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Doyle
- Global Cancer Disparities Initiative, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Caribbean Colon Cancer Initiative, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Olusegun Isaac Alatise
- Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Olalekan Olasehinde
- Surgery Department, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - T Peter Kingham
- Global Cancer Disparities Initiative, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Lu VM, Elarjani T, Niazi TN. Global, Regional, and National Incidence and Mortality Trends in Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors over the Past 2 Decades. World Neurosurg 2023; 179:e568-e574. [PMID: 37683927 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric tumors of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) are a worldwide issue with variances in epidemiology. How exactly incidence and mortality rates have changed over time has not been summarized. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to quantitively define the global, regional, and national epidemiological trends of these tumors. METHODS A retrospective review of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Database was performed incorporating data from 1999 to 2019. Global, regional, and national outcomes for pediatric CNS tumors were collected for incidence and mortality at a worldwide level, as well as across 7 continental regions, and then 204 countries and territories. RESULTS Globally, the latest incidence of pediatric CNS tumors was 47,600 (uncertainty interval, 36,500-55,200) at a rate of 1.8 (1.4-2.2) per 100,000, with 23,500 (18,000-27,500) deaths due to these tumors at a rate of 0.9 (0.7-1.1) per 100,000 population. Both rates per 100,000 have decreased over the past 2 decades. With respect to regions, East Asia and Pacific had the highest incidence and mortality cases overall, but in terms of rate per 100,000, North America and Latin America and Caribbean had the highest values, respectively. There were 3/7 (43%) and 6/7 (86%) regions with decreasing incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 over the past 2 decades. China, India, and Pakistan were the 3 countries with both the highest incidence and mortality cases overall; however, San Marino, Denmark, and Norway had the highest incidence rates per 100,000, and Albania, Armenia, and Haiti had the highest mortality rates per 100,000. In the past 2 decades, 79/204 (39%) and 120/204 (59%) countries observed decreasing incidence and mortality rates per 100,000, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric CNS tumors remains a worldwide issue, with there being multiple regions and countries worldwide that continue to experience uptrending incidence and mortality rates per 100,000. For both incidence and mortality, there is a clear discordance between regions and countries that report the highest number of cases versus the highest rate of cases per 100,000. Future research efforts are needed to identify positive intervention measures that respect the epidemiology of these tumors at global, regional, and national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Turki Elarjani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Toba N Niazi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
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7
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Cai XJ, Tang ZN, Liu YP, Wang X, Bai JY, Guo XW, Zhang HY, Zhang JY, Li TJ. Head and neck carcinoma in children: A clinicopathological study of 42 cases. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1486-1492. [PMID: 37799904 PMCID: PMC10548000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Cancer is an important part of the global burden of childhood diseases. Head and neck carcinoma in children is rare and related research is limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of childhood head and neck carcinoma. Materials and methods Forty-two cases of childhood head and neck carcinoma treated in our institution were reviewed and analyzed. Results Median age overall was 11 years. Twenty-three patients (54.8%) were male and 19 (45.2%) were female. Parotid gland location was most common (54.8%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were the most common histological types (57.1% and 11.9%, respectively). Two patients had a history of bone marrow transplantation and two had a history of odontogenic keratocyst. The recurrence rate after treatment was 8.6%. Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment and close follow-up of childhood head and neck carcinoma are warranted to prevent recurrence and improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jia Cai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, PR China
| | - Zu-Nan Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia-Ying Bai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wen Guo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - He-Yu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jian-Yun Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, PR China
| | - Tie-Jun Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, PR China
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Ren HM, Liao MQ, Tan SX, Cheng C, Zhu S, Zheng L, Ma JR, Mu YJ, Li WL, Zhang SW, OuYang RQ, Li SN, Cui YF, Ke XY, Luo ZY, Xiong P, Liu J, Li LP, Liang XF, Zeng FF, Su XF, Han LY. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cancer in Children Younger Than 5 Years, 1990-2019: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:910641. [PMID: 35801252 PMCID: PMC9255714 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.910641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the burden and variation trends of cancers in children under 5 years at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Epidemiological data for children under 5 years who were diagnosed with any one childhood cancer were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) from 1990 to 2019. The outcomes were the absolute numbers and rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for different types of cancer. RESULTS In 2019, 8,774,979.1 incident cases (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 6,243,599.2 to11,737,568.5) and 8,956,583.8 (6,446,323.9 to 12,364,520.8) prevalent cases of cancer in children under 5 years were identified worldwide; these cancers resulted in 44,451.6 (36,198.7 to 53,905.9) deaths and 3,918,014.8 (3,196,454.9 to 4,751,304.2) DALYs. From 1990 to 2019, although the numbers of incident and prevalent cases only decreased by -4.6% (-7.0 to -2.2) and -8.3% (-12.6 to -3.4), respectively, the numbers of deaths and DALYs clearly declined by -47.8% (-60.7 to -26.4) and -47.7% (-60.7 to -26.2), respectively. In 2019, the middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions had the highest incidence and prevalence, whereas the low SDI regions had the most mortality and DALYs. Although all of the SDI regions displayed a steady drop in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019, the low-middle and low SDI regions showed increasing trends of incidence and prevalence. Leukemia remained the most common cancer globally in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the burdens of leukemia, liver cancer, and Hodgkin's lymphoma declined, whereas the incidence and prevalence of other cancers grew, particularly testicular cancer. CONCLUSIONS The global childhood cancer burden in young children has been steadily decreasing over the past three decades. However, the burdens and other characteristics have varied across different regions and types of cancers. This highlights the need to reorient current treatment strategies and establish effective prevention methods to reduce the global burden of childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Min-Qi Liao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Si-Xian Tan
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Rong Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jun Mu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Lin Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Qing OuYang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Na Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cui
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Yao Ke
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Yan Luo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Fen Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Yuan Han
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Loehrer PJ, Carpten J, Gopal S, Shamley D. Strategies to Increase Participation of African Populations in Clinical Trials. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-6. [PMID: 35522911 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_356481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conducting clinical research in low- and middle-income countries is essential to address the global impact of cancer. In 2017, ASCO convened an Academic Global Oncology Task Force that recommended an increase in global oncology research to enhance the field of oncology through research and education. The emerging crisis of cancer in Africa demands a similar global commitment to workforce development, infrastructure building, and access to care that will provide a platform for impactful and relevant research efforts. In the words of the African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer, it is time to "transform cancer control in Africa through collaboration in education, research, (and) delivery of equitable and timely interventions to minimize the impact of cancer." Although there are some initiatives aimed at developing research capacity to host trials in Africa, there is now a need to establish strategic partnerships with the aim of achieving harmonized, accredited clinical trial units capable of running trials according to Good Clinical Practice standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Loehrer
- Center of Global Oncology and Health Equity, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - John Carpten
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Satish Gopal
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Delva Shamley
- Division of Clinical Anatomy and Biological Anthropology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Rees CA, Cooper L, Sonii-Koon H, Clymer JR, Niescierenko M. “I Want to be President of Liberia”: Reflections on Pediatric Cancer Management in West Africa. Glob Pediatr Health 2022; 9:2333794X221107828. [PMID: 36034675 PMCID: PMC9399715 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x221107828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris A. Rees
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lloyd Cooper
- United States Embassy-Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Hawa Sonii-Koon
- Department of Pediatrics, John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Jessica R. Clymer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Niescierenko
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Helligsoe ASL, Kenborg L, Henriksen LT, Udupi A, Hasle H, Winther JF. Incidence and survival of childhood central nervous system tumors in Denmark, 1997-2019. Cancer Med 2021; 11:245-256. [PMID: 34800006 PMCID: PMC8704152 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence rates in Denmark of central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain among the highest in the world. Survival rates, however, have improved in the past decades in high-income countries. METHODS We analyzed incidence and survival of childhood CNS tumors in Denmark diagnosed from 1997 to 2019 based on data from the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry and information on histological types, tumor localization, and treatment from medical records. RESULTS From 1997 to 2019, 949 children<15 years were diagnosed with a CNS tumor. Age-standardized incidence was 42.1 (95% CI, 39.4-44.6) per million person-years and stable during this period. Age-specific incidence for children aged 0-4 years was 47.7 per million. More than one-third (n = 374, 39.4%) were treated with surgery alone. Overall survival rates 5 and 10 years after diagnosis were 77.6% (95% CI, 74.7-80.2) and 74.7% (95% CI, 71.7-77.5). Five-year overall survival improved from 73.0% (95% CI, 68.9-76.7) in 1997-2008 to 83.2% (95% CI, 79.2-86.4) in 2009-2019 (p-value < 0.0001) in children aged 0-4 years (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSION Incidence rates are stable but remain among the highest in the world. Despite improved survival rates in recent years in younger children, some subtypes still have a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sophie Lind Helligsoe
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line Kenborg
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Tram Henriksen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aparna Udupi
- Biostatistical Advisory Service (BIAS), Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Falck Winther
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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