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Lu X, Luo C, Wu J, Deng Y, Mu X, Zhang T, Yang X, Liu Q, Li Z, Tang S, Hu Y, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. Ion channels and transporters regulate nutrient absorption in health and disease. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2631-2642. [PMID: 37638698 PMCID: PMC10494301 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels and transporters are ubiquitously expressed on cell membrane, which involve in a plethora of physiological process such as contraction, neurotransmission, secretion and so on. Ion channels and transporters is of great importance to maintaining membrane potential homeostasis, which is essential to absorption of nutrients in gastrointestinal tract. Most of nutrients are electrogenic and require ion channels and transporters to absorb. This review summarizes the latest research on the role of ion channels and transporters in regulating nutrient uptake such as K+ channels, Ca2+ channels and ion exchangers. Revealing the mechanism of ion channels and transporters associated with nutrient uptake will be helpful to provide new methods to diagnosis and find potential targets for diseases like diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc. Even though some of study still remain ambiguous and in early stage, we believe that ion channels and transporters will be novel therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Lu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jiangbo Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ya Deng
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xingyi Mu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Qian Du
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of GastroenterologyDigestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Collaborative InnovAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical Universityation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a heritable, multiorgan disease that impacts all tissues that normally express cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. While the importance of the airway microbiota has long been recognized, the intestinal microbiota has only recently been recognized as an important player in both intestinal and lung health outcomes for persons with CF (pwCF). Here, we summarize current literature related to the gut-lung axis in CF, with a particular focus on three key ideas: (i) mechanisms through which microbes influence the gut-lung axis, (ii) drivers of microbiota alterations, and (iii) the potential for intestinal microbiota remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover New Hampshire, USA
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover New Hampshire, USA
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The intestinal virome in children with cystic fibrosis differs from healthy controls. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233557. [PMID: 32442222 PMCID: PMC7244107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacterial dysbiosis is evident in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and intestinal viruses may be contributory, given their influence on bacterial species diversity and biochemical cycles. We performed a prospective, case-control study on children with CF and age and gender matched healthy controls (HC), to investigate the composition and function of intestinal viral communities. Stool samples were enriched for viral DNA and RNA by viral extraction, random amplification and purification before sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Taxonomic assignment of viruses was performed using Vipie. Functional annotation was performed using Virsorter. Inflammation was measured by calprotectin and M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK). Eight CF and eight HC subjects were included (50% male, mean age 6.9 ± 3.0 and 6.4 ± 5.3 years, respectively, p = 0.8). All CF subjects were pancreatic insufficient. Regarding the intestinal virome, no difference in Shannon index between CF and HC was identified. Taxonomy-based beta-diversity (presence-absence Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) was significantly different between CF and HC (R2 = 0.12, p = 0.001). Myoviridae, Faecalibacterium phage FP Taranis and unclassified Gokushovirinae were significantly decreased in CF compared with HC (q<0.05). In children with CF (compared to HC), the relative abundance of genes annotated to (i) a peptidoglycan-binding domain of the peptidoglycan hydrolases (COG3409) was significantly increased (q<0.05) and (ii) capsid protein (F protein) (PF02305.16) was significantly decreased (q<0.05). Picornavirales, Picornaviridae, and Enterovirus were found to positively correlate with weight and BMI (r = 0.84, q = 0.01). Single-stranded DNA viruses negatively correlated with M2-PK (r = -0.86, q = 0.048). Children with CF have an altered intestinal virome compared to well-matched HC, with both taxonomic and predicted functional changes. Further exploration of Faecalibacterium phages, Gokushovirinae and phage lysins are warranted. Intestinal viruses and their functions may have important clinical implications for intestinal inflammation and growth in children with CF, potentially providing novel therapeutic targets.
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Ikpa PT, Meijsen KF, Nieuwenhuijze ND, Dulla K, de Jonge HR, Bijvelds MJ. Transcriptome analysis of the distal small intestine of Cftr null mice. Genomics 2020; 112:1139-1150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang D, Li S, Wang N, Tan HY, Zhang Z, Feng Y. The Cross-Talk Between Gut Microbiota and Lungs in Common Lung Diseases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:301. [PMID: 32158441 PMCID: PMC7052046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging findings indicate there is a vital cross-talk between gut microbiota and the lungs, which is known as gut-lung axis. The gut disturbances in lung diseases including allergy, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and lung cancer were observed by extensive studies. Investigating how gut microbiota impact other distant organs is of great interest in recent years. Although it has not been fully understood whether the disturbance is the cause or effect of lung diseases, alterations in the gut microbial species and metabolites have been linked to changes in immune responses and inflammation as well as the disease development in the lungs. In this article, we systemically review the role and mechanisms underlying the changes in the constituent of gut microbiota and metabolites in lung diseases. In particular, the roles of gut-lung axis in mediating immune responses and reshaping inflammation are highlighted. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota and metabolites as the therapeutic approach for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Coffey MJ, Nielsen S, Wemheuer B, Kaakoush NO, Garg M, Needham B, Pickford R, Jaffe A, Thomas T, Ooi CY. Gut Microbiota in Children With Cystic Fibrosis: A Taxonomic and Functional Dysbiosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18593. [PMID: 31819107 PMCID: PMC6901462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis has been observed in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet the functional consequences are poorly understood. We investigated the functional capacity of intestinal microbiota and inflammation in children with CF. Stool samples were collected from 27 children with CF and 27 age and gender matched healthy controls (HC) (aged 0.8-18 years). Microbial communities were investigated by iTag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and functional profiles predicted using Tax4Fun. Inflammation was measured by faecal calprotectin and M2-pyruvate kinase. Paediatric CF gastrointestinal microbiota demonstrated lower richness and diversity compared to HC. CF samples exhibited a marked taxonomic and inferred functional dysbiosis when compared to HC. In children with CF, we predicted an enrichment of genes involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), antioxidant and nutrient metabolism (relevant for growth and nutrition) in CF. The notion of pro-inflammatory GI microbiota in children with CF is supported by positive correlations between intestinal inflammatory markers and both genera and functional pathways. We also observed an association between intestinal genera and both growth z-scores and FEV1%. These taxonomic and functional changes provide insights into gastrointestinal disease in children with CF and future gastrointestinal therapeutics for CF should explore the aforementioned pathways and microbial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coffey
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun Nielsen
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Millie Garg
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwen Needham
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (MWAC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, High Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, High Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Seidler U, Nikolovska K. Slc26 Family of Anion Transporters in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Expression, Function, Regulation, and Role in Disease. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:839-872. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bertolini A, van de Peppel IP, Doktorova-Demmin M, Bodewes FAJA, de Jonge H, Bijvelds M, Verkade HJ, Jonker JW. Defective FXR-FGF15 signaling and bile acid homeostasis in cystic fibrosis mice can be restored by the laxative polyethylene glycol. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G404-G411. [PMID: 30653340 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00188.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal phenotype of cystic fibrosis (CF) features intestinal bile acid (BA) malabsorption, impaired intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation, and consequently reduced fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19, FGF15 in mice) production. The osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been shown to decrease intestinal mucus accumulation in CF mice and could, by doing so, improve BA reabsorption. Here we determined the effect of PEG on BA excretion and FXR-FGF15 signaling in CF mice. Male Cftr-/-tm1Unc (CF) and wild-type (WT) littermates were administered PEG 4000 in drinking water and fed either chow or a semisynthetic diet. PEG was withdrawn for 3 days before termination. Fecal BA excretion was measured at PEG dosages of 37 g/l (100%) and 0 g/l (0%). Ileal FXR activation was assessed by gene expression of its downstream targets Fgf15 and small heterodimer partner ( Shp). In CF mice, PEG withdrawal increased fecal BA excretion on either diet compared with full PEG dosage (chow, 2-fold, P = 0.06; semisynthetic, 4.4-fold, P = 0.007). PEG withdrawal did not affect fecal BA excretion in WT mice on either diet. After PEG withdrawal, gene expression levels of intestinal FXR target genes Fgf15 and Shp were decreased in CF mice but unaffected in WT littermates. PEG did not affect the gene expression of the main intestinal BA transporter apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT). PEG treatment ameliorates intestinal BA malabsorption in CF mice and restores intestinal FXR-FGF15 signaling, independent from Asbt gene expression. These findings highlight the potential of PEG in the prevention and treatment of the gastrointestinal phenotype of CF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A gastrointestinal feature of cystic fibrosis is bile acid malabsorption and consequent impairment of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling. FXR-FGF15 signaling regulates various metabolic processes and could be implicated in metabolic and gastrointestinal complications of cystic fibrosis, such as diabetes and liver disease. In cystic fibrosis mice, treatment with the osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol is associated with decreased fecal bile acid loss and restoration of FXR-FGF15 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bertolini
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ivo P van de Peppel
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marcela Doktorova-Demmin
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Frank A J A Bodewes
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Jonge
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Bijvelds
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Laboratory of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Lord R, Fairbourn N, Mylavarapu C, Dbeis A, Bowman T, Chandrashekar A, Banayat T, Hodges CA, Al-Nakkash L. Consuming Genistein Improves Survival Rates in the Absence of Laxative in ΔF508-CF Female Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1418. [PMID: 30282922 PMCID: PMC6213472 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone found in soy. Genistein has been shown to increase the open probability of the most common cystic fibrosis (CF) disease-associated mutation, ∆F508-CFTR. Mice homozygous for the ∆F508 mutation are characterized with severe intestinal disease and require constant laxative treatment for survival. This pathology mimics the intestinal obstruction (meconium ileus) seen in some cystic fibrosis patients. This study tested whether dietary supplementation with genistein would reduce the dependence of the ∆F508 CF mouse model on laxatives for survival, thereby improving mortality rates. At weaning (21 days), homozygous ∆F508 mice were maintained on one of three diet regimens for a period of up to 65 days: normal diet, normal diet plus colyte, or genistein diet. Survival rates for males were as follows: standard diet (38%, n = 21), standard diet plus colyte (83%, n = 42) and genistein diet (60%, n = 15). Survival rates for females were as follows: standard diet (47%, n = 19), standard diet plus colyte (71%, n = 38), and genistein diet (87%, n = 15). Average weight of male mice fed genistein diet increased by ~2.5 g more (p = 0.006) compared to those with colyte treatment. Genistein diet did not change final body weight of females. Expression of intestinal SGLT-1 increased 2-fold (p = 0.0005) with genistein diet in females (no change in males, p = 0.722). Expression of GLUT2 and GLUT5 was comparable between all diet groups. Genistein diet reduced the number of goblet cells per micrometer of crypt depth in female (p = 0.0483), yet was without effect in males (p = 0.7267). The results from this study demonstrate that supplementation of diet with genistein for ~45 days increases the survival rate of female ∆F508-CF mice (precluding the requirement for laxatives), and genistein only improves weight gain in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lord
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Nathan Fairbourn
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Charisma Mylavarapu
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Ammer Dbeis
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Taylor Bowman
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Archana Chandrashekar
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Tatum Banayat
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences & Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, 830 BRB, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
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Garg M, Leach ST, Pang T, Needham B, Coffey MJ, Katz T, Strachan R, Widger J, Field P, Belessis Y, Chuang S, Day AS, Jaffe A, Ooi CY. Age-related levels of fecal M2-pyruvate kinase in children with cystic fibrosis and healthy children 0 to 10years old. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 17:109-113. [PMID: 28754328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of gut inflammation, bacterial dysbiosis and increased rates of malignancy in CF is unclear. Fecal M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) is a biomarker indicative of cellular proliferation that may be raised in intestinal malignancy and inflammation. Biomarkers, including M2-PK, may be useful in assessing effects of novel therapies on the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS M2-PK was measured in stools collected from patients with CF and HC (0-10years). Linear mixed model analysis was used. RESULTS M2-PK levels did not significantly change in children with CF (36 patients, 77 samples) (P=0.998) or HC (45 patients, 45 samples) (P=0.21), over the age range 0-10years. Patients with CF had elevated M2-PK compared to HC (median [IQR; range]: 10.7 [5.7-28.6; 1.0-239.1] (n=77) vs. 1.0 [1.0-1.0; 1.0-50.0] (n=45) U/mL, respectively; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Fecal M2-PK was elevated in children with CF compared with HC during infancy and throughout childhood suggesting abnormalities in the CF gut exist in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie Garg
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven T Leach
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Pang
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwen Needham
- Sydney Medical Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Coffey
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamarah Katz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roxanne Strachan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Widger
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penelope Field
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yvonne Belessis
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Chuang
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Riccarton Ave, Christchurch 8011, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- School of Women and Children's Health, Medicine, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia.
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Age-dependent variation of fecal calprotectin in cystic fibrosis and healthy children. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:631-636. [PMID: 28416415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal calprotectin may be used as a non-invasive method to assess the effect of novel therapies on the gut in cystic fibrosis (CF). METHOD Stools from CF patients and healthy controls (HC) (0-10years old) were prospectively collected for evaluation of temporal trends. RESULTS 130 CF samples (64 subjects) and 114 HC samples (101 subjects) were collected. Overall, fecal calprotectin levels were different in CF patients and HC from 0 to 10years (P=0.0002). Fecal calprotectin in CF was significantly lower than HC from 0 to 1years (P=0.03) and demonstrated an upward trajectory until 4years. From >4 to 10years calprotectin was consistently higher in CF patients compared with HC (P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Fecal calprotectin levels in children with CF and HC were age-dependent and had distinct trajectories. Careful interpretation of calprotectin is required if used in drug trials for CF, particularly in children less than 4years old.
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Complex Relation Between Diet and Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Children With Cystic Fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64:598-604. [PMID: 28333826 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Altered total plasma n-6 and n-3 fatty acids are common in cystic fibrosis (CF). Whether alterations extend to plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and are explained by diet is unclear. The present study was to describe the dietary intake of a large group of children with CF and to determine whether dietary fat composition explains differences in plasma PC and PE fatty acids between children with and without CF. METHODS Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Venous blood was collected. Plasma PC and PE were separately analyzed for fatty acids. RESULTS Children with CF, n = 74, consumed more calories and fat (g/day and % energy), with significantly more saturates mainly from dairy foods and less polyunsaturates including linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (% fat) than reference children, n = 71. A subset of children with CF, not differing in dietary intake from the larger group, had significantly lower LA and DHA, but higher EPA in plasma PC and had higher LA and lower ARA and DHA in plasma PE, compared to a subset of reference children. In both groups, LA intake and LA in plasma PC and PE were not associated. EPA and DHA intakes were positively associated with EPA and DHA, respectively, in plasma PC, but not PE, in reference children only. CONCLUSIONS The fatty acid composition of plasma PC and PE is altered in CF. Fatty acid differences between children with and without CF are inconsistent between PC and PE and are not explained by dietary fat.
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Garg M, Ooi CY. The Enigmatic Gut in Cystic Fibrosis: Linking Inflammation, Dysbiosis, and the Increased Risk of Malignancy. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2017; 19:6. [PMID: 28155088 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-017-0546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intestinal inflammation, dysbiosis, and increased gastrointestinal malignancy risks are well-described in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, there is limited understanding of their pathophysiology. This review aims to discuss these issues and assess potential links between them. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence of links between intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis (an imbalance in intestinal microbial populations) exist. Recent studies have demonstrated reduction in intestinal inflammation with probiotic administration. Both bacterial dysbiosis and gut inflammation contribute to the suboptimal nutritional status seen in children with CF. Short-chain fatty acids may be reduced in the gut lumen as a result of bacterial imbalances and may promote inflammation. Inflammation and bacterial dysbiosis in CF may also contribute to emerging adult complications such as gastrointestinal malignancy. An increase in carcinogenic microbes and reduction in microbes protective against cancer have been found in CF, linking bacterial dysbiosis and cancer. Murine studies suggest the CF gene, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, itself may be a tumour suppressor gene. The pathophysiology of interactions among intestinal inflammation, dysbiosis, and malignancy in CF is not clearly understood and requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie Garg
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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