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Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Graber M, Pölzl L, Nägele F, Moling R, Esser H, Summerer B, Mellitzer V, Ebner S, Hirsch J, Schäfer G, Hackl H, Cardini B, Oberhuber R, Primavesi F, Öfner D, Bonaros N, Troppmair J, Grimm M, Schneeberger S, Holfeld J, Resch T. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates ischaemia/reperfusion injury after cardiac transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 57:826-835. [PMID: 32040169 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion during heart transplantation inevitably result in donor organ injury. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 is a pattern recognition receptor activated by viral and endogenous RNA released by injured cells. We hypothesized that ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to RNA release with subsequent TLR3 activation in transplanted hearts. METHODS Human endothelial cells were subjected to IRI and treated with TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid or a TLR3/double-stranded RNA complex inhibitor. TLR3 activation was analysed using reporter cells. Gene expression profiles were evaluated via next-generation sequencing. Neutrophil adhesion was assessed in vitro. Syngeneic heart transplantation of wild-type or Tlr3-/- mice was performed following 9 h of cold ischaemia. Hearts were analysed for inflammatory gene expression, cardiac damage, apoptosis and infiltrating leucocytes. RESULTS IRI resulted in RNA release with subsequent activation of TLR3. Treatment with a TLR3 inhibitor abrogated the inflammatory response upon IRI. In parallel, TLR3 stimulation caused activation of the inflammasome. Endothelial IRI resulted in TLR3-dependent adhesion of neutrophils. Tlr3-/- animals showed reduced intragraft and splenic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in decreased myocardial damage, apoptosis and infiltrating cells. Tlr3 deficiency protected from cardiac damage, apoptosis and leucocyte infiltration after cardiac transplantation. CONCLUSIONS We uncover the release of RNA by injured cells with subsequent activation of TLR3 as a crucial pathomechanism of IRI. Our data indicate that TLR3 represents a novel target in the prevention of IRI in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Graber
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leo Pölzl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Nägele
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rafael Moling
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannah Esser
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianca Summerer
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mellitzer
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Ebner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Hirsch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benno Cardini
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rupert Oberhuber
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Primavesi
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Öfner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Bonaros
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Resch
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Yan B, Min SJ, Xu B, Zhang C, Pei J, Zhang W, Luo GH. The protective effects of exogenous spermine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2051-2066. [PMID: 34159086 PMCID: PMC8185668 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the protective effects of exogenous spermine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods (I) Different doses of spermine were injected into rats to determine the safe dose on the kidneys. Kidney toxicity was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of kidney tissue and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) in the venous blood. (II) A rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury was established. Different doses of spermine were injected into the rats through the tail vein 30 minutes before and 3 days after the establishment of the model. Blood samples and kidney tissues were collected and renal injury was assessed via HE staining of the renal tissue, detection of apoptosis using the TUNEL assay, and detection of NGAL and KIM-1 in blood samples using ELISA. (III) Human HK-2 renal tubular epithelial cells were cultured under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. To evaluate the protective effects of spermine, apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The mechanisms underlying the effects of spermine were studied using Western blot analyses. Results At spermine concentrations below 200 µM (2 mL/kg body weight), no significant damage to the kidney was observed by HE staining, and there was no significant difference in NGAL and KIM-1 levels between rats treated with spermine and control rats (P<0.05). At spermine doses below 200 µM, HE staining showed that the degree of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury was gradually alleviated with increasing doses of spermine. TUNEL assays demonstrated that spermine reduced the apoptosis of renal tissue, and increasing doses of spermine gradually decreased the levels of NGAL and KIM-1 in the blood compared with the control group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that spermine increased the expression of pro-caspase9, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and cytochrome C compared to control cells. Conclusions Exogenous spermine exerted a protective effect on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yan
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao-Ju Min
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Pei
- Surgery Specialty, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang-Heng Luo
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Emmerich F, Zschiedrich S, Reichenbach-Braun C, Süsal C, Minguet S, Pauly MC, Seidl M. Low Pre-Transplant Caveolin-1 Serum Concentrations Are Associated with Acute Cellular Tubulointerstitial Rejection in Kidney Transplantation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092648. [PMID: 33946587 PMCID: PMC8125494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic transplant rejections due to alloreactivity are essential contributors to graft loss. However, the strength of alloreactivity is biased by non-immunological factors such as ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Accordingly, protection from IRI could be favorable in terms of limiting graft rejection. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is part of the cell membrane and an important regulator of intracellular signaling. Cav-1 has been demonstrated to limit IRI and to promote the survival of a variety of cell types including renal cells under stress conditions. Accordingly, Cav-1 could also play a role in limiting anti-graft immune responses. Here, we evaluated a possible association between pre-transplant serum concentrations of Cav-1 and the occurrence of rejection during follow-up in a pilot study. Therefore, Cav-1-serum concentrations were analyzed in 91 patients at the time of kidney transplantation and compared to the incidence of acute and chronic rejection. Higher Cav-1 levels were associated with lower occurrence of acute cellular tubulointerstitial rejection episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Emmerich
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.-B.); (M.-C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-34710
| | - Stefan Zschiedrich
- Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Solothurn, 4500 Solothurn, Switzerland;
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Reichenbach-Braun
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.-B.); (M.-C.P.)
| | - Caner Süsal
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Susana Minguet
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Pauly
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.-B.); (M.-C.P.)
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Tanaka S, Gauthier JM, Terada Y, Takahashi T, Li W, Hashimoto K, Higashikubo R, Hachem RR, Bharat A, Ritter JH, Nava RG, Puri V, Krupnick AS, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Bacterial products in donor airways prevent the induction of lung transplant tolerance. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:353-361. [PMID: 32786174 PMCID: PMC7775268 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although postoperative bacterial infections can trigger rejection of pulmonary allografts, the impact of bacterial colonization of donor grafts on alloimmune responses to transplanted lungs remains unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that bacterial products present within donor grafts at the time of implantation promote lung allograft rejection. Administration of the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist Pam3 Cys4 to Balb/c wild-type grafts triggered acute cellular rejection after transplantation into B6 wild-type recipients that received perioperative costimulatory blockade. Pam3 Cys4 -triggered rejection was associated with an expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD11c+ CD11bhi MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II+ antigen-presenting cells within the transplanted lungs. Rejection was prevented when lungs were transplanted into TLR2-deficient recipients but not when MyD88-deficient donors were used. Adoptive transfer of B6 wild-type monocytes, but not T cells, following transplantation into B6 TLR2-deficient recipients restored the ability of Pam3 Cys4 to trigger acute cellular rejection. Thus, we have demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by a bacterial lipopeptide within the donor airways prevents the induction of lung allograft tolerance through a process mediated by recipient-derived monocytes. Our work suggests that donor lungs harboring bacteria may precipitate an inflammatory response that can facilitate allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satona Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Yuriko Terada
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jon H. Ritter
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Ruben G. Nava
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Varun Puri
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO
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Zmonarski SC, Banasik M, Golebiowski T, Madziarska K, Mazanowska O, Myszka M, Zmonarska J, Letachowicz K, Dawiskiba T, Krajewska M. Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4) expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in renal transplant recipients with pre-transplant chronic interstitial nephritis indicates patients at risk of graft deterioration. Transpl Immunol 2020; 62:101319. [PMID: 32693120 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Data binding the expression of Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4ex), transplanted kidney function, and the cause of pre-transplant end-stage renal disease are scarcely available. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between pre-transplant chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN), TLR4ex and transplanted kidney function. MATERIALS AND METHODS TLR4ex was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 43 CIN kidney transplant recipients. We compared TLR4ex among 33 patients with pre-transplant chronic non-infectious interstitial nephritis (NIN) and 10 patients with pre-transplant chronic pyelonephritis (Py). At the beginning (Day-0) TLR4ex, as well as concentrations of cyclosporin A (CyA) and tacrolimus (TAC) were determined. Both CIN and NIN patients were divided according to the respective median of TLR4ex into groups of low-TLR4 expression (L-TLR4ex) and high-TLR4 expression (H-TLR4ex). Serum creatinine/glomerular filtration rate (sCr/EGFR) was assessed on Day-0 and after the follow-up (F-up). The magnitudes of sCr/EGFR change (ΔsCr/ΔEGFR) were evaluated. The treatment was maintained stable along the F-up period (median 11.9 months). RESULTS Day-0: in CIN with L-TLR4ex TAC was lower but sCr/EGFR were not different from H-TLR4ex; in Py TLR4ex and TAC were lower than in NIN with no difference in sCR/eGFR. After F-up: in CIN with L-TLR4ex sCR/EGFR and ΔsCr/ΔEGFR were worse than in H-TLR4ex; in Py sCR/EGFR and ΔsCr/ΔEGFR were worse than in NIN. The regression analysis points out prospective impact of Py and TLR4ex on sCR/eGFR and ΔsCr/ΔeGFR. CONCLUSION In CIN, both TLR4ex and Tac appear to be a useful positive predictor of the effectiveness of immunosuppression. Chronic pyelonephritis indirectly promotes faster progression of chronic transplanted kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir C Zmonarski
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Miroslaw Banasik
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Golebiowski
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Madziarska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Oktawia Mazanowska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Myszka
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Zmonarska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Letachowicz
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Dawiskiba
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Vascular, General and Transplant Surgery, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Krajewska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Son M, Oh S, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol from Ecklonia cava Attenuates Tubular Epithelial Cell (TCMK-1) Death in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E602. [PMID: 31652920 PMCID: PMC6891818 DOI: 10.3390/md17110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury causes serious complications after the blood supply to the kidney is stopped during surgery. The main mechanism of I/R injury is the release of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) from injured tubular epithelial cells (TEC, TCMK-1 cell), which triggers TLR4 or RAGE signaling, leading to cell death. We evaluated whether the extracts of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) would attenuate TEC death induced by H/R injury. We also evaluated which phlorotannin-dieckol (DK), phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFFA), pyrogallol phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), or 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PHB)-would have the most potent effect in the context of H/R injury. We used for pre-hypoxia treatment, in which the phlorotannins from E. cava extracts were added before the onset of hypoxia, and a post- hypoxia treatment, in which the phlorotannins were added before the start of reperfusion. PPB most effectively reduced HMGB1 release and the expression of TLR4 and RAGE induced by H/R injury in both pre- and post-hypoxia treatment. PPB also most effectively inhibited the expression of NF-kB and release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in both models. PPB most effectively inhibited cell death and expression of cell death signaling molecules such as Erk/pErk, JNK/pJNK, and p38/pp38. These results suggest that PPB blocks the HGMB1-TLR4/RAGE signaling pathway and decreases TEC death induced by H/R and that PPB can be a novel target for renal H/R injury therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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Ischemia-reperfusion injury in renal transplantation: 3 key signaling pathways in tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2019; 95:50-56. [PMID: 30606429 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant clinical challenge faced by clinicians perioperatively in kidney transplantation. Recent work has demonstrated the key importance of transmembrane receptors in the injured tubular epithelial cell, most notably Toll-like receptors, activated by exogenous and endogenous ligands in response to external and internal stresses. Through sequential protein-protein interactions, the signal is relayed deep into the core physiological machinery of the cell, having numerous effects from upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene products through to modulating mitochondrial respiration. Inter-pathway cross talk facilitates a co-ordinated response at an individual cellular level, as well as modulating the surrounding tissue's microenvironment through close interactions with the endothelium and circulating leukocytes. Defining the underlying cellular cascades involved in IRI will assist the identification of novel interventional targets to attenuate IRI with the potential to improve transplantation outcomes. We present a focused review of 3 key cellular signalling pathways in the injured tubular epithelial cell that have been the focus of much research over the past 2 decades: toll-like receptors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and hypoxia inducible factors. We provide a unique perspective on the potential clinical translations of this recent work in the transplant setting. This is particularly timely with the recent completion of phase I and ongoing phase 2 clinical trials of inhibitors targeting specific components of these signaling cascades.
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8
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Arctigenin: A two-edged sword in ischemia/reperfusion induced acute kidney injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1127-1136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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9
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Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:391-412. [PMID: 29730580 PMCID: PMC7106078 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited by multicellular organisms ranging from achordates to chordates (including humans). For example, cells of immune system express various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect danger via recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mount a specific immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of these PRRs expressed by various immune cells. However, they were first discovered in the Drosophila melanogaster (common fruit fly) as genes/proteins important in embryonic development and dorso-ventral body patterning/polarity. Till date, 13 different types of TLRs (TLR1-TLR13) have been discovered and described in mammals since the first discovery of TLR4 in humans in late 1997. This discovery of TLR4 in humans revolutionized the field of innate immunity and thus the immunology and host-pathogen interaction. Since then TLRs are found to be expressed on various immune cells and have been targeted for therapeutic drug development for various infectious and inflammatory diseases including cancer. Even, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among various TLR genes have been identified among the different human population and their association with susceptibility/resistance to certain infections and other inflammatory diseases. Thus, in the present review the current and future importance of TLRs in immunity, their pattern of expression among various immune cells along with TLR based therapeutic approach is reviewed. TLRs are first described PRRs that revolutionized the biology of host-pathogen interaction and immune response The discovery of different TLRs in humans proved milestone in the field of innate immunity and inflammation The pattern of expression of all the TLRs expressed by human immune cells An association of various TLR SNPs with different inflammatory diseases Currently available drugs or vaccines based on TLRs and their future in drug targeting along with the role in reproduction, and regeneration
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Hosseinzadeh M, Ahmadpoor P, Yekaninejad MS, Pourrezagholi F, Foroughi F, Ghorbanpour M, Barabadi M, Shahbaz SK, Solgi G, Amirzargar A. Expression patterns of Toll like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) in renal transplant patients developing allograft dysfunction; a cohort study. Transpl Immunol 2018; 48:26-31. [PMID: 29452169 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This cohort intends to determine the sequential dynamic changes in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, TLR-2, and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) mRNA expressions in PBMCs and biopsy samples from kidney allograft recipients in relation to graft function. This study enrolled 52 renal transplant patients, 27 with well functioning graft (WFG) and 25 graft dysfunction (GD). Peripheral blood samples pre- and post-transplantation (days 2, 90 and 180) were collected to analyze mRNA expression levels of TLR-2, TLR-4, and MYD88 genes in relation to allograft function during one-year follow up. The mean dynamic changes of post-transplant TLR-2, TLR-4, and MYD88 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in GD compared to WFG patients (P = .001). ROC curve analysis based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) index showed the area under curve (AUC) values for the genes: TLR-2(0.89;P < .001), TLR-4(0.86;P < .001), and MYD88(0.75;P = .003) in the third month post-transplantation for GD diagnosis. The calculated AUCs for the expressions of genes in allograft biopsies were 0.94(TLR-2), 0.95(TLR-4), and 0.98(MYD88) in the sixth month post-transplant based on pathology report (P < .001). Our results indicate that sequential monitoring of the expression patterns of TLR-2, TLR-4, and MYD88 in PBMCs and biopsy samples could be considered as predictive biomarkers for early and late kidney allograft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Pedram Ahmadpoor
- Department of Nephrology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourrezagholi
- Department of Nephrology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Foroughi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mina Ghorbanpour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Barabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz K Shahbaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Solgi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Molecular immunology research center, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Jane-Wit D, Fang C, Goldstein DR. Innate immune mechanisms in transplant allograft vasculopathy. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2017; 21:253-7. [PMID: 27077602 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allograft vasculopathy is the leading cause of late allograft loss following solid organ transplantation. Ischemia reperfusion injury and donor-specific antibody-induced complement activation confer heightened risk for allograft vasculopathy via numerous innate immune mechanisms, including MyD88, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and complement-induced noncanonical nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling. RECENT FINDINGS The role of MyD88, a signal adaptor downstream of the Toll-like receptors (TLR), has been defined in an experimental heart transplant model, which demonstrated that recipient MyD88 enhanced allograft vasculopathy. Importantly, triggering receptor on myeloid receptor 1, a MyD88 amplifying signal, was present in rejecting human cardiac transplant biopsies and enhanced the development of allograft vasculopathy in mice. HMGB1, a nuclear protein that activates Toll-like receptors, also enhanced the development of allograft vasculopathy. Complement activation elicits assembly of membrane attack complexes on endothelial cells which activate noncanonical NF-κB signaling, a novel complement effector pathway that induces proinflammatory genes and potentiates endothelial cell-mediated alloimmune T-cell activation, processes which enhance allograft vasculopathy. SUMMARY Innate immune mediators, including HMGB1, MyD88, and noncanonical NF-κB signaling via complement activation contribute to allograft vasculopathy. These pathways represent potential therapeutic targets to reduce allograft vasculopathy after solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jane-Wit
- aDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine bDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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12
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Deficiency Improves Short-term Renal Function but not Long-term Graft Survival in a Fully MHC-Mismatched Murine Model of Renal Allograft Transplantation. Transplantation 2017; 100:1219-27. [PMID: 27077596 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that absence of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) induced donor-specific kidney allograft tolerance. The upstream pathways of MyD88 that mediate this process, however, remain unclear. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an innate immune receptor that is dependent upon MyD88 for activity of its dominant signaling pathway. Here, we investigated the role of TLR4 in kidney allograft rejection using a fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched, life-sustaining, murine model of renal allograft rejection. METHODS Donor (BALB/c) and recipient (C57BL/6) mice either both deficient or sufficient for TLR4 underwent heterotopic renal allograft transplantation, with an additional group of mice receiving renal isografts as controls. Survival was assessed up to 100 days posttransplantation. Animals were also sacrificed 14 days posttransplantation for assessment of the acute allograft rejection response. RESULTS Both wild-type (WT) and TLR4 allografts showed inferior survival compared to isografts, with no difference in survival between the allograft groups. Serum creatinine was lower in TLR4 allografts at day 14 posttransplantation compared with WT allografts, but this was not sustained by day 100. At day 14 posttransplant, increased CD11c dendritic cell accumulation, expression of IL-2 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase were evident in TLR4 compared with WT allografts, whereas expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Acute kidney allograft rejection was modestly attenuated in TLR4 mice; however, long-term allograft survival and function were not affected in our model. Protection against acute rejection may involve increased accumulation of CD11c cells and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression.
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13
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Colvin MM, Smith CA, Tullius SG, Goldstein DR. Aging and the immune response to organ transplantation. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2523-2529. [PMID: 28504651 DOI: 10.1172/jci90601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of older people receive organ transplants for various end-stage conditions. Although organ transplantation is an effective therapy for older patients (i.e., older than 65 years of age), such as in end-stage renal disease, this therapy has not been optimized for older patients because of our lack of understanding of the effect of aging and the immune response to organ transplantation. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of aging on both the allograft and the recipient and its effect on the immune response to organ transplantation. We describe what has been determined to date, discuss existing gaps in our knowledge, and make suggestions on necessary future studies to optimize organ transplantation for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Colvin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Candice A Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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Prevention of allograft rejection in heart transplantation through concurrent gene silencing of TLR and Kinase signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33869. [PMID: 27659428 PMCID: PMC5034230 DOI: 10.1038/srep33869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act as initiators and conductors responsible for both innate and adaptive immune responses in organ transplantation. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the most critical signaling kinases that affects broad aspects of cellular functions including metabolism, growth, and survival. Recipients (BALB/c) were treated with MyD88, TRIF and mTOR siRNA vectors, 3 and 7 days prior to heart transplantation and 7, 14 and 21 days after transplantation. After siRNA treatment, recipients received a fully MHC-mismatched C57BL/6 heart. Treatment with mTOR siRNA significantly prolonged allograft survival in heart transplantation. Moreover, the combination of mTOR siRNA with MyD88 and TRIF siRNA further extended the allograft survival; Flow cytometric analysis showed an upregulation of FoxP3 expression in spleen lymphocytes and a concurrent downregulation of CD40, CD86 expression, upregulation of PD-L1 expression in splenic dendritic cells in MyD88, TRIF and mTOR treated mice. There is significantly upregulated T cell exhaustion in T cells isolated from tolerant recipients. This study is the first demonstration of preventing immune rejection of allogeneic heart grafts through concurrent gene silencing of TLR and kinase signaling pathways, highlighting the therapeutic potential of siRNA in clinical transplantation.
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15
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Zmonarski S, Kościelska-Kasprzak K, Banasik M, Myszka M, Żabińska M, Madziarska K, Mazanowska O, Krajewska M, Boratyńska M, Klinger M. Lowering of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Toll-Like Receptors 2-4,9 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Kidney Allograft Recipients, Relationships With Immunosuppressive Treatment, and Delayed Graft Function Occurrence. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1519-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Braza F, Brouard S, Chadban S, Goldstein DR. Role of TLRs and DAMPs in allograft inflammation and transplant outcomes. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:281-90. [PMID: 27026348 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graft inflammation impairs the induction of solid organ transplant tolerance and enhances acute and chronic rejection. Elucidating the mechanisms by which inflammation is induced after organ transplantation could lead to novel therapeutics to improve transplant outcomes. In this Review we describe endogenous substances--damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)--that are released after allograft reperfusion and induce inflammation. We also describe innate immune signalling pathways that are activated after solid organ transplantation, with a focus on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their signal adaptor, MYD88. Experimental and clinical studies have yielded a large body of evidence that TLRs and MYD88 are instrumental in initiating allograft inflammation and promoting the development of acute and chronic rejection. Ongoing clinical studies are testing TLR inhibition strategies in solid organ transplantation, although avoiding compromising host defence to pathogens is a key challenge. Further elucidation of the mechanisms by which sterile inflammation is induced, maintained and amplified within the allograft has the potential to lead to novel anti-inflammatory treatments that could improve outcomes for solid organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Braza
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sophie Brouard
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU de Nantes, ITUN, 30 Bd Jean Monnet Nantes F-44093, France
| | - Steve Chadban
- Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road Camperdown, NSW 2050, Sydney, Australia.,Kidney Node, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2093, Australia
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, 333 Cedar St, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06525, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, 300 Cedar St, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06525, USA
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17
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Wang H, Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang Q, Billiar TR. ADAR1 Suppresses the Activation of Cytosolic RNA-Sensing Signaling Pathways to Protect the Liver from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20248. [PMID: 26832817 PMCID: PMC4735287 DOI: 10.1038/srep20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation resulting from activation of the innate immune system significantly contributes to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Inflammatory reactions in both IRI and infections share the same signaling pathways evoked by danger/pathogen associated molecular pattern molecules. The cytosolic retinoid-inducible gene I(RIG-I)-like RNA receptor (RLR) RNA sensing pathway mediates type I IFN production during viral infection and the sensing of viral RNA is regulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1). Using a model of liver IRI, we provide evidence that ADAR1 also regulates cytosolic RNA-sensing pathways in the setting of ischemic stress. Suppression of ADAR1 significantly enhanced inflammation and liver damage following IRI, which was accompanied by significant increases in type I IFN through cytosolic RNA-sensing pathways. In addition, knocking ADAR1 down in hepatocytes exaggerates inflammatory signaling to dsRNA or endotoxin and results in over production of type I IFN, which could be abolished by the interruption of RIG-I. Therefore, we identified a novel ADAR1-dependent protective contribution through which hepatocytes guard against aberrant cytosolic RLR-RNA-sensing pathway mediated inflammatory reaction in response to acute liver IR. ADAR1 protects against over activation of viral RNA-sensing pathways in non-infectious tissue stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- F1281 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop St, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.,Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liyong Zhang
- F1281 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop St, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qingde Wang
- F1281 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop St, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.,Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China 410083
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- F1281 UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop St, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
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18
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Dioscin attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway via up-regulation of HSP70. Pharmacol Res 2015; 100:341-52. [PMID: 26348276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the effect of dioscin against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. However, little is known concerning the role of dioscin in renal IRI. In the present study, rats were subjected to IRI and dioscin was intragastrically administered for seven consecutive days before surgery. In vitro models of hypoxia/reoxygenation were developed in NRK-52E and HK-2 cells, which were prophylactically treated with or without dioscin. The results showed that dioscin significantly decreased serum BUN and Cr levels, and markedly attenuated cell injury. Mechanistic studies showed that dioscin significantly increased HSP70 levels, decreased the levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, COX-2, JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and HMGB1, and subsequently decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1 and IFN-γ. Moreover, HSP70 siRNA or TLR4 DNA reversed the nephroprotective effects of dioscin, while dioscin still significantly down-regulated the TLR4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, by inhibiting MyD88 with ST2825 (a MyD88 inhibitor), renal IRI was significantly attenuated, suggesting that the effect of dioscin against renal IRI depended on MyD88. Our results suggested that dioscin had a potent effect against renal IRI through suppressing the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway by up-regulating HSP70. These data provide new insights for investigating the natural product with the nephroprotective effect against IRI, which should be developed as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute kidney injury in the future.
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19
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Shen H, Heuzey E, Mori DN, Wong CK, Colangelo CM, Chung LM, Bruce C, Slizovskiy IB, Booth CJ, Kreisel D, Goldstein DR. Haptoglobin enhances cardiac transplant rejection. Circ Res 2015; 116:1670-9. [PMID: 25801896 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Early graft inflammation enhances both acute and chronic rejection of heart transplants, but it is unclear how this inflammation is initiated. OBJECTIVE To identify specific inflammatory modulators and determine their underlying molecular mechanisms after cardiac transplantation. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a murine heterotopic cardiac transplant model to identify inflammatory modulators of early graft inflammation. Unbiased mass spectrometric analysis of cardiac tissue before and ≤72 hours after transplantation revealed that 22 proteins including haptoglobin, a known antioxidant, are significantly upregulated in our grafts. Through the use of haptoglobin-deficient mice, we show that 80% of haptoglobin-deficient recipients treated with perioperative administration of the costimulatory blocking agent CTLA4 immunoglobulin exhibited >100-day survival of full major histocompatibility complex mismatched allografts, whereas all similarly treated wild-type recipients rejected their transplants by 21 days after transplantation. We found that haptoglobin modifies the intra-allograft inflammatory milieu by enhancing levels of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and the chemokine MIP-2 (macrophage inflammatory protein 2) but impair levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10. Haptoglobin also enhances dendritic cell graft recruitment and augments antidonor T-cell responses. Moreover, we confirmed that the protein is present in human cardiac allograft specimens undergoing acute graft rejection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of inflammation after cardiac transplantation and suggest that, in contrast to its prior reported antioxidant function in vascular inflammation, haptoglobin is an enhancer of inflammation after cardiac transplantation. Haptoglobin may also be a key component in other sterile inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Elizabeth Heuzey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Daniel N Mori
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Christine K Wong
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Christopher M Colangelo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Lisa M Chung
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Can Bruce
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Ilya B Slizovskiy
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Carmen J Booth
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (H.S., E.H., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), Department of Immunobiology (H.S., D.N.M., C.K.W., D.R.G.), W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory (C.M.C., L.M.C.), Center for Medical Informatics (C.B.), and Section of Comparative Medicine (I.B.S., C.J.B.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Sciomix, Woodbridge, CT (C.B.); Department of Surgery (D.K.) and Department of Immunology (D.K.), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
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20
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Kwan T, Wu H, Chadban SJ. Macrophages in renal transplantation: Roles and therapeutic implications. Cell Immunol 2014; 291:58-64. [PMID: 24973994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of macrophages within transplanted renal allografts has been appreciated for some time, whereby macrophages were viewed primarily as participants in the process of cell-mediated allograft rejection. Recent insights into macrophage biology have greatly expanded our conceptual understanding of the multiple roles of macrophages within the allograft. Distinct macrophage subsets are present within the kidney and these sub-serve discrete functions in promoting and attenuating inflammation, immune modulation and tissue repair. Unraveling the complex roles macrophages play in transplantation will allow identification of potential therapeutic targets to prevent and treat allograft rejection and maximize graft longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Kwan
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Huiling Wu
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven J Chadban
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Collaborative Transplant Research Group, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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