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Giordano M, Iacoviello O, Santangelo L, Martino M, Torres D, Carbone V, Scavia G, Loconsole D, Chironna M, Cristofori F, Francavilla R. Gastrointestinal involvement in STEC-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: 10 years in a pediatric center. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1885-1891. [PMID: 38189960 PMCID: PMC11026196 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents one of the main targets of typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children. In this observational study, we tried to establish (1) the main features of GI complications during STEC-HUS and (2) the relationship between Escherichia coli serotypes and Shiga toxin (Stx) variants with hepatopancreatic involvement. METHODS A total of 79 STEC-HUS patients were admitted to our pediatric nephrology department between January 2012 and June 2021. Evidence of intestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic involvements was reported for each patient, alongside demographic, clinical, and laboratory features. Frequency of gastrointestinal complications across groups of patients infected by specific E. coli serotypes and Stx gene variants was evaluated. RESULTS Six patients developed a bowel complication: two developed rectal prolapse, and four developed bowel perforation which resulted in death for three of them and in bowel stenosis in one patient. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in 13 patients. An isolated increase in pancreatic enzymes and/or liver transaminases was observed in 41 and 15 patients, respectively. Biliary sludge was detected in three, cholelithiasis in one. Forty-seven patients developed direct hyperbilirubinemia. Neither E. coli serotypes nor Shiga toxin variants correlated with hepatic or pancreatic involvement. CONCLUSIONS During STEC-HUS, GI complications are common, ranging from self-limited elevation of laboratory markers to bowel perforation, a severe complication with a relevant impact on morbidity and mortality. Hepatopancreatic involvement is frequent, but usually short-lasting and self-limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Giordano
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII - AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy.
| | - Onofrio Iacoviello
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Pediatric Section, University of Bari "Aldo Moro, " Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Santangelo
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII - AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Marida Martino
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII - AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Diletta Torres
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII - AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Carbone
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII - AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaia Scavia
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Loconsole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Hygiene Section, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chironna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Hygiene Section, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Fernanda Cristofori
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Pediatric Section, University of Bari "Aldo Moro, " Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Pediatric Section, University of Bari "Aldo Moro, " Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
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Freeman AJ, Ng K, Wang F, Abu-El-Haija MA, Chugh A, Cress GA, Fishman DS, Gariepy CE, Giefer MJ, Goday P, Gonska TY, Grover AS, Lindblad D, Liu QY, Maqbool A, Mark JA, McFerron BA, Mehta MS, Morinville VD, Noel RA, Ooi CY, Perito ER, Schwarzenberg SJ, Sellers ZM, Wilschanski M, Zheng Y, Yuan Y, Andersen DK, Lowe ME, Uc A. Pancreatic Enzyme Use Reduces Pancreatitis Frequency in Children With Acute Recurrent or Chronic Pancreatitis: A Report From INSPPIRE. Am J Gastroenterol 2024:00000434-990000000-01083. [PMID: 38517077 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among children who suffer from acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP), acute pancreatitis (AP) episodes are painful, often require hospitalization, and contribute to disease complications and progression. Despite this recognition, there are currently no interventions to prevent AP episodes. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed the impact of pancreatic enzyme therapy (PERT) use on clinical outcomes among children with pancreatic-sufficient ARP or CP. METHODS Children with pancreatic-sufficient ARP or CP in the INSPPIRE-2 cohort were included. Clinical outcomes were compared for those receiving vs not receiving PERT, as well as frequency of AP before and after PERT. Logistic regression was used to study the association between development of AP episodes after starting PERT and response predictors. RESULTS Among 356 pancreatic-sufficient participants, 270 (76%) had ARP, and 60 (17%) received PERT. Among those on PERT, 42% did not have a subsequent AP episode, during a mean 2.1 years of follow-up. Children with a SPINK1 mutation ( P = 0.005) and those with ARP (compared with CP, P = 0.008) were less likely to have an AP episode after starting PERT. After initiation of PERT, the mean AP annual incidence rate decreased from 3.14 down to 0.71 ( P < 0.001). DISCUSSION In a retrospective analysis, use of PERT was associated with a reduction in the incidence rate of AP among children with pancreatic-sufficient ARP or CP. These results support the need for a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of PERT to improve clinical outcomes among children with ARP or CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Jay Freeman
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth Ng
- Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fuchenchu Wang
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maisam A Abu-El-Haija
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ankur Chugh
- Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gretchen A Cress
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Douglas S Fishman
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cheryl E Gariepy
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Praveen Goday
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Amit S Grover
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas Lindblad
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Quin Y Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Asim Maqbool
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob A Mark
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian A McFerron
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Megha S Mehta
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Chee Y Ooi
- University of New South Wales, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily R Perito
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yuhua Zheng
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Yuan
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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3
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Abu-El-Haija M, Hornung L, Ellery K, Fishman DS, Gonska TY, Gariepy C, Lowe M, Larson Ode K, Maqbool A, Mascarenhas M, Morinville VD, Ooi CY, Perito ER, Schwarzenberg SJ, Sellers ZM, Zemel BS, Yuan Y, Wang F, Uc A, Kalkwarf HJ. Bone health in children with recurrent and chronic pancreatitis: A multi-center cross sectional analysis. Pancreatology 2023; 23:755-760. [PMID: 37723006 PMCID: PMC10843133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bone health of children with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) is not well studied. METHODS This retrospective study was performed at three sites and included data from INSPPIRE-2. RESULTS Of the 87 children in the study: 46 had ARP (53%), 41 had CP (47%). Mean age was 13.6 ± 3.9 years at last DXA scan. The prevalence of low height-for-age (Z-score < -2) (13%, 10/78) and low bone mineral density (BMD) adjusted for height (Z-score < -2) (6.4%, 5/78) were higher than a healthy reference sample (2.5%, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION Children with ARP or CP have lower height and BMD than healthy peers. Attention to deficits in growth and bone mineral accrual in children with pancreatic disease is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Lindsey Hornung
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kate Ellery
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Douglas S Fishman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katie Larson Ode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Asim Maqbool
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Mascarenhas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Chee Y Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales and Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily R Perito
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Zachary M Sellers
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Huston, TX, USA
| | - Fuchenchu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Huston, TX, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Nasr A, Hornung L, Thompson T, Lin TK, Vitale DS, Nathan JD, Varni JW, Abu-El-Haija M. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Impact on Quality of Life at 1-Year Follow-Up of Initial Attack of Acute Pancreatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76:199-205. [PMID: 36705700 PMCID: PMC9886336 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following the first time occurrence of acute pancreatitis (AP) and to measure the impact of the episode on patient health-related quality of life (HRQOL) from the perspectives of patients and parents. METHODS Questionnaires regarding GI symptoms 1 year following the initial occurrence of AP were obtained from 74 pediatric patients. Thirty of these patients completed both the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales. These data were compared to legacy-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Children with a standalone occurrence of AP experienced a similar rate of GI symptoms compared to those who progressed to acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) within 1 year. PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales scores were significantly lower for children self-report and parent proxy-report for patients that experienced AP compared to healthy controls. AP patients also demonstrated significantly more symptoms than healthy controls in the Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales across multiple domains. CONCLUSIONS Gastrointestinal symptoms affect many children who experience a single AP event even without recurrent attacks. The burden of symptoms is not significantly different from those who develop ARP. This is a novel study that evaluates patient-reported outcomes in children following an AP attack and demonstrates there is a significant impact on HRQOL in children and family experiences post AP. More data are needed to study the progression of disease and the extended impact of AP following an initial AP attack in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nasr
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lindsey Hornung
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tyler Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tom K. Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David S. Vitale
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jaimie D. Nathan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James W. Varni
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, Ohio
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5
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Ayaz E, Özcan HN, Hızarcıoğlu Gülşen H, Özkale Yavuz Ö, Seber T, Gümüş E, Oğuz B, Haliloğlu M, Haliloglu M. Acute Pancreatitis and Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis in Children: Imaging Findings and Outcomes. Turk Arch Pediatr 2023; 58:89-97. [PMID: 36598217 PMCID: PMC9885787 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2022.22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis in children has increased over the years, and there are limited data about imaging findings. This study aimed to reveal the imaging findings of acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis in children at a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients with acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2018 were included. Demographic and clinical features, follow-up period, and interventions were noted. Imaging features were evaluated for pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic fluid, and biliary ducts for initial examination and pancreas parenchymal necrosis, peripancreatic collection, walled-off necrosis, pseudocyst, parenchymal atrophy, and biliary ductal dilatation for follow-up. RESULTS The study included 74 patients with a mean age of 9 ± 4.9 years. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis were biliary tract anomalies (n = 21), biliary ductal stones (n = 9), and cystic fibrosis (n = 8). Findings consistent with acute pancreatitis were determined by ultrasound in 40.5% (n = 30/74), whereas by magnetic resonance imaging in 60% (n = 39/65). Forty-one percent of the patients (n = 16) with positive magnetic resonance imaging findings did not show any findings on ultrasound. Acute recurrent pancreatitis was seen in 32 patients (43.2%). Follow-up imaging was performed in 55 patients (74.3%) between 2 months and 11 years. At follow-up, 8 patients had peripancreatic collections (6 walled-off necrosis and 2 pseudocysts). CONCLUSION Recognizing the imaging findings of acute pancreatitis and its complications is crucial. Magnetic resonance imaging should be preferred as a second option following ultrasound, with the advantages of biliary ductal system delineation and better characterization of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Ayaz
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey,Corresponding author:Ercan Ayaz ✉
| | - Hatice Nursun Özcan
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Özlem Özkale Yavuz
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgut Seber
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ersin Gümüş
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Oğuz
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mithat Haliloğlu
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Uc A, Cress GA, Wang F, Abu-El-Haija M, Ellery KM, Fishman DS, Gariepy CE, Gonska T, Lin TK, Liu QY, Mehta M, Maqbool A, McFerron BA, Morinville VD, Ooi CY, Perito ER, Schwarzenberg SJ, Sellers ZM, Serrano J, Shah U, Troendle DM, Wilschanski M, Zheng Y, Yuan Y, Lowe ME. Analysis of INSPPIRE-2 Cohort: Risk Factors and Disease Burden in Children With Acute Recurrent or Chronic Pancreatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:643-649. [PMID: 35976273 PMCID: PMC9617760 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate risk factors and disease burden in pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS Data were obtained from INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE-2 (INSPPIRE-2), the largest multi-center prospective cohort study in pediatric patients with ARP or CP. RESULTS Of 689 children, 365 had ARP (53%), 324 had CP (47%). CP was more commonly associated with female sex, younger age at first acute pancreatitis (AP) attack, Asian race, family history of CP, lower BMI%, genetic and obstructive factors, PRSS1 mutations and pancreas divisum. CFTR mutations, toxic-metabolic factors, medication use, hypertriglyceridemia, Crohn disease were more common in children with ARP. Constant or frequent abdominal pain, emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalizations, medical, endoscopic or surgical therapies were significantly more common in CP, episodic pain in ARP. A total of 33.1% of children with CP had exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), 8.7% had diabetes mellitus. Compared to boys, girls were more likely to report pain impacting socialization and school, medical therapies, cholecystectomy, but no increased opioid use. There was no difference in race, ethnicity, age at first AP episode, age at CP diagnosis, duration of disease, risk factors, prevalence of EPI or diabetes between boys and girls. Multivariate analysis revealed that family history of CP, constant pain, obstructive risk factors were predictors of CP. CONCLUSIONS Children with family history of CP, constant pain, or obstructive risk factors should raise suspicion for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Fuchenchu Wang
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Douglas S. Fishman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Tom K. Lin
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Quin Y. Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Megha Mehta
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Asim Maqbool
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian A. McFerron
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Chee Y. Ooi
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales and Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jose Serrano
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD
| | - Uzma Shah
- Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Yuhua Zheng
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ying Yuan
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mark E. Lowe
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Management of Pediatric Acute Pancreatitis Across Children's Hospitals. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:650-655. [PMID: 36305883 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Racial or ethnic disparities in health care delivery and resource utilization have been reported in a variety of pediatric diseases. In acute pancreatitis (AP), there is an association between Black race and increased inpatient mortality. Data on the association of race and ethnicity and resource use for managing pediatric AP are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate this potential association in pediatric AP. METHODS Retrospective study of children 0-18 years diagnosed with AP in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database from 2012 to 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize cohort characteristics. Race/ethnicity classifications included non-Hispanic Black (NHB), non-Hispanic White (NHW, used as reference), Hispanic, and "Other." Associations between patient characteristics and race/ethnicity were determined using χ2 tests. Generalized linear mixed regression model was used to determine the association of race/ethnicity with odds of resource utilization, costs, and length of hospital stay after adjusting for covariates with a random intercept for site. RESULTS Five thousand nine hundred sixty-three patients from 50 hospitals were included. Adjusted analysis showed that NHB children hospitalized with AP were at lower odds of receiving opioids in the first 24 hours [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70-0.98] and receiving intravenous fluids during the hospitalization (aOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43-0.96) when compared with NHW children. Additionally, NHB and Hispanic children had a prolonged adjusted mean length of hospital stay and higher hospital costs when compared with NHW children. Although there was no significant association between race/ethnicity and diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis or sepsis, Hispanic and "Other" children were at higher odds of receiving antibiotics during hospitalization for AP (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.13-1.57 and aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.09-1.73, respectively) than NHW children. CONCLUSIONS Disparities exist in utilization of health care interventions for pediatric AP patients by race/ethnicity. Future studies should investigate why these disparities exist and if these disparities affect outcomes.
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8
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Szatmary P, Grammatikopoulos T, Cai W, Huang W, Mukherjee R, Halloran C, Beyer G, Sutton R. Acute Pancreatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment. Drugs 2022; 82:1251-1276. [PMID: 36074322 PMCID: PMC9454414 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a common indication for hospital admission, increasing in incidence, including in children, pregnancy and the elderly. Moderately severe acute pancreatitis with fluid and/or necrotic collections causes substantial morbidity, and severe disease with persistent organ failure causes significant mortality. The diagnosis requires two of upper abdominal pain, amylase/lipase ≥ 3 ×upper limit of normal, and/or cross-sectional imaging findings. Gallstones and ethanol predominate while hypertriglyceridaemia and drugs are notable among many causes. Serum triglycerides, full blood count, renal and liver function tests, glucose, calcium, transabdominal ultrasound, and chest imaging are indicated, with abdominal cross-sectional imaging if there is diagnostic uncertainty. Subsequent imaging is undertaken to detect complications, for example, if C-reactive protein exceeds 150 mg/L, or rarer aetiologies. Pancreatic intracellular calcium overload, mitochondrial impairment, and inflammatory responses are critical in pathogenesis, targeted in current treatment trials, which are crucially important as there is no internationally licenced drug to treat acute pancreatitis and prevent complications. Initial priorities are intravenous fluid resuscitation, analgesia, and enteral nutrition, and when necessary, critical care and organ support, parenteral nutrition, antibiotics, pancreatic exocrine and endocrine replacement therapy; all may have adverse effects. Patients with local complications should be referred to specialist tertiary centres to guide further management, which may include drainage and/or necrosectomy. The impact of acute pancreatitis can be devastating, so prevention or reduction of the risk of recurrence and progression to chronic pancreatitis with an increased risk of pancreas cancer requires proactive management that should be long term for some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Szatmary
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tassos Grammatikopoulos
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Wenhao Cai
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool , UK
| | - Chris Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Georg Beyer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
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Acute Pancreatitis and Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis in Children: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:5505484. [PMID: 35911080 PMCID: PMC9337950 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5505484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the clinical characteristics of acute pancreatitis (AP) and recurrent acute pancreatitis (ARP) in children. Method From January 2011 to January 2021, a total of 275 pediatric patients with AP admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital were enrolled. Results The median age of 275 children was 12.0 years. Among them, 55 cases were ARP. The leading causes of pediatric pancreatitis were biliary tract and virus infection. The percent of male in the AP group was higher than that in the ARP group. Viral infection in the AP group were higher than that in the ARP group, but anatomical abnormalities were lower than those in the ARP group. The incidence of pancreatic pseudocysts in the ARP group was higher than that in the AP group. The median interval time from AP to ARP was 3.0 months. Conclusion The main causes of pediatric pancreatitis were biliary tract and virus infection in the study. AP caused by virus infection seems to be less likely to develop into ARP. Female and anatomical abnormality are risks of ARP. Children with ARP are more likely to be complicated with pancreatic pseudocyst. There was no difference in ICU admission or mortality between AP and ARP.
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10
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Figueroa-Sánchez M, Nuño-Guzmán CM, Álvarez-López MC, Ordónez-Cárdenas M, Montaño-Rodríguez LJ. Case Report: Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis as a Complication of Necrotizing Acute Pancreatitis in a Pediatric Patient. Front Surg 2022; 9:747671. [PMID: 35433812 PMCID: PMC9010654 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.747671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Splanchnic vein thrombosis is an unusual manifestation of venous thromboembolism and includes portal vein thrombosis, mesenteric veins thrombosis, splenic vein thrombosis, and the Budd-Chiari syndrome. The most common risk factors include hematologic and autoimmune disorders, hormonal therapy, liver cirrhosis, solid abdominal cancer, recent abdominal surgery, and abdominal infections or inflammatory conditions, such as pancreatitis. Splanchnic vein thrombosis in acute pancreatitis is most commonly associated with the severe form of the disease and pancreatic necrosis. This report describes a case of splanchnic vein thrombosis as a complication of necrotizing acute pancreatitis in a pediatric patient. Splanchnic vein thrombosis was incidentally detected on contrast-enhanced computed tomography to assess the pancreas. There was no evidence of prior risk factors for the thrombotic condition. The patient was treated with anticoagulation and showed complete resolution after recovery from necrotizing acute pancreatitis, at a 16-month follow-up. The complication of necrotizing acute pancreatitis with splanchnic vein thrombosis in pediatric age is a rare presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Figueroa-Sánchez
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Carlos M. Nuño-Guzmán
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Carlos M. Nuño-Guzmán
| | - M. Carmen Álvarez-López
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mariana Ordónez-Cárdenas
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Leidy J. Montaño-Rodríguez
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Mexico
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11
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Hopson P, Moreau C, Yazici C, Han S, Akshintala V, Archibugi L, Lee P, Uc A. An assessment of pancreatology education in North American pediatric gastroenterology fellowship programs. Pancreatology 2022; 22:142-147. [PMID: 34753657 PMCID: PMC8767525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Within the last two decades, an increased incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) has been reported in childhood, with some progressing to acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP). Training future pancreatologists is critical to improve the care of children with pancreatic diseases. There are no studies to assess whether the pediatric gastroenterology (GI) fellowship curriculum prepares specialists to care for children with pancreatic diseases. METHODS An electronic survey was distributed to all North American Pediatric Gastroenterology Fellows. The survey included 31 questions on pancreatology training including academic resources, research experience, clinical exposure, clinical confidence, and career plans. RESULTS A total of 112 (25.8%) fellows responded from 41 (41/72, 56.9%) training centers in North America. Pancreas-specific didactic lectures were reported by 90.2% (n = 101); 49.5% (50/101) had at least quarterly or monthly lectures. Clinical confidence (Likert 4-5) was highest in managing and treating AP (94.6% and 93.8% respectively), relatively lower for ARP (84.8% and 71.4%) and lowest for CP (63.4% and 42.0%). Confidence in diagnosing both ARP and CP was associated with the variety of pancreatic diseases seen (p < 0.001) and total number of patients followed over a 6 month period (p = 0.04). Nine (8%) reported interest in specializing in pancreatology, 12 (10.7%) in pursuing research in the pancreatology. CONCLUSIONS Trainee confidence is highest in managing AP, lowest in CP, and seems to be directly correlated with the variety of pancreatic diseases and number of patients followed. Continued commitment is necessary to foster training of the next generation of pediatric pancreatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puanani Hopson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Chris Moreau
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas USA
| | - Cemal Yazici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Samuel Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | | | - Livia Archibugi
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospitals of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, Iowa USA,Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center
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12
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Cohen RZ, Freeman AJ. Pancreatitis in Children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2021; 68:1273-1291. [PMID: 34736589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric pancreatitis describes a spectrum covering acute pancreatitis, acute recurrent pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis, each with varying clinical manifestations and risk factors requiring a tailored diagnostic approach. We emphasize management strategies based on age, risk factors, recurrence, and complications. A discussion of the role of therapeutic endoscopy is reviewed and highlights the growing role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children with pancreatitis. Particular diagnostic challenges in autoimmune pancreatitis are reviewed with an emphasis on differentiating this entity from alternate pancreaticobiliary pathologies. Finally, we explore a multidisciplinary approach to acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Zev Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1400 Tullie Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - A Jay Freeman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1400 Tullie Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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13
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Cowan RW, Pratt ED, Kang JM, Zhao J, Wilhelm JJ, Abdulla M, Qiao EM, Brennan LP, Ulintz PJ, Bellin MD, Rhim AD. Pancreatic Cancer-Related Mutational Burden Is Not Increased in a Patient Cohort With Clinically Severe Chronic Pancreatitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00431. [PMID: 34797250 PMCID: PMC8604013 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pancreatitis is associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer, and patients with inherited forms of pancreatitis are at greatest risk. We investigated whether clinical severity of pancreatitis could also be an indicator of cancer risk independent of etiology by performing targeted DNA sequencing to assess the mutational burden in 55 cancer-associated genes. METHODS Using picodroplet digital polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, we reported the genomic profiles of pancreases from severe clinical cases of chronic pancreatitis that necessitated palliative total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation. RESULTS We assessed 57 tissue samples from 39 patients with genetic and idiopathic etiologies and found that despite the clinical severity of disease, there was no corresponding increase in mutational burden. The average allele frequency of somatic variants was 1.19% (range 1.00%-5.97%), and distinct regions from the same patient displayed genomic heterogeneity, suggesting that these variants are subclonal. Few oncogenic KRAS mutations were discovered (7% of all samples), although we detected evidence of frequent cancer-related variants in other genes such as TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4. Of note, tissue samples with oncogenic KRAS mutations and samples from patients with PRSS1 mutations harbored an increased total number of somatic variants, suggesting that these patients may have increased genomic instability and could be at an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. DISCUSSION Overall, we showed that even in those patients with chronic pancreatitis severe enough to warrant total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation, pancreatic cancer-related mutational burden is not appreciably increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Cowan
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Erica D. Pratt
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Jin Muk Kang
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Jun Zhao
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua J. Wilhelm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Muhamad Abdulla
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Edmund M. Qiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Luke P. Brennan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Peter J. Ulintz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
- BRCF Bioinformatics Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Melena D. Bellin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;
| | - Andrew D. Rhim
- Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA;
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14
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Assessment of pain associated with chronic pancreatitis: An international consensus guideline. Pancreatology 2021; 21:1256-1284. [PMID: 34391675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pain is the most common symptom in chronic pancreatitis (CP) with a major impact on quality of life. Few validated questionnaires to assess pain in CP exist, and the lack of consensus negatively impacts clinical management, research and meta-analysis. This guideline aims to review generic pain questionnaires for their usability in CP, to outline how pain assessment can be modified by confounding factors and pain types, to assess the value of additional measures such as quality of life, mental health and quantitative sensory testing, and finally to review pain assessment questionnaires used specifically in CP. A systematic review was done to answer 27 questions that followed the PICO (Population; Intervention; Comparator; Outcome) template. Quality of evidence of the statements was judged by Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. The manuscript was sent for review to 36 experts from various disciplines and continents in a multi-stage Delphi process, and finally reviewed by patient representatives. Main findings were that generic pain instruments are valid in most settings, but aspects of pain are specific for CP (including in children), and instruments have to account for the wide phenotypic variability and development of sensitization of the central nervous system. Side effects to treatment and placebo effects shall also be considered. Some multidimensional questionnaires are validated for CP and are recommended together with assessment of quality of life and psychiatric co-morbidities. This guideline will result in more homogeneous and comprehensive pain assessment to potentially improve management of painful CP.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In children, chronic pancreatitis is infrequent but may be associated with serious complications, including severe pain that limits activities, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency and malnutrition. Investigation into pediatric chronic pancreatitis has transitioned from single center reports to multicenter, protocol-driven studies. As a result, we now have information on much larger numbers of children with chronic pancreatitis, allowing a more reliable understanding of the complications of chronic pancreatitis. RECENT FINDINGS A high percentage of children with chronic pancreatitis use opioids frequently to control pain. About a quarter of children with chronic pancreatitis have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and about 6% have pancreatogenic diabetes. Mild malnutrition and low bone density are both common in children with chronic pancreatitis. SUMMARY Large multicenter and single-center observational studies have allowed us to more accurately assess complications of chronic pancreatitis in children. These studies demonstrate the need for examination of therapies for these complications in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Perito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melena D. Bellin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical Center and Schulze Diabetes Institute, Minneapolis, MN
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16
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Al Kaabi S, Al Kaabi A, Al Nuaimi H. What is beyond Salmonella gastroenteritis? A case of acute pancreatitis complicating Salmonella infection in a child: a case report and literature review. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 34404365 PMCID: PMC8369656 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella infection presents itself in a wide variety of ways, ranging from mild self-limited illness to severe systemic disease with multiorgan involvement. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a very rare complication that is associated with Salmonella infection, especially among the pediatric population. Case presentation A five-year-old boy presented with a two-day fever and experienced vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The boy was admitted as a case of acute gastroenteritis, and Salmonella was found in his stool culture. The severity of his abdominal pain during his hospital stay indicated the possibility of AP. A clinical examination and blood workup were performed and showed significant elevation in amylase and lipase, which confirmed the diagnosis of AP. Conclusion Although abdominal pain is a common presentation of Salmonella infection, the possibility of AP must be considered when the pain is severe and the characteristics of the pain are suggestive of AP. Herein, we report a case of AP complicating Salmonella infection in an immunocompetent child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Al Kaabi
- Pediatrics Department, General Pediatrics Division, Tawam Hospital, P.O. Box 15258, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Aysha Al Kaabi
- Pediatrics Department, General Pediatrics Division, Tawam Hospital, P.O. Box 15258, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Hasa Al Nuaimi
- Department of Academic Affairs, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Staudenmann D, Kaffes AJ, Saxena P. Plastic bezoar causing acute pancreatitis in an adolescent: A case report. JPGN REPORTS 2021; 2:e026. [PMID: 37206927 PMCID: PMC10191470 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Staudenmann
- From the AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arthur J Kaffes
- From the AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Payal Saxena
- From the AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Elkhateeb N, Chakrapani A, Davison J, Grunewald S, Batzios S. Pancreatitis in multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: An underdiagnosed complication. JIMD Rep 2021; 57:15-22. [PMID: 33473335 PMCID: PMC7802625 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MADD) deficiency represents a rare fatty acid oxidation disorder where sporadic reports of pancreatitis already exist. Here, we report three cases of MADD with pancreatic involvement raising questions whether this represents an incidental finding or it is related to the pathophysiology of MADD. METHODS We have retrospectively studied the clinical, biochemical and radiologic data of patients with MADD diagnosed in our department over the last 20 years to identify patients with pancreatic involvement. RESULTS Three out of 17 patients had pancreatic involvement. All three patients were diagnosed with MADD in the neonatal period (two-third symptomatic-riboflavin nonresponsive, one-third asymptomatic via newborn screening-riboflavin responsive). Age at presentation of pancreatitis ranged from 20 months to 11 years. Presentations included a single episode of acute pancreatitis in the first patient, chronic necrotizing pancreatitis in the second patient, while the third patient was diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis (CP) incidentally through ultrasonography. All patients had inflammation features on either abdominal computed tomography or ultrasound. Pancreatic enzymes were elevated in two patients. Management of pancreatitis was done conservatively while the patient with necrotic CP required subtotal pancreatectomy. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that pancreatitis might be more common in patients with MADD than previously reported, requiring a high index of suspicion in patients with acute metabolic decompensation or nonspecific abdominal symptoms. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanism of pancreatitis in MADD is similar to that in mitochondrial disorders, both resulting from disordered energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elkhateeb
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Anupam Chakrapani
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - James Davison
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Spyros Batzios
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
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Saeed SA. Acute pancreatitis in children: Updates in epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2020; 50:100839. [PMID: 32859510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2020.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP), manifesting as acute onset of abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea, is increasingly being recognized in children secondary to increased awareness, more identifiable etiologies as well as advances in diagnostic capabilities, like imaging. Despite this increased awareness and ability for more frequent diagnoses, the natural history of AP remains poorly understood leading to gaps in approach and management, especially in children. Coupled with poor epidemiologic and management awareness, there remains a lack of understanding of the long term implications of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Hence, the role of the primary care clinician in the early diagnosis, and management, remains critical and may affect the need for consultation with pediatric sub-specialists like gastroenterologists. This review provides guidelines regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, and management strategies to address some of these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehzad A Saeed
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Associate Chief Medical Officer, Physician Lead, Patient and Family Experience, Dayton Children's Hospital.
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20
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Clinical and Practice Variations in Pediatric Acute Recurrent or Chronic Pancreatitis: Report From the INSPPIRE Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71:112-118. [PMID: 32079978 PMCID: PMC7305964 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether clinical characteristics and management of pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) differ across INSPPIRE (INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a cuRE) sites. STUDY DESIGN Data were collected from INSPPIRE and analyzed per US regions and "non-US" sites. Between-group differences were compared by Pearson chi-square test. Differences in disease burden were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Out of the 479 subjects, 121 (25%) were enrolled in West, 151 (32%) Midwest, 45 Northeast (9%), 78 (16%) South, and 84 (18%) at non-US sites. Hispanic ethnicity was more common in South (P < 0.0001); white race in Northeast (P = 0.009). CP was less common and time from diagnosis of first acute pancreatitis to CP was longer in children at non-US sites (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.011, respectively). Genetic mutations were most common among all groups; PRSS1 variants predominated in Midwest (P = 0.002). Gallstones were more frequent in South (P = 0.002). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography (CT) imaging were more commonly utilized in United States compared with non-United States (P < 0.0001), but there were no differences in the use of MRI/MRCP. Disease burden was highest in the West and Midwest, possibly as total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) referral sites were located in these regions. All therapies were less commonly administered in non-US sites (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe geographical variations in the INSPPIRE cohort, which possibly reflect variations in practice and referral patterns. The underlying reason behind the lower frequency of CP and fewer treatments in non-United States sites need to be further explored.
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21
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To Find a Cure Through INSPPIRE. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71:1-2. [PMID: 32304546 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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22
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Abu-El-Haija M, Lowe M, Barth B, Bellin MD, Fishman DS, Freedman S, Gariepy C, Giefer MJ, Gonska T, Heyman MB, Himes R, Husain S, Lin TK, Liu Q, Mascarenhas MR, Maqbool A, McFerron B, Morinville V, Nathan J, Ooi CY, Perito E, Pohl JF, Schwarzenberg SJ, Shah U, Troendle D, Werlin S, Wilschanski M, Zimmerman B, Uc A. Pediatric chronic pancreatitis without prior acute or acute recurrent pancreatitis: A report from the INSPPIRE consortium. Pancreatology 2020; 20:781-784. [PMID: 32332002 PMCID: PMC7781353 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Lowe
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley Barth
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Melena D Bellin
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Douglas S Fishman
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew J Giefer
- University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Melvin B Heyman
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Himes
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sohail Husain
- Children's Hospital; of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tom K Lin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Quin Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Asim Maqbool
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian McFerron
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Jaimie Nathan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales and Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Perito
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Uzma Shah
- Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Troendle
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Abstract
Recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis are increasingly recognized in childhood. Etiologies are vastly different in children compared with adults and mostly involve genetic and anatomical factors with negligible contribution of environmental risks. Pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) have significant impact on quality of life with high healthcare costs. Children with these conditions suffer from recurrent acute or chronic abdominal pain and they endure multiple emergency room visits, hospitalizations, procedures, and surgeries. Diagnostic methods are being developed; treatment options are limited. This review summarizes the most recent developments in pediatric ARP and CP. These discoveries will help physicians provide optimal care for children with these conditions.
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Arora A, Agarwal P, Bagdi R, Ramasundaram M, Sankar Narayanan ML. Laparoscopic Puestow Procedure for Chronic Pancreatitis in Children. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2020; 25:55-57. [PMID: 31896903 PMCID: PMC6910057 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_235_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a sequelae characterized by recurrent attacks of pancreatitis leading on to fibrosis and calcification of both ductal and parenchymal elements of the pancreas. Most of these, if left untreated at the right time, will lead on to burnt-out pancreas with complete atrophy of the parenchyma, leading on to endocrine/exocrine insufficiency. The pain in such patients is most likely due to ductal hypertension, parenchymal hypertension, and head mass causing perineural inflammation. Puestow procedure (longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy) is the surgery of choice in selected patients with ductal hypertension where decompression of the duct provides symptomatic relief. Performance of such procedures in children by minimal access laparoscopic method is still evolving. We report a series of three patients (aged 10, 12, and 16 years) diagnosed with CP and successfully managed by laparoscopic Puestow procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Arora
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Agarwal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajkishore Bagdi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhu Ramasundaram
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M L Sankar Narayanan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Perito ER, Palermo TM, Pohl JF, Mascarenhas M, Abu-El-Haija M, Barth B, Bellin MD, Fishman DS, Freedman S, Gariepy C, Giefer M, Gonska T, Heyman MB, Himes RW, Husain SZ, Lin T, Liu Q, Maqbool A, McFerron B, Morinville VD, Nathan JD, Ooi CY, Rhee S, Schwarzenberg SJ, Shah U, Troendle DM, Werlin S, Wilschanski M, Zheng Y, Zimmerman MB, Lowe M, Uc A. Factors Associated With Frequent Opioid Use in Children With Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 70:106-114. [PMID: 31567889 PMCID: PMC6934913 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to understand the association of frequent opioid use with disease phenotype and pain pattern and burden in children and adolescents with acute recurrent (ARP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS Cross-sectional study of children <19 years with ARP or CP, at enrollment into the INSPPIRE cohort. We categorized patients as opioid "frequent use" (daily/weekly) or "nonfrequent use" (monthly or less, or no opioids), based on patient and parent self-report. RESULTS Of 427 children with ARP or CP, 17% reported frequent opioid use. More children with CP (65%) reported frequent opioid use than with ARP (41%, P = 0.0002). In multivariate analysis, frequent opioid use was associated with older age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.67 per 5 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-2.47, P = 0.01), exocrine insufficiency (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.13-5.24, P = 0.02), constant/severe pain (OR 4.14, 95% CI 2.06-8.34, P < 0.0001), and higher average pain impact score across all 6 functional domains (OR 1.62 per 1-point increase, 95% CI 1.28-2.06, P < 0.0001). Children with frequent opioid use also reported more missed school days, hospitalizations, and emergency room visits in the past year than children with no frequent use (P < 0.0002 for each). Participants in the US West and Midwest accounted for 83% of frequent opioid users but only 56% of the total cohort. CONCLUSIONS In children with CP or ARP, frequent opioid use is associated with constant pain, more healthcare use, and higher levels of pain interference with functioning. Longitudinal and prospective research is needed to identify risk factors for frequent opioid use and to evaluate nonopioid interventions for reducing pain and disability in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Perito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tonya M. Palermo
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - John F. Pohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Maria Mascarenhas
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bradley Barth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - Melena D. Bellin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Cheryl Gariepy
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Matthew Giefer
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Department of Pediatrics, Sick Kids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melvin B. Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ryan W. Himes
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tom Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Quin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Asim Maqbool
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian McFerron
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Veronique D. Morinville
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jaime D. Nathan
- Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Uzma Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David M. Troendle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX
| | - Steven Werlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Yuhua Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Mark Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Diabetes Mellitus in Children with Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis: Data From the INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE Cohort. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:599-606. [PMID: 31651815 PMCID: PMC6834233 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adults with chronic pancreatitis (CP) have a high risk for developing pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (DM), but little is known regarding potential risk factors for DM in children with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) or CP. We compared demographic and clinical features of children with ARP or CP, with and without DM, in the INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE (INSPPIRE) registry. METHODS We reviewed the INSPPIRE database for the presence or absence of physician-diagnosed DM in 397 children, excluding those with total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation, enrolled from August 2012 to August 2017. Patient demographics, BMI percentile, age at disease onset, disease risk factors, disease burden, and treatments were compared between children with DM (n = 24) and without DM (n = 373). RESULTS Twenty-four children (6% of the cohort) had a diagnosis of DM. Five of 13 tested were positive for beta cell autoantibodies. The DM group was 4.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 3-5.4] older at first episode of acute pancreatitis, and tended to more often have hypertriglyceridemia [odds ratio (OR) 5.21 (1.33-17.05)], coexisting autoimmune disease [OR 3.94 (0.88-13.65)] or pancreatic atrophy [OR 3.64 (1.13, 11.59)]. CONCLUSION Pancreatic atrophy may be more common among children with DM, suggesting more advanced exocrine disease. However, data in this exploratory cohort also suggest increased autoimmunity and hypertriglyceridemia in children with DM, suggesting that risk factors for type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively may play a role in mediating DM development in children with pancreatitis.
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Risk Factors for Rapid Progression From Acute Recurrent to Chronic Pancreatitis in Children: Report From INSPPIRE. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:206-211. [PMID: 31136562 PMCID: PMC6699635 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the rate of progression from acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) to chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children and assess risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Data were collected from the INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE (INSPPIRE) cohort. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to calculate duration of progression from initial attack of acute pancreatitis (AP) to CP. Log-rank test was used to compare survival (nonprogression) probability distribution between groups. Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to obtain hazard ratio (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) of progression for each risk variable. RESULTS Of 442 children, 251 had ARP and 191 had CP. The median time of progression from initial attack of AP to CP was 3.79 years. The progression was faster in those ages 6 years or older at the first episode of AP compared to those younger than 6 years (median time to CP: 2.91 vs 4.92 years; P = 0.01). Children with pathogenic PRSS1 variants progressed more rapidly to CP compared to children without PRSS1 variants (median time to CP: 2.52 vs 4.48 years; P = 0.003). Within 6 years after the initial AP attack, cumulative proportion with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was 18.0% (95% CI: 12.4%, 25.6%); diabetes mellitus was 7.7% (95% CI: 4.2%, 14.1%). CONCLUSIONS Children with ARP rapidly progress to CP, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and diabetes. The progression to CP is faster in children who were 6 years or older at the first episode of AP or with pathogenic PRSS1 variants. The factors that affect the aggressive disease course in childhood warrant further investigation.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The significance of pancreas divisum (PD) as a risk factor for pancreatitis is controversial. We analyzed the characteristics of children with PD associated with acute recurrent or chronic pancreatitis to better understand its impact. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared children with or without PD in the well-phenotyped INSPPIRE (INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE) cohort. Differences were analyzed using 2-sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables, Pearson χ or Fisher exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS PD was found in 52 of 359 (14.5%) subjects, a higher prevalence than the general population (∼7%). Females more commonly had PD (71% vs. 55%; P=0.02). Children with PD did not have a higher incidence of mutations in SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC compared with children with no PD. Children with PD were less likely to have PRSS1 mutations (10% vs. 34%; P<0.01) or a family history of pancreatitis (P<0.05), and more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia (11% vs. 3%; P=0.03). Children with PD underwent significantly more endoscopic procedures and pancreatic sphincterotomy. Patients with PD had fewer attacks of acute pancreatitis (P=0.03) and were less likely to develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (P=0.01). Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was considered most helpful if pancreatic duct was impacted with stones (83% helpful). CONCLUSIONS PD is likely a risk factor for acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis in children that appears to act independently of genetic risk factors. Patients with PD and stones obstructing the pancreatic duct benefit most from therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
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Chronic Pancreatitis: Pediatric and Adult Cohorts Show Similarities in Disease Progress Despite Different Risk Factors. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:566-573. [PMID: 30897605 PMCID: PMC6492264 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the natural history of chronic pancreatitis (CP); patients in the North American Pancreatitis Study2 (NAPS2, adults) and INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE (INSPPIRE, pediatric) were compared. METHODS Demographics, risk factors, disease duration, management and outcomes of 224 children and 1063 adults were compared using appropriate statistical tests for categorical and continuous variables. RESULTS Alcohol was a risk in 53% of adults and 1% of children (P < 0.0001); tobacco in 50% of adults and 7% of children (P < 0.0001). Obstructive factors were more common in children (29% vs 19% in adults, P = 0.001). Genetic risk factors were found more often in children. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was similar (children 26% vs adult 33%, P = 0.107). Diabetes was more common in adults than children (36% vs 4% respectively, P < 0.0001). Median emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and missed days of work/school were similar across the cohorts. As a secondary analysis, NAPS2 subjects with childhood onset (NAPS2-CO) were compared with INSPPIRE subjects. These 2 cohorts were more similar than the total INSPPIRE and NAPS2 cohorts, including for genetic risk factors. The only risk factor significantly more common in the NAPS2-CO cohort compared with the INSPPIRE cohort was alcohol (9% NAPS2-CO vs 1% INSPPIRE cohorts, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Despite disparity in age of onset, children and adults with CP exhibit similarity in demographics, CP treatment, and pain. Differences between groups in radiographic findings and diabetes prevalence may be related to differences in risk factors associated with disease and length of time of CP.
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Uc A, Perito ER, Pohl JF, Shah U, Abu-El-Haija M, Barth B, Bellin MD, Ellery KM, Fishman DS, Gariepy CE, Giefer MJ, Gonska T, Heyman MB, Himes RW, Husain SZ, Maqbool A, Mascarenhas MR, McFerron BA, Morinville VD, Lin TK, Liu QY, Nathan JD, Rhee SJ, Ooi CY, Sellers ZM, Schwarzenberg SJ, Serrano J, Troendle DM, Werlin SL, Wilschanski M, Zheng Y, Yuan Y, Lowe ME. INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE Cohort Study: Design and Rationale for INSPPIRE 2 From the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2019; 47:1222-1228. [PMID: 30325861 PMCID: PMC6195325 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We created the INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE (INSPPIRE 2) cohort to study the risk factors, natural history, and outcomes of pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Patient and physician questionnaires collect information on demographics, clinical history, family and social history, and disease outcomes. Health-related quality of life, depression, and anxiety are measured using validated questionnaires. Information entered on paper questionnaires is transferred into a database managed by Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer's Coordinating and Data Management Center. Biosamples are collected for DNA isolation and analysis of most common pancreatitis-associated genes.Twenty-two sites (18 in the United States, 2 in Canada, and 1 each in Israel and Australia) are participating in the INSPPIRE 2 study. These sites have enrolled 211 subjects into the INSPPIRE 2 database toward our goal to recruit more than 800 patients in 2 years. The INSPPIRE 2 cohort study is an extension of the INSPPIRE cohort study with a larger and more diverse patient population. Our goals have expanded to include evaluating risk factors for CP, its sequelae, and psychosocial factors associated with pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA
| | - Emily R. Perito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John F. Pohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Uzma Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bradley Barth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Melena D. Bellin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kate M. Ellery
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Cheryl E. Gariepy
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Tanja Gonska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melvin B. Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ryan W. Himes
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Asim Maqbool
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Brian A. McFerron
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Tom K. Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Quin Y. Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jaimie D. Nathan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sue J. Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales and Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Jose Serrano
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD
| | - David M. Troendle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Steven L. Werlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Michael Wilschanski
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuhua Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mark E. Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Updates in Pediatric Pancreatology: Proceedings of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Frontiers in Pediatric Pancreatology Symposium. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:e27-e33. [PMID: 30888340 PMCID: PMC6444930 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Pancreas Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition aims to promote awareness of pediatric pancreatic diseases, support clinical and basic science research in the field, educate pediatric gastroenterologists, and advocate on behalf of pediatric patients with pancreatic disorders. At the 2017 Annual North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition meeting, the Pancreas Committee held a full day symposium on pediatric pancreatic diseases, entitled, "Frontiers in Pediatric Pancreatology." The symposium served as a timely and novel academic meeting that brought together individuals with a vested interest in the care of children with pancreatic disorders. The objective of this day-long course was to update practicing gastroenterologists on the latest advances in research, management algorithms, endoscopic therapies, radiographic resources, surgical approaches, and novel drug therapies targeted to pediatric pancreatitis. Presentations were divided into 4 modules: diagnosis, risk factors, and natural history of pancreatitis; pancreatic imaging and exocrine function; management of pancreatitis; and new frontiers in pediatric pancreatitis research. The course fostered a unique ecosystem for interdisciplinary collaboration, in addition to promoting discussion and stimulating new research hypotheses regarding pediatric pancreatic disorders. Oral presentations by experts in various fields of pancreatology led to thought-provoking discussion; in addition, a meet-the-professor luncheon stimulated critical evaluation of current research in pediatric pancreatic diseases, highlighting knowledge gaps and future research endeavors. The current report summarizes the major learning points from this novel symposium focusing on the growing demographic of pediatric pancreatic diseases.
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Kohoutova D, Tringali A, Papparella G, Perri V, Boškoski I, Hamanaka J, Costamagna G. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis in pediatric population: Long-term efficacy and safety. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 7:270-277. [PMID: 31080612 DOI: 10.1177/2050640618817699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children is an inreasingly recognized disease. Objective The purpose of study was to analyse the safety and long-term efficacy of endoscopic treatment in children with CP. Methods Records of 38 patients aged <18 years, referred to the Digestive Endoscopy Unit at Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico "A. Gemelli" IRCCS between 1991 and 2017, were reviewed. Abdominal pain, analgesia and number of episodes of acute pancreatitis in the pre- and post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) period were evaluated. Need for surgery was assessed. Therapeutic intervention data and complications were interrogated. Results In total 158 ERCPs were performed. Median post-ERCP follow-up was 7 years. The majority of patients had CP type IV (47%) and type Ib (37%) (Cremer's classification). Major papilla pancreatic sphincterotomy was performed in 47%, major and minor in 24% and minor in 29% of patients. Stones/plugs were removed in at least one ERCPs in 66% individuals. Eleven out of 38 patients had stricture of the pancreatic duct; these were dilated and stented in 5/11 and stented in 6/11. Five complications were recorded (3%). Severity and frequency of abdominal pain improved significantly; p < 0.001. Use of analgesia and number of episodes of acute pancreatitis decreased significantly; p < 0.001. One child required subsequent surgery. Conclusion Endoscopic management of symptomatic CP in children is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kohoutova
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - A Tringali
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Centre for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training - CERTT, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - G Papparella
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - V Perri
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Centre for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training - CERTT, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - I Boškoski
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Centre for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training - CERTT, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - J Hamanaka
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - G Costamagna
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Centre for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training - CERTT, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,Chair of Digestive Endoscopy, IHU-USIAS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Uc A, Zimmerman MB, Wilschanski M, Werlin SL, Troendle D, Shah U, Schwarzenberg SJ, Rhee S, Pohl JF, Perito ER, Palermo JJ, Ooi CY, Liu Q, Lin TK, Morinville VD, McFerron BA, Husain SZ, Himes R, Heyman MB, Gonska T, Giefer MJ, Gariepy CE, Freedman SD, Fishman DS, Bellin MD, Barth B, Abu-El-Haija M, Lowe ME. Impact of Obesity on Pediatric Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2018; 47:967-973. [PMID: 30059474 PMCID: PMC6095802 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the impact of obesity on pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS We determined body mass index (BMI) status at enrollment in INSPPIRE (INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE) cohort using CDC criteria for pediatric-specific BMI percentiles. We used the Cochran-Armitage test to assess trends and the Jonckheere-Terpstra test to determine associations. RESULTS Of 446 subjects (acute recurrent pancreatitis, n = 241; CP, n = 205), 22 were underweight, 258 normal weight, 75 overweight, and 91 were obese. The BMI groups were similar in sex, race, and age at presentation. Hypertriglyceridemia was more common in overweight or obese. Obese children were less likely to have CP and more likely to have acute inflammation on imaging. Compared with children with normal weight, obese or overweight children were older at first acute pancreatitis episode and diagnosed with CP at an older age. Obese or overweight children were less likely to undergo medical or endoscopic treatment, develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and require total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation. Diabetes was similar among all groups. CONCLUSIONS Obesity or overweight seems to delay the initial acute pancreatitis episode and diagnosis of CP compared with normal weight or underweight. The impact of obesity on pediatric CP progression and severity deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Michael Wilschanski
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Steven L. Werlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - David Troendle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Uzma Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sue Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John F. Pohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Emily R. Perito
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joseph J. Palermo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales and Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick Sydney, Australia
| | - Quin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tom K. Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Veronique D. Morinville
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian A. McFerron
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ryan Himes
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Melvin B. Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Cheryl E. Gariepy
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Melena D. Bellin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bradley Barth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mark E. Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Childhood: Consensus From INSPPIRE. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 67:232-236. [PMID: 29746340 PMCID: PMC6059991 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) represents a complex immune-mediated pancreas disorder. Pediatric AIP (P-AIP) is rare. We have recently summarized the characteristic features of P-AIP. We now aim to develop recommendation statements to standardize the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to P-AIP and facilitate future research in the field. METHODS A panel of pediatric gastroenterologists participating in the International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE was formed to discuss and then vote on 15 recommendation statements. A consensus of at least 80% was obtained following 3 voting rounds and revision of the statements. RESULTS We have now generated 15 statements to help standardize the approach to diagnosis and management of P-AIP. CONCLUSIONS The first P-AIP recommendation statements developed by the International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE group are intended to bring standardization to the diagnosis and treatment of this rare childhood disorder. These statements may help guide a uniform approach to patient care and facilitate future research studies.
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Párniczky A, Abu-El-Haija M, Husain S, Lowe M, Oracz G, Sahin-Tóth M, Szabó FK, Uc A, Wilschanski M, Witt H, Czakó L, Grammatikopoulos T, Rasmussen IC, Sutton R, Hegyi P. EPC/HPSG evidence-based guidelines for the management of pediatric pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2018; 18:146-160. [PMID: 29398347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric pancreatitis is an underdiagnosed disease with variable etiology. In the past 10-15 years the incidence of pediatric pancreatitis has increased, it is now 3.6-13.3 cases per 100,000 children. Up-to-date evidence based management guidelines are lacking for the pediatric pancreatitis. The European Pancreatic Club, in collaboration with the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group organized a consensus guideline meeting on the diagnosis and management of pancreatitis in the pediatric population. METHODS Pediatric Pancreatitis was divided into three main clinical categories: acute pancreatitis, acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Fifteen relevant topics (acute pancreatitis: diagnosis; etiology; prognosis; imaging; complications; therapy; biliary tract management; acute recurrent pancreatitis: diagnosis; chronic pancreatitis: diagnosis, etiology, treatment, imaging, intervention, pain, complications; enzyme replacement) were defined. Ten experts from the USA and Europe reviewed and summarized the available literature. Evidence was classified according to the GRADE classification system. RESULTS Within fifteen topics, forty-seven relevant clinical questions were defined. The draft of the updated guideline was presented and discussed at the consensus meeting held during the 49th Meeting of European Pancreatic Club, in Budapest, on July 1, 2017. CONCLUSIONS These evidence-based guidelines provides the current state of the art of the diagnosis and management of pediatric pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Párniczky
- Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sohail Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grzegorz Oracz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Exocrine Disorders, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Flóra K Szabó
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Wilschanski
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Heiko Witt
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - László Czakó
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tassos Grammatikopoulos
- Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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PROspective Evaluation of Chronic Pancreatitis for EpidEmiologic and Translational StuDies: Rationale and Study Design for PROCEED From the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2018; 47:1229-1238. [PMID: 30325862 PMCID: PMC6619499 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prospective Evaluation of Chronic Pancreatitis for Epidemiologic and Translational Studies (PROCEED) is the first prospective, observational cohort study of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in the United States. The primary goals of PROCEED are to define disease progression, test the predictive capability of candidate biomarkers, and develop a platform to conduct translational and mechanistic studies in CP. Using objective and consensus-driven criteria, PROCEED will enroll adults at different stages of CP-controls, suspected CP, and definite CP. In addition to collecting detailed information using structured case report forms and protocol-mandated evaluations at baseline and during follow-up, PROCEED will establish a linked biorepository of blood, urine, saliva, stool, pancreatic fluid, and pancreatic tissue. Enrollment for PROCEED began in June 2017. As of July 1, 2018, nine clinical centers of the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer are enrolling, and 350 subjects have completed baseline evaluation. In conclusion, PROCEED will provide the most accurate and reliable estimates to date on progression of CP. The established cohort and biorepository will facilitate numerous analyses, leading to new strategies for diagnosis, methods to monitor disease progression, and treatment of CP.
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Management of Acute Pancreatitis in the Pediatric Population: A Clinical Report From the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Pancreas Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66:159-176. [PMID: 29280782 PMCID: PMC5755713 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children is increasing, management recommendations rely on adult published guidelines. Pediatric-specific recommendations are needed. METHODS The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Pancreas committee performed a MEDLINE review using several preselected key terms relating to management considerations in adult and pediatric AP. The literature was summarized, quality of evidence reviewed, and statements of recommendations developed. The authorship met to discuss the evidence, statements, and voted on recommendations. A consensus of at least 75% was required to approve a recommendation. RESULTS The diagnosis of pediatric AP should follow the published INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE definitions (by meeting at least 2 out of 3 criteria: (1) abdominal pain compatible with AP, (2) serum amylase and/or lipase values ≥3 times upper limits of normal, (3) imaging findings consistent with AP). Adequate fluid resuscitation with crystalloid appears key especially within the first 24 hours. Analgesia may include opioid medications when opioid-sparing measures are inadequate. Pulmonary, cardiovascular, and renal status should be closely monitored particularly within the first 48 hours. Enteral nutrition should be started as early as tolerated, whether through oral, gastric, or jejunal route. Little evidence supports the use of prophylactic antibiotics, antioxidants, probiotics, and protease inhibitors. Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasonography have limited roles in diagnosis and management. Children should be carefully followed for development of early or late complications and recurrent attacks of AP. CONCLUSIONS This clinical report represents the first English-language recommendations for the management of pediatric AP. Future aims should include prospective multicenter pediatric studies to further validate these recommendations and optimize care for children with AP.
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Jonokuchi AJ, Knopman J, Radwanski RE, Martinez MA, Taylor BES, Rothbaum M, Sullivan S, Robison TR, Lo E, Christophe BR, Bruce EM, Khan S, Kellner CP, Sigounas D, Youngerman B, Bagiella E, Angevine PD, Lowy FD, Sander Connolly E. Topical vancomycin to reduce surgical-site infections in neurosurgery: Study protocol for a multi-center, randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 64:195-200. [PMID: 29030268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Surgical-site infections (SSIs) account for 20% of all healthcare-associated infections, are the most common nosocomial infection among surgical patients, and are a focus of quality improvement initiatives. Despite implementation of many quality care measures (e.g. prophylactic antibiotics), SSIs remain a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden, particularly in the field of neurosurgery. Topical vancomycin is increasingly utilized in instrumented spinal and cardiothoracic procedures, where it has been shown to reduce the risk of SSIs. However, a randomized controlled trial assessing its efficacy in the general neurosurgical population has yet to be done. The principle aim of "Topical Vancomycin for Neurosurgery Wound Prophylaxis" (NCT02284126) is to determine whether prophylactic, topical vancomycin reduces the risk of SSIs in the adult neurosurgical population. This prospective, multicenter, patient-blinded, randomized controlled trial will enroll patients to receive the standard of care plus topical vancomycin, or the standard of care alone. The primary endpoint of this study is a SSI by postoperative day (POD) 30. Patients must be over 18years of age. Patients are excluded for renal insufficiency, vancomycin allergy, and some ineligible procedures. Univariate analysis and logistic regression will determine the effect of topical vancomycin on SSIs at 30days. A randomized controlled trial is needed to determine the efficacy of this treatment. Results of this trial are expected to directly influence the standard of care and prevention of SSIs in neurosurgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Jonokuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Jared Knopman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Ryan E Radwanski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Moises A Martinez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Blake Eaton Samuel Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Michael Rothbaum
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Sean Sullivan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Trae R Robison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Eric Lo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Brandon R Christophe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Eliza M Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Sabrina Khan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Christopher P Kellner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Dimitri Sigounas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Brett Youngerman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Emilia Bagiella
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science & Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Peter D Angevine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Franklin D Lowy
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - E Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Pediatric Patients With Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis: Data From the INSPPIRE (INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE) Study. Pancreas 2017; 46:764-769. [PMID: 28609364 PMCID: PMC5502745 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize utilization and benefit of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in children with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP). METHODS From August 2012 to February 2015, 301 children with ARP or CP were enrolled in the INSPPIRE (INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE) study. Physicians reported utilization and benefit of therapeutic ERCP at enrollment. Differences were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. RESULTS One hundred seventeen children (38.9%) underwent at least 1 therapeutic ERCP. The procedure was more commonly performed in children with CP compared with those with ARP (65.8% vs 13.5%, P < 0.0001). Utility of therapeutic ERCP was reported to be similar between ARP and CP (53% vs 56%, P = 0.81) and was found to be helpful for at least 1 indication in both groups (53/99 patients [53.5%]). Predictors for undergoing therapeutic ERCP were presence of obstructive factors in ARP and CP, Hispanic ethnicity, or white race in CP. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic ERCP is frequently utilized in children with ARP or CP and may offer benefit in selected cases, specifically if ductal obstruction is present. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of therapeutic ERCP and to explore subgroups that might have increased benefit from such intervention.
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Giefer MJ, Lowe ME, Werlin SL, Zimmerman B, Wilschanski M, Troendle D, Schwarzenberg SJ, Pohl JF, Palermo J, Ooi CY, Morinville VD, Lin TK, Husain SZ, Himes R, Heyman MB, Gonska T, Gariepy CE, Freedman SD, Fishman DS, Bellin MD, Barth B, Abu-El-Haija M, Uc A. Early-Onset Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis Is Associated with PRSS1 or CTRC Gene Mutations. J Pediatr 2017; 186:95-100. [PMID: 28502372 PMCID: PMC5506853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether the age of onset was associated with unique features or disease course in pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP). STUDY DESIGN Demographic and clinical information on children with ARP or CP was collected at INSPPIRE (INternational Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a CuRE) centers. The Cochran-Armitage trend test and Jonckheere-Terpstra test were used to examine for differences between pediatric age groups (<6, 6-11, and ≥12 years). RESULTS Between September 2012 and March 2016, 342 children with ARP or CP were enrolled; 129 (38%) were <6 years of age at the time of first diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, 111 (32%) were 6-11 years of age, and 102 (30%) were ≥12 years of age. Early-onset disease was associated with mutations in cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) (P < .01), chymotrypsin C (CTRC) (P = .01), family history of acute pancreatitis (P = .02), family history of CP (P < .01), biliary cysts (P = .04), or chronic renal failure (P = .02). Later-onset disease was more commonly present with hypertriglyceridemia (P = .04), ulcerative colitis (P = .02), autoimmune diseases (P < .0001), or medication use (P < .01). Children with later-onset disease also were more likely to visit the emergency department (P < .05) or have diabetes (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Early-onset pancreatitis is associated strongly with PRSS1 or CTRC mutations and family history of pancreatitis. Children with later-onset disease are more likely to have nongenetic risk factors. Future studies are needed to investigate whether the disease course, response to therapy, or clinical outcomes differ relative to the timing of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Giefer
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark E Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Steven L Werlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Bridget Zimmerman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA
| | - Michael Wilschanski
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Troendle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | | | - John F Pohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Joseph Palermo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sydney Children's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Veronique D Morinville
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tom K Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ryan Himes
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Melvin B Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl E Gariepy
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Melena D Bellin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bradley Barth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA.
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Abstract
Once considered uncommon, pancreatic diseases are increasingly recognized in the pediatric age group. Acute pancreatitis, acute recurrent pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis occur in children with an incidence approaching that of adults. Risk factors are broad, prompting the need for a completely different diagnostic and therapeutic approach in children. Although cystic fibrosis remains the most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, other causes such as chronic pancreatitis may be as common as Shwachman Diamond syndrome. Long-term effects of pancreatic diseases may be staggering, as children suffer from significant disease burden, high economic cost, nutritional deficiencies, pancreatogenic diabetes, and potentially pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Uc
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, BT 1120-C, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Douglas S. Fishman
- Texas Children’s Hospital; Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine
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Abstract
There has been a rise in the incidence and number of admissions of children with pancreatitis over the past 20 years. Current management practices for pancreatitis in children are adapted from standards of care for adults, and there are a lack of multicenter, prospective research studies on pancreatitis in children. There are inherent differences in the clinical presentation and natural course of pancreatitis between adults and children. This review focuses on the current understanding of the epidemiology, etiologies, evaluation, and management of children with pancreatitis. [Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(5):e207-e211.].
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Gariepy CE, Heyman MB, Lowe ME, Pohl JF, Werlin SL, Wilschanski M, Barth B, Fishman DS, Freedman SD, Giefer MJ, Gonska T, Himes R, Husain SZ, Morinville VD, Ooi CY, Schwarzenberg SJ, Troendle DM, Yen E, Uc A. Causal Evaluation of Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis in Children: Consensus From the INSPPIRE Group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64:95-103. [PMID: 27782962 PMCID: PMC5191966 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) have been diagnosed in children at increasing rates during the past decade. As pediatric ARP and CP are still relatively rare conditions, little quality evidence is available on which to base the diagnosis and determination of etiology. The aim of the study was to review the current state of the literature regarding the etiology of these disorders and to developed a consensus among a panel of clinically active specialists caring for children with these disorders to help guide the diagnostic evaluation and identify areas most in need of future research. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed and scored for quality, followed by consensus statements developed and scored by each individual in the group for level of agreement and strength of the supporting data using a modified Delphi method. Scores were analyzed for the level of consensus achieved by the group. RESULTS The panel reached consensus on 27 statements covering the definitions of pediatric ARP and CP, evaluation for potential etiologies of these disorders, and long-term monitoring. Statements for which the group reached consensus to make no recommendation or could not reach consensus are discussed. CONCLUSIONS This consensus helps define the minimal diagnostic evaluation and monitoring of children with ARP and CP. Even in areas in which we reached consensus, the quality of the evidence is weak, highlighting the need for further research. Improved understanding of the underlying cause will facilitate treatment development and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E. Gariepy
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Melvin B. Heyman
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark E. Lowe
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bradley Barth
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ryan Himes
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Chee Y. Ooi
- University of New South Wales and Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Yen
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Papachristou GI, Machicado JD, Stevens T, Goenka MK, Ferreira M, Gutierrez SC, Singh VK, Kamal A, Gonzalez-Gonzalez JA, Pelaez-Luna M, Gulla A, Zarnescu NO, Triantafyllou K, Barbu ST, Easler J, Ocampo C, Capurso G, Archibugi L, Cote GA, Lambiase L, Kochhar R, Chua T, Tiwari SC, Nawaz H, Park WG, de-Madaria E, Lee PJ, Wu BU, Greer PJ, Dugum M, Koutroumpakis E, Akshintala V, Gougol A. Acute pancreatitis patient registry to examine novel therapies in clinical experience (APPRENTICE): an international, multicenter consortium for the study of acute pancreatitis. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 30:106-113. [PMID: 28042246 PMCID: PMC5198234 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have established a multicenter international consortium to better understand the natural history of acute pancreatitis (AP) worldwide and to develop a platform for future randomized clinical trials. Methods The AP patient registry to examine novel therapies in clinical experience (APPRENTICE) was formed in July 2014. Detailed web-based questionnaires were then developed to prospectively capture information on demographics, etiology, pancreatitis history, comorbidities, risk factors, severity biomarkers, severity indices, health-care utilization, management strategies, and outcomes of AP patients. Results Between November 2015 and September 2016, a total of 20 sites (8 in the United States, 5 in Europe, 3 in South America, 2 in Mexico and 2 in India) prospectively enrolled 509 AP patients. All data were entered into the REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) database by participating centers and systematically reviewed by the coordinating site (University of Pittsburgh). The approaches and methodology are described in detail, along with an interim report on the demographic results. Conclusion APPRENTICE, an international collaboration of tertiary AP centers throughout the world, has demonstrated the feasibility of building a large, prospective, multicenter patient registry to study AP. Analysis of the collected data may provide a greater understanding of AP and APPRENTICE will serve as a future platform for randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios I Papachristou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (Georgios I. Papachristou, Jorge D. Machicado, Phil J. Greer, Mohannad Dugum, Efstratios Koutroumpakis Amir Gougol)
| | - Jorge D Machicado
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (Georgios I. Papachristou, Jorge D. Machicado, Phil J. Greer, Mohannad Dugum, Efstratios Koutroumpakis Amir Gougol)
| | - Tyler Stevens
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (Tyler Stevens, Tiffany Chua)
| | - Mahesh Kumar Goenka
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals Kolkata, Kolkata, India (Mahesh Kumar Goenka, Subhash Ch. Tewari)
| | - Miguel Ferreira
- Hospital Nacional de Itauguá, Itaugua, Paraguay (Miguel Ferreira)
| | - Silvia C Gutierrez
- Hospital Nacional "Profesor Alejandro Posadas", Buenos Aires, Argentina (Silvia C. Gutierrez)
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Vikesh K. Singh Ayesha Kamal, Venkata Akshintalaf)
| | - Ayesha Kamal
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Vikesh K. Singh Ayesha Kamal, Venkata Akshintalaf)
| | | | - Mario Pelaez-Luna
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán-Universidad Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (Mario Pelaez-Luna)
| | - Aiste Gulla
- Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA (Aiste Gulla); Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (Aiste Gulla)
| | - Narcis O Zarnescu
- Second Department of Surgery, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Narcis O. Zarnescu)
| | | | - Sorin T Barbu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania (Sorin T. Barbu)
| | - Jeffrey Easler
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (Jeffrey Easler)
| | - Carlos Ocampo
- Hospital General de Argudos "Dr. Cosme Argerich", Buenos Aires, Argentina (Carlos Ocampo)
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Gabriele Capurso, Livia Archibugi)
| | - Livia Archibugi
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Gabriele Capurso, Livia Archibugi)
| | - Gregory A Cote
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (Gregory A. Cote)
| | - Louis Lambiase
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA (Louis Lambiase)
| | - Rakesh Kochhar
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (Rakesh Kochhar)
| | - Tiffany Chua
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (Tyler Stevens, Tiffany Chua)
| | - Subhash Ch Tiwari
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals Kolkata, Kolkata, India (Mahesh Kumar Goenka, Subhash Ch. Tewari)
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Eastern Maine Medical Center, Maine, Bangor, USA (Haq Nawaz)
| | - Walter G Park
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Walter G. Park)
| | - Enrique de-Madaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL - Fundación FISABIO), Alicante, Spain (Enrique de-Madaria)
| | - Peter J Lee
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio, USA (Peter J. Lee)
| | - Bechien U Wu
- Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, California, USA (Bechien U. Wu)
| | - Phil J Greer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (Georgios I. Papachristou, Jorge D. Machicado, Phil J. Greer, Mohannad Dugum, Efstratios Koutroumpakis Amir Gougol)
| | - Mohannad Dugum
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (Georgios I. Papachristou, Jorge D. Machicado, Phil J. Greer, Mohannad Dugum, Efstratios Koutroumpakis Amir Gougol)
| | - Efstratios Koutroumpakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (Georgios I. Papachristou, Jorge D. Machicado, Phil J. Greer, Mohannad Dugum, Efstratios Koutroumpakis Amir Gougol)
| | - Venkata Akshintala
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Vikesh K. Singh Ayesha Kamal, Venkata Akshintalaf)
| | - Amir Gougol
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (Georgios I. Papachristou, Jorge D. Machicado, Phil J. Greer, Mohannad Dugum, Efstratios Koutroumpakis Amir Gougol)
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45
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Kumar S, Ooi CY, Werlin S, Abu-El-Haija M, Barth B, Bellin MD, Durie PR, Fishman DS, Freedman SD, Gariepy C, Giefer MJ, Gonska T, Heyman MB, Himes R, Husain SZ, Lin TK, Lowe ME, Morinville V, Palermo JJ, Pohl JF, Schwarzenberg SJ, Troendle D, Wilschanski M, Zimmerman MB, Uc A. Risk Factors Associated With Pediatric Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis: Lessons From INSPPIRE. JAMA Pediatr 2016; 170:562-9. [PMID: 27064572 PMCID: PMC5317277 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pediatric acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To characterize and identify risk factors associated with ARP and CP in childhood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multinational cross-sectional study of children with ARP or CP at the time of enrollment to the INSPPIRE (International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a Cure) study at participant institutions of the INSPPIRE Consortium. From August 22, 2012, to February 8, 2015, 155 children with ARP and 146 with CP (aged ≤19 years) were enrolled. Their demographic and clinical information was entered into the REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) database at the 15 centers. Differences were analyzed using 2-sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Disease burden variables (pain variables, hospital/emergency department visits, missed school days) were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Demographic characteristics, risk factors, abdominal pain, and disease burden. RESULTS A total of 301 children were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 11.9 [4.5] years; 172 [57%] female); 155 had ARP and 146 had CP. The majority of children with CP (123 of 146 [84%]) reported prior recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. Sex distribution was similar between the groups (57% female in both). Hispanic children were less likely to have CP than ARP (17% vs 28%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.92; P = .02). At least 1 gene mutation in pancreatitis-related genes was found in 48% of patients with ARP vs 73% of patients with CP (P < .001). Children with PRSS1 or SPINK1 mutations were more likely to present with CP compared with ARP (PRSS1: OR = 4.20; 95% CI, 2.14-8.22; P < .001; and SPINK1: OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.03-5.13; P = .04). Obstructive risk factors did not differ between children with ARP or CP (33% in both the ARP and CP groups), but toxic/metabolic risk factors were more common in children with ARP (21% overall; 26% in the ARP group and 15% in the CP group; OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.99; P = .046). Pancreatitis-related abdominal pain was a major symptom in 81% of children with ARP or CP within the last year. The disease burden was greater in the CP group compared with the ARP group (more emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and medical, endoscopic, and surgical interventions). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Genetic mutations are common in both ARP and CP. Ethnicity and mutations in PRSS1 or SPINK1 may influence the development of CP. The high disease burden in pediatric CP underscores the importance of identifying predisposing factors for progression of ARP to CP in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Kumar
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- University of New South Wales and Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Bradley Barth
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Melena D. Bellin
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melvin B. Heyman
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Himes
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Tom K. Lin
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mark E. Lowe
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Troendle
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
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46
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Direct Costs of Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis in Children in the INSPPIRE Registry. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62:443-9. [PMID: 26704866 PMCID: PMC4767646 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate selected direct medical care costs of children with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of data from International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a Cure (INSPPIRE), a multinational registry of children with ARP or CP. We determined health care utilization and estimated costs of hospitalizations, surgical and endoscopic procedures, and medications in our study population. Health care utilization data were obtained from all subjects enrolled in the study, and costs were calculated using national United States costs. RESULTS We included 224 subjects (median age 12.7 years), 42% of whom had CP. Mean number of hospitalizations, including for surgery and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, was 2.3 per person per year, costing an estimated average $38,755 per person per year. Including outpatient medications, estimated total mean cost was $40,589 per person per year. Subjects using surgical procedures or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography incurred mean annual costs of $42,951 per person and $12,035 per person, respectively. Estimated annual costs of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, diabetic medications, and pain medications were $4114, $1761, and $614 per person, respectively. In an exploratory analysis, patients with the following characteristics appear to accrue higher costs than those without them: more frequent ARP attacks per year, reported constant or episodic pain, family history of pancreatic cancer, and use of pain medication. CONCLUSIONS ARP and CP are uncommon childhood conditions. The severe burden of disease associated with these conditions and their chronicity results in high health care utilization and costs. Interventions that reduce the need for hospitalization could lower costs for these children and their families.
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47
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to describe recent developments in paediatric pancreatitis and to discuss causes and current management. RECENT FINDINGS Although recent studies have estimated the annual incidence of paediatric acute pancreatitis approaching that of adults, there are no established guidelines about its diagnosis and treatment in children. Genetic and structural/congenital abnormalities are emerging as the primary risk factors for paediatric acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis. Specifically, chronic pancreatitis is associated with a significant socioeconomic burden in children. Both medical and surgical therapies are proposed for paediatric chronic pancreatitis, but there is little evidence that they are beneficial. SUMMARY Acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis create significant health issues in the paediatric population. Medical and surgical therapies exist to potentially treat these conditions, but the paediatric data are limited and the cohorts are small. A multidisciplinary and multicentre approach is necessary to better determine pancreatic disease processes and treatment options in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Pohl
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Primary Children’s Hospital, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aliye Uc
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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48
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Azhari H, Rahhal R, Uc A. Is Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation A Reasonable Choice for Pediatric Pancreatitis? JOP : JOURNAL OF THE PANCREAS 2015; 16:335-341. [PMID: 26523129 PMCID: PMC4624457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is an emerging and poorly understood disease in childhood. Total pancreatectomy with islet cell autotransplantation is being proposed as a treatment for chronic pancreatitis and recent studies report a more favorable outcome in children compared to adults. Herein, we review the therapeutic alternatives for pediatric chronic pancreatitis, focusing primarily on TP/IAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azhari
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta-University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Riad Rahhal
- University of Iowa Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
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49
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ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN Report on the Assessment of Exocrine Pancreatic Function and Pancreatitis in Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 61:144-53. [PMID: 25915425 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this clinical report is to discuss several recent advances in assessing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and pancreatitis in children, to review the array of pancreatic function tests, to provide an update on the inherited causes of EPI, with special emphasis on newly available genetic testing, and to review newer methods for evaluating pancreatitis.
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50
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Schwarzenberg SJ, Bellin M, Husain SZ, Ahuja M, Barth B, Davis H, Durie PR, Fishman DS, Freedman SD, Gariepy CE, Giefer MJ, Gonska T, Heyman MB, Himes R, Kumar S, Morinville VD, Lowe ME, Nuehring NE, Ooi CY, Pohl JF, Troendle D, Werlin SL, Wilschanski M, Yen E, Uc A. Pediatric chronic pancreatitis is associated with genetic risk factors and substantial disease burden. J Pediatr 2015; 166:890-896.e1. [PMID: 25556020 PMCID: PMC4380827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical presentation, diagnostic variables, risk factors, and disease burden in children with chronic pancreatitis. STUDY DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study of data from the International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a Cure, a registry of children with acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Between-group differences were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Among 170 subjects in the registry, 76 (45%) had chronic pancreatitis; 57% were female, 80% were white; median age at diagnosis was 9.9 years. Pancreatitis-predisposing genetic mutations were identified in 51 (67%) and obstructive risk factors in 25 (33%). Toxic/metabolic and autoimmune factors were uncommon. Imaging demonstrated ductal abnormalities and pancreatic atrophy more commonly than calcifications. Fifty-nine (77%) reported abdominal pain within the past year; pain was reported as constant and receiving narcotics in 28%. Children with chronic pancreatitis reported a median of 3 emergency department visits and 2 hospitalizations in the last year. Forty-seven subjects (70%) missed 1 day of school in the past month as the result of chronic pancreatitis; 26 (34%) missed 3 or more days. Children reporting constant pain were more likely to miss school (P = .002), visit the emergency department (P = .01), and experience hospitalizations (P = .03) compared with children with episodic pain. Thirty-three children (43%) underwent therapeutic endoscopic retrograde pancreatography; one or more pancreatic surgeries were performed in 30 (39%). CONCLUSIONS Chronic pancreatitis occurs at a young age with distinct clinical features. Genetic and obstructive risk factors are common, and disease burden is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melena Bellin
- University of Minnesota Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Monika Ahuja
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bradley Barth
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Heather Davis
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melvin B. Heyman
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Himes
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soma Kumar
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Mark E. Lowe
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Neil E. Nuehring
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales and Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David Troendle
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Yen
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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