1
|
Navay Baghban H, Hasanzadeh M, Liu Y, Seidi F. Efficient Entrapment of Alpha-Synuclein Biotinylated Antibody in KCC-1-NH-CS 2 and Application for the Sensitive Diagnosis of Parkinson's Using Recognition of Biomarker: An Innovative Electrochemical Label-Free Immunosensor for the Biomedical Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:911. [PMID: 36291047 PMCID: PMC9599316 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a critical issue in terms of efficiency. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a biomarker in PD checks. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is the major constituent of Lewy bodies and a pathogenic hallmark of all synucleinopathies, including PDs, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. In this study, KCC-1-NH-CS2 was conjugated with biotinylated Ab and entrapped in P(β-CD) polymer cavities. Using this approach, a novel electrochemical label-free immunosensor was designed for the quantification of α-syn in real human samples. For this purpose, the glassy carbon electrode electropolymerized with P(β-CD) biopolymer provided an excellent matrix for entrapping of KCC-1-NH-CS2 loaded with the biotinylated antibody of α-syn. Using the chronoamperometric technique, the proposed immunosensor shows a suitable range of 0.02 to 64 ng/mL for the determination of α-syn. Additionally, a low limit of quantification of the engineered biosensor was obtained at 0.02 ng/mL. The developed immunosensor's adequate stability, sensitivity, and selectivity, together with its ease of manufacture, make it a promising diagnostic technique for further research. This study also will pave the way for further applications of the synergetic effect of β-CD and KCC-1-NH-CS2 for biomedical analysis in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Navay Baghban
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rong Y, Xu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Lai L, Sun S, Gao M, Guo P, Zhang G, Geng Y, Ma X, Wu S, Yang L, Shen Z, Guan J. Combination of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Provides Potential Biomarkers for Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2699-2708. [PMID: 36047877 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to detect changes in iron deposition and neural microstructure in the substantia nigra (SN), red nucleus (RN), and basal ganglia of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients at different stages using quantitative susceptibility mapping and diffusion kurtosis imaging to identify potential indicators of early-stage PD. Methods: We enrolled 20 early-stage and 15 late-stage PD patients, as well as 20 age- and sex-matched controls. All participants underwent quantitative susceptibility mapping and diffusion kurtosis imaging to determine magnetic susceptibility (MS), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and mean kurtosis (MK) in several brain regions. Results: Compared with the control group, MS and MK values in the SN were significantly increased in the early- and late-stage PD group, whereas MS values in the red nucleus (RN), globus pallidus (GP), and caudate nucleus (CN), FA value in the CN and GP, and MK value in the CN and putamen (PU) were significantly increased in the late-stage PD group. There were positive correlations between MS and MK values in the CN and MS and FA values in the GP. Furthermore, the combination of MS and MK values in the SN provided high accuracy for distinguishing early-stage PD patients from controls. Conclusions: This study identified MS and MK in the SN as potential indicators of early-stage PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Rong
- Department of Ultrasound, Foshan Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528041, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528041, China
| | - Xianhai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528041, China
| | - Lingfeng Lai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shuyi Sun
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Mingyong Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528041, China
| | - Pi Guo
- Laboratory of Statistics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528041, China
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xilun Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Shuohua Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | | | - Jitian Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marchetti B, Giachino C, Tirolo C, Serapide MF. "Reframing" dopamine signaling at the intersection of glial networks in the aged Parkinsonian brain as innate Nrf2/Wnt driver: Therapeutical implications. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13575. [PMID: 35262262 PMCID: PMC9009237 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) signaling via G protein‐coupled receptors is a multifunctional neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine–immune modulator. The DA nigrostriatal pathway, which controls the motor coordination, progressively degenerates in Parkinson's disease (PD), a most common neurodegenerative disorder (ND) characterized by a selective, age‐dependent loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons, where DA itself is a primary source of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment, intersecting astrocyte and microglial inflammatory networks. Importantly, glia acts as a preferential neuroendocrine–immune DA target, in turn, counter‐modulating inflammatory processes. With a major focus on DA intersection within the astrocyte–microglial inflammatory network in PD vulnerability, we herein first summarize the characteristics of DA signaling systems, the propensity of DA neurons to oxidative stress, and glial inflammatory triggers dictating the vulnerability to PD. Reciprocally, DA modulation of astrocytes and microglial reactivity, coupled to the synergic impact of gene–environment interactions, then constitute a further level of control regulating midbrain DA neuron (mDAn) survival/death. Not surprisingly, within this circuitry, DA converges to modulate nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β‐catenin signaling, a key pathway for mDAn neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation, adding to the already complex “signaling puzzle,” a novel actor in mDAn–glial regulatory machinery. Here, we propose an autoregulatory feedback system allowing DA to act as an endogenous Nrf2/Wnt innate modulator and trace the importance of DA receptor agonists applied to the clinic as immune modifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | | | - Cataldo Tirolo
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu J, Jin X, Ye Z, Wang D, Zhao H, Tong Z. Opposite Roles of Co-enzyme Q10 and Formaldehyde in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221143274. [PMID: 36455136 PMCID: PMC10624093 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221143274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Most of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) have no cure. The common etiology of neurodegenerations is unclear. Air pollutant-gaseous formaldehyde is notoriously known to induce demyelination and cognitive impairments. Unexpectedly, an amount of formaldehyde has been detected in the brains. Multiple factors can induce the generation and accumulation of endogenous formaldehyde. Excessive formaldehyde can induce oxidative stress to generate H2O2; in turn, H2O2 promote formaldehyde production. Clinical investigations have shown that an abnormal high level of formaldehyde but low level of coenzyme Q10 (coQ10) was observed in patients with NDD. Further studies have proven that excessive formaldehyde directly inactivates coQ10, reduces the ATP generation, enhances oxidative stress, initiates inflammation storm, induces demyelination; subsequently, it results in neurodegeneration. Although the low water solubility of coQ10 limits its clinical application, nanomicellar water-soluble coQ10 exhibits positive therapeutical effects. Hence, nanopackage of coQ10 may be a promising strategy for treating NDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Xu
- Institute of Ningbo, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingjiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Institute of Ningbo, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
α-Synuclein E46K Mutation and Involvement of Oxidative Stress in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 2021:6621507. [PMID: 34285796 PMCID: PMC8275411 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6621507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative condition in which some genetic variants are known to increase disease susceptibility on interaction with environmental factors inducing oxidative stress. Different mutations in the SNCA gene are reported as the major genetic contributors to PD. E46K mutation pathogenicity has not been investigated as intensive as other SNCA gene mutations including A30P and A53T. In this study, based on the GAL4-UAS binary genetic tool, transgenic Drosophila melanogaster flies expressing wild-type and E46K-mutated copies of the human SNCA gene were constructed. Western blotting, immunohistochemical analysis, and light and confocal microscopy of flies' brains were undertaken along with the survival rate measurement, locomotor function assay, and ethanol and paraquat (PQ) tolerance to study α-synuclein neurotoxicity. Biochemical bioassays were carried out to investigate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and alterations in levels of oxidative markers following damages induced by human α-synuclein to the neurons of the transgenic flies. Overexpression of human α-synuclein in the central nervous system of these transgenic flies led to disorganized ommatidia structures and loss of dopaminergic neurons. E46K α-synuclein caused remarkable climbing defects, reduced survivorship, higher ethanol sensitivity, and increased PQ-mediated mortality. A noticeable decline in activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes besides considerable increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species was observed in head capsule homogenates of α-synuclein-expressing flies, which indicates obvious involvement of oxidative stress as a causal factor in SNCAE46K neurotoxicity. In all the investigations, E46K copy of the SNCA gene was found to impose more severe defects when compared to wild-type SNCA. It can be concluded that the constructed Drosophila models developed PD-like symptoms that facilitate comparative studies of molecular and cellular pathways implicated in the pathogenicity of different α-synuclein mutations.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rajput K, Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Talpur FN, Baig JA. Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium in the Scalp Hair and Blood Samples Related to the Clinical Stages of the Parkinson's Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2582-2589. [PMID: 32959340 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration disorders are complex and multifaceted, leading to many chronic diseases, like Parkinson's disease (PD). Electrolytes imbalance has a significant role in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, which might serve as a bio-indicator of these problems. In the present study, the disturbances of the electrolytes, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), concentrations, and their correlation with biochemical parameters of PD patients at three different age groups (15 to 75 years) and stages were studied. The all resulted data of PD patients was compared with non-diseased/referents (PD) of same age groups. The biological samples (scalp hair, serum and plasma) were collected from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, diagnosed at three stages, early (15 to 30 years), mild (30 to 60 years) and severe (61 to 75 years). The electrolyte concentrations were measured after acid digested biological samples using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The precision of the digestion method was verified by matrices matched certified reference materials. The resulted data indicated that the contents of Ca and Mg were found to be higher in scalp hair samples of PD patients at early to severe stages as compared with those results obtained from referents. The concentrations of Na and K were found to be lower for all PD patients groups as compared with referents; however, the difference was not significant (p < 0.05). Electrolytes levels in blood serum and plasma were found to be lower in all patients than healthy groups (p < 0.01). These results suggest a disturbance in the electrolytes homeostasis during the different clinical stages of PD, whereas the higher disturbance was observed in patients at severe stage (61 to 75 years).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Rajput
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biosensors in Parkinson's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:51-58. [PMID: 33753044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most critical disorders of the elderly and strongly associated with increased disability, and reduced quality of life. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting more than six million people worldwide. Evaluation of clinical manifestations, as well as movement disorders by a neurologist and some routine laboratory tests are the most important diagnostic methods for PD. However, routine and old methods have several disadvantages and limitations such as low sensitivity and selectivity, high cost, and need for advanced equipment. Biosensors technology opens up new diagnoses approach for PD with the use of a new platform that allows reliable, repeatable, and multidimensional identification to be made with minimal problem and discomfort for patients. For instance, biosensing systems can provide promising tools for PD treatment and monitoring. Amongst biosensor technology, electrochemical techniques have been at the frontline of this progress, thanks to the developments in material science, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), quantum dots (QDs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This paper evaluates the latest progress in electrochemical and optical biosensors for PD diagnosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kelly RR, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. Effects of Neurological Disorders on Bone Health. Front Psychol 2020; 11:612366. [PMID: 33424724 PMCID: PMC7793932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, particularly in the context of aging, have serious impacts on quality of life and can negatively affect bone health. The brain-bone axis is critically important for skeletal metabolism, sensory innervation, and endocrine cross-talk between these organs. This review discusses current evidence for the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which various neurological disease categories, including autoimmune, developmental, dementia-related, movement, neuromuscular, stroke, trauma, and psychological, impart changes in bone homeostasis and mass, as well as fracture risk. Likewise, how bone may affect neurological function is discussed. Gaining a better understanding of brain-bone interactions, particularly in patients with underlying neurological disorders, may lead to development of novel therapies and discovery of shared risk factors, as well as highlight the need for broad, whole-health clinical approaches toward treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Kelly
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sara J. Sidles
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda C. LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalaria DR, Singhal M, Patravale V, Merino V, Kalia YN. Simultaneous controlled iontophoretic delivery of pramipexole and rasagiline in vitro and in vivo: Transdermal polypharmacy to treat Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:204-212. [PMID: 29477356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) involves administration of therapeutic agents with complementary mechanisms of action in order to replenish, sustain or substitute endogenous dopamine. The objective of this study was to investigate anodal co-iontophoresis of pramipexole (PRAM; dopamine agonist) and rasagiline (RAS; MAO-B inhibitor) in vitro and in vivo. Passive permeation of PRAM and RAS (20 mM each) across porcine skin after 6 h was 15.7 ± 1.9 and 16.0 ± 2.9 µg/cm2, respectively. Co-iontophoresis at 0.15, 0.3 and 0.5 mA/cm2 resulted in statistically significant increases in delivery of PRAM and RAS; at 0.5 mA/cm2, cumulative permeation of PRAM and RAS was 613.5 ± 114.6 and 441.1 ± 169.2 µg/cm2, respectively - corresponding to 38- and 27-fold increases over passive diffusion. Electromigration was the dominant mechanism for both molecules (>80%) and there was no effect on convective solvent flow. Statistically equivalent delivery was observed with human skin. The co-iontophoretic system showed high delivery efficiency with 29% and 35% of the applied amounts of PRAM and RAS being delivered. Preliminary pharmacokinetics studies in rats confirmed that the input rate in vivo was such that therapeutic amounts of the two drugs could be co-administered to humans by transdermal iontophoresis using reasonably sized patches and moderate current densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval R Kalaria
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mayank Singhal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Virginia Merino
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politecnica de València, Universitat de València, Spain; Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda.Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ash S, Jester C, York C, Kofman OL, Langey R, Halpin A, Firn K, Dominguez Perez S, Chahine L, Spindler M, Dahodwala N, Irwin DJ, McMillan C, Weintraub D, Grossman M. Longitudinal decline in speech production in Parkinson's disease spectrum disorders. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 171:42-51. [PMID: 28527315 PMCID: PMC5512868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined narrative speech production longitudinally in non-demented (n=15) and mildly demented (n=8) patients with Parkinson's disease spectrum disorder (PDSD), and we related increasing impairment to structural brain changes in specific language and motor regions. Patients provided semi-structured speech samples, describing a standardized picture at two time points (mean±SD interval=38±24months). The recorded speech samples were analyzed for fluency, grammar, and informativeness. PDSD patients with dementia exhibited significant decline in their speech, unrelated to changes in overall cognitive or motor functioning. Regression analysis in a subset of patients with MRI scans (n=11) revealed that impaired language performance at Time 2 was associated with reduced gray matter (GM) volume at Time 1 in regions of interest important for language functioning but not with reduced GM volume in motor brain areas. These results dissociate language and motor systems and highlight the importance of non-motor brain regions for declining language in PDSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ash
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Charles Jester
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Collin York
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Olga L Kofman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rachel Langey
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Amy Halpin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kim Firn
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sophia Dominguez Perez
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lama Chahine
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Meredith Spindler
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nabila Dahodwala
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Corey McMillan
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schelp AO, Mendes-Chiloff CL, Paduan VC, Corrente JE, Vieira A, Marchette JCN, de Souza JT, Luvizuto GJ, Nogueira CR, Bazan R. Amnestic dementia impairment in Parkinson's disease: The role of body composition, ageing and insulin resistance. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017; 20:47-51. [PMID: 29072169 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to ageing. The role of body compartmentalization and associated metabolic dysfunctions, as a risk factor for dementia in PD is still not clear. OBJECTIVE To investigate body mass distribution, insulin resistance, and other parameters in patients without dementia, and those with dementia classified as compromised delayed memory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We recorded body composition, basal levels of insulin resistance, and other data from 135 patients, who were followed for at least two years. The patients completed a Brief Cognitive Battery test. Patients with delayed recall memory impairment were assessed using the Mattis dementia rating scale. RESULTS There was a correlation between age and the patient's scores. Age was negatively correlated with scores on all of the screening battery subtests (p ≤ 0.001), while formal education was positively correlated with the test scores. Insulin resistance was higher in non-demented patients compared to patients with impaired memory (p = 0.0027). There was no association between body composition and cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate an apparent decrease in insulin resistance associated with cognitive impairment in PD. We found no correlations between body composition and memory dysfunction associated with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Oscar Schelp
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry - Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil; Neurology Fellowship, Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, and Psychiatry - Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil.
| | | | | | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Bioscience Institute, Statistical Department - Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil; Neurology Fellowship, Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, and Psychiatry - Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil.
| | - Aline Vieira
- Department of Internal Medicine - Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil.
| | | | | | - Gustavo José Luvizuto
- Rehabilitation Service, Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Brazil; Neurology Fellowship, Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, and Psychiatry - Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil.
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Medicine - Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil; Neurology Fellowship, Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, and Psychiatry - Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry - Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cortesi R, Esposito E, Drechsler M, Pavoni G, Cacciatore I, Sguizzato M, Di Stefano A. L-dopa co-drugs in nanostructured lipid carriers: A comparative study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:168-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Sterile Neuroinflammation and Strategies for Therapeutic Intervention. Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:8385961. [PMID: 28127491 PMCID: PMC5239986 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8385961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile neuroinflammation is essential for the proper brain development and tissue repair. However, uncontrolled neuroinflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of various disease processes. The endogenous intracellular molecules so called damage-associated molecular patterns or alarmins or damage signals that are released by activated or necrotic cells are thought to play a crucial role in initiating an immune response. Sterile inflammatory response that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, hemorrhage, epilepsy, or traumatic brain injury (TBI) creates a vicious cycle of unrestrained inflammation, driving progressive neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism in the progression (e.g., AD and PD) or secondary injury development (e.g., stroke, hemorrhage, stress, and TBI) of multiple brain conditions. Hence, it provides an opportunity for the therapeutic intervention to prevent progressive tissue damage and loss of function. The key for developing anti-neuroinflammatory treatment is to minimize the detrimental and neurotoxic effects of inflammation while promoting the beneficial and neurotropic effects, thereby creating ideal conditions for regeneration and repair. This review outlines how inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of major nonpathogenic neuroinflammatory conditions and discusses the complex response of glial cells to damage signals. In addition, emerging experimental anti-neuroinflammatory drug treatment strategies are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
A. Richard S, Min W, Su Z, Xu HX. Epochal neuroinflammatory role of high mobility group box 1 in central nervous system diseases. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2017.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Effect of Levodopa + Carbidopa on the Laryngeal Electromyographic Pattern in Parkinson Disease. J Voice 2016; 31:383.e19-383.e23. [PMID: 27839704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vocal impairment is one of the main debilitating symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD). The effect of levodopa on vocal function remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effect of levodopa on electromyographic patterns of the laryngeal muscle in patients with PD. STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective interventional trial. METHODS Nineteen patients with PD-diagnosed by laryngeal electromyography-were enrolled. Cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle activities were measured at rest and during muscle contraction (phonation), when participants were on and off medication (12 hours after the last levodopa dose). RESULTS Prevalence of resting hypertonia in the cricothyroid muscle was similar in the off and on states (7 of 19, P = 1.00). Eight patients off medication and four patients on medication had hypertonic TA muscle at rest (P = 0.289). No electromyographic alterations were observed during phonation for either medication states. CONCLUSION Despite a tendency for increased rest tracings in the TA muscle when participants were on medication, no association was found between laryngeal electromyography findings and levodopa + carbidopa administration.
Collapse
|
16
|
Sita G, Hrelia P, Tarozzi A, Morroni F. Isothiocyanates Are Promising Compounds against Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cell Death that May Benefit Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091454. [PMID: 27598127 PMCID: PMC5037733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is recognized as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by a slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite intensive research, the mechanisms involved in neuronal loss are not completely understood yet; however, misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and inflammation play a pivotal role in the progression of the pathology. Neuroinflammation may have a greater function in PD pathogenesis than initially believed, taking part in the cascade of events that leads to neuronal death. To date, no efficient therapy, able to arrest or slow down PD, is available. In this context, the need to find novel strategies to counteract neurodegenerative progression by influencing diseases’ pathogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have already shown interesting properties in detoxification, inflammation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation through the induction of phase I and phase II enzyme systems. Moreover, ITCs may be able to modulate several key points in oxidative and inflammatory evolution. In view of these considerations, the aim of the present review is to describe ITCs as pleiotropic compounds capable of preventing and modulating the evolution of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, 47900 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schelp AO, Mendes-Chiloff CL, Paduan VC, Corrente JE, de Lima FD, Marchette JCN, Luvizuto GJ, Bazan R. Delayed recall memory impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. Dement Neuropsychol 2016; 10:204-209. [PMID: 29213456 PMCID: PMC5642416 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-5764-2016dn1003006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is one of the risk factors for dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PDD). Distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been identified in previous studies. Questions about the role of such cognitive disorders in PD outcomes, especially memory dysfunction, in patients with PD remain unanswered. OBJECTIVE To establish possible correlations between delayed recall memory (episodic memory), age, and other demographic variables in patients with PD. METHODS A two-stage protocol was applied. Patients with delayed recall memory compromise, selected based on a brief battery of tests (BBRC-Edu), were classified as dementia cases and submitted to the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). Data from patients with memory disturbances were compared against individuals without episodic memory impairment, and correlated with age and demographic variables. RESULTS Except for identification and naming, all subtests in the screening battery showed a significant difference (p≤0.0001) between the memory-compromised group (case) and the group without memory impairment (no case). The results also correlated negatively with age (p≤0.0001) and positively with level of education (p=0.0874) in patients with PD. CONCLUSION The analysis showed a significant relationship between age and dementia characterized by impaired episodic memory. The findings support reports of a wide spectrum of neuropsychological performance impairment in PD with age, particularly dementia associated with memory deterioration. No correlations between disease duration and cognitive dysfunction were evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Oscar Schelp
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu,
Departamento de Neurologia, Psicologia and Psiquiatria, Botucatu SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Cristina Paduan
- Serviço de Psicologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de
Botucatu, PS, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento
de Estatística, Botucatu SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo José Luvizuto
- Serviço de Reabilitação, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina
de Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Botucatu,
Departamento de Neurologia, Psicologia and Psiquiatria, Botucatu SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brauer R, Bhaskaran K, Chaturvedi N, Dexter DT, Smeeth L, Douglas I. Glitazone Treatment and Incidence of Parkinson's Disease among People with Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS Med 2015; 12:e1001854. [PMID: 26196151 PMCID: PMC4511413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent in vitro and animal experiments suggest that peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma (PPARɣ) agonist medications, such as antidiabetic glitazone (GTZ) drugs, are neuroprotective in models of Parkinson's disease (PD). These findings have not been tested in humans. We hypothesized that individuals prescribed GTZ drugs would have a lower incidence of PD compared to individuals prescribed other treatments for diabetes. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using primary care data from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), we conducted a retrospective cohort study in which individuals with diabetes who were newly prescribed GTZ (GTZ-exposed group) were matched by age, sex, practice, and diabetes treatment stage with up to five individuals prescribed other diabetes treatments (other antidiabetic drug-exposed group). Patients were followed up from 1999 until the first recording of a PD diagnosis, end of observation in the database, or end of the study (1 August 2013). An incidence rate ratio (IRR) was calculated using conditional Poisson regression, adjusted for possible confounders. 44,597 GTZ exposed individuals were matched to 120,373 other antidiabetic users. 175 GTZ-exposed individuals were diagnosed with PD compared to 517 individuals in the other antidiabetic drug-exposed group. The incidence rate (IR) of PD in the GTZ-exposed group was 6.4 per 10,000 patient years compared with 8.8 per 10,000 patient years in those prescribed other antidiabetic treatments (IRR 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.87). Adjustments for potential confounding variables, including smoking, other medications, head injury, and disease severity, had no material impact (fully adjusted IRR 0.75, 0.59-0.94). The risk was reduced in those with current GTZ prescriptions (current GTZ-exposed IRR 0.59, 0.46-0.77) but not reduced among those with past prescriptions (past GTZ-exposed IRR 0.85, 0.65-1.10). Our study only included patients with diabetes who did not have a PD diagnosis when they were first prescribed GTZ, and thus, it cannot establish whether GTZ use prevents or slows the progression of PD. CONCLUSIONS In patients with diabetes, a current prescription for GTZ is associated with a reduction in incidence of PD. This suggests PPAR gamma pathways may be a fruitful drug target in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Brauer
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishnan Bhaskaran
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David T. Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Douglas
- Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rodriguez M, Rodriguez-Sabate C, Morales I, Sanchez A, Sabate M. Parkinson's disease as a result of aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:293-308. [PMID: 25677794 PMCID: PMC4406659 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally considered that Parkinson's disease is induced by specific agents that degenerate a clearly defined population of dopaminergic neurons. Data commented in this review suggest that this assumption is not as clear as is often thought and that aging may be critical for Parkinson's disease. Neurons degenerating in Parkinson's disease also degenerate in normal aging, and the different agents involved in the etiology of this illness are also involved in aging. Senescence is a wider phenomenon affecting cells all over the body, whereas Parkinson's disease seems to be restricted to certain brain centers and cell populations. However, reviewed data suggest that Parkinson's disease may be a local expression of aging on cell populations which, by their characteristics (high number of synaptic terminals and mitochondria, unmyelinated axons, etc.), are highly vulnerable to the agents promoting aging. The development of new knowledge about Parkinson's disease could be accelerated if the research on aging and Parkinson's disease were planned together, and the perspective provided by gerontology gains relevance in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)La Laguna, Spain
| | - Clara Rodriguez-Sabate
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)La Laguna, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
| | - Magdalena Sabate
- Rehabilitation Service, Department of Pharmacology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of La LagunaLa Laguna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang X, Yu S, Li F, Feng T. Detection of α-synuclein oligomers in red blood cells as a potential biomarker of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2015; 599:115-9. [PMID: 25998655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn) deposition. Alterations in α-syn levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of PD patients have been thought to be potential PD biomarkers; however, contamination arising from hemolysis often influences the accuracy of detecting α-syn levels in the CSF and plasma. In this study, α-syn oligomer levels in red blood cells (RBCs) obtained from 100 PD patients, 22 MSA patients, and 102 control subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We showed that the ratio of α-syn oligomer/total RBC protein was higher in PD patients than in controls (29.0±19.8 ng/mg vs. 15.4±7.4 ng/mg, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) indicated a sensitivity of 79.0%, specificity of 64.7% and a positive predictive value of 68.7%, with an AUC of 0.76 for increased α-syn oligomer/total RBC protein ratio. However, there was no correlation between RBC α-syn oligomer levels and age at onset, disease duration, age, UPDRS motor scale score or progression of motor degeneration in PD patients. The ratio of RBC α-syn oligomer/total protein was also higher in MSA patients than in controls (22.9±13.9 ng/mg vs. 15.4±7.4 ng/mg, P<0.001). However, no significant difference was found for α-syn oligomer/total protein ratio between PD and MSA (29.0±19.8 ng/mg vs. 22.9±13.9 ng/mg, P>0.05). The present results suggest that the RBC α-syn oligomer/total protein ratio can be a potential diagnostic biomarker for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, #6 Tian Tan Xi Li Street, 100050 Beijing, China.
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053 Beijing, China.
| | - Fangfei Li
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, #6 Tian Tan Xi Li Street, 100050 Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, #6 Tian Tan Xi Li Street, 100050 Beijing, China; Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing institute for brain disorders, #10 You'an Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, 100069 Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, #6 Tian Tan Xi Li Street, 100050 Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Katus L, Shtilbans A. Perioperative management of patients with Parkinson's disease. Am J Med 2014; 127:275-80. [PMID: 24333200 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, leading to a wide range of disability and medical complications. Managing patients with Parkinson's disease in the perioperative hospital setting can be particularly challenging. Suboptimal management can lead to medical complications, prolonged hospital stays, and delayed recovery. This review aims to address the most important issues related to caring for patients with Parkinson's disease perioperatively who are undergoing emergent or planned general surgery. It also intends to help hospitalists, internists, and other health care providers mitigate potential in-hospital morbidity and prevent prolonged recovery. Challenges in managing patients with Parkinson's disease in the perioperative hospital setting include disruption of medication schedules, "nothing by mouth" status, reduced mobility, and medication interactions and their side effects. Patients with Parkinson's disease are more prone to immobility and developing dysphagia, respiratory dysfunction, urinary retention, and psychiatric symptoms. These issues lead to higher rates of pneumonia, urinary tract infections, deconditioning, and falls compared with patients without Parkinson's disease, as well as prolonged hospital stays and a greater need for post-hospitalization rehabilitation. Steps can be taken to decrease these complications, including minimizing nothing by mouth status duration, using alternative routes of drugs administration when unable to give medications orally, avoiding drug interactions and medications that can worsen parkinsonism, assessing swallowing ability frequently, encouraging incentive spirometry, performing bladder scans, avoiding Foley catheters, and providing aggressive physical therapy. Knowing and anticipating these potential complications allow hospital physicians to mitigate nosocomial morbidity and shorten recovery times and hospital stays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linn Katus
- New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Shtilbans
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Neurology, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Institute, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lim KL. Ubiquitin–proteasome system dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: current evidence and controversies. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 4:769-81. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.4.6.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
23
|
Ubiquinone-quantum dot bioconjugates for in vitro and intracellular complex I sensing. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1537. [PMID: 23524384 PMCID: PMC3607194 DOI: 10.1038/srep01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted increasing interest in bioimaging and sensing. Here, we report a biosensor of complex I using ubiquinone-terminated disulphides with different alkyl spacers (QnNS, n = 2, 5 and 10) as surface-capping ligands to functionalise CdSe/ZnS QDs. The enhancement or quenching of the QD bioconjugates fluorescence changes as a function of the redox state of QnNS, since QDs are highly sensitive to the electron-transfer processes. The bioconjugated QnNS-QDs emission could be modulated by complex I in the presence of NADH, which simulates an electron-transfer system part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, providing an in vitro and intracellular complex I sensor. Epidemiological studies suggest that Parkinson's patients have the impaired activity of complex I in the electron-transfer chain of mitochondria. We have demonstrated that the QnNS-QDs system could aid in early stage Parkinson's disease diagnosis and progression monitoring by following different complex I levels in SH-SY5Y cells.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ferris CF, Marella M, Smerkers B, Barchet TM, Gershman B, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T. A phenotypic model recapitulating the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2013; 3:351-66. [PMID: 24381808 PMCID: PMC3869678 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to develop a phenotypic model recapitulating the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Such a model would show loss of dopamine in the basal ganglia, appearance of Lewy bodies, and the early stages of motor dysfunction. The model was developed by subcutaneously injecting biodegradable microspheres of rotenone, a complex I inhibitor in 8-9 month old, ovariectomized Long-Evans rats. Animals were observed for changes in body weight and motor activity. At the end of 11-12 weeks animals were euthanized and the brains examined for histopathological changes. Rotenone treated animals gain weight and appear normal and healthy as compared to controls but showed modest hypokinesia around 5-6 weeks posttreatment. Animals showed loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the appearance of putative Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress were evidenced by the appearance of activated microglia, iron precipitates, and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine a major product of DNA oxidation. The dorsal striatum, the projection site of midbrain DA neurons, showed a significant reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining, together with an increase in reactive astrocytes, an early sign of DA nerve terminal damage. Levels of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) were significantly reduced in the dorsal striatum; however, there was an unexpected increase in dopamine transporter (DAT) levels. Old, ovariectomized females treated with rotenone microspheres present with normal weight gain and good health but a modest hypokinesia. Accompanying this behavioral phenotype are a constellation of neuropathologies characteristic of PD that include loss of DA neurons, microglia activation, oxidative damage to nuclear DNA, iron deposition, and appearance of putative Lewy bodies. This phenotypic model recapitulating the neuropathology of Parkinson's disease could provide insight into early mechanisms of pathogenesis and could aid in the identification of biomarkers to identify patients in early stage, PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig F Ferris
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mathieu Marella
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, California
| | - Brian Smerkers
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University Syracuse, New York
| | - Thomas M Barchet
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Akemi Matsuno-Yagi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, California
| | - Takao Yagi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Cabeza-Arvelaiz Y, Schiestl RH. Transcriptome analysis of a rotenone model of parkinsonism reveals complex I-tied and -untied toxicity mechanisms common to neurodegenerative diseases. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44700. [PMID: 22970289 PMCID: PMC3436760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pesticide rotenone, a neurotoxin that inhibits the mitochondrial complex I, and destabilizes microtubules (MT) has been linked to Parkinson disease (PD) etiology and is often used to model this neurodegenerative disease (ND). Many of the mechanisms of action of rotenone are posited mechanisms of neurodegeneration; however, they are not fully understood. Therefore, the study of rotenone-affected functional pathways is pertinent to the understanding of NDs pathogenesis. This report describes the transcriptome analysis of a neuroblastoma (NB) cell line chronically exposed to marginally toxic and moderately toxic doses of rotenone. The results revealed a complex pleiotropic response to rotenone that impacts a variety of cellular events, including cell cycle, DNA damage response, proliferation, differentiation, senescence and cell death, which could lead to survival or neurodegeneration depending on the dose and time of exposure and cell phenotype. The response encompasses an array of physiological pathways, modulated by transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory networks, likely activated by homeostatic alterations. Pathways that incorporate the contribution of MT destabilization to rotenone toxicity are suggested to explain complex I-independent rotenone-induced alterations of metabolism and redox homeostasis. The postulated mechanisms involve the blockage of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anions channels (VDACs) by tubulin, which coupled with other rotenone-induced organelle dysfunctions may underlie many presumed neurodegeneration mechanisms associated with pathophysiological aspects of various NDs including PD, AD and their variant forms. Thus, further investigation of such pathways may help identify novel therapeutic paths for these NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yofre Cabeza-Arvelaiz
- Department of Pathology and Environmental Health Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine and School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Silva BA, Breydo L, Fink AL, Uversky VN. Agrochemicals, α-synuclein, and Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:598-612. [PMID: 22933040 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological, population-based case-control, and experimental studies at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels revealed that exposure to various environmental agents, including a number of structurally different agrochemicals, may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and several other neurodegenerative disorders. The role of genetic predisposition in PD has also been increasingly acknowledged, driven by the identification of a number of disease-related genes [e.g., α-synuclein, parkin, DJ-1, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCH-L1), and nuclear receptor-related factor 1]. Therefore, the etiology of this multifactorial disease is likely to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Various neurotoxicants, including agrochemicals, have been shown to elevate the levels of α-synuclein expression in neurons and to promote aggregation of this protein in vivo. Many agrochemicals physically interact with α-synuclein and accelerate the fibrillation and aggregation rates of this protein in vitro. This review analyzes some of the aspects linking α-synuclein to PD, provides brief structural and functional descriptions of this important protein, and represents some data connecting exposure to agrochemicals with α-synuclein aggregation and PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca A Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Harris C, Kiger A, Counsell C. Attitudes to brain donation for Parkinson's research and how to ask: a qualitative study with suggested guidelines for practice. J Adv Nurs 2012; 69:1096-108. [PMID: 22823003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe factors people consider important in deciding whether or not to donate their brain for research after death. BACKGROUND Brain tissue retrieved at post-mortem is needed to further research into neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Previous research has focussed mainly on attitudes to organ donation for transplantation. DESIGN Data were gathered and analysed using a qualitative approach based on grounded theory. METHODS Nineteen people who had made a decision about brain donation, five people with Parkinson's and 14 unaffected individuals, were identified through theoretical sampling. Interviews conducted between September 2007-January 2008 were analysed to identify themes representing the concerns of participants, when making a decision. FINDINGS The three main themes identified were views and beliefs about post-mortem, the importance of family and the things people do not talk about. Although participants were more familiar with the concept of organ donation for transplantation, unanimous support was expressed for brain donation for research. However, beliefs about death and post-mortem, influence of family and the difficulty in talking and thinking about things to do with death all posed barriers to consent when actually asked to make a decision. For some, however, being asked had acted as a catalyst, transforming previously held positive attitudes into a decision to consent. CONCLUSION Guidelines for asking developed from these findings highlight the importance of discussing the issue to raise awareness in potential donors, involving family members, and giving accurate and appropriate information to inform, reassure and to dispel misconceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Harris
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang Y, Shi M, Chung KA, Zabetian CP, Leverenz JB, Berg D, Srulijes K, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Siderowf AD, Hurtig H, Litvan I, Schiess MC, Peskind ER, Masuda M, Hasegawa M, Lin X, Pan C, Galasko D, Goldstein DS, Jensen PH, Yang H, Cain KC, Zhang J. Phosphorylated α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:121ra20. [PMID: 22344688 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylated α-synuclein (PS-129), a protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), was identified by mass spectrometry in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A highly sensitive and specific assay was established and used to measure PS-129 together with total α-synuclein in the CSF of patients with PD, other parkinsonian disorders such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and healthy individuals (a total of ~600 samples). PS-129 CSF concentrations correlated weakly with PD severity and, when combined with total α-synuclein concentrations in CSF, contributed to distinguishing PD from MSA and PSP. Further rigorous validation in independent cohorts of patients, especially those where samples have been collected longitudinally, will determine whether the concentration of PS-129 in CSF will be useful for diagnosing PD and for monitoring PD severity and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Daniel SK, Lansang MC, Okun MS. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Male Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Int J Neurosci 2012; 122:523-7. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2012.685530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
31
|
Prasad K, Beach TG, Hedreen J, Richfield EK. Critical role of truncated α-synuclein and aggregates in Parkinson's disease and incidental Lewy body disease. Brain Pathol 2012; 22:811-25. [PMID: 22452578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites and α-synuclein (αSYN) in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear. We used postmortem human tissue, a panel of antibodies (Abs) and confocal microscopy to examine the three-dimensional neurochemical anatomy of the nigrostriatal system. Abs were specific to truncated (tαSYN), phosphorylated and full-length αSYN. The findings demonstrate the critical role of tαSYN in initiating aggregation, a role for other forms of αSYN in aggregate expansion, a reason for the wide variety of proteins present in different aggregates, an explanation for the laminar appearance of aggregates described historically using different methods, the existence of proximal greater than distal aggregation in the vulnerable nigrostriatal pathway, the independent transport of different forms of αSYN as cargo along axons and a possible sequence for the formation of Lewy bodies. Findings differed between incidental Lewy body disease and PD only quantitatively. These findings have implications for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Prasad
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
van Bregt DR, Thomas TC, Hinzman JM, Cao T, Liu M, Bing G, Gerhardt GA, Pauly JR, Lifshitz J. Substantia nigra vulnerability after a single moderate diffuse brain injury in the rat. Exp Neurol 2012; 234:8-19. [PMID: 22178300 PMCID: PMC3294202 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dementia and parkinsonism are late-onset symptoms associated with repetitive head injury, as documented in multiple contact-sport athletes. Clinical symptomatology is the likely phenotype of chronic degeneration and circuit disruption in the substantia nigra (SN). To investigate the initiating neuropathology, we hypothesize that a single diffuse brain injury is sufficient to initiate SN neuropathology including neuronal loss, vascular disruption and microglial activation, contributing to neurodegeneration and altered dopamine regulation. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham or moderate midline fluid percussion brain injury. Stereological estimates indicated a significant 44% loss of the estimated total neuron number in the SN at 28-days post-injury, without atrophy of neuronal nuclear volumes, including 25% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons by 28-days post-injury. Multi-focal vascular compromise occurred 1-2 days post-injury, with ensuing microglial activation (significant 40% increase at 4-days). Neurodegeneration (silver-stain technique) encompassed on average 21% of the SN by 7-days post-injury and increased to 29% by 28-days compared to sham (1%). Whole tissue SN, but not striatum, dopamine metabolism was altered at 28-days post-injury, without appreciable gene or protein changes in dopamine synthesis or regulation elements. Together, single moderate diffuse brain injury resulted in SN neurovascular pathology potentially associated with neuroinflammation or dopamine dysregulation. Compensatory mechanisms may preserve dopamine signaling acutely, but subsequent SN damage with aging or additional injury may expose clinical symptomatology of motor ataxias and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. van Bregt
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Theresa Currier Thomas
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jason M. Hinzman
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Disease Research Center of Excellence, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center for Microelectrode Technology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tuoxin Cao
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Guoying Bing
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Greg A. Gerhardt
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Disease Research Center of Excellence, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Center for Microelectrode Technology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James R. Pauly
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan Lifshitz
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ceruloplasmin oxidation, a feature of Parkinson's disease CSF, inhibits ferroxidase activity and promotes cellular iron retention. J Neurosci 2012; 31:18568-77. [PMID: 22171055 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3768-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by oxidative stress and CNS iron deposition. Ceruloplasmin is an extracellular ferroxidase that regulates cellular iron loading and export, and hence protects tissues from oxidative damage. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we investigated ceruloplasmin patterns in the CSF of human Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinson's disease ceruloplasmin profiles proved more acidic than those found in healthy controls and in other human neurological diseases (peripheral neuropathies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease); degrees of acidity correlated with patients' pathological grading. Applying an unsupervised pattern recognition procedure to the two-dimensional electrophoresis images, we identified representative pathological clusters. In vitro oxidation of CSF in two-dimensional electrophoresis generated a ceruloplasmin shift resembling that observed in Parkinson's disease and co-occurred with an increase in protein carbonylation. Likewise, increased protein carbonylation was observed in Parkinson's disease CSF, and the same modification was directly identified in these samples on ceruloplasmin. These results indicate that ceruloplasmin oxidation contributes to pattern modification in Parkinson's disease. From the functional point of view, ceruloplasmin oxidation caused a decrease in ferroxidase activity, which in turn promotes intracellular iron retention in neuronal cell lines as well as in primary neurons, which are more sensitive to iron accumulation. Accordingly, the presence of oxidized ceruloplasmin in Parkinson's disease CSF might be used as a marker for oxidative damage and might provide new insights into the underlying pathological mechanisms.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cloutier M, Wellstead P. Dynamic modelling of protein and oxidative metabolisms simulates the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. IET Syst Biol 2012; 6:65-72. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2011.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
35
|
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common age-related motoric neurodegenerative disease initially described in the 1800's by James Parkinson as the 'Shaking Palsy'. Loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine was recognized as underlying the pathophysiology of the motor dysfunction; subsequently discovery of dopamine replacement therapies brought substantial symptomatic benefit to PD patients. However, these therapies do not fully treat the clinical syndrome nor do they alter the natural history of this disorder motivating clinicians and researchers to further investigate the clinical phenotype, pathophysiology/pathobiology and etiology of this devastating disease. Although the exact cause of sporadic PD remains enigmatic studies of familial and rare toxicant forms of this disorder have laid the foundation for genome wide explorations and environmental studies. The combination of methodical clinical evaluation, systematic pathological studies and detailed genetic analyses have revealed that PD is a multifaceted disorder with a wide-range of clinical symptoms and pathology that include regions outside the dopamine system. One common thread in PD is the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions that contain the protein, α-synuclein. The presence of toxic aggregated forms of α-synuclein (e.g., amyloid structures) are purported to be a harbinger of subsequent pathology. In fact, PD is both a cerebral amyloid disease and the most common synucleinopathy, that is, diseases that display accumulations of α-synuclein. Here we present our current understanding of PD etiology, pathology, clinical symptoms and therapeutic approaches with an emphasis on misfolded α-synuclein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Mhyre
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, NRB EP08, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, 20057, Washington, DC, USA,
| | - James T. Boyd
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, 1 South Prospect Street, DU-Arnold 4416-UHC, 05401, Burlington, VT, USA,
| | - Robert W. Hamill
- Department of Neurology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Given Hall Room C225, 05405, Burlington, VT, USA,
| | - Kathleen A. Maguire-Zeiss
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neural Injury and RecoveryGeorgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW NRB EP08, 20057, Washington, DC, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cloutier M, Middleton R, Wellstead P. Feedback motif for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. IET Syst Biol 2012; 6:86-93. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2011.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
37
|
Aasly JO, Shi M, Sossi V, Stewart T, Johansen KK, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Hasegawa K, Yokoyama T, Zabetian CP, Kim HM, Leverenz JB, Ginghina C, Armaly J, Edwards KL, Snapinn KW, Stoessl AJ, Zhang J. Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β and tau in LRRK2 mutation carriers. Neurology 2011; 78:55-61. [PMID: 22170881 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31823ed101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the current investigation was to examine a cohort of symptomatic and asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers, in order to address whether the reported alterations in amyloid β (Aβ) and tau species in the CSF of patients with sporadic Parkinson disease (PD) are a part of PD pathogenesis, the aging process, or a comorbid disease in patients with PD, and to explore the possibility of Aβ and tau as markers of early or presymptomatic PD. METHODS CSF Aβ42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau were measured with Luminex assays in 26 LRRK2 mutation carriers, who were either asymptomatic (n = 18) or had a phenotype resembling sporadic PD (n = 8). All patients also underwent PET scans with 18F-6-fluoro-l-dopa (FD), 11C-(±)-α-dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ), and 11C-d-threo-methylphenidate (MP) to measure dopaminergic function in the striatum. The levels of CSF markers were then compared to each PET measurement. RESULTS Reduced CSF Aβ42 and tau levels correlated with lower striatal dopaminergic function as determined by all 3 PET tracers, with a significant association between Aβ42 and FD uptake. When cases were restricted to carriers of the G2019S mutation, the most common LRRK2 variant in our cohort, significant correlations were also observed for tau. CONCLUSIONS The disposition of Aβ and tau is likely important in both LRRK2-related and sporadic PD, even during early phases of the disease. A better understanding of their production, aggregation, and degradation, including changes in their CSF levels, may provide insights into the pathogenesis of PD and the potential utility of these proteins as biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jellinger KA. Neuropathology of sporadic Parkinson's disease: evaluation and changes of concepts. Mov Disord 2011; 27:8-30. [PMID: 22081500 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders, is no longer considered a complex motor disorder characterized by extrapyramidal symptoms, but a progressive multisystem or-more correctly-multiorgan disease with variegated neurological and nonmotor deficiencies. It is morphologically featured not only by the degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system, responsible for the core motor deficits, but by multifocal involvement of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system and other organs associated with widespread occurrence of Lewy bodies and dystrophic Lewy neurites. This results from deposition of abnormal α-synuclein (αSyn), the major protein marker of PD, and other synucleinopathies. Recent research has improved both the clinical and neuropathological diagnostic criteria of PD; it has further provided insights into the development and staging of αSyn and Lewy pathologies and has been useful in understanding the pathogenesis of PD. However, many challenges remain, for example, the role of Lewy bodies and the neurobiology of axons in the course of neurodegeneration, the relation between αSyn, Lewy pathology, and clinical deficits, as well as the interaction between αSyn and other pathologic proteins. Although genetic and experimental models have contributed to exploring the causes, pathomechanisms, and treatment options of PD, there is still a lack of an optimal animal model, and the etiology of this devastating disease is far from being elucidated.
Collapse
|
39
|
Braak H, Del Tredici K. Non‐Dopaminergic Pathology of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781444397970.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Meng F, Yao D, Shi Y, Kabakoff J, Wu W, Reicher J, Ma Y, Moosmann B, Masliah E, Lipton SA, Gu Z. Oxidation of the cysteine-rich regions of parkin perturbs its E3 ligase activity and contributes to protein aggregation. Mol Neurodegener 2011; 6:34. [PMID: 21595948 PMCID: PMC3120712 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of aberrant proteins to form Lewy bodies (LBs) is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Ubiquitination-mediated degradation of aberrant, misfolded proteins is critical for maintaining normal cell function. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative/nitrosative stress compromises the precisely-regulated network of ubiquitination in PD, particularly affecting parkin E3 ligase activity, and contributes to the accumulation of toxic proteins and neuronal cell death. RESULTS To gain insight into the mechanism whereby cell stress alters parkin-mediated ubiquitination and LB formation, we investigated the effect of oxidative stress. We found significant increases in oxidation (sulfonation) and subsequent aggregation of parkin in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenlypyridinium (MPP+), representing an in vitro cell-based PD model. Exposure of these cells to direct oxidation via pathological doses of H2O2 induced a vicious cycle of increased followed by decreased parkin E3 ligase activity, similar to that previously reported following S-nitrosylation of parkin. Pre-incubation with catalase attenuated H2O2 accumulation, parkin sulfonation, and parkin aggregation. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed that H2O2 reacted with specific cysteine residues of parkin, resulting in sulfination/sulfonation in regions of the protein similar to those affected by parkin mutations in hereditary forms of PD. Immunohistochemistry or gel electrophoresis revealed an increase in aggregated parkin in rats and primates exposed to mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, as well as in postmortem human brain from patients with PD with LBs. CONCLUSION These findings show that oxidative stress alters parkin E3 ligase activity, leading to dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and potentially contributing to LB formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanjun Meng
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wellstead P, Cloutier M. An energy systems approach to Parkinson's disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 3:1-6. [PMID: 21061310 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown despite it being the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition. Indeed, there is a growing consensus that there is no single cause, and that PD is a multifactorial systemic condition, in which a number of factors may determine its etiopathogenesis. We describe a systems approach that addresses the multifactorial aspects of PD and overcomes constraints on conventional experimentation imposed by PD's causal complexity, its long temporal duration, and its uniqueness to human brains. Specifically, a mathematical model of brain energy metabolism is used as a core module to which other modules describing cellular processes thought to be associated with PD can be attached and studied in an integrative environment. Employing brain energy usage as the core of a systems approach also enables the potential role that compromised energy metabolism may have in the etiology of PD. Although developed for PD, it has not escaped our attention that the energy systems approach outlined here could also be applied to other neurodegenerative disorders-most notably Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shi M, Bradner J, Hancock AM, Chung KA, Quinn JF, Peskind ER, Galasko D, Jankovic J, Zabetian CP, Kim HM, Leverenz JB, Montine TJ, Ginghina C, Kang UJ, Cain KC, Wang Y, Aasly J, Goldstein DS, Zhang J. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression. Ann Neurol 2011; 69:570-80. [PMID: 21400565 PMCID: PMC3117674 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a clear need to develop biomarkers for Parkinson disease (PD) diagnosis, differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian disorders, and monitoring disease progression. We and others have demonstrated that a decrease in DJ-1 and/or α-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential index for Parkinson disease diagnosis, but not for PD severity. METHODS Using highly sensitive and quantitative Luminex assays, we measured total tau, phosphorylated tau, amyloid beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ(1-42)), Flt3 ligand, and fractalkine levels in CSF in a large cohort of PD patients at different stages as well as healthy and diseased controls. The utility of these 5 markers was evaluated for disease diagnosis and severity/progression correlation alone, as well as in combination with DJ-1 and α-synuclein. The major results were further validated in an independent cohort of cross-sectional PD patients as well as in PD cases with CSF samples collected longitudinally. RESULTS The results demonstrated that combinations of these biomarkers could differentiate PD patients not only from normal controls but also from patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and multiple system atrophy. Particularly, with CSF Flt3 ligand, PD could be clearly differentiated from multiple system atrophy, a disease that overlaps with PD clinically, with excellent sensitivity (99%) and specificity (95%). In addition, we identified CSF fractalkine/Aβ(1-42) that positively correlated with PD severity in cross-sectional samples as well as with PD progression in longitudinal samples. INTERPRETATION We have demonstrated that this panel of 7 CSF proteins could aid in Parkinson disease diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and correlation with disease severity and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Bradner
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aneeka M. Hancock
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Chung
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elaine R. Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hojoong M. Kim
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carmen Ginghina
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Un Jung Kang
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C. Cain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jan Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David S. Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP, DIR, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cell cycle events mediate lactacystin-induced apoptotic death of neuronal PC12 cells. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:1181-7. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
44
|
Polyamine pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:16970-5. [PMID: 20837543 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1011751107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The full complement of molecular pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) remains unknown. Here we address this issue by taking a broad approach, beginning by using functional MRI to identify brainstem regions differentially affected and resistant to the disease. Relying on these imaging findings, we then profiled gene expression levels from postmortem brainstem regions, identifying a disease-related decrease in the expression of the catabolic polyamine enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1). Next, a range of studies were completed to support the pathogenicity of this finding. First, to test for a causal link between polyamines and α-synuclein toxicity, we investigated a yeast model expressing α-synuclein. Polyamines were found to enhance the toxicity of α-synuclein, and an unbiased genome-wide screen for modifiers of α-synuclein toxicity identified Tpo4, a member of a family of proteins responsible for polyamine transport. Second, to test for a causal link between SAT1 activity and PD histopathology, we investigated a mouse model expressing α-synuclein. DENSPM (N1, N11-diethylnorspermine), a polyamine analog that increases SAT1 activity, was found to reduce PD histopathology, whereas Berenil (diminazene aceturate), a pharmacological agent that reduces SAT1 activity, worsened the histopathology. Third, to test for a genetic link, we sequenced the SAT1 gene and a rare but unique disease-associated variant was identified. Taken together, the findings from human patients, yeast, and a mouse model implicate the polyamine pathway in PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Significance and confounders of peripheral DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2010; 480:78-82. [PMID: 20540987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein are leading biomarkers for Parkinson's disease diagnosis and/or monitoring disease progression. A few recent investigations have determined DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein levels in plasma or serum, a more convenient sample source than cerebrospinal fluid; but the results were variable or even contradictory. Besides limitations in detection technology and limited number of cases in some studies, inadequate control of several important confounders likely has contributed to these inconsistent results. In this study, the relative contribution of each blood component to blood DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein was evaluated, followed by quantification of plasma levels of both markers in a larger cohort of patients/subjects ( approximately 300 cases) whose cerebrospinal fluid DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein levels have been determined recently. The results demonstrated that the DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein in blood resided predominantly in red blood cells (>95%), followed by platelets (1-4%), white blood cells and plasma (< or =1%), indicating that variations in hemolysis and/or platelet contamination could have a significant effect on plasma/serum DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein levels. Nonetheless, after adjusting for the age, although there was a trend of decrease in DJ-1 and alpha-synuclein in patients with Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease compared with healthy controls, no statistical difference was observed in this cohort between any groups, even when the extent of hemolysis and platelet contamination were controlled for. Additionally, no correlation between DJ-1 or alpha-synuclein and Parkinson's disease severity was identified. In conclusion, unlike in cerebrospinal fluid, total DJ-1 or alpha-synuclein in plasma alone is not useful as biomarkers for Parkinson's disease diagnosis or progression/severity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Vilensky JA, Gilman S, McCall S. A historical analysis of the relationship between encephalitis lethargica and postencephalitic parkinsonism: A complex rather than a direct relationship. Mov Disord 2010; 25:1116-23. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.22908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
47
|
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative process characterized by numerous motor and nonmotor clinical manifestations for which effective, mechanism-based treatments remain elusive. Here we discuss a series of critical issues that we think researchers need to address to stand a better chance of solving the different challenges posed by this pathology.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ahn TB. Clinicopathological correlates of lewy body disease: fundamental issues. J Mov Disord 2010; 3:11-4. [PMID: 24868372 PMCID: PMC4027657 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy body pathology (LBP) is the pathological hallmark of Lewy body diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Recent studies have shed new light on the role of LBP, the interactions of LBP with concomitant pathologies, and the propagation of LBP from the olfactory bulb and enteric nervous system to the central nervous system. The intrinsic difficulty with identifying clinicopathological correlates could be overcome by improving our understanding of the pathological evolution of LBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Beom Ahn
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Martínez-Cerdeño V, Noctor SC, Espinosa A, Ariza J, Parker P, Orasji S, Daadi MM, Bankiewicz K, Alvarez-Buylla A, Kriegstein AR. Embryonic MGE precursor cells grafted into adult rat striatum integrate and ameliorate motor symptoms in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 6:238-50. [PMID: 20207227 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a strategy to ameliorate the motor symptoms of rats that received 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions, a rodent model of Parkinson's disease, through transplantation of embryonic medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cells into the striatum. During brain development, embryonic MGE cells migrate into the striatum and neocortex where they mature into GABAergic interneurons and play a key role in establishing the balance between excitation and inhibition. Unlike most other embryonic neurons, MGE cells retain the capacity for migration and integration when transplanted into the postnatal and adult brain. We performed MGE cell transplantation into the basal ganglia of control and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Transplanted MGE cells survived, differentiated into GABA(+) neurons, integrated into host circuitry, and modified motor behavior in both lesioned and control rats. Our data suggest that MGE cell transplantation into the striatum is a promising approach to investigate the potential benefits of remodeling basal ganglia circuitry in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Filamentous protein inclusions in neurons (Lewy bodies, LB) and dystrophic neurites containing pathologic alpha-synuclein (alpha Syn) are the morphologic hallmarks of sporadic Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), but are also found in aged subjects and in a variety of neurogenerative disorders. They occur in the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system as an essential or coincident feature. Their formation runs through several phases from initial dust-like particles cross-linked with alpha Syn to aggregation of ubiquitinated dense filaments, formation of LBs, finally degradation and death of the afflicted neurons. Pathologic accumulation of alpha Syn/LBs proposed by Braak et al. (Neurobiol Aging 24:197-211, 2003), following a predictable sequence of lesions in six stages with ascending progression from medullary and olfactory nuclei to the cortex, has been considered to be linked to clinical dysfunctions. The consensus pathologic guidelines of DLB (Neurology 65:1863-1872, 2005), by semiquantitative scoring to alpha Syn pathology (LB density and distribution) in specific brain regions, distinguish three phenotypes (brainstem, transitional/limbic, and diffuse neocortical), and also consider concomitant Alzheimer-related pathology. alpha Syn pathology in the amygdala is often associated with Alzheimer disease. Although some retrospective clinico-pathologic studies have largely confirmed the Braak LB staging system, it shows neither correlation to the clinical severity and duration of parkinsonism nor to nigral alpha Syn burden and cell loss which significantly correlates with resulting striatal loss of dopamine, dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase, duration and severity of motor dysfunction. Between 6.3 and 43% of clinically manifested PD cases did not follow this pattern, and in 7-8.3% of those with alpha Syn-positive inclusions in midbrain and cortex the medullary nuclei were spared. On the other hand, 30-55% of elderly subjects with widespread Lewy pathology revealed no neuropsychiatric symptoms or were not classifiable. Therefore, detection and staging of Lewy pathology without assessment of neuronal loss in specific areas may not have clinical impact and its predictive validity is questionable. For demented patients, modified criteria for categorization of Lewy pathology were proposed. If robust correlations between clinical course and Lewy/alpha Syn pathology are to be confirmed by future studies, the currently used morphologic staging/classification systems should be revised accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Kenyongasse 18, 1070, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|