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Geng H, Chen L, Lv S, Li M, Huang X, Li M, Liu C, Liu C. Photochemically Controlled Release of the Glucose Transporter 1 Inhibitor for Glucose Deprivation Responses and Cancer Suppression Research. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:653-662. [PMID: 38170682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells need a greater supply of glucose mainly due to their aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. Glucose transport by glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is the rate-limiting step for glucose uptake, making it a potential cancer therapeutic target. However, GLUT1 is widely expressed and performs crucial functions in a variety of cells, and its indiscriminate inhibition will cause serious side effects. In this study, we designed and synthesized a photocaged GLUT1 inhibitor WZB117-PPG to suppress the growth of cancer cells in a spatiotemporally controllable manner. WZB117-PPG exhibited remarkable photolysis efficiency and substantial cytotoxicity toward cancer cells under visible light illumination with minimal side effects, ensuring its safety as a potential cancer therapy. Furthermore, our quantitative proteomics data delineated a comprehensive portrait of responses in cancer cells under glucose deprivation, underlining the mechanism of cell death via necrosis rather than apoptosis. We reason that our study provides a potentially reliable cancer treatment strategy and can be used as a spatiotemporally controllable trigger for studying nutrient deprivation-related stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Linfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - ShuWen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mengzhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Suades A, Qureshi A, McComas SE, Coinçon M, Rudling A, Chatzikyriakidou Y, Landreh M, Carlsson J, Drew D. Establishing mammalian GLUT kinetics and lipid composition influences in a reconstituted-liposome system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4070. [PMID: 37429918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are essential for organism-wide glucose homeostasis in mammals, and their dysfunction is associated with numerous diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. Despite structural advances, transport assays using purified GLUTs have proven to be difficult to implement, hampering deeper mechanistic insights. Here, we have optimized a transport assay in liposomes for the fructose-specific isoform GLUT5. By combining lipidomic analysis with native MS and thermal-shift assays, we replicate the GLUT5 transport activities seen in crude lipids using a small number of synthetic lipids. We conclude that GLUT5 is only active under a specific range of membrane fluidity, and that human GLUT1-4 prefers a similar lipid composition to GLUT5. Although GLUT3 is designated as the high-affinity glucose transporter, in vitro D-glucose kinetics demonstrates that GLUT1 and GLUT3 actually have a similar KM, but GLUT3 has a higher turnover. Interestingly, GLUT4 has a high KM for D-glucose and yet a very slow turnover, which may have evolved to ensure uptake regulation by insulin-dependent trafficking. Overall, we outline a much-needed transport assay for measuring GLUT kinetics and our analysis implies that high-levels of free fatty acid in membranes, as found in those suffering from metabolic disorders, could directly impair glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Suades
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius v. 16c, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aziz Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius v. 16c, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah E McComas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius v. 16c, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Coinçon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius v. 16c, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel Rudling
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yurie Chatzikyriakidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius v. 16c, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Landreh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Drew
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius v. 16c, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Farhadi A, Namdari S, Chong PP, Geramizadeh B, Behzad-Behbahani A, Sekawi Z, Sharifzadeh S. Epstein-Barr virus infection is associated with the nuclear factor-kappa B p65 signaling pathway in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Urol 2022; 22:17. [PMID: 35130882 PMCID: PMC8822771 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few studies regarding viral involvement in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The aim of this study was to examine the possible association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection with clinicopathological features and cellular biomarkers including p53, p16INK4a, Ki-67 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in RCC tumors. METHODS In this prospective study, 122 histologically confirmed Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded RCC tissue specimens along with 96 specimens of their corresponding peritumoral tissues and 23 samples of blunt renal injuries were subjected to nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in order to amplify EBV DNA sequences. The expression of p53, p16INK4a, Ki-67 and NF-κB was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Statistical analysis was employed to demonstrate the possible associations. RESULTS Infection with EBV was found to be significantly associated with RCC. Our results indicate that p65 NF-κB signaling pathway is probably involved in EBV-mediated RCC pathogenesis. Moreover, we found p53, Ki-67 and cytoplasmic NF-κB expression to be associated with tumor nuclear grade in RCC patients. The expression of p53 and Ki-67 was associated with primary tumor category as well. In addition, p53 overexpression was significantly more frequent among nonconventional RCC tumors than the conventional histologic type. CONCLUSIONS Infection with EBV is likely to play an important role in the development of RCC through the constitutive and permanent activation of NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. However, more experiments and supporting data are required to reach a decisive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farhadi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sepide Namdari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Behzad-Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zamberi Sekawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sedigheh Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Bang S, Jee S, Son H, Wi YC, Kim H, Park H, Myung J, Shin SJ, Paik SS. Loss of DUSP4 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101939. [PMID: 34679636 PMCID: PMC8534388 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a negative regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinases. The prognostic impact of DUSP4 expression in renal cell carcinoma is not well studied. Therefore, we evaluated the clinicopathological implications of DUSP4 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by performing immunohistochemistry (IHC). The clinical outcome according to DUSP4 expression was evaluated through survival analyses, and the association between mRNA expression and prognosis was confirmed by online analysis (Kaplan-Meier plotter). Loss of DUSP4 expression was noted in most histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Loss of DUSP4 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma was significantly correlated with old age (p = 0.033), high histologic grade (p < 0.001), tumor necrosis (p < 0.001), and high pT category (p < 0.001). In survival analysis, loss of DUSP4 expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.010 and p = 0.007, respectively). Upon TCGA data analysis, patients with low DUSP4 mRNA expression showed a shorter overall survival (p = 0.023). These results suggest that loss of DUSP4 expression can be used as a potential biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsik Bang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Seungyun Jee
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Hwangkyu Son
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Young Chan Wi
- Department of Pathology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea;
| | - Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Hosub Park
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Jaekyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (S.B.); (S.J.); (H.S.); (H.K.); (H.P.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-2220-8960
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Low Entropy Sub-Networks Prevent the Integration of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Data. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22111238. [PMID: 33287006 PMCID: PMC7712986 DOI: 10.3390/e22111238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The constantly and rapidly increasing amount of the biological data gained from many different high-throughput experiments opens up new possibilities for data- and model-driven inference. Yet, alongside, emerges a problem of risks related to data integration techniques. The latter are not so widely taken account of. Especially, the approaches based on the flux balance analysis (FBA) are sensitive to the structure of a metabolic network for which the low-entropy clusters can prevent the inference from the activity of the metabolic reactions. In the following article, we set forth problems that may arise during the integration of metabolomic data with gene expression datasets. We analyze common pitfalls, provide their possible solutions, and exemplify them by a case study of the renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Using the proposed approach we provide a metabolic description of the known morphological RCC subtypes and suggest a possible existence of the poor-prognosis cluster of patients, which are commonly characterized by the low activity of the drug transporting enzymes crucial in the chemotherapy. This discovery suits and extends the already known poor-prognosis characteristics of RCC. Finally, the goal of this work is also to point out the problem that arises from the integration of high-throughput data with the inherently nonuniform, manually curated low-throughput data. In such cases, the over-represented information may potentially overshadow the non-trivial discoveries.
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Hutterer GC, Posch F, Buser L, Zigeuner R, Morshäuser L, Otto W, Wild PJ, Burger M, May M, Pichler M, Brookman-May SD. BioScore (B7-H1, survivin, and Ki-67) does not predict cancer-specific mortality in surgically treated patients with renal cell carcinoma: An external validation study. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:510-518. [PMID: 31060796 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To externally validate' BioScore', a biomarker-based scoring system using immunohistochemical tumor expression levels of B7-H1, survivin, and Ki-67, in a single-center cohort of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Additionally, we investigated the potential benefit of BioScore as compared to the Mayo Clinic stage, size, grade, and necrosis (SSIGN) score. MATERIALS AND METHODS The validation cohort comprised 393 nonmetastatic RCC patients treated with radical nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery from 1999 to 2004. Kaplan-Meier estimators, the log-rank test, uni- and multivariable Cox regression models, and measures of discrimination were used to quantify the prognostic performance of BioScore regarding cancer-specific mortality (CSM). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 69/132 (52%) deaths were adjudicated to progressive disease. BioScore was weakly associated with CSM in univariable analysis (hazard ratio per 1 point increase = 1.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.23, P = 0.023). However, this association did not prevail after adjusting for other adverse prognostic factors as represented by the SSIGN score. The discriminative performance of BioScore was very modest (Harrell's C-Index = 0.60) and did not improve the SSIGN score (P = 0.341), which already showed an excellent discrimination, as evidenced by Harrell's C-Index of 0.81. In a sensitivity analysis regarding clear cell RCC patients only, B7-H1 positivity did not emerge as a statistically significant predictor of CSM. CONCLUSION Although a higher BioScore was significantly associated with a higher CSM, the magnitude of this association was weak and not independent from other prognosticators. Moreover, BioScore did not improve the prognostic accuracy of the SSIGN score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Florian Posch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lorenz Buser
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Zigeuner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Morshäuser
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Wild
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias May
- Department of Urology, St. Elisabeth-Hospital Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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A Glimpse of Membrane Transport through Structures—Advances in the Structural Biology of the GLUT Glucose Transporters. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2710-2725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Na N, Li H, Xu C, Miao B, Hong L, Huang Z, Jiang Q. High expression of Aldolase A predicts poor survival in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:279-285. [PMID: 28280347 PMCID: PMC5338975 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldolase A (ALDOA) is a glycolytic enzyme that drives the glycolytic metabolic pathway in mammalian cells. The overexpression of ALDOA was observed in a variety of cancers including clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, little was known about the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of ALDOA in ccRCC patients. Methods The expression of ALDOA was detected using immunohistochemical staining in 162 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ccRCC sections. Prognostic outcomes correlated with ALDOA were examined using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results In patients with ccRCC, increased cytoplasmic ALDOA expression was positively associated with tumor size (P=0.021), TNM stages (P=0.034), lymph node metastasis (P=0.020), and overall survival (OS) (P<0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high cytoplasmic expression of ALDOA was associated with a statistically significant lower OS (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ALDOA expression was an independent and significant prognostic factor (HR =3.561, 95% CI =1.715–7.396, P=0.001). ALDOA expression was not associated with significant prognostic deference in the subgroups of TNM stage I patients or pT1 patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that ALDOA expression is an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Na
- Department of Kidney Transplantation
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation
| | - Chengfang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Genecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Bin Miao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation
| | | | | | - Qiu Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Muratori L, Petroni G, Antonuzzo L, Boni L, Iorio J, Lastraioli E, Bartoli G, Messerini L, Di Costanzo F, Arcangeli A. hERG1 positivity and Glut-1 negativity identifies high-risk TNM stage I and II colorectal cancer patients, regardless of adjuvant chemotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6325-6332. [PMID: 27789963 PMCID: PMC5072508 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) with high risk of progression is one major clinical challenge, mainly due to lack of validated biomarkers. The aims of the present study were to analyze the prognostic impact of three molecular markers belonging to the ion channels and transporters family: the ether-à-go-go-related gene 1 (hERG1) and the calcium-activated KCa3.1 potassium channels, as well as the glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1); and to define the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in conjunction with the abovementioned biomarkers, in a cohort of radically resected stage I-III CRC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expressions of hERG1, KCa3.1, and Glut-1 were tested by immunohistochemistry on 162 surgical samples of nonmetastatic, stage I-III CRC patients. The median follow-up was 32 months. The association between biological markers, clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes was investigated by evaluating both disease-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS Although no prognostic valence emerged for KCa3.1, evidence of a negative impact of hERG1 expression on survival outcomes was provided. On the contrary, Glut-1 expression had a positive impact. According to the results of the multivariate analysis, patients were stratified in four risk groups, based on TNM stage and hERG1/Glut-1 expression. After adjusting for adjuvant therapy, stage I and II, Glut-1-negative, and hERG1-positive patients showed the worst survival experience. CONCLUSION This study strongly indicates that the combination of hERG1 positivity and Glut-1 negativity behaves as a prognostic biomarker in radically resected CRC patients. This combination identifies a group of stage I and II CRC patients with a bad prognosis, even worse than that of stage III patients, regardless of adjuvant therapy accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Muratori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena
| | - Luca Boni
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Jessica Iorio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena
| | - Elena Lastraioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | - Gianluca Bartoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | - Luca Messerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
| | | | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence
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Deng D, Yan N. GLUT, SGLT, and SWEET: Structural and mechanistic investigations of the glucose transporters. Protein Sci 2016; 25:546-58. [PMID: 26650681 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the primary fuel to life on earth. Cellular uptake of glucose is a fundamental process for metabolism, growth, and homeostasis. Three families of secondary glucose transporters have been identified in human, including the major facilitator superfamily glucose facilitators GLUTs, the sodium-driven glucose symporters SGLTs, and the recently identified SWEETs. Structures of representative members or their prokaryotic homologs of all three families were obtained. This review focuses on the recent advances in the structural elucidation of the glucose transporters and the mechanistic insights derived from these structures, including the molecular basis for substrate recognition, alternating access, and stoichiometric coupling of co-transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Safaei HR, Rostamzadeh A, Rahmani O, Mohammadi M, Ghaderi O, Yahaghi H, Ahmadi K. Prognostic investigations of B7-H1 and B7-H4 expression levels as independent predictor markers of renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7583-7. [PMID: 26687644 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the correlation of B7-H4 and B7-H1 with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we analyzed B7-H1 and B7-H4 expressions and their clinical significance by immunohistochemical method. Our result indicated that B7-H4-positive staining was detected in 58.13 % of RCC tissues (25 tissues tumors), and there were 18 tissues of patients without detectable B7-H4. Furthermore, 21 cases (48.83 %) were B7-H1-positive. Positive tumor expressions of B7-H4 and B7-H1 were markedly related to advanced TNM stage (P = 0.001; P = 0.014), high grade (P = 0.001; P = 002), and larger tumor size (P = 0.002; P = 024) in RCC tissues than patients with B7-H4-negative and B7-H1-negative in RCC tissues. The patients with B7-H1 and B7-H4-positive expressions were found to be markedly correlated with the overall survival of the patients (P < 0.05) and tended to have an increased risk of death when compared with negative expression groups. Univariate analysis showed that B7-H4 and B7-H1 expressions, TNM stage, high grade, and tumor size were significantly related to the prognosis of RCC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that B7-H4 and B7-H1 expressions decreased overall survival. The adjusted HR for B7-H1 was 2.83 (95 % CI 1.210-2.971; P = 0.031) and also was 2.918 (95 % CI 1.243-3.102; P = 0.006) for B7-H4 that showed these markers were independent prognostic factors in RCC patients. The expressions of B7-H1 and B7-H4 in RCC patients indicate that these markers may be as a predictor of tumor development and death risk. Further investigations can be helpful to confirm B7-H1 and B7-H4 roles as an independent predictor of clinical RCC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Safaei
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayoob Rostamzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Omid Rahmani
- Department of Pathology, Be'sat Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Omar Ghaderi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Yahaghi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koroosh Ahmadi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Jäger W, Thomas C, Fazli L, Hurtado-Coll A, Li E, Janssen C, Gust KM, So AI, Hainz M, Schmidtmann I, Roos FC, Thüroff JW, Brenner W, Black PC. DHH is an independent prognosticator of oncologic outcome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2014; 192:1842-8. [PMID: 25046620 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant HH signaling has proved important in the pathogenesis of several solid cancers. Limited in vitro analyses suggested an oncogenic role for HH in renal cell carcinoma. In this explorative study we sought to validate aberrant HH expression in patients with renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tissue microarray was constructed from 140 radical nephrectomy specimens of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We performed immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and HH pathway biomarkers, including PTCH1, Smo, SHH, IHH, DHH, Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3. Staining intensity was measured by automated image processing and related to tumor stage and grade. The impact of biomarker expression on cancer specific survival was determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Gli3, PTCH1, DHH and SHH demonstrated markedly higher expression in high than in low grade tumors. Tumor stage was not associated with marker expression. On univariate analysis DHH expression, and tumor grade and stage were associated with cancer specific survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that DHH, grade and stage were independent predictors of cancer specific survival. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge we report for the first time that a biomarker of the HH pathway is associated with adverse pathological features and poor disease outcomes in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. DHH may serve as an independent predictor of cancer specific survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cases. This supports further evaluation of HH signaling to validate the pathway as a target for novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jäger
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonio Hurtado-Coll
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Estelle Li
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudia Janssen
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kilian M Gust
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alan I So
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Hainz
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik C Roos
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim W Thüroff
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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13
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Deng D, Xu C, Sun P, Wu J, Yan C, Hu M, Yan N. Crystal structure of the human glucose transporter GLUT1. Nature 2014; 510:121-5. [PMID: 24847886 DOI: 10.1038/nature13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The glucose transporter GLUT1 catalyses facilitative diffusion of glucose into erythrocytes and is responsible for glucose supply to the brain and other organs. Dysfunctional mutations may lead to GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, whereas overexpression of GLUT1 is a prognostic indicator for cancer. Despite decades of investigation, the structure of GLUT1 remains unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of human GLUT1 at 3.2 Å resolution. The full-length protein, which has a canonical major facilitator superfamily fold, is captured in an inward-open conformation. This structure allows accurate mapping and potential mechanistic interpretation of disease-associated mutations in GLUT1. Structure-based analysis of these mutations provides an insight into the alternating access mechanism of GLUT1 and other members of the sugar porter subfamily. Structural comparison of the uniporter GLUT1 with its bacterial homologue XylE, a proton-coupled xylose symporter, allows examination of the transport mechanisms of both passive facilitators and active transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Deng
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [3] Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [4]
| | - Chao Xu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [3] Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [4]
| | - Pengcheng Sun
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [3]
| | - Jianping Wu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [3] Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [4]
| | - Chuangye Yan
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingxu Hu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [3] Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [2] Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [3] Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Zhang N, Wu P, Shayiremu D, Wu L, Shan H, Ye L, Zhao X, Cai J, Jiang WG, Gong K, Yang Y. Suppression of renal cell carcinoma growth in vivo by forced expression of vascular endothelial growth inhibitor. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1664-73. [PMID: 23545578 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) has been associated with tumor-related vasculature in certain malignancies. However, its implication in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), an angiogenesis-dependent tumor, remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role played by VEGI in RCC. The expression of VEGI was examined in human renal tissue and RCC cell lines using immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR, respectively. The biological impact of modifying the expression of VEGI in RCC cells was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. We show that VEGI mRNA is expressed in a wide variety of human RCC cell lines, all of normal renal and most of RCC tissue specimens. VEGI protein expression was observed in normal renal tubular epithelial cells, but was decreased or absent in RCC specimens, particularly in tumors with high grade. Moreover, forced expression of VEGI led to an inhibition of vascular endothelial tube formation, decrease in the motility and adhesion of RCC cells in vitro. Interestingly, forced expression of VEGI had no bearing on growth, apoptosis and invasive capacity of RCC cells. However, tumor growth was reduced in xenograft models. Immunohistochemical staining showed that microvessel density decreased in VEGI forced expression xenograft tumor samples. Taken together, our findings showed that the expression of VEGI is decreased in RCC, particularly in tumors with higher grade. Together with its inhibitory effect on cellular motility, adhesion, vascular endothelial tube formation and tumor growth in vivo, this suggests that VEGI functions mainly through inhibition of angiogenesis and is a negative regulator of aggressiveness during the development and progression of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
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15
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Endo K, Shackelford J, Aga M, Yoshizaki T, Pagano JS. Upregulation of special AT-rich-binding protein 1 by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 in human nasopharyngeal cells and nasopharyngeal cancer. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:507-513. [PMID: 23223620 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.046243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A global regulator of chromatin remodelling and gene expression, special AT-rich-binding protein 1 (SATB1) has been implicated in promotion of growth and metastasis of a number of cancers. Here, we demonstrate that the principal oncogene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) upregulates SATB1 RNA and protein expression in human nasopharyngeal cell lines. Silencing of endogenously expressed SATB1 with specific short hairpin RNA decreases cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal. Additionally, we provide evidence that LMP1-mediated expression of Survivin, a multifunctional protein involved in promoting cell growth and survival, is mediated at least in part by SATB1 in human nasopharyngeal cells. Finally, we show that SATB1 protein levels are elevated in tissue samples from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and are directly correlated with the expression of LMP1. Taken together, our results suggest that SATB1 functions as a pro-metastatic effector of LMP1 signalling in EBV-positive NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhira Endo
- Division of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Julia Shackelford
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Mitsuharu Aga
- Division of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Division of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Joseph S Pagano
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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16
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Vaz CV, Alves MG, Marques R, Moreira PI, Oliveira PF, Maia CJ, Socorro S. Androgen-responsive and nonresponsive prostate cancer cells present a distinct glycolytic metabolism profile. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:2077-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Tousi F, Bones J, Iliopoulos O, Hancock WS, Hincapie M. Multidimensional liquid chromatography platform for profiling alterations of clusterin N-glycosylation in the plasma of patients with renal cell carcinoma. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:121-8. [PMID: 22885037 PMCID: PMC4392643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification of potential changes in the glycosylation of existing cancer biomarkers can result in a higher level of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Clusterin (Apolipoprotein J) has been implicated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and other types of malignancy as potential biomarker. In the present work, an automated multi-dimensional HPLC platform enabling high throughput affinity enrichment of clusterin from plasma samples was developed. Integrated with two dimensional gel electrophoresis, high purity clusterin in microgram quantities suitable for glycan characterization was isolated. The analytical platform was applied to study clusterin glycosylation in a small group of RCC patients before and after nephrectopy as a pilot study to evaluate the performance of the platform. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the levels of a bi-antennary digalactosyl disialylated (A2G2S(3)2) glycans while the levels of a core fucosylated bi-antennary digalactosyl disialylated glycan (FA2G2S(6)2) and a tri-antennary trigalactosyl disialylated glycan (A3G3S(6)2) were increased in the post-surgery plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tousi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - William S. Hancock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Marina Hincapie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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18
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Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors have a multifaceted role in tumor biology and are implicated in nearly all aspects of cancer growth, survival and dissemination. Modulation of the interaction between chemokines and their cell surface receptor is, therefore, a promising area for the development of new cancer medicines. In this review, we look at the compelling evidence that is emerging to support targeting CXC chemokines, also known as family α chemokines, as novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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19
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IRF1 suppresses Ki-67 promoter activity through interfering with Sp1 activation. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:2217-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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20
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Welsh SJ, Janowitz T, Eisen T. The future of adjuvant therapy for renal cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/cpr.12.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Hrouda D, Lienert A. The role of laparoscopy and robotic surgery in the management of small renal masses. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 12:799-810. [PMID: 22716496 DOI: 10.1586/era.12.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased utilization of cross-sectional abdominal imaging has led to a significant increase in the incidence of small renal masses. There is a growing body of literature suggesting that these lesions have a low malignant potential, thus supporting surveillance as a therapeutic option, particularly in the elderly population. Over the last decade, there has been an explosion of minimally invasive techniques for managing these lesions, including laparoscopic nephrectomy, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, cryotherapy, radiofrequency ablation and, more recently, robotic-assisted surgery. The aim of this article is to review recent literature and assess the role of laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery in the management of small renal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hrouda
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK.
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22
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hERG1 Channels and Glut-1 as Independent Prognostic Indicators of Worse Outcome in Stage I and II Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Study. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:105-12. [PMID: 22496927 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to identify new markers to assess recurrence risk in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We explored the prognostic impact of ether-a-gò-gò-related gene 1 channels and some hypoxia markers, in patients with nonmetastatic (stage I, II, and III) CRC. METHODS The expression of hERG1, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), glucose transporter 1, carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), and p53 was tested by immunohistochemistry in 135 patients. The median follow-up was 35 months. Clinicopathologic parameters and overall survival were evaluated. RESULTS hERG1 displayed a statistically significant association with Glut-1, VEGF-A, CA-IX, and EGF-R; p53 with VEGF-A and CA-IX; Glut-1 with the age of the patients; and EGF-R with TNM and mucin content. TNM and CA-IX were prognostic factors at the univariate analysis; TNM, hERG1, and Glut-1, at the multivariate analysis. Risk scores calculated from the final multivariate model allowed to stratify patients into four different risk groups: A) stage I-II, Glut-1 positivity, any hERG1; B) stage I-II, Glut-1 and hERG1 negativity; C) stage I-II, Glut-1 negativity, hERG1 positivity; D) stage III, any Glut-1 and any hERG1. CONCLUSIONS hERG1 positivity with Glut-1 negativity identifies a patient group with poor prognosis within stage I-II CRC. The possibility that these patients might benefit from adjuvant therapy, independently from the TNM stage, is discussed. IMPACT More robust prognostic and predictive markers, supplementing standard clinical and pathologic staging, are needed for node-negative patients.
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23
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Kuo SM, Burl LR, Hu Z. Cellular phenotype-dependent and -independent effects of vitamin C on the renewal and gene expression of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32957. [PMID: 22427916 PMCID: PMC3302785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C has been shown to delay the cellular senescence and was considered a candidate for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. To understand the reported contrasting roles of vitamin C: growth-promoting in the primary cells and growth-inhibiting in cancer cells, primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and their isogenic spontaneously immortalized fibroblasts with unlimited cell division potential were used as the model pair. We used microarray gene expression profiling to show that the immortalized MEF possess human cancer gene expression fingerprints including a pattern of up-regulation of inflammatory response-related genes. Using the MEF model, we found that a physiological treatment level of vitamin C (10−5 M), but not other unrelated antioxidants, enhanced cell growth. The growth-promoting effect was associated with a pattern of enhanced expression of cell cycle- and cell division-related genes in both primary and immortalized cells. In the immortalized MEF, physiological treatment levels of vitamin C also enhanced the expression of immortalization-associated genes including a down-regulation of genes in the extracellular matrix functional category. In contrast, confocal immunofluorescence imaging of the primary MEF suggested an increase in collagen IV protein upon vitamin C treatment. Similar to the cancer cells, the growth-inhibitory effect of the redox-active form of vitamin C was preferentially observed in immortalized MEF. All effects of vitamin C required its intracellular presence since the transporter-deficient SVCT2−/− MEF did not respond to vitamin C. SVCT2−/− MEF divided and became immortalized readily indicating little dependence on vitamin C for the cell division. Immortalized SVCT2−/− MEF required higher concentration of vitamin C for the growth inhibition compared to the immortalized wildtype MEF suggesting an intracellular vitamin C toxicity. The relevance of our observation in aging and human cancer prevention was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Ming Kuo
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.
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24
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Qin C, Cao Q, Li P, Ju X, Wang M, Chen J, Wu Y, Meng X, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Lu Q, Yin C. Functional promoter -31G>C variant in survivin gene is associated with risk and progression of renal cell cancer in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28829. [PMID: 22295057 PMCID: PMC3266235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein and is involved in the occurrence and progression of human malignancies. Recently, a functional polymorphism (−31G>C, rs9904341) in the promoter of survivin has been shown to influence its expression and confer susceptibility to different types of cancer. The present study was aimed to investigate whether the polymorphism also influences susceptibility and progression of renal cell cancer (RCC) in a Chinese population. Methods We genotyped this polymorphism using the TaqMan assay in a case-control study comprised of 710 RCC patients and 760 controls. The logistic regression was used to assess the genetic association with occurrence and progression of RCC. Results Compared with the genotypes containing G allele (GG and GC), we found a statistically significant increased occurrence of RCC associated with the CC genotype [P = 0.006, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.76]. The polymorphism was associated with risk of developing advanced stage (OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.34–3.07) and moderately differentiated (OR = 1.75; 95%CI = 1.20–2.54) RCC. Furthermore, the patients carrying the CC genotype had a significantly greater prevalence of high clinical stage disease (Ptrend = 0.003). Similar results were also observed when we restricted the analysis to clear cell RCC, a major histological type of RCC. Conclusions Our results suggest that the functional −31G>C polymorphism in the promoter of survivin may influence the susceptibility and progression of RCC in the Chinese population. Large population-based prospective studies are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Ju
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilong Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (CY)
| | - Changjun Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (QL); (CY)
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Avissar-Whiting M, Koestler DC, Houseman EA, Christensen BC, Kelsey KT, Marsit CJ. Polycomb group genes are targets of aberrant DNA methylation in renal cell carcinoma. Epigenetics 2011; 6:703-9. [PMID: 21610323 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.6.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined effects of genetic and epigenetic aberrations are well recognized as causal in tumorigenesis. Here, we defined profiles of DNA methylation in primary renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and assessed the association of these profiles with the expression of genes required for the establishment and maintenance of epigenetic marks. A bead-based methylation array platform was used to measure methylation of 1,413 CpG loci in ~800 cancer-associated genes and three methylation classes were derived by unsupervised clustering of tumors using recursively partitioned mixture modeling (RPMM). Quantitative RT-PCR was performed on all tumor samples to determine the expression of DNMT1, DNMT3B, VEZF1 and EZH2. Additionally, methylation at LINE-1 and AluYb8 repetitive elements was measured using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Associations between methylation class and tumor stage (p = 0.05), LINE-1 (p < 0.0001) and AluYb8 (p < 0.0001) methylation, as well as EZH2 expression (p < 0.0001) were noted following univariate analyses. A multinomial logistic regression model controlling for potential confounders revealed that AluYb8 (p < 0.003) methylation and EZH2 expression (p < 0.008) were significantly associated with methylation class membership. Because EZH2 is a member of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), we next analyzed the distribution of Polycomb group (PcG) targets among methylation classes derived by clustering the 1,413 array CpG loci using RPMM. PcG target genes were significantly enriched (p < 0.0001) in methylation classes with greater differential methylation between RCC and non-diseased kidney tissue. This work contributes to our understanding of how repressive marks on DNA and chromatin are dysregulated in carcinogenesis, knowledge that might aid the development of therapies or preventive strategies for human malignancies.
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Seliger B, Dressler SP, Massa C, Recktenwald CV, Altenberend F, Bukur J, Marincola FM, Wang E, Stevanovic S, Lichtenfels R. Identification and characterization of human leukocyte antigen class I ligands in renal cell carcinoma cells. Proteomics 2011; 11:2528-41. [PMID: 21595034 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The presentation of tumor antigen-derived peptides by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I surface antigens on tumor cells is a key prerequisite to trigger effective T-cell responses in cancer patients. Multiple complementary strategies like cDNA and serological expression cloning, reverse immunology and different 'ome'-based methods have been employed to identify potential T-cell targets. This report focuses on a ligandomic profiling approach leading to the identification of 49 naturally processed HLA class I peptide ligands presented on the cell surface of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. The source proteins of the defined HLA ligands are classified according to their biological function and subcellular localization. Previously established cDNA microarray data of paired tissue specimen of RCC and renal epithelium assessed the transcriptional regulation for 28 source proteins. In addition, HLA-A2-restricted, peptide-specific T cells directed against a HLA ligand derived from sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1) were generated, which were able to recognize and lyse ligand-presenting target cells in a HLA class I-restricted manner. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrating T cells isolated from a RCC patient were also able to kill SRXN1 expressing tumor cells. Thus, this experimental strategy might be suited to define potential candidate biomarkers and novel targets for T-cell-based immunotherapies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Luo XM, Zhou SH, Fan J. Glucose transporter-1 as a new therapeutic target in laryngeal carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:1885-92. [PMID: 21226991 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for laryngeal carcinoma, one of the most common head and neck malignancies, consist of radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy or a combination thereof. The functional treatment of laryngeal carcinoma poses a considerable challenge because of its resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and its tendency for local recurrence. Finding ways to inhibit the energy supply of malignant tumours is becoming an increasingly attractive proposition. Glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1; encoded by the SLC2A1 gene in humans) is the main transporter of glucose in solid carcinomas and has become a focus of cancer research. Recently, it was shown that the increased expression of SLC2A1 in head and neck carcinomas is correlated with lymph node metastasis, poor survival and clinical stage, and revealed that the suppression of SLC2A1 expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides decreased glucose uptake and inhibited the proliferation of Hep-2 cells. Thus, the authors propose the suppression of SLC2A1 expression as a new therapeutic target for laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-M Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies in renal cell carcinoma: more questions than answers. Anticancer Drugs 2011; 22 Suppl 1:S4-8. [PMID: 21173604 DOI: 10.1097/01.cad.0000390766.47540.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current standard treatment for early stage (I-III) renal cell cancer (RCC) is surgery. While the prognosis of stage I tumors is excellent, stage II and particularly stage III have a high risk of relapse. The adjuvant treatment of patients with RCC remains an area of investigation, with patient selection being a key aspect. There are currently two prognostic nomograms to establish the risk of relapse in patients with resected RCC. The results of earlier studies of adjuvant therapy, including the use chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy after nephrectomy have failed to show any benefit in the outcome of patients at risk of developing local recurrence or distant metastases. Two recent phase III trials with vaccines (autologous tumor cell vaccine and autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein peptide complex-96) have shown promising, albeit still preliminary, results. In the metastatic RCC setting, recent advances in the molecular understanding of oncogenic pathways have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies with the use of targeted therapies in the adjuvant setting. Neoadjuvant treatment is another treatment modality currently being evaluated for patients with early disease and in patients with metastatic RCC with inoperable primary tumors. The questions that remain unanswered include activity of these agents in early stages of the disease, patient selection, optimal start time of the adjuvant treatment, and finally, the optimal length of treatment.
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29
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[Immunohistochemical expression of microvascular density and carbonic anhidrase IX in renal carcinoma. Relation to histological type and tumoral progression]. Actas Urol Esp 2011; 35:80-6. [PMID: 21256634 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE to correlate the immunohistochemical expression of microvascular density (MVD) and the carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) with the different histological subtypes of renal carcinoma and its progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS we studied 93 patients with renal cell carcinoma operated between 1990 and 2008. Antibodies employed for immunohistochemistry (IHC); CD31 (1: 40, Dako) and CD34 (1: 50, Dako) for MVD and CAIX (1: 100, Santa Cruz). CAIX was validated semiquantitatively as: strongly positive (>85%); weakly positive (10% -85%); and negative (< 10%), independently of the intensity of the stain. MVD was validated with both anti-CD31 and anti-CD34 by means of a whole section, to select the microscopic field (x100) with highest density of stained vessels, counting the number of vessels in a photographic field of 0.53 mm(2). Results are expressed as the maximal number of vessels by mm(2) of tumour tissue. RESULTS median follow up was 40 months (1-160). We found no differences of expression with any of the 3 IHC markers between tumours that progressed (49) and tumours that did not progress (44). The IHC expression of CAIX was strongly related to MVD, measured for both CD31 and CD34 (p<0.0001). MVD with both antibodies was inversely related to tumour size and Fuhrman grade and was also stronger in clear cell carcinomas compared to the rest of histological subtypes, measured by CD31 (p = 0.001) and CD34 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS neither MVD nor CAIX expressions were related to tumour progression, but were related to histological subtypes. This fact, added to their co-expression, could prompt the use of the CAIX expression, which is far more reproducible, as a quick and easy approximation to MVD. More research should be done to use it as marker for targeted therapy.
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Askoxylakis V, Garcia-Boy R, Rana S, Krämer S, Hebling U, Mier W, Altmann A, Markert A, Debus J, Haberkorn U. A new peptide ligand for targeting human carbonic anhydrase IX, identified through the phage display technology. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15962. [PMID: 21209841 PMCID: PMC3013143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a transmembrane enzyme found to be overexpressed in various tumors and associated with tumor hypoxia. Ligands binding this target may be used to visualize hypoxia, tumor manifestation or treat tumors by endoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Askoxylakis
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiation Therapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Ronkainen H, Vaarala MH, Hirvikoski P, Ristimäki A. HuR expression is a marker of poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2010; 32:481-7. [PMID: 21161467 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The HuR protein is a nucleocytoplasmic protein which plays an important role in the regulation of mRNA stability, and dysregulation of its expression has been linked to carcinogenesis. We studied 152 patients with primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who underwent surgery for the removal of kidney tumours between 1990 and 1999. The mean follow-up was 90 months. The expression of HuR and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. The immunostaining results were associated with patient age, clinical stage, Fuhrman grade and patient outcome. Cytoplasmic expression of HuR and COX-2 was positive in 37 (25%) and 22 (15%) of the tumours, respectively. The expression of HuR was associated with stage. The expression of COX-2 was associated with stage and nuclear grade. The RCC-specific survival was reduced in patients whose tumours expressed HuR or COX-2. The hazard ratio (HR) of patients with HuR-expressing tumours was 2.18 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-4.09; p = 0.015) and the HR of patients with COX-2-expressing tumours was 2.29 (95% CI, 1.15-4.54; p = 0.018). In the Cox regression analysis the only independent prognostic factor was stage (p < 0.001). Treatment of an RCC cell line (769-P) with HuR-targeted small interfering RNA resulted in the reduced expression of HuR and COX-2. We conclude that cytoplasmic HuR expression is associated with reduced RCC-specific survival. The HuR protein regulates the expression of COX-2 in RCC cells, which is one potential mechanism of action for the HuR-associated aggressive behaviour of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ronkainen
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 21, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland
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Di Lorenzo G, Buonerba C, Federico P, Rescigno P, Milella M, Ortega C, Aieta M, D'Aniello C, Longo N, Felici A, Ruggeri EM, Palmieri G, Imbimbo C, Aglietta M, De Placido S, Mirone V. Third-line sorafenib after sequential therapy with sunitinib and mTOR inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2010; 58:906-11. [PMID: 20884115 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib and everolimus have been approved for first- and second-line treatment, respectively, in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The role of sorafenib, which is approved for second-line treatment after cytokines failure, is presently to be defined. OBJECTIVE To determine whether third-line sorafenib after sequential use of sunitinib and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (everolimus or temsirolimus) is feasible and effective. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred fifty medical records of patients with mRCC treated with first-line sunitinib between January 2006 and January 2010 were reviewed at four participating centers. Data regarding patients treated with the sequence sunitinib-everolimus or temsirolimus-sorafenib were extracted. Central analysis of radiographic images was performed using RECIST criteria to determine progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (oRR) to sorafenib treatment. MEASUREMENTS PFS and oRR to sorafenib were the primary end points. Secondary outcomes were safety and overall survival (OS). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Thirty-four patients were eligible for the study. A median PFS of 4 mo (range: 3-6 mo) and a median OS of 7 mo since sorafenib treatment (range: 6-10 mo) were reported. Of the patients, 23.5% showed response to sorafenib, with an overall disease control rate (complete responses plus partial responses plus stable disease) of 44%. Selection bias, data incompleteness, and absence of study design are inevitable limitations of the study, although central review can strengthen the quality of presented data. CONCLUSIONS Third-line sorafenib appears to be active and well tolerated in mRCC after first-line sunitinib and second-line everolimus or temsirolimus, with no patients interrupting sorafenib because of toxicity or lack of compliance. Prospective, placebo-controlled trials are completely lacking and are required in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Clinica e Molecolare, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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