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Ueda H, Tran QTH, Tran LNT, Higasa K, Ikeda Y, Kondo N, Hashiyada M, Sato C, Sato Y, Ashida A, Nishio S, Iwata Y, Iida H, Matsuoka D, Hidaka Y, Fukui K, Itami S, Kawashita N, Sugimoto K, Nozu K, Hattori M, Tsukaguchi H. Characterization of cytoskeletal and structural effects of INF2 variants causing glomerulopathy and neuropathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12003. [PMID: 37491439 PMCID: PMC10368640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common glomerular injury leading to end-stage renal disease. Monogenic FSGS is primarily ascribed to decreased podocyte integrity. Variants between residues 184 and 245 of INF2, an actin assembly factor, produce the monogenic FSGS phenotype. Meanwhile, variants between residues 57 and 184 cause a dual-faceted disease involving peripheral neurons and podocytes (Charcot-Marie-Tooth CMT/FSGS). To understand the molecular basis for INF2 disorders, we compared structural and cytoskeletal effects of INF2 variants classified into two subgroups: One (G73D, V108D) causes the CMT/FSGS phenotype, and the other (T161N, N202S) produces monogenic FSGS. Molecular dynamics analysis revealed that all INF2 variants show distinct flexibility compared to the wild-type INF2 and could affect stability of an intramolecular interaction between their N- and C-terminal segments. Immunocytochemistry of cells expressing INF2 variants showed fewer actin stress fibers, and disorganization of cytoplasmic microtubule arrays. Notably, CMT/FSGS variants caused more prominent changes in mitochondrial distribution and fragmentation than FSGS variants and these changes correlated with the severity of cytoskeletal disruption. Our results indicate that CMT/FSGS variants are associated with more severe global cellular defects caused by disrupted cytoskeleton-organelle interactions than are FSGS variants. Further study is needed to clarify tissue-specific pathways and/or cellular functions implicated in FSGS and CMT phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ueda
- Division of Nephrology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Quynh Thuy Huong Tran
- Division of Nephrology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Linh Nguyen Truc Tran
- Division of Nephrology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kondo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masaki Hashiyada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Chika Sato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Ashida
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Saori Nishio
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Transplantation Promotion Foundation, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hidaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Suzu Itami
- Major in Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawashita
- Department of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hattori
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsukaguchi
- Division of Nephrology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
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Koike H, Furukawa S, Mouri N, Fukami Y, Iijima M, Katsuno M. Dosage effects of PMP22 on nonmyelinating Schwann cells in hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:503-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Control of Synapse Structure and Function by Actin and Its Regulators. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040603. [PMID: 35203254 PMCID: PMC8869895 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons transmit and receive information at specialized junctions called synapses. Excitatory synapses form at the junction between a presynaptic axon terminal and a postsynaptic dendritic spine. Supporting the shape and function of these junctions is a complex network of actin filaments and its regulators. Advances in microscopic techniques have enabled studies of the organization of actin at synapses and its dynamic regulation. In addition to highlighting recent advances in the field, we will provide a brief historical perspective of the understanding of synaptic actin at the synapse. We will also highlight key neuronal functions regulated by actin, including organization of proteins in the pre- and post- synaptic compartments and endocytosis of ion channels. We review the evidence that synapses contain distinct actin pools that differ in their localization and dynamic behaviors and discuss key functions for these actin pools. Finally, whole exome sequencing of humans with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders has identified synaptic actin regulators as key disease risk genes. We briefly summarize how genetic variants in these genes impact neurotransmission via their impact on synaptic actin.
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Abstract
Almost 25 years have passed since a mutation of a formin gene, DIAPH1, was identified as being responsible for a human inherited disorder: a form of sensorineural hearing loss. Since then, our knowledge of the links between formins and disease has deepened considerably. Mutations of DIAPH1 and six other formin genes (DAAM2, DIAPH2, DIAPH3, FMN2, INF2 and FHOD3) have been identified as the genetic cause of a variety of inherited human disorders, including intellectual disability, renal disease, peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, primary ovarian insufficiency, hearing loss and cardiomyopathy. In addition, alterations in formin genes have been associated with a variety of pathological conditions, including developmental defects affecting the heart, nervous system and kidney, aging-related diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the most recent discoveries about the involvement of formin alterations in monogenic disorders and other human pathological conditions, especially cancer, with which they have been associated. In vitro results and experiments in modified animal models are discussed. Finally, we outline the directions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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5
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Labat-de-Hoz L, Alonso MA. The formin INF2 in disease: progress from 10 years of research. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4581-4600. [PMID: 32451589 PMCID: PMC11104792 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Formins are a conserved family of proteins that primarily act to form linear polymers of actin. Despite their importance to the normal functioning of the cytoskeleton, for a long time, the only two formin genes known to be a genetic cause of human disorders were DIAPH1 and DIAPH3, whose mutation causes two distinct forms of hereditary deafness. In the last 10 years, however, the formin INF2 has emerged as an important target of mutations responsible for the appearance of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, which are histological lesions associated with glomerulus degeneration that often leads to end-stage renal disease. In some rare cases, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis concurs with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which is a degenerative neurological disorder affecting peripheral nerves. All known INF2 gene mutations causing disease map to the exons encoding the amino-terminal domain. In this review, we summarize the structure, biochemical features and functions of INF2, conduct a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the pathogenic INF2 mutations, including a detailed study exon-by-exon of patient cases and mutations, address the impact of the pathogenic mutations on the structure, regulation and known functions of INF2, draw a series of conclusions that could be useful for INF2-related disease diagnosis, and suggest lines of research for future work on the molecular mechanisms by which INF2 causes disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Much More Than a Scaffold: Cytoskeletal Proteins in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020358. [PMID: 32033020 PMCID: PMC7072452 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent observations related to the structure of the cytoskeleton in neurons and novel cytoskeletal abnormalities involved in the pathophysiology of some neurological diseases are changing our view on the function of the cytoskeletal proteins in the nervous system. These efforts allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological diseases and allow us to see beyond our current knowledge for the development of new treatments. The neuronal cytoskeleton can be described as an organelle formed by the three-dimensional lattice of the three main families of filaments: actin filaments, microtubules, and neurofilaments. This organelle organizes well-defined structures within neurons (cell bodies and axons), which allow their proper development and function through life. Here, we will provide an overview of both the basic and novel concepts related to those cytoskeletal proteins, which are emerging as potential targets in the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurological disorders.
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7
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Snoek R, Nguyen TQ, van der Zwaag B, van Zuilen AD, Kruis HME, van Gils-Verrij LA, Goldschmeding R, Knoers NVAM, Rookmaaker MB, van Eerde AM. Importance of Genetic Diagnostics in Adult-Onset Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Nephron Clin Pract 2019; 142:351-358. [PMID: 31096240 DOI: 10.1159/000499937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histological pattern of podocyte and glomerulus injury. FSGS can be primary and secondary to other diseases or due to a genetic cause. Strikingly, genetic causes for adult-onset FSGS are often overlooked, likely because identifying patients with genetic forms of FSGS based on clinical presentation and histopathology is difficult. Yet diagnosing genetic FSGS does not only have implications for prognostication and therapy but also for family and family planning. In this case series, we present 3 adult patients who presented with advanced renal disease with the histological picture of FSGS and proved to have a genetic cause of the disease, namely, variants in INF2, COL4A4 and HNF1B, respectively. We show the possibilities of identifying genetic FSGS based on clinical clues of a positive family history, early age at onset of disease, and/or severe therapy-resistant disease. We discuss ways to select the method of genetic testing for individual patients. Finally, we examine how the judicious use of genetic investigations can obviate potential harmful diagnostic procedures and direct clinical decisions in patients and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozemarijn Snoek
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tri Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Zwaag
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D van Zuilen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah M E Kruis
- Department of Nephrology, Elyse Renal Clinic, Woerden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nine V A M Knoers
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albertien M van Eerde
- Department of Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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8
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Echaniz-Laguna A, Latour P. A cryptic splicing mutation in the INF2 gene causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with minimal glomerular dysfunction. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2019; 24:120-124. [PMID: 30680856 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the inverted formin-2 (INF2) gene provoke focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease with FSGS. Here, we report four patients from a three-generation family with a new cryptic splicing INF2 mutation causing autosomal dominant intermediate CMT with minimal glomerular dysfunction. Three males and one female with a mean age of 51 years (26-87) presented with a slowly progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy, pes cavus, and kyphoscoliosis. Mean age at CMT disease onset was 11.5 years (3-17), and electrophysiological studies showed demyelinating and axonal features consistent with intermediate CMT. Plasma albumin and creatinine were normal in all four cases, and urine protein was normal in one case and mildly raised in three patients (mean: 0.32 g/L [0.18-0.44], N < 0.14). Genetic analysis found a c.271C > G (p. Arg91Gly) variation in INF2 exon 2, and in vitro splicing assays showed the deletion of the last 120 nucleotides of INF2 exon 2 leading to a 40 amino acids in-frame deletion (p. Arg91_p. Gln130del). This report expands the genetic spectrum of INF2-associated disorders and demonstrates that INF2 mutations may provoke isolated CMT with no clinically relevant kidney involvement. Consequently, INF2 mutation analysis should not be restricted to individuals with coincident neuropathy and renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,INSERM U1195 & Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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9
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Multiple roles of the actin and microtubule-regulating formins in the developing brain. Neurosci Res 2019; 138:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Mathis S, Magy L, Le Masson G, Richard L, Soulages A, Solé G, Duval F, Ghorab K, Vallat JM, Duchesne M. Value of nerve biopsy in the management of peripheral neuropathies. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:589-602. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1489240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Mathis
- Department of Neurology (Nerve-Muscle Unit), CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), Bordeaux, France
- National Reference Center ‘maladies neuromusculaires du grand sud-ouest’, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- Department of Neurology, University hospital, Limoges, France
- National Reference Center for ‘rare peripheral neuropathies’, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Gwendal Le Masson
- Department of Neurology (Nerve-Muscle Unit), CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), Bordeaux, France
- National Reference Center ‘maladies neuromusculaires du grand sud-ouest’, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- Department of Neurology, University hospital, Limoges, France
- National Reference Center for ‘rare peripheral neuropathies’, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Antoine Soulages
- Department of Neurology (Nerve-Muscle Unit), CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), Bordeaux, France
| | - Guilhem Solé
- Department of Neurology (Nerve-Muscle Unit), CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), Bordeaux, France
- National Reference Center ‘maladies neuromusculaires du grand sud-ouest’, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Duval
- Department of Neurology (Nerve-Muscle Unit), CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), Bordeaux, France
- National Reference Center ‘maladies neuromusculaires du grand sud-ouest’, CHU Bordeaux (Pellegrin Hospital), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karima Ghorab
- Department of Neurology, University hospital, Limoges, France
- National Reference Center for ‘rare peripheral neuropathies’, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Department of Neurology, University hospital, Limoges, France
- National Reference Center for ‘rare peripheral neuropathies’, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Mathilde Duchesne
- National Reference Center for ‘rare peripheral neuropathies’, University Hospital, Limoges, France
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Limoges, France
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11
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Duchesne M, Mathis S, Richard L, Magdelaine C, Corcia P, Nouioua S, Tazir M, Magy L, Vallat JM. Nerve Biopsy Is Still Useful in Some Inherited Neuropathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 77:88-99. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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12
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Hegsted A, Yingling CV, Pruyne D. Inverted formins: A subfamily of atypical formins. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 74:405-419. [PMID: 28921928 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Formins are a family of regulators of actin and microtubule dynamics that are present in almost all eukaryotes. These proteins are involved in many cellular processes, including cytokinesis, stress fiber formation, and cell polarization. Here we review one subfamily of formins, the inverted formins. Inverted formins as a group break several formin stereotypes, having atypical biochemical properties and domain organization, and they have been linked to kidney disease and neuropathy in humans. In this review, we will explore recent research on members of the inverted formin sub-family in mammals, zebrafish, fruit flies, and worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hegsted
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - Curtis V Yingling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - David Pruyne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210
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13
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Weis J, Claeys KG, Roos A, Azzedine H, Katona I, Schröder JM, Senderek J. Towards a functional pathology of hereditary neuropathies. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:493-515. [PMID: 27896434 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of hereditary neuropathies have been assigned to causative gene defects in recent years. The study of human nerve biopsy samples has contributed substantially to the discovery of many of these neuropathy genes. Genotype-phenotype correlations based on peripheral nerve pathology have provided a comprehensive picture of the consequences of these mutations. Intriguingly, several gene defects lead to distinguishable lesion patterns that can be studied in nerve biopsies. These characteristic features include the loss of certain nerve fiber populations and a large spectrum of distinct structural changes of axons, Schwann cells and other components of peripheral nerves. In several instances the lesion patterns are directly or indirectly linked to the known functions of the mutated gene. The present review is designed to provide an overview on these characteristic patterns. It also considers other aspects important for the manifestation and pathology of hereditary neuropathies including the role of inflammation, effects of chemotherapeutic agents and alterations detectable in skin biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Roos
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hamid Azzedine
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Istvan Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Michael Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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14
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Intermediate Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease: an electrophysiological reappraisal and systematic review. J Neurol 2017; 264:1655-1677. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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The Caenorhabditis elegans Excretory System: A Model for Tubulogenesis, Cell Fate Specification, and Plasticity. Genetics 2017; 203:35-63. [PMID: 27183565 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.189357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The excretory system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a superb model of tubular organogenesis involving a minimum of cells. The system consists of just three unicellular tubes (canal, duct, and pore), a secretory gland, and two associated neurons. Just as in more complex organs, cells of the excretory system must first adopt specific identities and then coordinate diverse processes to form tubes of appropriate topology, shape, connectivity, and physiological function. The unicellular topology of excretory tubes, their varied and sometimes complex shapes, and the dynamic reprogramming of cell identity and remodeling of tube connectivity that occur during larval development are particularly fascinating features of this organ. The physiological roles of the excretory system in osmoregulation and other aspects of the animal's life cycle are only beginning to be explored. The cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways used to build and shape excretory tubes appear similar to those used in both unicellular and multicellular tubes in more complex organs, such as the vertebrate vascular system and kidney, making this simple organ system a useful model for understanding disease processes.
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16
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Geuens T, De Winter V, Rajan N, Achsel T, Mateiu L, Almeida-Souza L, Asselbergh B, Bouhy D, Auer-Grumbach M, Bagni C, Timmerman V. Mutant HSPB1 causes loss of translational repression by binding to PCBP1, an RNA binding protein with a possible role in neurodegenerative disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28077174 PMCID: PMC5225548 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock protein HSPB1 (Hsp27) is an ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone able to regulate various cellular functions like actin dynamics, oxidative stress regulation and anti-apoptosis. So far disease causing mutations in HSPB1 have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as distal hereditary motor neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Most mutations in HSPB1 target its highly conserved α-crystallin domain, while other mutations affect the C- or N-terminal regions or its promotor. Mutations inside the α-crystallin domain have been shown to enhance the chaperone activity of HSPB1 and increase the binding to client proteins. However, the HSPB1-P182L mutation, located outside and downstream of the α-crystallin domain, behaves differently. This specific HSPB1 mutation results in a severe neuropathy phenotype affecting exclusively the motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system. We identified that the HSPB1-P182L mutant protein has a specifically increased interaction with the RNA binding protein poly(C)binding protein 1 (PCBP1) and results in a reduction of its translational repressive activity. RNA immunoprecipitation followed by RNA sequencing on mouse brain lead to the identification of PCBP1 mRNA targets. These targets contain larger 3′- and 5′-UTRs than average and are enriched in an RNA motif consisting of the CTCCTCCTCCTCC consensus sequence. Interestingly, next to the clear presence of neuronal transcripts among the identified PCBP1 targets we identified known genes associated with hereditary peripheral neuropathies and hereditary spastic paraplegias. We therefore conclude that HSPB1 can mediate translational repression through interaction with an RNA binding protein further supporting its role in neurodegenerative disease.
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Shaye DD, Greenwald I. A network of conserved formins, regulated by the guanine exchange factor EXC-5 and the GTPase CDC-42, modulates tubulogenesis in vivo. Development 2016; 143:4173-4181. [PMID: 27697907 DOI: 10.1242/dev.141861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The C. elegans excretory cell (EC) is a powerful model for tubulogenesis, a conserved process that requires precise cytoskeletal regulation. EXC-6, an ortholog of the disease-associated formin INF2, coordinates cell outgrowth and lumen formation during EC tubulogenesis by regulating F-actin at the tip of the growing canal and the dynamics of basolateral microtubules. EXC-6 functions in parallel with EXC-5/FGD, a predicted activator of the Rho GTPase Cdc42. Here, we identify the parallel pathway: EXC-5 functions through CDC-42 to regulate two other formins: INFT-2, another INF2 ortholog, and CYK-1, the sole ortholog of the mammalian diaphanous (mDia) family of formins. We show that INFT-2 promotes F-actin accumulation in the EC, and that CYK-1 inhibits INFT-2 to regulate F-actin levels and EXC-6-promoted outgrowth. As INF2 and mDia physically interact and cross-regulate in cultured cells, our work indicates that a conserved EXC-5-CDC-42 pathway modulates this regulatory interaction and that it is functionally important in vivo during tubulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shaye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Iva Greenwald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Mathis S, Goizet C, Tazir M, Magdelaine C, Lia AS, Magy L, Vallat JM. Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases: an update and some new proposals for the classification. J Med Genet 2015; 52:681-90. [PMID: 26246519 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most frequent form of inherited neuropathy, is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders of the peripheral nervous system, but with a quite homogeneous clinical phenotype (progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy, foot deformities, distal sensory loss and usually decreased tendon reflexes). Our aim was to review the various CMT subtypes identified at the present time. METHODS We have analysed the medical literature and performed a historical retrospective of the main steps from the individualisation of the disease (at the end of the nineteenth century) to the recent knowledge about CMT. RESULTS To date, >60 genes (expressed in Schwann cells and neurons) have been implicated in CMT and related syndromes. The recent advances in molecular genetic techniques (such as next-generation sequencing) are promising in CMT, but it is still useful to recognise some specific clinical or pathological signs that enable us to validate genetic results. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic approaches and the underlying molecular pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We suggest a modification of the current classification and explain why such a change is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Mathis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Poitiers, France Department of Neurology (National Reference Center "Neuropathies Périphériques Rares"), University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital (CHU Pellegrin), Bordeaux, France
| | - Meriem Tazir
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mustapha Bacha, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- Department of Neurology (National Reference Center "Neuropathies Périphériques Rares"), University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Department of Neurology (National Reference Center "Neuropathies Périphériques Rares"), University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
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Roos A, Weis J, Korinthenberg R, Fehrenbach H, Häusler M, Züchner S, Mache C, Hubmann H, Auer-Grumbach M, Senderek J. Inverted formin 2-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: extension of the mutational spectrum and pathological findings in Schwann cells and axons. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2015; 20:52-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jns.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Roos
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Aachen Germany
- Department of Bioanalytics; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. Dortmund; Dortmund Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Aachen Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Häusler
- Department of Pediatrics; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Aachen Germany
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Christoph Mache
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Holger Hubmann
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University Graz; Graz Austria
| | | | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur Institute, Department of Neurology; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich; Munich Germany
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Shaye DD, Greenwald I. The disease-associated formin INF2/EXC-6 organizes lumen and cell outgrowth during tubulogenesis by regulating F-actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Dev Cell 2015; 32:743-55. [PMID: 25771894 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigate how outgrowth at the basolateral cell membrane is coordinated with apical lumen formation in the development of a biological tube by characterizing exc-6, a gene required for C. elegans excretory cell (EC) tubulogenesis. We show that EXC-6 is orthologous to the human formin INF2, which polymerizes filamentous actin (F-actin) and binds microtubules (MTs) in vitro. Dominant INF2 mutations cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a kidney disease, and FSGS+Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. We show that activated INF2 can substitute for EXC-6 in C. elegans and that disease-associated mutations cause constitutive activity. Using genetic analysis and live imaging, we show that exc-6 regulates MT and F-actin accumulation at EC tips and dynamics of basolateral-localized MTs, indicating that EXC-6 organizes F-actin and MT cytoskeletons during tubulogenesis. The pathology associated with INF2 mutations is believed to reflect misregulation of F-actin, but our results suggest alternative or additional mechanisms via effects on MT dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shaye
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Iva Greenwald
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth: are you testing for proteinuria? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015; 19:1-5. [PMID: 25439738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders affecting motor and sensory nerves of the peripheral nervous system. CMT has been reported to be associated with renal diseases, mostly focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). However, it was unknown whether these two clinical manifestations represent one common underlying disorder or separate disease entities. Several reports have shown a high prevalence of mutations (75%) in the inverted formin gene (INF2) in patients with CMT-associated glomerulopathy, suggesting that these mutations are a common cause of the dual phenotype. For this reason, we strongly suggest to screen for proteinuria in CMT patients, in order to identify patients with this renal-neurologic phenotype in an early stage, and to perform genetic testing for INF2 mutations.
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Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies or Charcot–Marie–Tooth diseases: An update. J Neurol Sci 2014; 347:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:999-1009. [PMID: 25326399 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a common neurogenetic disorder and its heterogeneity is a challenge for genetic diagnostics. The genetic diagnostic procedures for a CMT patient can be explored according to the electrophysiological criteria: very slow motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) (<15 m/s), slow MNCV (15-25 m/s), intermediate MNCV (25-45 m/s), and normal MNCV (>45 m/s). Based on the inheritance pattern, intermediate CMT can be divided into dominant (DI-CMT) and recessive types (RI-CMT). GJB1 is currently considered to be associated with X-linked DI-CMT, and MPZ, INF2, DNM2, YARS, GNB4, NEFL, and MFN2 are associated with autosomal DI-CMT. Moreover, GDAP1, KARS, and PLEKHG5 are associated with RI-CMT. Identification of these genes is not only important for patients and families but also provides new information about pathogenesis. It is hoped that this review will lead to a better understanding of intermediate CMT and provide a detailed diagnostic procedure for intermediate CMT.
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