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Wang X, Fei W, Wu H, Wan C. Dermoscopic findings of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma: a case report. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38634642 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Wenmin Fei
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Hongxuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Wan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
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Mi T, Zhang Z, Zhanghuang C, Jin L, Tan X, Liu J, Wu X, Li M, Wang J, Wang Z, Guo P, He D. Doxycycline hydrochloride inhibits the progress of malignant rhabdoid tumor of kidney by targeting MMP17 and MMP1 through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176291. [PMID: 38158115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify therapeutic targets for malignant rhabdoid tumors of kidney (MRTK) and to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of doxycycline hydrochloride on these tumors. METHODS Gene expression and clinical data of MRTK were retrieved from the TARGET database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and prognostic-related genes (PRGs) were selected through a combination of statistical analyses. The functional roles of MMP17 and MMP1 were elucidated through RNA overexpression and intervention experiments. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies provided evidence for the inhibitory effect of doxycycline hydrochloride on MRTK. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was employed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS 3507 DEGs and 690 PRGs in MRTK were identified. Among these, we focused on 41 highly expressed genes associated with poor prognosis and revealed their involvement in extracellular matrix regulatory pathways. Notably, MMP17 and MMP1 stood out as particularly influential genes. When these genes were knocked out, a significant inhibition of proliferation, invasion and migration was observed in G401 cells. Furthermore, our study explored the impact of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, doxycycline hydrochloride, on the malignant progression of G401 both in vitro and in vivo. Combined with sequencing data, the results indicated that doxycycline hydrochloride effectively inhibited MRTK progression, due to its ability to suppress the expression of MMP17 and MMP1 through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Doxycycline hydrochloride inhibits the expression of MMP17 and MMP1 through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the malignant progression of MRTK in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Mi
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Mujie Li
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Dawei He
- Children's Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Key Laboratory of Children's Developmental Diseases Research, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400014, China; National International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Childhood Developmental Diseases, Children 's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Diseases, Children 's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Suurmeijer AJH, Dickson BC, Antonescu CR. Complementary value of molecular analysis to expert review in refining classification of uncommon soft tissue tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23196. [PMID: 37702439 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The classification of many soft tissue tumors remains subjective due their rarity, significant overlap in microscopic features and often a non-specific immunohistochemical (IHC) profile. The application of molecular genetic tools, which leverage the underlying molecular pathogenesis of these neoplasms, have considerably improved the diagnostic abilities of pathologists and refined classification based on objective molecular markers. In this study, we describe the results of an international collaboration conducted over a 3-year period, assessing the added diagnostic value of applying molecular genetics to sarcoma expert pathologic review in a selected series of 84 uncommon, mostly unclassifiable mesenchymal tumors, 74 of which originated in soft tissues and 10 in bone. The case mix (71% historical, 29% contemporary) included mostly unusual and challenging soft tissue tumors, which remained unclassified even with the benefit of expert review and routine ancillary methods, including broad IHC panels and a limited number of commercially available fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes. All cases were further tested by FISH using a wide range of custom bacterial artificial chromosome probes covering most of known fusions in sarcomas, whereas targeted RNA sequencing was performed in 13 cases negative by FISH, for potential discovery of novel fusion genes. Tumor-defining molecular alterations were found in 48/84 tumors (57%). In 27 (32%) cases the tumor diagnosis was refined or revised by the additional molecular work-up, including five cases (6%), in which the updated diagnosis had clinical implications. Sarcoma classification is rapidly evolving due to an increased molecular characterization of these neoplasms, so unsurprisingly 17% of the tumors in this series harbored abnormalities only very recently described as defining novel molecularly defined soft tissue tumor subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J H Suurmeijer
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Kaur G, Khanna B, Yusuf M, Sharma A, Khajuria A, Alajangi HK, Jaiswal PK, Sachdeva M, Barnwal RP, Singh G. A Path of Novelty from Nanoparticles to Nanobots: Theragnostic Approach for Targeting Cancer Therapy. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:1-38. [PMID: 38305340 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023046674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical development of cancer therapeutics is a dynamic area of research. Even after decades of intensive work, cancer continues to be a dreadful disease with an ever-increasing global incidence. The progress of nanotechnology in cancer research has overcome inherent limitations in conventional cancer chemotherapy and fulfilled the need for target-specific drug carriers. Nanotechnology uses the altered patho-physiological microenvironment of malignant cells and offers various advantages like improved solubility, reduced toxicity, prolonged drug circulation with controlled release, circumventing multidrug resistance, and enhanced biodistribution. Early cancer detection has a crucial role in selecting the best drug regime, thus, diagnosis and therapeutics go hand in hand. Furthermore, nanobots are an amazing possibility and promising innovation with numerous significant applications, particularly in fighting cancer and cleaning out blood vessels. Nanobots are tiny robots, ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm. Moreover, the nanobots would work similarly to white blood cells, watching the bloodstream and searching for indications of distress. This review articulates the evolution of various organic and inorganic nanoparticles and nanobots used as therapeutics, along with their pros and cons. It also highlights the shift in diagnostics from conventional methods to more advanced techniques. This rapidly growing domain is providing more space for engineering desired nanoparticles that can show miraculous results in therapeutic and diagnostic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharanpreet Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bhawna Khanna
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mohammed Yusuf
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Hema K Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Pradeep K Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mandip Sachdeva
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Eghtedari AR, Vaezi MA, Safari E, Salimi V, Safizadeh B, Babaheidarian P, Abiri A, Mahdinia E, Alireza Mirzaei, Mokhles P, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. The expression changes of PD-L1 and immune response mediators are related to the severity of primary bone tumors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20474. [PMID: 37993664 PMCID: PMC10665336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression pattern, diagnostic value, and association of PD-L1, IFN-γ and TGF-β with bone tumor type, severity, and relapse are determined in this study. 300 human samples from patients with osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and GCT were enrolled. The PD-L1 gene and protein expression were assessed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. ELISA and flow cytometry was used to detect cytokines and CD4/CD8 T cell percentages, respectively. A considerable increase in PD-L1 level was detected in bone tumor tissues at both gene and protein levels that was considerable in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. A positive correlation was detected regarding the PD-L1 and tumor metastasis and recurrence in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. The increased IFN-γ level was detected in patients with metastatic, and recurrent osteosarcoma tumors that were in accordance with the level of TGF-β in these samples. The simultaneous elevation of IFN-γ and TGF-β was detected in Ewing sarcoma and GCT, also the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio was decreased significantly in patients with osteosarcoma compared to GCT tumors. The elevated levels of PD-L1, TGF- β, and IFN-γ were associated with bone tumor severity that can provide insights into the possible role of this axis in promoting immune system escape, suppression, and tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Eghtedari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Vaezi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Safizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Babaheidarian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Abiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mahdinia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mokhles
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Pérez-Díaz MA, Martínez-Colin EJ, González-Torres M, Ortega-Sánchez C, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Delgado-Meza J, Machado-Bistraín F, Martínez-López V, Giraldo D, Márquez-Gutiérrez ÉA, Jiménez-Ávalos JA, García-Carvajal ZY, Melgarejo-Ramírez Y. Chondrogenic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Steam Sterilized Gelatin/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3938. [PMID: 37835986 PMCID: PMC10574893 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-linked polymer blends from natural compounds, namely gelatin (Gel), chitosan (CS), and synthetic poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), have received increasing scrutiny because of their versatility, biocompatibility, and ease of use for tissue engineering. Previously, Gel/CS/PVA [1:1:1] hydrogel produced via the freeze-drying process presented enhanced mechanical properties. This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility and chondrogenic potential of a steam-sterilized Gel/CS/PVA hydrogel using differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-hMSC) and cartilage marker expression. AD-hMSC displayed fibroblast-like morphology, 90% viability, and 69% proliferative potential. Mesenchymal profiles CD73 (98.3%), CD90 (98.6%), CD105 (97.0%), CD34 (1.11%), CD45 (0.27%), HLA-DR (0.24%); as well as multilineage potential, were confirmed. Chondrogenic differentiation of AD-hMSC in monolayer revealed the formation of cartilaginous nodules composed of glycosaminoglycans after 21 days. Compared to nonstimulated cells, hMSC-derived chondrocytes shifted the expression of CD49a from 2.82% to 40.6%, CD49e from 51.4% to 92.2%, CD54 from 9.66 to 37.2%, and CD151 from 45.1% to 75.8%. When cultured onto Gel/CS/PVA hydrogel during chondrogenic stimulation, AD-hMSC changed to polygonal morphology, and chondrogenic nodules increased by day 15, six days earlier than monolayer-differentiated cells. SEM analysis showed that hMSC-derived chondrocytes adhered to the surface with extended filopodia and abundant ECM formation. Chondrogenic nodules were positive for aggrecan and type II collagen, two of the most abundant components in cartilage. This study supports the biocompatibility of AD-hMSC onto steam-sterilized GE/CS/PVA hydrogels and its improved potential for chondrocyte differentiation. Hydrogel properties were not altered after steam sterilization, which is relevant for biosafety and biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (M.A.P.-D.); (M.G.-T.); (C.O.-S.); (J.D.-M.); (F.M.-B.)
| | - Erick Jesús Martínez-Colin
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Maykel González-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (M.A.P.-D.); (M.G.-T.); (C.O.-S.); (J.D.-M.); (F.M.-B.)
| | - Carmina Ortega-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (M.A.P.-D.); (M.G.-T.); (C.O.-S.); (J.D.-M.); (F.M.-B.)
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (R.S.-S.)
| | - Josselin Delgado-Meza
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (M.A.P.-D.); (M.G.-T.); (C.O.-S.); (J.D.-M.); (F.M.-B.)
| | - Fernando Machado-Bistraín
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (M.A.P.-D.); (M.G.-T.); (C.O.-S.); (J.D.-M.); (F.M.-B.)
| | - Valentín Martínez-López
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (R.S.-S.)
| | - David Giraldo
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Érik Agustín Márquez-Gutiérrez
- Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Armando Jiménez-Ávalos
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico;
| | - Zaira Yunuen García-Carvajal
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico;
| | - Yaaziel Melgarejo-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico; (M.A.P.-D.); (M.G.-T.); (C.O.-S.); (J.D.-M.); (F.M.-B.)
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Diaz-Perez JA, Kerr DA. Benign and low-grade superficial endothelial cell neoplasms in the molecular era. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023:S0740-2570(23)00041-2. [PMID: 37149395 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the skin and subcutis, and they encompass a heterogeneous group with diverse clinical, histological, and molecular features, as well as biological behavior. Over the past two decades, molecular studies have enabled the identification of pathogenic recurrent genetic alterations that can be used as additional data points to support the correct classification of these lesions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data related to superficially located benign and low-grade vascular neoplasms and to highlight recent molecular advances with the role of surrogate immunohistochemistry to target pathogenic proteins as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Diaz-Perez
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Taimur F, Akbar M, Manzoor A, Afghani T, Asif M. Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumours of infancy: first case surrounding the optic nerve. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 58:e90-e92. [PMID: 35940210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maheen Akbar
- Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Amna Manzoor
- Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Asif
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Wang A, Maloney E, Al-Dasuqi K, Irshaid L, Ahmed A, Haims A, Porrino J. Update of pediatric bone tumors-other mesenchymal tumors of bone, hematopoietic neoplasms of bone, and WHO classification of undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas of bone. Skeletal Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00256-023-04286-8. [PMID: 36656343 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous bone tumors in the pediatric population, with imaging playing an essential role in diagnosis and management. Our understanding of certain bone tumors has rapidly evolved over the past decade with advancements in next-generation genetic sequencing techniques. This increased level of understanding has altered the nomenclature, management approach, and prognosis of certain lesions. We provide a detailed update of bone tumors that occur in the pediatric population with emphasis on the recently released nomenclature provided in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours. We discuss other mesenchymal tumors of bone, hematopoietic neoplasms of bone, and WHO classification of undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas of bone. We have detailed osteogenic tumors and osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors, as well as notochordal tumors, chondrogenic tumors, and vascular tumors of the bone in separate manuscripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Wang
- Yale Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ezekiel Maloney
- Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Khalid Al-Dasuqi
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lina Irshaid
- Pathology Associates at Beverly Hospital, 85 Herrick Street, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Atif Ahmed
- Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Andrew Haims
- Yale Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jack Porrino
- Yale Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Berberine inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma through modulating MMP/NM-23 and MAPK/JNK signal pathways. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:729-744. [PMID: 36915782 PMCID: PMC10006790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of berberine (BBR) on the migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. METHODS Proliferation of MG-63 and U2OS cells was measured by the CCK-8 assay. Cells migration was examined by wound-healing assay. The invasion and metastasis of cells were evaluated by transwell invasion assay. Cells apoptosis was determined by the flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity in MG-63 and U2OS cells was measured, and Western blot was used to measure the levels of Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cells. In addition, the osteosarcoma graft tumor model of mice was established. The tumorigenesis of MG-63 cells in nude mice was compared among three groups. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to measure the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and NM-23 in tumor tissue. RESULTS It was showed that BBR inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 and U2OS cells in vitro in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Moreover, BBR reduced the cells migration and invasion, also down-regulated the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9. BBR also inhibited the cells apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulating the expression of Bax. In nude mice, BBR obviously inhibited the tumorigenesis of MG-63 cells. Compared with the negative group, BBR decreased the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increased the level of NM-23. The molecular mechanism was associated with activation of the MAPK/JNK signal transduction pathway. CONCLUSIONS BBR significantly regulates the biological behaviors of osteosarcoma cells and inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma. The molecular mechanism may be associated with the modulation of MMP/NM-23 and MAPK/JNK signals. BBR may be a potential drug for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Berney DM, Cree I, Rao V, Moch H, Srigley JR, Tsuzuki T, Amin MB, Comperat EM, Hartmann A, Menon S, Netto GJ, Rubin MA, Turajlic S, Raspollini MR, Tickoo SK. An introduction to the WHO 5th edition 2022 classification of testicular tumours. Histopathology 2022; 81:459-466. [PMID: 35502823 PMCID: PMC9544657 DOI: 10.1111/his.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 5th edition of the World Health Organisation Blue Book was published recently and includes a comprehensive update on testicular tumours. This builds upon the work of the 4th edition, retaining its structure and main nomenclature, including the use of the term 'germ cell neoplasia in situ' (GCNIS) for the pre-invasive lesion of most germ cell tumours and division from those not derived from GCNIS. While there have been important developments in understanding the molecular underpinnings of testicular cancer, this updated classification paradigm and approach remains rooted in morphology. Nomenclature changes include replacement of the term 'primitive neuroectodermal tumour' by 'embryonic neuroectodermal tumour' based on the non-specificity of the former term and to separate these tumours clearly from Ewing sarcoma. Seminoma is placed in a germinoma family of tumours emphasising relation to those tumours at other sites. Criteria for the diagnosis of 'teratoma with somatic transformation' have been modified to not include variable field size assessments. The word 'carcinoid' has been changed to 'neuroendocrine tumour', with most examples in the testis now classified as 'prepubertal type testicular neuroendocrine tumour'. For sex cord-stromal tumours, the use of mitotic counts per high-power field has been changed to per mm2 for malignancy assessments, and the new entities, 'signet ring stromal tumour' and 'myoid gonadal stromal tumour', are defined. Well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumour has now been defined as tumour type with a favourable prognosis. Sertoliform cystadenoma has been removed as an entity from testicular adnexal tumours and placed with Sertoli cell tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Berney
- Department of Molecular OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL and Barts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Ian Cree
- WHO Classification of Tumours GroupInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Vishal Rao
- Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research InstituteHyderabadIndia
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital Zurich and University ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Department of Surgical PathologyAichi Medical University, School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe University of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTNUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Southern California, Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Eva M Comperat
- Department of PathologyGeneral Hospital, Medical UniversityViennaAustria
- Department of Pathology Tenon HospitalSorbonne UniversityParisFrance
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander UniversityErlangenGermany
| | - Santosh Menon
- Tata Memorial CentreHomi Bhabha National InstituteMumbaiIndia
| | - George J Netto
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, PathologyBirminghamALUSA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- University of Bern, Director of the Department for BioMedical ResearchBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Maria R Raspollini
- Histopathology and Molecular DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, PathologyNew YorkNYUSA
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12
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Yuen LC, Baker ML, Sin JM, Linos K, Kerr DA. A Rare Case of Primary Epithelioid Hemangioma of Bone with WWTR1::FOSB Fusion: A Benign Lesion with the Potential to Mimic Malignancy. Int J Surg Pathol 2022:10668969221117438. [PMID: 35946109 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221117438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioma of bone is a rare benign, locally aggressive vascular tumor that can be particularly challenging to diagnose given its frequent multifocality, non-specific imaging findings, and wide range of morphologic appearances. Additionally, some epithelioid hemangiomas demonstrate atypical histologic features including increased cellularity, necrosis, and moderate cytologic atypia - characteristics that may raise concern for malignancy. Molecular studies can serve as a powerful, objective tool in the differential diagnosis of diagnostically challenging epithelioid vascular tumors. Importantly, FOS and FOSB gene rearrangements have been identified as the genetic hallmarks of osseous epithelioid hemangioma, present in greater than 70% of cases. FOSB-fusion-positive epithelioid hemangioma, in particular, may display atypical histologic features. While ZFP36 is the typical FOSB fusion partner in epithelioid hemangioma, we herein present a case of epithelioid hemangioma of bone with a rare WWTR1::FOSB fusion. This case demonstrates the diagnostic challenges associated with epithelioid hemangioma, especially in the setting of FOSB gene rearrangements, and the importance of genomic studies in the work up of these vascular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Yuen
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael L Baker
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jessica M Sin
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Radiology, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- 12285Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 22916Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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13
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Vazzano JL, Patton A, Tinoco G, Iwenofu OH. Primary Intranodal Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma with Molecular Confirmation. Int J Surg Pathol 2022; 30:557-563. [PMID: 35098778 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211070174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare low-grade malignant vascular tumor with indolent biology, characterized by reciprocal t(1;3)(p36.6;q25) with resultant WWTR1::CAMTA1 gene fusion in the vast majority of cases, regardless of anatomic location. Only a small subset, exhibiting well formed vasoformative features will contain YAP1::TFE3 gene fusion. Primary intranodal EHE is exquisitely rare. We report a case in a 54-year-old male with persistent left groin mass with discomfort for nine months. A CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed a minimally enlarged left inguinal lymph node measuring 2.8 cm with no other masses or lymphadenopathy. PET/CT and MRI imaging of the abdomen showed no evidence of disease elsewhere. Sections showed an epithelioid vasoformative neoplasm, centrally necrotic and involving a lymph node. The cells were arranged in anastomosing cords with intracytoplasmic lumens, resembling "signet ring cells". By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD31, CD34, ERG and CAMTA1; and negative for AE1/3, CAM 5.2, KRT7, KRT20, desmin, actin, HMB-45 and S-100. Ki-67 proliferation index was estimated at <1%. Molecular studies including next generation sequencing (NGS) revealed the presence of WWTR1::CAMTA1 gene fusion, and fluorescence in situ hybridization for CAMTA1 (1p36.23) and WWTR1 (3p25.1) showed fusion signals, diagnostic of EHE. We highlight a rare occurrence of EHE in a lymph node exhibiting morphologic mimicry with metastatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Vazzano
- 12306The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Richard Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Ashley Patton
- 12306The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Richard Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Gabriel Tinoco
- The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - O Hans Iwenofu
- 12306The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Richard Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
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14
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Wang XQ, Goytain A, Dickson BC, Nielsen TO. Advances in Sarcoma Molecular Diagnostics. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:332-345. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qi Wang
- Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Angela Goytain
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Brendan C. Dickson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Torsten Owen Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
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15
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Turri-Zanoni M, Gravante G, Castelnuovo P. Molecular Biomarkers in Sinonasal Cancers: New Frontiers in Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:55-67. [PMID: 35059992 PMCID: PMC8831338 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Sinonasal tumors are rare and heterogeneous diseases which pose challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Despite significant progress made in surgical, oncological, and radiotherapy fields, their prognosis still remains poor. Therefore, alternative strategies should be studied in order to refine diagnosis and improve patient care. Recent Findings In recent years, in-depth molecular studies have identified new biological markers, such as genetic abnormalities and epigenetic variations, which have allowed to refine diagnosis and predict prognosis. As a consequence, new histological entities have been described and specific subgroup stratifications within the well-known histotypes have been made possible. These discoveries have expanded indications for immunotherapy and targeted therapies in order to reduce tumor spread, thus representing a valuable implementation of standard treatments. Summary Recent findings in molecular biology have paved the way for better understanding and managing such rare and aggressive tumors. Although further efforts need to be made in this direction, expectations are promising.
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16
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Jager L, Johnson DN, Sukhanova M, Streich L, Chapa AR, Alexiev BA. Diagnosis of giant cell-rich bone tumors on core needle biopsy: a practical approach. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 231:153777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Donigian S, Whiteway SL, Hipp SJ, Lybeck D, Clark RO. Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone With a KRAS G12V Mutation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:e268-e271. [PMID: 33633024 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Malignant giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare, aggressive, sarcoma occurring in adolescent and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells and an aggressive clinical course. Because of the rarity of this tumor, no standard therapies have been identified. Current treatment regimens often include osteosarcoma chemotherapy protocols. We present a case of a malignant GCTB with a KRAS G12V mutation. This mutation is a known oncogenic driver that has not previously been reported on patients with malignant GCTB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dustin Lybeck
- Orthopedics, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX
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18
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Tseng CH, Wang WC, Chen CY, Hsu HJ, Chen YK. Retrospective analysis of primary intraosseous malignancies in mandible and maxilla in a population of Taiwanese patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:787-795. [PMID: 34531103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Due to the rarity and diversity of primary intraosseous malignancies in jawbones, we aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features and discuss the findings of our collected cases with the literatures. METHODS Twenty-nine patients (2000-2020) diagnosed with primary central malignancies of jawbones were selected from the database of Oral Pathology Department in our institution. Clinical features, radiographic appearance, and histopathological diagnosis of the 29 cases were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients aged between 19 and 84 years (average, 57.4 years) with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1 were included. The most frequent site was the mandibular body and ramus, followed by the posterior maxilla and mandibular symphysis. The most common diagnosis was osteogenic sarcoma (n = 13), followed by odontogenic carcinoma (n = 7), hematologic malignancies (n = 5), salivary gland malignancies (n = 2), and neurogenic sarcomas (n = 2). The most frequent symptoms were swelling, pain, paresthesia of lower lip, and mobile tooth. Radiographically, they usually presented as ill-defined osteolytic to osteoblastic lesions depending on the amount of ossification. Wide excision comprising partial maxillectomy and segmental mandibulectomy were the most common therapeutic methods. CONCLUSION Despite the rarity of primary central malignancies in jawbones, the clinical features may mimic infectious process or benign lesions. Detailed history-taking, clinical and imaging examination and awareness of the patient's signs and symptoms combining with the histopathological inspection are important for early diagnosis and improved prognosis. The current data contributes a useful basis for clinical investigation regarding intraosseous malignancies occurring in the jawbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Huang Tseng
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Wang
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jen Hsu
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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19
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Park K, Kim H, Koh KN, Im HJ, Cho YU, Jang S, Seo EJ, Park CJ. Bone Marrow Findings in Patients With Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor. Ann Lab Med 2021; 41:499-501. [PMID: 33824240 PMCID: PMC8041597 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2021.41.5.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuenyoul Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeri Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Nam Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joon Im
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Uk Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongsoo Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eul-Ju Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Jeoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Soft-Tissue Sarcoma as a Potential Differential Diagnosis of an Exophytic Soft-Tissue Mass: A Case Report. Plast Surg Nurs 2021; 41:51-53. [PMID: 33626565 DOI: 10.1097/psn.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The detection of a soft-tissue mass requires a detailed and conscientious examination to make a definitive diagnosis and propose appropriate treatment strategies. Benign mesenchymal tumors occur more frequently than malignant tumors. However, because of their aggressive growth and poor prognosis, sarcomas must always be considered as a potential differential diagnosis. To make a formal diagnosis and plan appropriate surgical treatment, the surgeon should obtain cross-sectional imaging studies and biopsies.
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21
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Quiroz-Acosta T, Flores-Martinez YM, Becerra-Martínez E, Pérez-Hernández E, Pérez-Hernández N, Bañuelos-Hernández AE. Aberrant sphingomyelin 31P-NMR signatures in giant cell tumour of bone. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:717-724. [PMID: 34096319 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the biochemistry of the giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) provides an opportunity for the development of prognostic markers and identification of therapeutic targets. Based on metabolomic analysis, we proposed glycerophospholipid metabolism as the altered pathway in GCTB and the objective of this study was to identify these altered metabolites. Using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR), sphingomyelin was determined as the most dysregulated phospholipid in tissue samples from six patients with GCTB; subsequently, enzymes related to its biosynthesis and hydrolysis were examined using immunodetection techniques. High expression of sphingomyelin synthases 1 and 2, but low expression of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), was found in GCTB tissues compared to non-neoplastic bone tissues. Sphingomyelin/ ceramide biosynthesis is dysregulated in GCTB due to alterations in the expression of SMS1, SMS2, and nSMase2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayde Quiroz-Acosta
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Yazmin Montserrat Flores-Martinez
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Elvia Becerra-Martínez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Pérez-Hernández
- UMAE de Traumatología, Ortopedia y Rehabilitación "Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez", Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Nury Pérez-Hernández
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Angel Ernesto Bañuelos-Hernández
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 42576, Departamento de Farmacologia, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico;
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22
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"Embryonic-type Neuroectodermal Tumor" Should Replace "Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor" of the Testis and Gynecologic Tract: A Rationale for New Nomenclature. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1299-1302. [PMID: 34232605 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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[Joint tumors: rare but important differential diagnoses of malignant and benign tumors as well as pseudotumors in rheumatology]. Z Rheumatol 2020; 80:165-175. [PMID: 33289861 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review article elucidates the differential diagnostics of malignant and benign joint tumors, pseudotumors of the joints and the peri-implant tissue, which are rare but important entities in rheumatology and orthopedic rheumatology. The tissue of origin includes the synovium, peri-implant tissue, peri-articular fibrous tissue and peri-articular osseous tissue. Pseudotumors can be viewed as independent but heterogeneous entities. These are essentially manifested as tumor-like depositions of crystals, calcareous deposits, vascular malformations, ectasia of the synovia and joint capsule tissue and pseudocysts. Other causes for pseudotumors are focal destructive inflammation (e.g. induced by foreign bodies), high grade synovitis and focal fibrinoid necrosis (i.e. rheumatoid nodules). Methodologically, these diagnostics are based on conventional standard staining methods, immunohistochemical analyses of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded materials and on molecular diagnostic procedures. The latter are of great importance in cases of benign and malignant joint tumors. The most important immunohistochemical markers with respect to joint tumors are S100, SM-actin, CD68, CD34, STAT6, clusterin, Muc‑4, beta-catenin and MDM2-FISH. The following markers are recommended for the differential diagnostics and typing of periarticular tumor metastases in the pathology of rheumatic diseases: AE1/AE3, CK8, p63, TTF‑1, TGB, PSA, androgen receptor, GATA, CD56, chromogranin, CDX‑2, SAT-B2, SALL4, estrogen and progesterone receptors, CD45LCA, CD30, CD79a and S100. Necrosis, inflammatory infiltrations and reparative inflammatory changes may complicate the histopathological classification. Therefore, a correlation with clinical, microbiological and radiological data in the sense of interdisciplinary synergistic diagnostics may be required.
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24
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Kang J, Park JW, Won JK, Bae JM, Koh J, Yim J, Yun H, Kim SK, Choi JY, Kang HJ, Kim WS, Shin JH, Park SH. Clinicopathological findings of pediatric NTRK fusion mesenchymal tumors. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:114. [PMID: 32957984 PMCID: PMC7507612 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While ETV6- NTRK3 fusion is common in infantile fibrosarcoma, NTRK1/3 fusion in pediatric tumors is scarce and, consequently, not well known. Herein, we evaluated for the presence of NTRK1/3 fusion in pediatric mesenchymal tumors, clinicopathologically and immunophenotypically. Methods We reviewed nine NTRK fusion-positive pediatric sarcomas confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or next-generation sequencing from Seoul National University Hospital between 2002 and 2020. Results One case of TPR-NTRK1 fusion-positive intracranial, extra-axial, high-grade undifferentiated sarcoma (12-year-old boy), one case of LMNA-NTRK1 fusion-positive low-grade infantile fibrosarcoma of the forehead (3-year-old boy), one case of ETV6-NTRK3 fusion-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) (3-months-old girl), and six cases of ETV6-NTRK3 fusion-positive infantile fibrosarcoma (median age: 2.6 months, range: 1.6–5.6 months, M: F = 5:1) were reviewed. The Trk immunopositivity patterns were distinct, depending on what fusion genes were present. We observed nuclear positivity in TPR-NTRK1 fusion-positive sarcoma, nuclear membrane positivity in LMNA-NTRK1 fusion-positive sarcoma, and both cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity in ETV6-NTRK3 fusion-positive IMT and infantile fibrosarcomas. Also, the TPR-NTRK1 fusion-positive sarcoma showed robust positivity for CD34/nestin, and also showed high mitotic rate. The LMNA-NTRK1 fusion-positive sarcoma revealed CD34/S100 protein/nestin/CD10 coexpression, and a low mitotic rate. The IMT with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion expressed SMA. Six infantile fibrosarcomas with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion showed variable coexpression of nestin (6/6)/CD10 (4/5)/ S100 protein (3/6). Conclusions All cases of NTRK1 and NTRK3 fusion-positive pediatric tumors robustly expressed the Trk protein. A Trk immunopositive pattern and CD34/S100/nestin/CD10/SMA immunohistochemical expression may suggest the presence of NTRK fusion partner genes. LMNA-NTRK1 fusion sarcoma might be a low-grade subtype of infantile fibrosarcoma. Interestingly, more than half of the infantile fibrosarcoma cases were positive for S100 protein and CD10. The follow-up period of TPR-NTRK1 and LMNA-NTRK1 fusion-positive tumors are not enough to predict prognosis. However, ETV6-NTRK3 fusion-positive infantile fibrosarcomas showed an excellent prognosis with no evidence of disease for an average of 11.7 years, after gross total resection of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwan Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mo Bae
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeemin Yim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Precision Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Choi
- Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Sun Kim
- Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea. .,Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092609. [PMID: 32932727 PMCID: PMC7564470 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gallo D, Rosetti S, Marcon I, Armiraglio E, Parafioriti A, Pinotti G, Perrucchini G, Patera B, Gentile L, Tanda ML, Bartalena L, Piantanida E. When primary hyperparathyroidism comes as good news. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020; 2020:EDM200046. [PMID: 32554826 PMCID: PMC7354736 DOI: 10.1530/edm-20-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Brown tumors are osteoclastic, benign lesions characterized by fibrotic stroma, intense vascularization and multinucleated giant cells. They are the terminal expression of the bone remodelling process occurring in advanced hyperparathyroidism. Nowadays, due to earlier diagnosis, primary hyperparathyroidism keeps few of the classical manifestations and brown tumors are definitely unexpected. Thus, it may happen that they are misdiagnosed as primary or metastatic bone cancer. Besides bone imaging, endocrine evaluation including measurement of serum parathyroid hormone and calcium (Ca) levels supports the pathologist to address the diagnosis. Herein, a case of multiple large brown tumors misdiagnosed as a non-treatable osteosarcoma is described, with special regards to diagnostic work-up. After selective parathyroidectomy, treatment with denosumab was initiated and a regular follow-up was established. The central role of multidisciplinary approach involving pathologist, endocrinologist and oncologist in the diagnostic and therapeutic work-up is reported. In our opinion, the discussion of this case would be functional especially for clinicians and pathologists not used to the differential diagnosis in uncommon bone disorders. LEARNING POINTS Brown tumors develop during the remodelling process of bone in advanced and long-lasting primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Although rare, they should be considered during the challenging diagnostic work-up of giant cell lesions. Coexistence of high parathyroid hormone levels and hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism is crucial for the diagnosis. A detailed imaging study includes bone X-ray, bone scintiscan and total body CT; to rule out bone malignancy, evaluation of bone lesion biopsy should include immunostaining for neoplastic markers as H3G34W and Ki67 index. If primary hyperparathyroidism is confirmed, selective parathyroidectomy is the first-line treatment. In advanced bone disease, treatment with denosumab should be considered, ensuring a strict control of Ca levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine Unit, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Sara Rosetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine Unit, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marcon
- Department of Oncology, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Armiraglio
- Pathology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini, Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonina Parafioriti
- Pathology Unit, ASST Gaetano Pini, Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Bohdan Patera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine Unit, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Linda Gentile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine Unit, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine Unit, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi Bartalena
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine Unit, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Endocrine Unit, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Akinyamoju AO, Adeyemi BF, Kolude B. Classification and Clinicopathologic Study of Orofacial Mesenchymal Tumors: A Retrospective Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820925629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To determine the prevalence of orofacial mesenchymal neoplasms and classify them using the WHO criteria while appraising its applicability. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving a total sample of 192 entries diagnosed as mesenchymal tumors for the period 1990-2018 at the Oral Pathology Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan. The histopathology records were examined and clinicopathological data were obtained. Hematoxylin and Eosin slides of the cases were assessed to confirm the diagnosis. Tumors were classified using the WHO 2013 classification. Data were analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics. Results: Orofacial mesenchymal tumors constituted 7.9% of 2402 biopsies. There were 26 diagnoses in 161 tumors of the WHO classification. Male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1. Peak age group was in the third decade. Soft tissue tumors were 61.5%, while bone tumors were 38.5%. Benign tumors constituted 49.5%, while sarcomas and intermediate tumors were 45.8% and 4.7%, respectively. The mandibular region (29.7%) was the most commonly affected site. Adipocytic and osteogenic tumors were the most prevalent tumors in the soft tissue and osteoarticular series, respectively, representing 19.8% and 32.3% of all cases, while orofacial sarcomas constituted 3.6% of all lesions seen. Conclusion: The findings in this study are in line with those of previous studies. However, the WHO classification may not be suited for the orofacial region. Crafting of a classification system for mesenchymal tumors of the orofacial region would thus be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bukola Folasade Adeyemi
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Kolude
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Epithelioid Cutaneous Mesenchymal Neoplasms: A Practical Diagnostic Approach. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040233. [PMID: 32316685 PMCID: PMC7236000 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid cells are rounded or polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and ovoid to round nuclei, superficially resembling epithelial cells. Cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasms composed predominantly or exclusively of epithelioid cells are relatively uncommon and can cause considerable diagnostic difficulties due to overlapping histologic features among heterogeneous groups of tumors. Familiarity with practical diagnostic approaches and recognition of key histopathologic features are important for correct diagnosis and management. This review summarizes the histologic features of epithelioid cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasms and discusses their differential diagnoses from malignant melanomas and carcinomas.
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Agaimy A. What is new in epithelioid soft tissue tumors? Virchows Arch 2019; 476:81-96. [PMID: 31686193 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelioid cell features mimicking carcinomas characterize a variety of histogenetically, phenotypically, and molecularly distinct subsets of mesenchymal neoplasms. In a pathogenetic sense, epithelioid soft tissue tumors basically fall into three main genetic categories: (1) switch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex-deficient tumors (with epithelioid sarcoma as their prototype); (2) epithelioid neoplasms driven by specific rare gene fusions (such as sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma with EWSR1 fusions and GLI1-related malignant epithelioid soft tissue neoplasms); and (3) a heterogeneous group encompassing epithelioid variants of diverse other entities. Notably, lesions in the first and third groups may display variable, occasionally prominent, rhabdoid cell morphology, thus further complicating their differential diagnosis. This review summarizes the main clinicopathological, phenotypic, and genotypic features of these diseases and discusses their pertinent differential diagnostic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Krankenhausstrasse 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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30
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Creytens D. What's new in adipocytic neoplasia? Virchows Arch 2019; 476:29-39. [PMID: 31501988 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytic tumors are frequently encountered in routine practice, and while the vast majority represent commonly encountered tumor types (e.g., benign lipoma), the heterogeneity and rarity of other adipocytic neoplasms can pose diagnostic challenges. Atypical and malignant adipocytic tumors account for approximately 20% of all sarcomas. The 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of soft tissue and bone tumors recognizes four major liposarcoma subtypes, characterized by distinct clinical behavior, distinctive morphologies, as well as unique genetic findings: atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, and pleomorphic liposarcoma. Since the publication of the 2013 WHO classification of soft tissue and bone tumors, the most notable change in the category of adipocytic tumors has been made in the clinicopathologic and molecular characterization of the heterogeneous but distinct group of "atypical low-grade adipocytic neoplasms with spindle cell features," for which the term atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumor has been proposed. Another substantive change in the group of adipocytic tumors is the introduction of pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma (myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma) as an apparently novel subtype of aggressive liposarcoma, especially occurring in children and young adults with a predilection for the mediastinum. This review will further focus upon the diagnostic criteria of these novel emerging entities in the group of adipocytic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Creytens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10,, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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A rare case of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PHE)/epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma (ES-H) of the breast first misdiagnosed as metaplastic carcinoma by FNAB and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:79. [PMID: 31311568 PMCID: PMC6635997 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PHE)/epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma (ES-H) is a rare vascular tumor of intermediate malignancy that commonly occurs in soft tissue of distal extremities of young adults. PHE typically has a multifocal presentation and can involve several tissue planes, including the dermis, subcutis, muscle and bone. METHODS AND RESULTS We present here a unique case of PHE/ESH that arose in the breast as well as a review of the published literature. The initial biopsy was interpreted as a metaplastic carcinoma. However, complete resection largely revealed plump epithelioid cells, and a more spindled cell component was also noted. The cells displayed abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and central vesicular nuclei arranged in loose fascicles, with a mild, mixed acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Overall, linear membranous staining of CD31 and lack of CD34 expression were highly suggestive of PHE. At the same time, FOSB immunoreactivity was observed, which supported PHE/ESH instead of metaplastic carcinoma. The patient has not shown recurrence in the half year follow up after total mastectomy. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report of breast involvement in this neoplasm. Recognition of its histopathological features and immunohistochemical reactivity will prevent misdiagnosis of breast lesions.
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Brooks PJ, Glogauer M, McCulloch CA. An Overview of the Derivation and Function of Multinucleated Giant Cells and Their Role in Pathologic Processes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1145-1158. [PMID: 30926333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte lineage cells play important roles in health and disease. Their differentiation into macrophages is crucial for a broad array of immunologic processes that regulate inflammation, neoplasia, and infection. In certain pathologic conditions, such as foreign body reactions and peripheral inflammatory lesions, monocytes fuse to form large, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). Currently, our knowledge of the fusion mechanisms of monocytes and the regulation of MGC formation and function in discrete pathologies is limited. Herein, we consider the types and function of MGCs in disease and assess the mechanisms by which monocyte fusion contributes to the formation of MGCs. An improved understanding of the cellular origins and metabolic functions of MGCs will facilitate their identification and ultimately the treatment of diseases and disorders that involve MGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Brooks
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Allon I, Vered M, Kaplan I. Tongue Lumps and Bumps: Histopathological Dilemmas and Clues for Diagnosis. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 13:114-124. [PMID: 30693454 PMCID: PMC6405789 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exophytic lesions of the tongue encompass a diverse spectrum of entities. These are most commonly reactive, arising in response to local trauma but can also be neoplastic of epithelial, mesenchymal or miscellaneous origin. In most cases, the microscopic examination is likely to provide a straightforward diagnosis. However, some cases can still raise microscopic diagnostic dilemmas, such as conditions that mimic malignancies, benign tumors with overlapping features and anecdotal lesions. A series of "lumps and bumps" of the tongue are presented together with suggested clues that can assist in reaching a correct diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of the clinico-pathological correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Allon
- Institute of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, 2 Hahistadrut St, Ashkelon, Israel.
- School of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel.
| | - Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Kaplan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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34
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Díaz-Martín J, Biscuola M, Benoit J, Marcilla D, Civantos G, de Álava E. What's in a name? Molecular subclassification of sarcomas creates fresh challenges. J Pathol 2019; 247:409-412. [PMID: 30474142 DOI: 10.1002/path.5206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This commentary addresses the issue of the classification of sarcomas in the article written by Watson and colleagues published recently in this journal. The article delves into the molecular characterization and distinct phenotypes of some recently described entities (e.g. BCOR-rearranged sarcomas, CIC-fused sarcomas) and describes new groups with common characteristics. This commentary focuses on several questions raised in the article, such as what makes a group of sarcomas become a clinical entity, which should be the main driver of sarcoma classification, how the classification of small round cell sarcomas is expected to evolve and how high-throughput techniques could be applied to sarcoma diagnosis in the short term. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonatan Benoit
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - David Marcilla
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Gema Civantos
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
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Fernandez-Flores A, Saeb-Lima M, Cassarino DS. Intramural schwannoma involving a vein. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 46:211-215. [PMID: 30421509 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Schwannoma involving the blood vessels is a rare phenomenon. So far, only three cases of intravascular schwannoma have been described (all of which were intraluminal), and the origin of the schwannoma in such cases is not yet completely understood. Here, we describe a very rare intramural venous schwannoma in the subcutaneous right prepatellar area of a 31-year-old man. The schwannoma grew by enlarging and thickening the blood vessel wall, between two preserved layers of the vein. In some areas, there was erosion of the luminal layer, with fibrin apposed to the tumor. The tumor expressed S100 and was negative for CD31, CD34, desmin, and smooth muscle actin. The expression of p16 was preserved. Endothelial markers such as CD31 and Factor VIII showed the endothelial lining (which was D2-40-negative) above the tumor. Although degenerative atypia was present, there were no mitotic figures or necrosis identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Fernandez-Flores
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain.,Department of the CellCOM-SB Research Group, Biomedical Investigation Institute of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.,Department of Cellular Pathology, Hospital de la Reina, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Marcela Saeb-Lima
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Dermatopathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David S Cassarino
- Department of Dermatology, Los Angeles Medical Center (LAMC), Southern California Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California
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