1
|
Alfaro-Rodriguez A, Cortes-Altamirano J, Reyes-Long S, Bandala C, Morraz-Varela A, Bonilla-Jaime H. Neuropathic Pain in Parkinson's Disease. Neurol India 2022; 70:1879-1886. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
2
|
Liu M, Yu S, Wang J, Qiao J, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhao Y. Ginseng protein protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration by inducing mitochondrial unfolded protein response in Drosophila melanogaster PINK1 model of Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112213. [PMID: 31562951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Historical literature and pharmacological studies demonstrate that ginseng, one of the most popular herbal medicines in China, holds potential benefits for Parkinson's disease (PD). AIM OF THE STUDY Studies in Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) have highlighted mitochondrial dysfunction upon loss of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) as a central mechanism of PD pathogenesis. Using PINK1B9 mutant Dm, we aimed to explore the therapeutic action of ginseng total protein (GTP) on PD and provide in-depth scientific interpretation about the traditional efficacy of ginseng. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first used gel chromatography to purify GTP and confirmed its molecular weight by SDS-PAGE. Effects of GTP on PINK1B9 mutants, which were supplied with standard diet from larvae to adult stages, were assayed in flies aged 3-6 (I), 10-15 (II), and 20-25 (III) days. Parkinson-like phenotypes were analyzed by evaluating lifespan, dopaminergic neurons, dopamine levels, and locomotor ability. Mitochondrial function was assessed by evaluating ATP production, respirometry, and mitochondrial DNA. In addition, reactive oxygen species were measured using dihydroethidium and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. PD-related oxidative stress was simulated by paraquat and rotenone, and mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using JC-10 reagent. Protein and mRNA expression was detected by Western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS This study demonstrates for the first time that GTP treatment delays the onset of a Parkinson-like phenotype in PINK1B9 Dm, including prolongation of lifespan and rescue of climbing ability, as well as rescue of the progressive loss of a cluster of dopaminergic neurons in the protocerebral posterior lateral 1 region, which was accompanied by a significant increase of dopamine content in the brain. In addition, GTP notably reduced the penetrance of abnormal wing position, indicating a strong inhibitory effect on indirect flight muscle degeneration. We further showed that GTP could promote maintenance of mitochondrial function and protect mitochondria from PD-associated oxidative stress by activating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). CONCLUSIONS GTP protected against mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration by inducing UPRmt in the Dm PINK1B9 model of PD. Our results suggest that GTP is a promising candidate for PD, and reveal a new mechanism by which ginseng is neuroprotective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Shiting Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Juhui Qiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Siming Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park J, Seo J, Won J, Yeo HG, Ahn YJ, Kim K, Jin YB, Koo BS, Lim KS, Jeong KJ, Kang P, Lee HY, Baek SH, Jeon CY, Hong JJ, Huh JW, Kim YH, Park SJ, Kim SU, Lee DS, Lee SR, Lee Y. Abnormal Mitochondria in a Non-human Primate Model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease: Drp1 and CDK5/p25 Signaling. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:414-424. [PMID: 31308800 PMCID: PMC6614070 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.3.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria continuously fuse and divide to maintain homeostasis. An impairment in the balance between the fusion and fission processes can trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), with excessive mitochondrial fission in dopaminergic neurons being one of the pathological mechanisms of PD. Here, we investigated the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission in the substantia nigra of a non-human primate model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD. We found that MPTP induced shorter and abnormally distributed mitochondria. This phenomenon was accompanied by the activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a mitochondrial fission protein, through increased phosphorylation at S616. Thereafter, we assessed for activation of the components of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascades, which are known regulators of Drp1(S616) phosphorylation. MPTP induced an increase in p25 and p35, which are required for CDK5 activation. Together, these findings suggest that the phosphorylation of Drp1(S616) by CDK5 is involved in mitochondrial fission in the substantia nigra of a non-human primate model of MPTP-induced PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jincheol Seo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Won
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Yeo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Ahn
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Keonwoo Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Philyong Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sang-Je Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea.,Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Z, Wu A, Dong J, Sigears A, Lu B. Grape skin extract improves muscle function and extends lifespan of a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease through activation of mitophagy. Exp Gerontol 2018; 113:10-17. [PMID: 30248358 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that moderate red wine consumption may confer several health benefits, including protection against heart disease, certain cancers and multiple age-related neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. These health benefits are assumed to come from a compound from grape skin called resveratrol, which has been proposed to be a pro-longevity agent. Whether resveratrol accounts for all the health benefits of grape-derived nutrients and the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of such nutrients are not well understood. Here we investigated the effect of supplementing grape skin extract (GSE) left from red wine-production process to the daily food intake of a Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) loss-of-function. Consumption of GSE resulted in rescue of mitochondrial morphological defects, improvement of indirect flight muscle function and health-span, and prolonged lifespan of the PINK1 mutant flies. Further biochemical and genetic studies revealed a link between activation of mitophagy and the beneficial effects of GSE. Our results indicate that GSE can promote autophagy activation, preserve mitochondria function, and protect against PD pathogenesis, and that the beneficial effect of GSE in mitophagy activation is not accounted for by resveratrol alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Programs in Neuroscience and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94303, United States of America.
| | - Alan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Programs in Neuroscience and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94303, United States of America; Crystal Springs Uplands School, Hillsborough, CA 94010, United States of America
| | - Jason Dong
- Department of Pathology and Programs in Neuroscience and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94303, United States of America
| | - Andy Sigears
- Crystal Springs Uplands School, Hillsborough, CA 94010, United States of America
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Programs in Neuroscience and Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94303, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jang DH, Greenwood JC, Owiredu S, Ranganathan A, Eckmann DM. Mitochondrial networking in human blood cells with application in acute care illnesses. Mitochondrion 2017; 44:27-34. [PMID: 29275149 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that adapt in response to environmental stresses or mutations. Dynamic processes involving mitochondria include their locomotion within cells and fusion and fission events in which mitochondrial join together or split apart. Various imaging strategies have been utilized to track mitochondrial dynamics. One common limitation of most of the methods available is that the time required to perform the technique and analyze the results prohibits application to clinical diagnosis and therapy. We recently demonstrated "whole-cell" mitochondrial analysis in a two-dimensional fashion with fluorescence microscopy. Our developed technique allows evaluation of whole-cell mitochondrial networking, including assessment of mitochondrial motility and rates of fission and fusion events using human blood cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) on a clinically relevant timescale. We demonstrate this methodology in a cohort of healthy subjects as well as a cohort of hospitalized subjects having sepsis, an acute care illness. As there is increasing use of human blood cells as a proxy of organ mitochondrial function with respiration in various disease states, the addition of mitochondrial dynamics will now allow for more thorough clinical evaluation of mitochondrial networking in human disease with potential exploration of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Acute Research Collaboration (PARC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - John C Greenwood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Acute Research Collaboration (PARC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Shawn Owiredu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Acute Research Collaboration (PARC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Abhay Ranganathan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rocha S, Freitas A, Guimaraes SC, Vitorino R, Aroso M, Gomez-Lazaro M. Biological Implications of Differential Expression of Mitochondrial-Shaping Proteins in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 7:E1. [PMID: 29267236 PMCID: PMC5789311 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been accepted that mitochondrial function and morphology is affected in Parkinson's disease, and that mitochondrial function can be directly related to its morphology. So far, mitochondrial morphological alterations studies, in the context of this neurodegenerative disease, have been performed through microscopic methodologies. The goal of the present work is to address if the modifications in the mitochondrial-shaping proteins occurring in this disorder have implications in other cellular pathways, which might constitute important pathways for the disease progression. To do so, we conducted a novel approach through a thorough exploration of the available proteomics-based studies in the context of Parkinson's disease. The analysis provided insight into the altered biological pathways affected by changes in the expression of mitochondrial-shaping proteins via different bioinformatic tools. Unexpectedly, we observed that the mitochondrial-shaping proteins altered in the context of Parkinson's disease are, in the vast majority, related to the organization of the mitochondrial cristae. Conversely, in the studies that have resorted to microscopy-based techniques, the most widely reported alteration in the context of this disorder is mitochondria fragmentation. Cristae membrane organization is pivotal for mitochondrial ATP production, and changes in their morphology have a direct impact on the organization and function of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. To understand which biological processes are affected by the alteration of these proteins we analyzed the binding partners of the mitochondrial-shaping proteins that were found altered in Parkinson's disease. We showed that the binding partners fall into seven different cellular components, which include mitochondria, proteasome, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), amongst others. It is noteworthy that, by evaluating the biological process in which these modified proteins are involved, we showed that they are related to the production and metabolism of ATP, immune response, cytoskeleton alteration, and oxidative stress, amongst others. In summary, with our bioinformatics approach using the data on the modified proteins in Parkinson's disease patients, we were able to relate the alteration of mitochondrial-shaping proteins to modifications of crucial cellular pathways affected in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rocha
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Freitas
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia C Guimaraes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Aroso
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jang DH, Seeger SC, Grady ME, Shofer FS, Eckmann DM. Mitochondrial dynamics and respiration within cells with increased open pore cytoskeletal meshes. Biol Open 2017; 6:1831-1839. [PMID: 29109116 PMCID: PMC5769657 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal architecture directly affects the morphology, motility, and tensional homeostasis of the cell. In addition, the cytoskeleton is important for mitosis, intracellular traffic, organelle motility, and even cellular respiration. The organelle responsible for a majority of the energy conversion for the cell, the mitochondrion, has a dependence on the cytoskeleton for mobility and function. In previous studies, we established that cytoskeletal inhibitors altered the movement of the mitochondria, their morphology, and their respiration in human dermal fibroblasts. Here, we use this protocol to investigate applicability of power law diffusion to describe mitochondrial locomotion, assessment of rates of fission and fusion in healthy and diseased cells, and differences in mitochondria locomotion in more open networks either in response to cytoskeletal destabilizers or by cell line. We found that mitochondria within fibrosarcoma cells and within fibroblast cells treated with an actin-destabilizing toxin resulted in increased net travel, increased average velocity, and increased diffusion of mitochondria when compared to control fibroblasts. Although the mitochondria within the fibrosarcoma travel further than mitochondria within their healthy counterparts, fibroblasts, the dependence on mitochondria for respiration is much lower with higher rates ofhydrogen peroxide production and was confirmed using the OROBOROS O2K. We also found that rates of fission and fusion of the mitochondria equilibrate despite significant alteration of the cytoskeleton. Rates ranged from 15% to 25%, where the highest rates were observed within the fibrosarcoma cell line. This result is interesting because the fibrosarcoma cell line does not have increased respiration metrics including when compared to fibroblast. Mitochondria travel further, faster, and have an increase in percent mitochondria splitting or joining while not dependent on the mitochondria for a majority of its energy production. This study illustrates the complex interaction between mitochondrial movement and respiration through the disruption of the cytoskeleton. Summary: We assessed the effect of cytoskeletal inhibitors and the use of a calcium ionophore as an additional stressor on mitochondrial motility and bioenergetic function in fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, John Morgan Building Room 12, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah C Seeger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martha E Grady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 151 RGAN Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, John Morgan Building Room 12, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, John Morgan Building Room 27B, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moreno C, Hernández-Beltrán N, Munévar D, Gutiérrez-Alvarez A. Central neuropathic pain in Parkinson's disease. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
9
|
Smith GA, Isacson O, Dunnett SB. The search for genetic mouse models of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2012; 237:267-73. [PMID: 22819262 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized and diagnosed by bradykinetic motor symptoms caused by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. The pathological and non-motor behavioral changes that occur prior to degeneration are less well characterized, although changes in gait, olfaction and cognition have been recognized in familial Parkinson's disease subjects. Gene mutations associated familial Parkinson's disease give rise to mitochondrial changes, altered energy homeostasis and intracellular trafficking deficits, and these can be modeled in transgenic mice. Here we discuss the recent finding of prodromal behavioral disturbances in a PINK1 deficient mouse that manifest prior to dopaminergic cell death and correlate to 5-HT fiber losses and mitochondrial morphological changes. We discuss the representation of the PINK1 deficient mouse and other genetic models to accurately recapitulate early Parkinson's disease. Prodromal symptoms and underlying pathology modeled in mice and cell lines from human subjects may have wide implications for earlier diagnosis. Current and emerging therapies need to be tailored to target both early cognitive and late stage motor symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor A Smith
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, MA 02478, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sim CH, Gabriel K, Mills RD, Culvenor JG, Cheng HC. Analysis of the regulatory and catalytic domains of PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1). Hum Mutat 2012; 33:1408-22. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
11
|
Abstract
AbstractGenetic, neuropathological and biochemical evidence implicates α-synuclein, a 140 amino acid presynaptic neuronal protein, in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The aggregated protein inclusions mainly containing aberrant α-synuclein are widely accepted as morphological hallmarks of α-synucleinopathies, but their composition and location vary between disorders along with neuronal networks affected. α-Synuclein exists physiologically in both soluble and membran-bound states, in unstructured and α-helical conformations, respectively, while posttranslational modifications due to proteostatic deficits are involved in β-pleated aggregation resulting in formation of typical inclusions. The physiological function of α-synuclein and its role linked to neurodegeneration, however, are incompletely understood. Soluble oligomeric, not fully fibrillar α-synuclein is thought to be neurotoxic, main targets might be the synapse, axons and glia. The effects of aberrant α-synuclein include alterations of calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative and nitric injuries, cytoskeletal effects, and neuroinflammation. Proteasomal dysfunction might be a common mechanism in the pathogenesis of neuronal degeneration in α-synucleinopathies. However, how α-synuclein induces neurodegeneration remains elusive as its physiological function. Genome wide association studies demonstrated the important role for genetic variants of the SNCA gene encoding α-synuclein in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease, possibly through effects on oxidation, mitochondria, autophagy, and lysosomal function. The neuropathology of synucleinopathies and the role of α-synuclein as a potential biomarker are briefly summarized. Although animal models provided new insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease and multiple system atrophy, most of them do not adequately reproduce the cardinal features of these disorders. Emerging evidence, in addition to synergistic interactions of α-synuclein with various pathogenic proteins, suggests that prionlike induction and seeding of α-synuclein could lead to the spread of the pathology and disease progression. Intervention in the early aggregation pathway, aberrant cellular effects, or secretion of α-synuclein might be targets for neuroprotection and disease-modifying therapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Moreno CB, Hernández-Beltrán N, Munévar D, Gutiérrez-Alvarez AM. Central neuropathic pain in Parkinson's disease. Neurologia 2011; 27:500-3. [PMID: 22018823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central pain is one type of pain that occurs in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Because of its low incidence and prevalence, it often goes unnoticed and affected patients do not therefore receive adequate analgesic therapy, which increases their suffering. It is a burning pain with spontaneous onset and periods of exacerbation; pain is poorly localised and usually more intense on the more affected side. Its pathophysiology on patients with PD is not clearly defined. METHODS We performed a search and systematic selection of all clinical studies published from January 1986 to September 2010 concerning central neuropathic pain in Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with L-Dopa has not been demonstrated to have an analgesic effect on this type of pain. Future studies are required to improve our understanding of this condition, and to develop interventions for preventing and treating it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Moreno
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lopez G, Sidransky E. Autosomal recessive mutations in the development of Parkinson's disease. Biomark Med 2011; 4:713-21. [PMID: 20945983 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.10.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease was long considered a nongenetic disorder, it is now clear that there are multiple predisposing genes, and that the disorder can exhibit either Mendelian or non-Mendelian modes of inheritance. The identification of several of these genes has provided important insights into the pathogenesis of this common complex disorder. This article presents an overview of the genes associated with autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease, including Parkin (PARK2), PINK1 (PARK6), DJ1 (PARK7) and ATP13A2 (PARK9). Recently, it was recognized that mutations in the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease, are associated with an increased incidence of parkinsonism. While Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder, patients with Parkinson's disease can be Gaucher heterozygotes or homozygotes. Elucidating the basis for this association may shed light on new disease mechanisms that contribute to the development of parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grisel Lopez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-3708, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cui T, Fan C, Gu L, Gao H, Liu Q, Zhang T, Qi Z, Zhao C, Zhao H, Cai Q, Yang H. Silencing of PINK1 induces mitophagy via mitochondrial permeability transition in dopaminergic MN9D cells. Brain Res 2011; 1394:1-13. [PMID: 21262209 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of dysfunctional Mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), which encodes a putative mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase, have been identified in early-onset forms of PD. Recent data showed that the loss of PINK1 function led to oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and autophagic elimination of damaged mitochondria. But the precise mechanism of autophagy induced by loss of PINK1 is unclear. In this study, we found that in mouse dopaminergic MN9D cells, down-regulation of PINK1 by RNA interference resulted in induction of mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), abnormal mitochondrial morphology, partial loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitophagy in these cells was associated with the up-regulation of autophagy activator Beclin 1 and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore. These findings suggest that PINK1 may regulate mitophagy through controlling MPT pore opening and general autophagy regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cui
- Beijing Institute for Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bibliography. Genetics. Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2010; 22:833-5. [PMID: 21610333 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32834179f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Chu CT. A pivotal role for PINK1 and autophagy in mitochondrial quality control: implications for Parkinson disease. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:R28-37. [PMID: 20385539 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) is a mitochondrially targeted serine-threonine kinase, which is linked to autosomal recessive familial parkinsonism. Current literature implicates PINK1 as a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial quality control, promoting maintenance of respiring mitochondrial networks through cristae stabilization, phosphorylation of chaperones and possibly regulation of mitochondrial transport or autophagy. Pulse-chase studies indicate that PINK1 is rapidly processed into at least two shorter forms, which are distributed in both mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Through indirect regulation of mitochondrial proteases and Drp1, PINK1 may act to facilitate localized repair and fusion in response to minor mitochondrial stress. With severe mitochondrial damage, PINK1 facilitates aggregation and clearance of depolarized mitochondria through interactions with Parkin and possibly Beclin1. This switch in function most probably involves altered processing, post-translational modification and/or localization of PINK1, as overexpression of full-length PINK1 is required for mitochondrial Parkin recruitment. Under conditions of PINK1 deficiency, dysregulation of reactive oxygen species, electron transport chain function and calcium homeostasis trigger altered mitochondrial dynamics, indicating compromise of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. Nevertheless, Parkin- and Beclin1-regulated mitochondrial autophagy remains effective at recycling PINK1-deficient mitochondria; failure of this final tier of mitochondrial quality control contributes to cell death. Thus, PINK1 plays a pivotal, multifactorial role in mitochondrial homeostasis. As autophagic recycling represents the final tier of mitochondrial quality control, whether PINK1 levels are enhanced or reduced, strategies to promote selective mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis may prove effective for multiple forms of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction of specific populations of neurons, determining clinical presentation. Neuronal loss is associated with extra and intracellular accumulation of misfolded proteins, the hallmarks of many neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Major basic processes include abnormal protein dynamics due to deficiency of the ubiquitin-proteosome-autophagy system, oxidative stress and free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired bioenergetics, dysfunction of neurotrophins, 'neuroinflammatory' processes and (secondary) disruptions of neuronal Golgi apparatus and axonal transport. These interrelated mechanisms lead to programmed cell death is a long run over many years. Neurodegenerative disorders are classified according to known genetic mechanisms or to major components of protein deposits, but recent studies showed both overlap and intraindividual diversities between different phenotypes. Synergistic mechanisms between pathological proteins suggest common pathogenic mechanisms. Animal models and other studies have provided insight into the basic neurodegeneration and cell death programs, offering new ways for future prevention/treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Kenyongasse, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|