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Deng C, Guan Y, Liang Y, Zhuo X, Zhang D, Lao J. Acupuncture treatment of deep and superficial peroneal nerve injuries caused by V-A ECMO-induced right limb ischemia: a case report. Acupunct Med 2024; 42:117-120. [PMID: 38160234 DOI: 10.1177/09645284231210573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Deng
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Eighth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Guan
- The Eighth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Liang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhuo
- Doumen Qiaoli Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Dianyu Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiong Lao
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Eighth Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Onger ME, Altun G, Yildiran A. Pigment epithelium-derived factor enhances peripheral nerve regeneration through modulating oxidative stress and stem cells: An experimental study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2621-2635. [PMID: 36787348 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is common and negatively affects an individual's quality of life. Drugs used for peripheral nerve regeneration should aim to eliminate symptoms such as neuropathic pain and have therapeutic effects. In recent studies, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been considered an essential therapeutic agent because of its potential neuroprotective properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of locally applied PEDF for peripheral nerve regeneration. Twenty-four Wistar albino male rats were used. The study groups included Injury (n = 12) and Injury+PEDF (n = 12). An injury model was created by applying 50 N pressure to the right sciatic nerves in groups, and 10 μg/kg local PEDF was injected into the Injury+PEDF group. After 28 days of recovery, functional tests and stereological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed. A significant difference was found between the Injury and Injury+PEDF groups in amplitude, whereas no difference was found in latency. The number of myelinated axons and the myelinated axon area increased significantly in the Injury+PEDF group, while no statistically significant difference was found in myelin sheath thickness. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased by PEDF, whereas they were suppressed in mesenchymal stem cells. PEDF exerts functional, quantitative, and antioxidative effects on sciatic nerve injury during neuroregeneration. In addition, when oxidative stress parameters were examined, it was seen that PEDF reduced oxidative stress following sciatic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Onger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alisan Yildiran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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3
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Kim JM, Choi JS, Jung J, Yeo SG, Kim SH. Inhibitory effect of parthenolide on peripheral nerve degeneration. Anat Sci Int 2023; 98:529-539. [PMID: 37024641 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic axonal damage disrupts connections between neurons, leading to the loss of motor and sensory functions. Although damaged peripheral nerves can regenerate, recovery depends on the variety and severity of nerve damage. Thus, many phytochemicals have been studied for their ability to reduce peripheral nerve degeneration, and among them, Parthenolide (PTL), which is extracted from Feverfew has effects against production of free radicals, inflammation, and apoptosis. Thus, we conducted a study to investigate whether PTL has an inhibitory effect on peripheral nerve degeneration during peripheral nerve damage. To verify the effect of PTL on peripheral nerve degeneration process, a morphological comparison of peripheral nerves with and without PTL was performed. PTL significantly reduced the quantity of fragmented ovoid formations at 3DIV (days in vitro). Immunostaining for MBP revealed that the ratio of intact myelin sheaths increased significantly in sciatic nerve with PTL compared with absence of PTL at 3DIV. Furthermore, nerve fibers in the presence of PTL maintained the continuity of Neurofilament (NF) compared to those without at 3DIV. Immunostaining for LAMP1 and p75 NTR showed that the expression of LAMP1 and p75 NTR decreased in the nerve after PTL addition at 3DIV. Lastly, immunostaining for anti-Ki67 revealed that PTL inhibited Ki67 expression at 3DIV compared to without PTL. These results confirm that PTL inhibits peripheral nerve degenerative processes. PTL may be a good applicant to inhibit peripheral nerve degeneration. Our study examined the effect of Parthenolide in preventing degeneration of peripheral nerves by inhibiting the breakdown of peripheral axons and myelin, also inhibiting Schwann cell trans-dedifferentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jae Sun Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Seou, 02447, Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicines, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
- Department of Otohinolaryngology - H & N Surgery, School of Medicine, KyungHee University, #1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-702, Korea.
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Chen S, Gu X, Li R, An S, Wang Z. Genome-wide Analysis of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Trimethylation Profiles in Sciatic Nerve of Chronic Constriction Injury Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1945-1957. [PMID: 36763313 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) is one of the most important chromatin modifications, which is associated with injury-activated gene expression in Schwann cells (SCs). However, the alteration of genome-wide H3K27me3 enrichments in the development of neuropathic pain is still unknown. Here, we applied the chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) approach to identify the alteration of differential enrichments of H3K27me3 in chronic constriction injury (CCI) sciatic nerve of rats and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the development of neuropathic pain. Our results indicated that CCI increased the numbers of SCs displaying H3K27 methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and H3K27me3 in the sciatic nerve. ChIP-seq data showed that CCI significantly changed H3K27me3 enrichments on gene promoters in the sciatic nerve. Bioinformatics analyses exhibited that genes gaining H3K27me3 were mostly associated with regulation of cell proliferation, response to stress and oxidation-reduction process. Genes losing this mark were enriched in neuronal generation, and MAPK, cAMP as well as ERBB signaling pathways. Importantly, IL1A, CCL2, NOS2, S100A8, BDNF, GDNF, ERBB3 and C3 were identified as key genes in neuropathic pain. CCI led to significant upregulation of key genes in the sciatic nerve. EZH2 inhibitor reversed CCI-induced increases of H3K27me3 and key gene protein levels, which were accompanied by relieved mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats. These results indicate that genes with differential enrichments of H3K27me3 in SCs function in various cellular processes and pathways, and many are linked to neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Ying Sheng Dong Lu, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xinpei Gu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Ying Sheng Dong Lu, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Ruidi Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Ying Sheng Dong Lu, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Shuhong An
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Ying Sheng Dong Lu, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Zhaojin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 2 Ying Sheng Dong Lu, Taian, 271000, China.
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Neuritin Promotes Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration to Treat Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6666-6683. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Du H, Zhou X, Shi L, Xia M, Wang Y, Guo N, Hu H, Zhang P, Yang H, Zhu F, Teng Z, Liu C, Zhao M. Shikonin Attenuates Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neuron Degeneration by Activating Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:829642. [PMID: 35283722 PMCID: PMC8908960 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.829642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of inner ear spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) remain largely unknown. Shikonin (a naphthoquinone pigment isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine comfrey root) has anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and promoting proliferation and differentiation effects on neural progenitor cells. To study the protective effect of shikonin on auditory nerve damage, we isolated spiral ganglion neuron cells (SGNs) and spiral ganglion Schwann cells (SGSs) that provide nutrients in vitro and pretreated them with shikonin. We found that shikonin can reduce ouabain, a drug that can selectively destroy SGNs and induce auditory nerve damage, caused SGNs proliferation decreased, neurite outgrowth inhibition, cells apoptosis and mitochondrial depolarization. In addition, we found that shikonin can increase the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream molecules HO-1 and NQO1, thereby enhancing the antioxidant capacity of SGNs and SGSs, promoting cells proliferation, and inhibiting cells apoptosis by activating the Nrf2/antioxidant response elements (ARE) signal pathway. However, knockdown of Nrf2 rescued the protective effect of shikonin on SGNs and SGSs damage. In addition, we injected shikonin pretreatment into mouse that ouabain-induced hearing loss and found that shikonin pretreatment has a defensive effect on auditory nerve damage. In summary, the results of this study indicate that shikonin could attenuate the level of oxidative stress in SGNs and SGSs through the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway activated, induce the proliferation and differentiation of SGNs, and thereby improve the neurological hearing damage in mice. Therefore, shikonin may be a candidate therapeutic drug for endogenous antioxidants that can be used to treat neurological deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Xuanchen Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Houyang Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenxiao Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chengcheng Liu,
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Miaoqing Zhao,
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Gastrodin promotes the regeneration of peripheral nerves by regulating miR-497/BDNF axis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:45. [PMID: 35177060 PMCID: PMC8855574 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrodin (GAS), is a kind of phenolic compound extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB). This study was aimed at probing into the protective effect of GAS on peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and the underlying mechanism. Methods A rat model with PNI was established, followed by intraperitoneal injection of GAS (20 mg/kg/day). Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was used to analyze the function of sciatic nerve. The amplitude and latency of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were examined by electrophysiology. Schwann cells (SCs) were isolated from fetal rats and treated with GAS 200 μg/mL, and H2O2-induced model of oxidative stress injury was established. EdU and Transwell assays were adopted to detect the viability and migration of SCs. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were applied to verify the binding site between miR-497 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 3’UTR. MiR-497 expression was probed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). BDNF, neurofilament-200 (NF-200) and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression levels were detected by Western blotting. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione content (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity in SCs were also measured. Results GAS treatment could significantly increase the SFI and amplitude of CMAP, shorten the refractory period, and ameliorate muscle atrophy of the rats with PNI. GAS treatment could markedly restrain miR-497 expression and increase the expression levels of BDNF, NF-200 and MBP in SCs. BDNF was confirmed as the target of miR-497 and BDNF overexpression could reverse the impacts of miR-497 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress response of SCs. Conclusions GAS promotes the recovery of PNI via modulating miR-497 / BDNF axis and inhibiting oxidative stress. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03483-z.
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Nazareth L, St John J, Murtaza M, Ekberg J. Phagocytosis by Peripheral Glia: Importance for Nervous System Functions and Implications in Injury and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660259. [PMID: 33898462 PMCID: PMC8060502 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has very limited capacity to regenerate after traumatic injury or disease. In contrast, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has far greater capacity for regeneration. This difference can be partly attributed to variances in glial-mediated functions, such as axon guidance, structural support, secretion of growth factors and phagocytic activity. Due to their growth-promoting characteristic, transplantation of PNS glia has been trialed for neural repair. After peripheral nerve injuries, Schwann cells (SCs, the main PNS glia) phagocytose myelin debris and attract macrophages to the injury site to aid in debris clearance. One peripheral nerve, the olfactory nerve, is unique in that it continuously regenerates throughout life. The olfactory nerve glia, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), are the primary phagocytes within this nerve, continuously clearing axonal debris arising from the normal regeneration of the nerve and after injury. In contrast to SCs, OECs do not appear to attract macrophages. SCs and OECs also respond to and phagocytose bacteria, a function likely critical for tackling microbial invasion of the CNS via peripheral nerves. However, phagocytosis is not always effective; inflammation, aging and/or genetic factors may contribute to compromised phagocytic activity. Here, we highlight the diverse roles of SCs and OECs with the focus on their phagocytic activity under physiological and pathological conditions. We also explore why understanding the contribution of peripheral glia phagocytosis may provide us with translational strategies for achieving axonal regeneration of the injured nervous system and potentially for the treatment of certain neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Nazareth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - James St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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Ye K, Yu J, Li L, Wang H, Tang B, Ni W, Zhou J, Ling Y, Lu X, Niu D, Ramalingam M, Hu J. Microvesicles from Schwann-Like Cells as a New Biomaterial Promote Axonal Growth. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:291-302. [PMID: 33785099 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells promote axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. However, in terms of clinical treatment, the therapeutic effects of Schwann cells are limited by their source. The transmission of microvesicles from neuroglia cells to axons is a novel communication mechanism in axon regeneration.To evaluate the effect of microvesicles released from Schwann-like cells on axonal regeneration, neural stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells differentiated into Schwann-like cells, which presented a typical morphology and characteristics similar to those of schwann cells. The glial markers like MBP, P0, P75NTR, PMP-22, GFAP, HNK-1 and S100 were upregulated, whereas the neural stem markers like NESTIN, SOX1 and SOX2 were significantly downregulated in schwann-like cells. Microvesicles enhanced axonal growth in dorsal root ganglia neurons and regulated GAP43 expression in neuron-like cells (N2A and PC12) through the PTEN/PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway. A 5 mm section of sciatic nerve was transected in Sprague-Dawley rats. With microvesicles transplantation, regenerative nerves were evaluated after 6 weeks. Microvesicles increased sciatic function index scores, delayed gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and elevated βIII-tubulin-labeled axons in vivo. Schwann-like cells serve as a convenient source and promote axonal growth by secreting microvesicles, which may potentially be used as bioengineering materials for nerve tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahong Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiqin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yating Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorui Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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Lu J, Yan X, Sun X, Shen X, Yin H, Wang C, Liu Y, Lu C, Fu H, Yang S, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhao L, Lu S, Mikos AG, Peng J, Wang X. Synergistic effects of dual-presenting VEGF- and BDNF-mimetic peptide epitopes from self-assembling peptide hydrogels on peripheral nerve regeneration. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19943-19958. [PMID: 31602446 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The crosstalk between vascularization and nerve regeneration in the peripheral nervous system has recently been suggested to play an important role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Regenerative strategies via synergistic delivery of multiple biochemical cues have received growing attention, especially the combination of pro-angiogenic factors and neurotrophic factors. Here we developed a self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel dual-functionalized with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-mimetic peptide epitopes for peripheral nerve reconstruction. It could simultaneously present VEGF- and BDNF-mimetic peptide epitopes and provides a three-dimensional (3D) neurovascular microenvironment for endothelial cell and neural cell growth. In vitro cellular experiments showed that the functionalized peptide hydrogel scaffold effectively promoted the pro-myelination of Schwann cell, as well as the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cell compared with scaffolds presenting VEGF- or BDNF-mimetic peptide epitope alone. When implanted in a rat model to bridge a critical-size sciatic nerve gap in vivo, the functionalized peptide hydrogel significantly improved the number of newly formed blood vessels, the density of regenerating axons, the morphometric analysis of the regenerated muscles and the electrophysiological findings, indicating the synergistic effect of the two bioactive motifs on peripheral nerve regeneration. Collectively, constructing an artificial neurovascular microenvironment in the lesion area by using the functionalized self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel may have a great potential for promoting nerve tissue engineering and regeneration in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. and Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xuezhen Shen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. and Department of Orthopedics, Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Heyong Yin
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Chenhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Changfeng Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. and Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Fu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shibi Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Fu T, Lineaweaver WC, Zhang F, Zhang J. Role of shortwave and microwave diathermy in peripheral neuropathy. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3569-3579. [PMID: 31304815 PMCID: PMC6726803 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519854905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to review the current evidence for the efficacy of shortwave and microwave diathermy in promoting nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries in both animal models and human patients. Methods An extensive literature search was conducted without publication data restrictions. Studies including the intervention and outcome in animal or human models were selected. Non-English studies, reviews, letters, and case reports were excluded. Results Eleven articles were included in this study. Shortwave diathermy at the frequency of 27.12 or 40.68 MHz was used in six of seven animal studies, while only one study utilized microwave diathermy at 915 MHz. Seven animal experiments demonstrated that shortwave or microwave diathermy produces an increased myelinated nerve fiber number, myelin sheath thickness, and axon diameter as well as improved electrophysiological parameters and locomotion. A total of 128 patients (207 wrists) were enrolled in four clinical studies. The clinical use of diathermy in human patients with carpal tunnel syndrome showed positive effects on pain, hand function, and electrophysiological findings. Conclusions Shortwave or microwave diathermy can improve the electrophysiological parameters, myelinated fiber number, and axon diameter of the injured nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Fu
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Feng Zhang
- 3 Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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The natural plant flavonoid apigenin is a strong antioxidant that effectively delays peripheral neurodegenerative processes. Anat Sci Int 2019; 94:285-294. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-019-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhou XB, Zou DX, Gu W, Wang D, Feng JS, Wang JY, Zhou JL. An Experimental Study on Repeated Brief Ischemia in Promoting Sciatic Nerve Repair and Regeneration in Rats. World Neurosurg 2018; 114:e11-e21. [PMID: 29374605 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that ischemic preconditioning reduced the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury in brain in rats, we have a hypothesis that repeated brief ischemia has positive effects on peripheral nerve damage. This study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of repeated brief ischemia on peripheral nerve regeneration using a rat model of experimental sciatic nerve transection injury. METHODS Treatment groups (groups A-D) received repeated, brief ischemia every 1 day/2 days/3 days/7 days. After surgery for 4, 8, 12 weeks, we evaluated sciatic functional index test, gastrocnemius muscle wet mass, axon and nerve fiber diameter, density, G-ratio, immunohistochemistry of S-100, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the ultrastructure of the nerves. RESULTS Sciatic functional index test and muscle wet mass were improved on the repeated brief ischemia groups. Ischemia treatment resulted in a significant increase in axon and nerve fiber density as well as S-100 and VEGF-positive cell, which indicated that repeated brief ischemia promotes Schwann cell proliferation and reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS This study exhibits the positive effects of repeated brief ischemia in sciatic nerve transection injury, possibly in part because it can improve VEGF and the physiologic state of Schwann cells in the ischemic environment and then accelerate the ability of neurite outgrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Shi Jia-Zhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Xin Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, YanTai-Shan Hospital, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Hospital of Shi Jia-Zhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Shu Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Shi Jia-Zhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Yong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Shi Jia-Zhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Seo N, Lee SH, Ju KW, Woo J, Kim B, Kim S, Jahng JW, Lee JH. Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field pretreated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the regeneration of crush-injured rat mental nerve. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:145-153. [PMID: 29451219 PMCID: PMC5840980 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.224383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) reportedly promotes the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of BMSCs. Low-frequency PEMF can induce the neuronal differentiation of BMSCs in the absence of nerve growth factors. This study was designed to investigate the effects of low-frequency PEMF pretreatment on the proliferation and function of BMSCs and the effects of low-frequency PEMF pre-treated BMSCs on the regeneration of injured peripheral nerve using in vitro and in vivo experiments. In in vitro experiments, quantitative DNA analysis was performed to determine the proliferation of BMSCs, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect S100 (Schwann cell marker), glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocyte marker), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor (neurotrophic factors) mRNA expression. In the in vivo experiments, rat models of crush-injured mental nerve established using clamp method were randomly injected with low-frequency PEMF pretreated BMSCs, unpretreated BMSCs or PBS at the injury site (1 × 106 cells). DiI-labeled BMSCs injected at the injury site were counted under the fluorescence microscope to determine cell survival. One or two weeks after cell injection, functional recovery of the injured nerve was assessed using the sensory test with von Frey filaments. Two weeks after cell injection, axonal regeneration was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis and retrograde labeling of trigeminal ganglion neurons. In vitro experiment results revealed that low-frequency PEMF pretreated BMSCs proliferated faster and had greater mRNA expression of growth factors than unpretreated BMSCs. In vivo experiment results revealed that compared with injection of unpretreated BMSCs, injection of low-frequency PEMF pretreated BMSCs led to higher myelinated axon count and axon density and more DiI-labeled neurons in the trigeminal ganglia, contributing to rapider functional recovery of injured mental nerve. These findings suggest that low-frequency PEMF pretreatment is a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of cell therapy for peripheral nerve injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaRi Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Won Ju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JaeMan Woo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - BongJu Kim
- Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science (CTRC), Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SoungMin Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jahng
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Seoul National University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University; Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science (CTRC), Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Xu S, Ao J, Gu H, Wang X, Xie C, Meng D, Wang L, Liu M. IL-22 Impedes the Proliferation of Schwann cells: Transcriptome Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:2395-2405. [PMID: 26960328 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) proliferation is crucial for nerve regeneration following nerve injury. This study aims to investigate effects of interleukin-22 (IL-22) on SCs proliferation in vitro, as well as the corresponding mechanism. Rat SCs were treated with 100 ng/ml rat IL-22 for 48 h, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected using fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. After transcriptome sequencing, raw reads were filtered and mapped to reference genome rn5. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) between IL-22 and control groups were identified (tool: Cuffdiff). Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed (tool: GOFunction), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed (tool: STRING and Cytoscape). Furthermore, Pearson's correlations between DEGs and DElncRNAs were analyzed, and regulatory network of DEGs, DElncRNAs, and transcription factors (TFs) was constructed. IL-22 significantly inhibited proliferation (p value < 0.05) and promoted apoptosis of Schwann cells. Totally, 932 DEGs and 118 DElncRNAs were identified, among which Ccl2 and Ccna2 were hub genes in PPI network. Up-regulated DEGs were enriched in apoptosis related terms, whereas down-regulated DEGs were enriched in proliferation related terms. DElncRNAs like NONRATT023505, NONRATG020400, and NONRATT022748 were correlated with multiple DEGs enriched in cell cycle and division. Moreover, up-regulated TFs Egr1, Cebpd, and Atf4 play crucial roles in regulatory network, and NONRATG020400-Cebpd-Ccl2, NONRATT023505/NONRATT022748-Atf4-Ccna2, and NONRATT022748-Egr1-Id1/Aldoc/Eno2/F3/Serpine1 regulatory pathways were identified in SCs after IL-22 treatment. IL-22 might influence SCs proliferation and apoptosis via regulating lncRNA-TF-gene pathways in SCs. However, more studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junping Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haihui Gu
- Department of Transfusion, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Depeng Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lishan Wang
- Med-X Research Insitute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Low-energy Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction in a Pelvic Neurovascular Injuries Rat Model. J Sex Med 2016; 13:22-32. [PMID: 26755082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by pelvic injuries is a common complication of civil and battlefield trauma with multiple neurovascular factors involved, and no effective therapeutic approach is available. AIMS To test the effect and mechanisms of low-energy shock wave (LESW) therapy in a rat ED model induced by pelvic neurovascular injuries. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) at newborn were divided into 4 groups: sham surgery (Sham), pelvic neurovascular injury by bilateral cavernous nerve injury and internal pudendal bundle injury (PVNI), PVNI treated with LESW at low energy (Low), and PVNI treated with LESW at high energy (High). After LESW treatment, rats underwent erectile function measurement and the tissues were harvested for histologic and molecular study. To examine the effect of LESW on Schwann cells, in vitro studies were conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement, histological examination, and Western blot (WB) were conducted. Cell cycle, Schwann cell activation-related markers were examined in in vitro experiments. RESULTS LESW treatment improves erectile function in a rat model of pelvic neurovascular injury by leading to angiogenesis, tissue restoration, and nerve generation with more endogenous EdU(+) progenitor cells recruited to the damaged area and activation of Schwann cells. LESW facilitates more complete re-innervation of penile tissue with regeneration of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive nerves from the MPG to the penis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LESW has a direct effect on Schwann cell proliferation. Schwann cell activation-related markers including p-Erk1/2 and p75 were upregulated after LESW treatment. CONCLUSION LESW-induced endogenous progenitor cell recruitment and Schwann cell activation coincides with angiogenesis, tissue, and nerve generation in a rat model of pelvic neurovascular injuries.
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Meeker R, Williams K. Dynamic nature of the p75 neurotrophin receptor in response to injury and disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:615-28. [PMID: 25239528 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins and their respective tropomyosin related kinase (Trk) receptors (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) play a fundamental role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system making them important targets for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Whereas Trk receptors are directly activated by specific neurotrophins, the p75(NTR) is a multifunctional receptor that exerts its effects via heterodimeric interactions with TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, sortilin or the Nogo receptor to regulate a wide array of cellular functions. By partnering with different receptors the p75(NTR) regulates binding of mature versus pro-neurotrophins and activation of different signaling pathways with outcomes ranging from growth and survival to cell death. While the developmental downregulation of the p75(NTR) has raised questions regarding its role in the mature nervous system, recent data have revealed widespread expression of low levels, a role in synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis and upregulation in response to injury or disease. Studies are needed to better understand these processes, particularly in the damaged nervous system, but will be complicated by expression of p75(NTR) on immune cells including macrophages and microglia that are intimately involved in disease and repair processes. Recent approaches that regulate p75(NTR) function with small non-peptide ligands have demonstrated potent neuroprotection in models of injury and neurodegenerative diseases that highlight the importance of the p75(NTR) as a therapeutic target. Future studies hold the promise of revealing a wealth of information on the multifaceted actions of the p75(NTR) that will inform the design of new neurotrophin-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Meeker
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, CB #7025 6109F Neuroscience Research Building, 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA,
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Zhao F, He W, Zhang Y, Tian D, Zhao H, Yu K, Bai J. Electric stimulation and decimeter wave therapy improve the recovery of injured sciatic nerves. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1974-84. [PMID: 25206506 PMCID: PMC4145900 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.21.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug treatment, electric stimulation and decimeter wave therapy have been shown to promote the repair and regeneration of the peripheral nerves at the injured site. This study prepared a Mackinnon's model of rat sciatic nerve compression. Electric stimulation was given immediately after neurolysis, and decimeter wave radiation was performed at 1 and 12 weeks post-operation. Histological observation revealed that intraoperative electric stimulation and decimeter wave therapy could improve the local blood circulation of repaired sites, alleviate hypoxia of compressed nerves, and lessen adhesion of compressed nerves, thereby decreasing the formation of new entrapments and enhancing compressed nerve regeneration through an improved microenvironment for regeneration. Immunohistochemical staining results revealed that intraoperative electric stimulation and decimeter wave could promote the expression of S-100 protein. Motor nerve conduction velocity and amplitude, the number and diameter of myelinated nerve fibers, and sciatic functional index were significantly increased in the treated rats. These results verified that intraoperative electric stimulation and decimeter wave therapy contributed to the regeneration and the recovery of the functions in the compressed nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dehu Tian
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongfang Zhao
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kunlun Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiangbo Bai
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
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Chang HM, Liu CH, Hsu WM, Chen LY, Wang HP, Wu TH, Chen KY, Ho WH, Liao WC. Proliferative effects of melatonin on Schwann cells: implication for nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:322-32. [PMID: 24499296 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of proliferation of Schwann cells is crucial for axonal guidance and successful nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Considering melatonin plays an important role in proliferative regulation of central glial cells, the present study determined whether melatonin can effectively promote Schwann cell proliferation and improve nerve regeneration after PNI. The spontaneous immortalized rat Schwann cell line (RSC 96 cells) was first analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to detect the potential existence of melatonin receptors. The melatonin receptor-mediated signaling responsible for proliferation was examined by measuring the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) pathway. The in vivo model of PNI was performed by the end-to-side neurorrhaphy. The quantity of Schwann cells as well as the number of re-innervated motor end plates (MEP) on target muscles was examined to represent the functional recovery of injured nerves. QPCR results indicated that MT1 is the dominant receptor in Schwann cells. Immunoblotting and proliferation assay revealed an enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and increased number of RSC 96 cells following melatonin administration. Nonselective melatonin receptor antagonist (luzindole) treatment significantly suppressed all the above findings, suggesting that the proliferative effects of melatonin were mediated by a receptor-dependent pathway. In vivo results corresponded well with in vitro findings in which melatonin effectively increased the amount of proliferated Schwann cells and re-innervated MEP on target muscles following PNI. As melatonin successfully improves nerve regeneration by promoting Schwann cell proliferation, therapeutic use of melatonin may thus serve as a promising strategy to counteract the PNI-induced neuronal disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Luo B, Huang J, Lu L, Hu X, Luo Z, Li M. Electrically induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor release from Schwann cells. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:893-903. [PMID: 24753179 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Regulating the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Schwann cells (SCs) is critical for their application in traumatic nerve injury, neurodegenerative disorders, and demyelination disease in both central and peripheral nervous systems. The present study investigated the possibility of using electrical stimulation (ES) to activate SCs to release BDNF. We found that short-term ES was capable of promoting BDNF production from SCs, and the maximal BDNF release was achieved by ES at 6 V (3 Hz, 30 min). We further examined the involvement of intracellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) in the ES-induced BDNF production in SCs by pharmacological studies. We found that the ES-induced BDNF release required calcium influx through T-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) and calcium mobilization from internal calcium stores, including inositol triphosphate-sensitive stores and caffeine/ryanodine-sensitive stores. In addition, calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK IV), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were found to play important roles in the ES-induced BDNF release from SCs. In conclusion, ES is capable of activating SCs to secrete BDNF, which requires the involvement of calcium influx through T-type VGCC and calcium mobilization from internal calcium stores. In addition, activation of CaMK IV, MAPK, and CREB were also involved in the ES-induced BDNF release. The findings indicate that ES can improve the neurotrophic ability in SCs and raise the possibility of developing electrically stimulated SCs as a source of cell therapy for nerve injury in both peripheral and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beier Luo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Lopez-Verrilli MA, Picou F, Court FA. Schwann cell-derived exosomes enhance axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Glia 2013; 61:1795-806. [PMID: 24038411 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system is greatly supported by Schwann cells (SCs). After nerve injury, SCs dedifferentiate to a progenitor-like state and efficiently guide axons to their original target tissues. Contact and soluble factors participate in the crosstalk between SCs and axons during axonal regeneration. Here we show that dedifferentiated SCs secrete nano-vesicles known as exosomes which are specifically internalized by axons. Surprisingly, SC-derived exosomes markedly increase axonal regeneration in vitro and enhance regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in vivo. Exosomes shift the growth cone morphology to a pro-regenerating phenotype and decrease the activity of the GTPase RhoA, involved in growth cone collapse and axon retraction. Altogether, our work identifies a novel mechanism by which SCs communicate with neighboring axons during regenerative processes. We propose that SC exosomes represent an important mechanism by which these cells locally support axonal maintenance and regeneration after nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Lopez-Verrilli
- Millennium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ma J, Liu J, Wang Q, Yu H, Chen Y, Xiang L. The beneficial effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on Schwann cells subjected to hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative injury. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:624-36. [PMID: 23847444 PMCID: PMC3708042 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) has been considered to have therapeutic potential in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery after sciatic nerve injuries. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of GRg1 on peripheral nerve regeneration is currently unclear. The possible effect of GRg1 on Schwann cells (SCs), which were subjected to oxidative injury after nerve injury, might contribute to the beneficial effect of GRg1 on nerve regeneration. The present study was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of GRg1 on SCs exposed to oxidative injury. The oxidative injury to SCs was induced by hydrogen peroxide. The effect of GRg1 (50 μM) on SCs exposed to oxidative injury was measured by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in SCs. The cell number and cell viability of SCs were evaluated through fluorescence observation and MTT assay. The apoptosis of SCs induced by oxidative injury was evaluated by an apoptosis assay. The expression and secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were evaluated using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and an ELISA method. We found that GRg1 significantly up-regulated the level of SOD, GSH and CAT, and decreased the level of MDA in SCs treated with hydrogen peroxide. In addition, GRg1 has been shown to be able to inhibit the proapoptotic effect of hydrogen peroxide, as well as inhibit the detrimental effect of hydrogen peroxide on cell number and cell viability. Furthermore, GRg1 also increased the mRNA levels, protein levels and secretion of NGF and BDNF in SCs after incubation of hydrogen peroxide. Further study showed that preincubation with H89 (a PKA inhibitor) significantly inhibited the effects induced by hydrogen peroxide, indicating that the PKA pathway might be involved in the antioxidant effect and neurotrophic factors (NTFs) promoting effect of GRg1. In addition, a short-term in vivo study was performed to confirm and validate the antioxidant effect and nerve regeneration-promoting effect of GRg1 in a sciatic crush injury model in rats. We found that GRg1 significantly increased SOD, CAT and GSH, decreased MDA, as well as promoted nerve regeneration after crush injury. In conclusion, the present study showed that GRg1 is capable of helping SCs recover from the oxidative insult induced by hydrogen peroxide, which might account, at least in part, for the beneficial effect of GRg1 on nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, 110016 Liaoning, China
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