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Sobral DV, Salgado MRT, Martins MR, Vasconcelos CDS, Anunciação CEC, de Andrade VP, Torres LC. Prognostic role of SOX2 and STAT3 expression on circulating T lymphocytes and CD44+/CD24 neg cells in the locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38825982 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is associated with a continuous increase in incidence, with high mortality rates in several countries. CD44, STAT3, and SOX2 are related to regulating of somatic cell division, tumorigenesis, and metastasis in BC. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Hospital de Cancer de Pernambuco (HCP) between 2017 and 2018. Fifty-one women with locally advanced (LA) and 14 with metastatic BC were included in the study. RESULTS High CD44+/CD24neg and CD44+/CD24neg/SOX2+ levels in Luminal B (LB), HER2+, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with controls (p < 0.05). Low CD44+/CD24negSTAT3+ levels in LB, HER2+, and TNBC compared with controls (p < 0.05). High T lymphocytes, and low STAT3 + T, and SOX2 + T levels in BC patients (p < 0.05). High SOX2 + T levels in patients with axillary lymph node-negative (N0) compared with the axillary lymph node-positives (N1 and N2 groups; p < 0.05). High SOX2 + T levels in N1 compared to N2 (p < 0.05). High T lymphocytes and low SOX2 + T levels in the LA tumor compared to metastatic disease (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.02, respectively). High CD44 + /CD24negSTAT3+, and T lymphocyte levels in TNBC patients with LA tumor compared to metastatic (p < 0.05). Low STAT3 + T levels in TBNC patients with LA tumor compared to metastatic (p = 0.0266). CONCLUSION SOX2 and STAT3 expression on circulating T lymphocytes and CD44 + /CD24neg cells in peripheral blood have prognostic roles in breast cancer. SOX2 and STAT3 expression are potential predictive biomarkers of disease progression in breast cancer regardless of tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise V Sobral
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer, CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R T Salgado
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer, CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario R Martins
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer, CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina de S Vasconcelos
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Anunciação
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer, CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leuridan C Torres
- Translational Research Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, Brazil
- Sociedade Pernambucana de Combate ao Cancer, Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco (HCP), Recife, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zinman PS, Welsh A, Omondi RO, Khan S, Prince S, Nordlander E, Smith GS. Aminoquinoline-based Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes: Insights into their antiproliferative activity and mechanisms of action. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116094. [PMID: 38219660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to develop new potent anticancer agents, two Schiff base rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes, containing the ubiquitous aminoquinoline scaffold, were synthesized. Both aminoquinoline ligands and Re(I) complexes showed adequate stability over a 48-h incubation period. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of the precursor ligands and rhenium(I) complexes were evaluated against the hormone-dependent MCF-7 and hormone-independent triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Inclusion of the [Re(CO)3Cl]+ entity significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of the aminoquinoline Schiff base ligands against the tested cancer cell lines. Remarkably, the incorporation of the Schiff-base iminoquinolyl entity notably enhanced the cytotoxic activity of the Re(I) complexes, in comparison with the iminopyridyl entity. Notably, the quinolyl-substituted complex showed up to three-fold higher activity than cisplatin against breast cancer cell lines, underpinning the significance of the quinoline pharmacophore in rational drug design. In addition, the most active Re(I) complex showed better selectivity towards the breast cancer cells over non-tumorigenic FG-0 cells. Western blotting revealed that the complexes increased levels of γH2AX, a key DNA damage response protein. Moreover, apoptosis was confirmed in both cell lines due to the detection of cleaved PARP. The complexes show favourable binding affinities towards both calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the order of their interactions align with their cytotoxic effects. The in silico molecular simulations of the complexes were also performed with CT-DNA and BSA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige S Zinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Athi Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Reinner O Omondi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Science, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Science, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Ebbe Nordlander
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gregory S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
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3
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Bokil AA, Le Boulvais Børkja M, Wolowczyk C, Lamsal A, Prestvik WS, Nonstad U, Pettersen K, Andersen SB, Bofin AM, Bjørkøy G, Hak S, Giambelluca MS. Discovery of a new marker to identify myeloid cells associated with metastatic breast tumours. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:279. [PMID: 37980483 PMCID: PMC10656772 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid cells play an essential role in cancer metastasis. The phenotypic diversity of these cells during cancer development has attracted great interest; however, their functional heterogeneity and plasticity have limited their role as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. METHODS To identify markers associated with myeloid cells in metastatic tumours, we compared transcriptomic data from immune cells sorted from metastatic and non-metastatic mammary tumours grown in BALB/cJ mice. To assess the translational relevance of our in vivo findings, we assessed human breast cancer biopsies and evaluated the association between arginase 1 protein expression in breast cancer tissues with tumour characteristics and patient outcomes. RESULTS Among the differentially expressed genes, arginase 1 (ARG1) showed a unique expression pattern in tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells that correlated with the metastatic capacity of the tumour. Even though ARG1-positive cells were found almost exclusively inside the metastatic tumour, ARG1 protein was also present in the plasma. In human breast cancer biopsies, the presence of ARG1-positive cells was strongly correlated with high-grade proliferating tumours, poor prognosis, and low survival. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the potential use of ARG1-positive myeloid cells as an independent prognostic marker to evaluate the risk of metastasis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansooya A Bokil
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mathieu Le Boulvais Børkja
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Wolowczyk
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Apsana Lamsal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wenche S Prestvik
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unni Nonstad
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Pettersen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sonja B Andersen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna M Bofin
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sjoerd Hak
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miriam S Giambelluca
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Carvalho FM. Triple-negative breast cancer: from none to multiple therapeutic targets in two decades. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1244781. [PMID: 38023167 PMCID: PMC10666917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1244781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are more likely to occur in younger patients and have a poor prognosis. They are highly heterogeneous tumors consisting of different molecular subtypes. The only common characteristic among them is the absence of targets for endocrine therapy and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) blockade. In the past two decades, there has been an increased understanding of these tumors from a molecular perspective, leading to their stratification according to new therapeutic strategies. TNBC has ushered breast carcinomas into the era of immunotherapy. The higher frequency of germline BRCA mutations in these tumors enables targeting this repair defect by drugs like PARP inhibitors, resulting in synthetic lethality in neoplastic cells. Additionally, we have the identification of new molecules to which this generation of smart drugs, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), are directed. In this review, we will discuss the trajectory of this knowledge in a systematic manner, presenting the molecular bases, therapeutic possibilities, and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Marino Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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5
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Xu C, Xie Y, Xie P, Li J, Tong Z, Yang Y. ZDHHC9: a promising therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer through immune modulation and immune checkpoint blockade resistance. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:191. [PMID: 37875591 PMCID: PMC10597932 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets based on the expression profiles of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TNBC. METHODS The Limma package was used to identify DEGs in TCGA and GEO datasets. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and western blotting were used to determine the expression of ZDHHC9 in TNBC tissues. Flow cytometry assay and tissue immunofluorescence analysis were used to detect infiltration of multiple immune cells in tumor tissue at different levels of ZDHHC9 expression. RESULTS ZDHHC9 was identified as a key factor associated with resistance to ICB therapy through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Subsequently, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and western blotting verified that ZDHHC9 expression was elevated in TNBC cancer tissues and that elevated expression of ZDHHC9 was associated with the poor survival of patients with TNBC. Analysis of data from several public datasets revealed that patients with high ZDHHC9 expression had an increased proportion of Ki-67 + breast cancer cells and tended to be basal-like breast cancer. In addition, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that high expression of ZDHHC9 significantly predicted the efficacy and responsiveness of immunotherapy in TNBC. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ZDHHC9 is a valuable marker for guiding the classification, diagnosis and prognosis of TNBC and developing specific targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, North Huanhu West Road, Tianjin, 300060, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yongjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, North Huanhu West Road, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, North Huanhu West Road, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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6
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Liu L, Lewis N, Sun W, Whiting J, Hoover S, Costa RLB. Retrospective Study of Treatment Patterns and Natural History of Patients with T1a/b N0 Triple-Negative Breast Cancers: A Single-Institution Experience. Oncology 2023; 101:765-772. [PMID: 37527637 DOI: 10.1159/000533149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T1a/b, node-negative (node-), triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are underrepresented in randomized drug-approving clinical trials. Given their low incidence, the clinicopathological features, natural history, and treatment patterns of these tumors remain insufficiently understood. METHODS We conducted a single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients with T1a/b, N0, M0 TNBCs. Deidentified patient- and tumor-related data were collected and summarized. Kruskal-Wallis, χ2, or Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate associations of interest. Kaplan-Meier methods, log-rank tests, and Cox's proportional hazards models were applied for survival analyses. RESULTS Of 108 cases of node- TNBCs measuring ≤2 cm, 34 node- T1a/b tumors were included in our analysis. All cases had an intermediate to high histological grade, and most had a Ki-67 score of ≥20%. All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, and many underwent mastectomy (47%). Docetaxel combined with cyclophosphamide was the most common adjuvant chemotherapy regimen (75%). We did not observe significant associations between improved outcomes and treatment with anthracycline-containing regimens. Among patients with node- pT1a/b tumors, the estimated 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant RFS rates were both 96.3% (95% CI: 76.5-99.5), and the overall survival rate was estimated to be 100% (95% CI: 100-100). There were no cases of local recurrences observed. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, all patients with T1a/b node- TNBCs were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and had favorable outcomes even when treated with anthracycline-sparing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langfeier Liu
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas Lewis
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Weihong Sun
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Junmin Whiting
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Susan Hoover
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ricardo L B Costa
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Yi YW. Therapeutic Implications of the Drug Resistance Conferred by Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043704. [PMID: 36835116 PMCID: PMC9960576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drug resistance is a significant impediment in current cancer treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cancer cells were recently acknowledged as a critical mechanism of drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. EVs are enveloped vesicles comprising a lipid bilayer that transfers various cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, from an originating cell to a recipient cell. Investigating the mechanisms whereby EVs confer drug resistance is still in the early stages. In this review, I analyze the roles of EVs derived from triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC-EVs) in anticancer drug resistance and discuss strategies to overcome TNBC-EV-mediated drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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8
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Yi YW, You KS, Han S, Ha IJ, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Inhibition of IκB Kinase Is a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Circumvent Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5215. [PMID: 36358633 PMCID: PMC9654813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains as an intractable malignancy with limited therapeutic targets. High expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with a poor prognosis of TNBC; however, EGFR targeting has failed with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Here, we performed a combinatorial screening of fifty-five protein kinase inhibitors with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 and identified the IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor IKK16 as a sensitizer of gefitinib. Cell viability and clonogenic survival assays were performed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of the gefitinib and IKK16 (Gefitinib + IKK16) combination in TNBC cell lines. Western blot analyses were also performed to reveal the potential mode of action of this combination. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was performed in Gefitinib+IKK16-treated cells. The Gefitinib+IKK16 treatment synergistically reduced cell viability and colony formation of TNBC cell lines such as HS578T, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. This combination downregulated p-STAT3, p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-GSK3β, and p-RPS6. In addition, p-NF-κB and the total NF-κB were also regulated by this combination. Furthermore, NGS analysis revealed that NF-κB/RELA targets including CCL2, CXCL8, EDN1, IL-1β, IL-6, and SERPINE1 were further reduced and several potential tumor suppressors, such as FABP3, FADS2, FDFT1, SEMA6A, and PCK2, were synergistically induced by the Gefitinib-+IKK16 treatment. Taken together, we identified the IKK/NF-κB pathway as a potential target in combination of EGFR inhibition for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Sanghee Han
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
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9
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You KS, Yi YW, Cho J, Park JS, Seong YS. Potentiating Therapeutic Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:589. [PMID: 34207383 PMCID: PMC8233743 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subset of breast cancer with aggressive characteristics and few therapeutic options. The lack of an appropriate therapeutic target is a challenging issue in treating TNBC. Although a high level expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with a poor prognosis among patients with TNBC, targeted anti-EGFR therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy for TNBC treatment in both clinical and preclinical settings. However, with the advantage of a number of clinically approved EGFR inhibitors (EGFRis), combination strategies have been explored as a promising approach to overcome the intrinsic resistance of TNBC to EGFRis. In this review, we analyzed the literature on the combination of EGFRis with other molecularly targeted therapeutics or conventional chemotherapeutics to understand the current knowledge and to provide potential therapeutic options for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 3116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 3116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
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10
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Govoni VM, Da Silva TC, Guerra JM, Pereira IVA, Queiroga FL, Cogliati B. Genetic variants of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in cats with mammary gland carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:404-408. [PMID: 33576549 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammary tumours are the first and third most incident neoplasm in women and cats, respectively. Approximately 85% of feline mammary gland tumours are malignant and aggressive, especially the triple-negative and HER-2+ molecular subtypes. Triple-negative basal-like feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) are considered suitable models due to the clinical and morphological similarities with human basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In women, TNBC has a poor prognosis and is often associated with mutations in the tumour suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. In light of this, the aim of the present investigation was to screen somatic and germline variants of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in nine female cats bearing FMCs. Matched whole blood and FMC samples were obtained for genetic analysis. Additional tumour samples were obtained for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Genomic DNA was isolated and 27 exonic regions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were amplified and screened by next-generation sequencing. A somatic variant with high functional impact was found in exon 11 of BRCA2 at a frequency of 4.34% in one FMC-bearing cat. Four germline variants with moderate impact were detected in three of the nine FMC-bearing cats and were restricted to exon 9 of BRCA1. It is concluded that the germline genetic variants found in one-third of FMC-bearing animals might be associated with a higher risk of hereditary mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Mollica Govoni
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina Da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mariotti Guerra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel Veloso Alves Pereira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felisbina Luisa Queiroga
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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You KS, Yi YW, Cho J, Seong YS. Dual Inhibition of AKT and MEK Pathways Potentiates the Anti-Cancer Effect of Gefitinib in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1205. [PMID: 33801977 PMCID: PMC8000364 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet medical need for the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). With drug combination screenings, we found that the triple combination of the protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT), and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) is effective in inducing apoptosis in TNBC cells. A set of PKIs were first screened in combination with gefitinib in the TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231. The AKT inhibitor, AT7867, was identified and further analyzed in two mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) subtype TNBC cells, MDA-MB-231 and HS578T. A combination of gefitinib and AT7867 reduced the proliferation and long-term survival of MSL TNBC cells. However, gefitinib and AT7867 induced the activation of the rat sarcoma (RAS)/ v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog (RAF)/MEK/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. To inhibit this pathway, MEK/ERK inhibitors were further screened in MDA-MB-231 cells in the presence of gefitinib and AT7867. As a result, we identified that the MEK inhibitor, PD-0325901, further enhanced the anti-proliferative and anti-clonogenic effects of gefitinib and AT7867 by inducing apoptosis. Our results suggest that the dual inhibition of the AKT and MEK pathways is a novel potential therapeutic strategy for targeting EGFR in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sic You
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
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12
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Hao Q, Wang P, Dutta P, Chung S, Li Q, Wang K, Li J, Cao W, Deng W, Geng Q, Schrode K, Shaheen M, Wu K, Zhu D, Chen QH, Chen G, Elshimali Y, Vadgama J, Wu Y. Comp34 displays potent preclinical antitumor efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer via inhibition of NUDT3-AS4, a novel oncogenic long noncoding RNA. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1052. [PMID: 33311440 PMCID: PMC7733521 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most common genomic abnormalities in breast cancers including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and pharmacologic inhibition of these aberrations has shown activity in TNBC patients. Here, we designed and identified a small-molecule Comp34 that suppresses both AKT and mTOR protein expression and exhibits robust cytotoxicity towards TNBC cells but not nontumorigenic normal breast epithelial cells. Mechanically, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) AL354740.1-204 (also named as NUDT3-AS4) acts as a microRNA sponge to compete with AKT1/mTOR mRNAs for binding to miR-99s, leading to decrease in degradation of AKT1/mTOR mRNAs and subsequent increase in AKT1/mTOR protein expression. Inhibition of lncRNA-NUDT3-AS4 and suppression of the NUDT3-AS4/miR-99s association contribute to Comp34-affected biologic pathways. In addition, Comp34 alone is effective in cells with secondary resistance to rapamycin, the best-known inhibitor of mTOR, and displays a greater in vivo antitumor efficacy and lower toxicity than rapamycin in TNBC xenografted models. In conclusion, NUDT3-AS4 may play a proproliferative role in TNBC and be considered a relevant therapeutic target, and Comp34 presents promising activity as a single agent to inhibit TNBC through regulation of NUDT3-AS4 and miR-99s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Piwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pranabananda Dutta
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Seyung Chung
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Katrina Schrode
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Magda Shaheen
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ke Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - Guanglin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA
| | - Yahya Elshimali
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jay Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine and UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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13
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Onoyama I, Nakayama S, Shimizu H, Nakayama KI. Loss of Fbxw7 Impairs Development of and Induces Heterogeneous Tumor Formation in the Mouse Mammary Gland. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5515-5530. [PMID: 33234509 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fbxw7 is an F-box protein that contributes to regulation of cell proliferation and cell fate determination as well as to tumor suppression in various tissues. In this study, we generated mice with mammary gland-specific ablation of Fbxw7 (Blg-Cre/Fbxw7 F/F mice) and found that most neonates born to mutant dams die soon after birth as a result of defective maternal lactation. The mammary gland of mutant dams was markedly atrophic and manifested both excessive cell proliferation and apoptosis in association with the accumulation of Notch1 and p63. Despite the hypoplastic nature of the mutant mammary gland, Blg-Cre/Fbxw7 F/F mice spontaneously developed mammary tumors that resembled basal-like carcinoma with marked intratumoral heterogeneity. Additional inactivation of Trp53 in Blg-Cre/Fbxw7 F/F mice further promoted onset and development of mammary tumors, suggesting that spontaneous mutation of Trp53 may facilitate transition of hypoplastic mammary lesions to aggressive cancer in mice lacking Fbxw7. RNA-sequencing analysis of epithelial- and mesenchymal-like cell lines from a Blg-Cre/Fbxw7 F/F mouse tumor revealed an increased mutation rate and structural alterations in the tumor and differential expression of upstream transcription factors including known targets of Fbxw7. Together, our results implicate Fbxw7 in the regulation of cell differentiation and in tumor suppression in the mammary gland. Loss of Fbxw7 increases mutation rate and chromosome instability, activates signaling pathways governed by transcription factors regulated by Fbxw7, and triggers the development of mammary tumors with prominent heterogeneity. SIGNIFICANCE: Mammary gland-specific ablation of Fbxw7 in mice results in defective gland development and spontaneous mammary tumor formation reminiscent of human basal-like carcinoma with intratumoral heterogeneity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/24/5515/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Onoyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shogo Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Japan.
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14
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Pathology of triple negative breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 72:136-145. [PMID: 32544511 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast tumor lacking hormone receptors expression and HER2 gene amplification and represents 24 % of newly diagnosed breast neoplasms. In this review, pathological aspects of triple-negative breast cancer are illustrated, with particular attention to the seminal studies that defined this subtype of breast cancer by a molecular point of view. This paper also focuses on practical issues raised in clinical routine by the introduction of genetic expression breast cancer profiling and the innovative prognostic and predictive impact on triple-negative breast cancer pathology. Moreover, histopathological aspects of triple-negative neoplasms are also mentioned, underlying the importance of histologic diagnosis of particular cancer subtypes with decisive impact on clinical outcome. Importantly, focus on new therapeutic frontier represented by immunotherapy is illustrated, with particular mention of immune checkpoint inhibitors introduction in TNBC therapy and their impact on future treatments.
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15
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Shea EKH, Koh VCY, Tan PH. Invasive breast cancer: Current perspectives and emerging views. Pathol Int 2020; 70:242-252. [PMID: 32039524 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer constitutes a heterogeneous group of tumors. They comprise various histological types that differ in clinical presentation, imaging features, histopathological characteristics, biomarker profiles, prognostic and predictive parameters. The current classification of invasive breast cancer is based primarily on histopathological features. Invasive carcinoma of no special type accounts for the majority, with some rare entities also being described. With recent research and advances, there are emerging concepts, including new genetic insights of invasive breast cancer and the role of the stromal microenvironment. With greater understanding of the pathogenesis of invasive breast cancer, changes based on the correlation of histologic and genetic findings have been incorporated in the latest World Health Organization classification of breast tumors. Medullary carcinomas are subsumed as invasive carcinoma of no special type with basal-like and medullary features, regarded as part of the spectrum of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte-rich breast cancers. Tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity is proposed as a distinct entity in recognition of unique IDH2 mutations. This article reviews conventional prognostic parameters, new histological entities, and updates on breast cancer classification, with inclusion of some genetic insights into breast cancer and the role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ka Ho Shea
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie Cui Yun Koh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Abdel-Sater F, Najar M, Fayyad-Kazan H. Triple negative breast cancer: microRNA expression profile and novel discriminators according to BRCA1 status. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5204-5212. [PMID: 31736084 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15% of breast carcinomas. More than 80% of women with a breast cancer associated with a breast cancer type 1 (BRCA1) mutation develop a TNBC. microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in diverse biological processes and are aberrantly expressed in several human neoplasms including breast cancer, where they function as actors of tumor onset, behavior, and progression. However, an extensive microRNA profile has not yet been determined for TNBC. Taqman low-density arrays (TLDAs) were used to screen the expression level of 667 miRNAs in TNBC versus normal breast tissues. Our TLDA results revealed 20 differentially expressed miRNAs among which 14 (10 upregulated and four downregulated) were confirmed by an individual quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, a novel link between BRCA1 status and miRNA expression level was identified through miR-96 and miR-10b that were very important discriminators between TNBC with mutated BRCA1 and TNBC with wild type BRCA1. This study promises discoveries of new pathological pathways at work in this dreadful disease and clearly warrants validation in large prospective studies with the aim of identifying novel biomarkers for diagnosis and targets for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Abdel-Sater
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Department of Medicine, Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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17
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Zakaria F, El-Mashad N, Mohamed D. Androgen receptor expression as a prognostic and predictive marker in triple-negative breast cancer patients. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Zakaria
- Departments of Clinical Oncology and Histopathology, Tanta University, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Nehal El-Mashad
- Departments of Clinical Oncology and Histopathology, Tanta University, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Dareen Mohamed
- Departments of Clinical Oncology and Histopathology, Tanta University, Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
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18
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Cheung A, Opzoomer J, Ilieva KM, Gazinska P, Hoffmann RM, Mirza H, Marlow R, Francesch-Domenech E, Fittall M, Dominguez Rodriguez D, Clifford A, Badder L, Patel N, Mele S, Pellizzari G, Bax HJ, Crescioli S, Petranyi G, Larcombe-Young D, Josephs DH, Canevari S, Figini M, Pinder S, Nestle FO, Gillett C, Spicer JF, Grigoriadis A, Tutt ANJ, Karagiannis SN. Anti-Folate Receptor Alpha-Directed Antibody Therapies Restrict the Growth of Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5098-5111. [PMID: 30068707 PMCID: PMC6193548 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack validated therapeutic targets and have high risk of metastatic disease. Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is a central mediator of cell growth regulation that could serve as an important target for cancer therapy.Experimental Design: We evaluated FRα expression in breast cancers by genomic (n = 3,414) and IHC (n = 323) analyses and its association with clinical parameters and outcomes. We measured the functional contributions of FRα in TNBC biology by RNA interference and the antitumor functions of an antibody recognizing FRα (MOv18-IgG1), in vitro, and in human TNBC xenograft models.Results: FRα is overexpressed in significant proportions of aggressive basal like/TNBC tumors, and in postneoadjuvant chemotherapy-residual disease associated with a high risk of relapse. Expression is associated with worse overall survival. TNBCs show dysregulated expression of thymidylate synthase, folate hydrolase 1, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, involved in folate metabolism. RNA interference to deplete FRα decreased Src and ERK signaling and resulted in reduction of cell growth. An anti-FRα antibody (MOv18-IgG1) conjugated with a Src inhibitor significantly restricted TNBC xenograft growth. Moreover, MOv18-IgG1 triggered immune-dependent cancer cell death in vitro by human volunteer and breast cancer patient immune cells, and significantly restricted orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft growth.Conclusions: FRα is overexpressed in high-grade TNBC and postchemotherapy residual tumors. It participates in cancer cell signaling and presents a promising target for therapeutic strategies such as ADCs, or passive immunotherapy priming Fc-mediated antitumor immune cell responses. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5098-111. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cheung
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Opzoomer
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricarda M Hoffmann
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan Mirza
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Marlow
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Francesch-Domenech
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fittall
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Dominguez Rodriguez
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Clifford
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luned Badder
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nirmesh Patel
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gyula Petranyi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Larcombe-Young
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Pinder
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Research Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N J Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom.
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Ezenwajiaku N, Ma CX, Ademuyiwa FO. Updates on Molecular Classification of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-018-0292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Kang SH, Cho J, Jeong H, Kwon SY. High RNA-binding Motif Protein 3 Expression Is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Invasive Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2018; 21:288-296. [PMID: 30275857 PMCID: PMC6158158 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2018.21.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Expression of RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) is induced by hypoxia and hypothermia. Recently, high expression of RBM3 was reported to be associated with a good prognosis in colon cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and malignant melanoma. Studies on RBM3 in invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), however, are limited. METHODS RBM3 expression was examined using a tissue microarray from 361 patients with IBC. Immunohistochemistry was performed for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 to compare the expression of these markers. For scoring of RBM3 expression, NF (nuclear staining fraction)×NI (nuclear staining intensity) was used. The RBM3 expression score was considered indicative of either low (≤4) or high (>4) expression. Western blot analysis was performed on breast cancer cell lines to evaluate RBM3 expression. RESULTS Of the total 361 samples, 240 (66.5%) exhibited high RBM3 expression. High RBM3 expression was significantly associated with positivity for ER (p<0.001), PR (p<0.001), T stage (p<0.001), histologic grade (p<0.001), and % Ki-67 staining (p=0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that high RBM3 expression was closely associated with prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) (p<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p<0.001). Western blot analysis revealed reduced RBM3 expression in HCC1954 (HER2-enriched) and BT-20 (basal-like) cells with an aggressive phenotype. CONCLUSION High nuclear RBM3 expression is strongly associated with a prolonged DFS and OS. Furthermore, RBM3 expression is closely associated with good prognostic markers such as ER and PR in IBC. High nuclear RBM3 expression is, therefore, a critical biomarker of favorable clinical outcomes in IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Kang
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jihyoung Cho
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hasong Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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21
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Maksimenko J, Irmejs A, Trofimovičs G, Bērziņa D, Skuja E, Purkalne G, Miklaševičs E, Gardovskis J. High frequency of pathogenic non-founder germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in families with breast and ovarian cancer in a founder population. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2018; 16:12. [PMID: 29928469 PMCID: PMC5989401 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-018-0094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic BRCA1 founder mutations (c.4035delA, c.5266dupC) contribute to 3.77% of all consecutive primary breast cancers and 9.9% of all consecutive primary ovarian cancers. Identifying germline pathogenic gene variants in patients with primary breast and ovarian cancer could significantly impact the medical management of patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of pathogenic mutations in the 26 breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes in patients who meet the criteria for BRCA1/2 testing and to compare the accuracy of different selection criteria for second-line testing in a founder population. Methods Fifteen female probands and 1 male proband that met National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria for BRCA1/2 testing were included in the study and underwent 26-gene panel testing. Fourteen probands had breast cancer, one proband had ovarian cancer, and one proband had both breast and ovarian cancer. In a 26-gene panel, the following breast and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility genes were included: ATM, BARD1, BLM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, EPCAM, FAM175A, MEN1, MLH1, MRE11A, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, NBN, PALB2, PMS2, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51C, RAD51D, STK11, TP53, and XRCC2. All patients previously tested negative for BRCA1 founder mutations. Results In 44% (7 out of 16) of tested probands, pathogenic mutations were identified. Six probands carried pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, and one proband carried pathogenic mutations in BRCA2. In patients, a variant of uncertain significance was found in BRCA2, RAD50, MRE11A and CDH1. The Manchester scoring system showed a high accuracy (87.5%), high sensitivity (85.7%) and high specificity (88.9%) for the prediction of pathogenic non-founder BRCA1/2 mutations. Conclusion A relatively high incidence of pathogenic non-founder BRCA1/2 mutations was observed in a founder population. The Manchester scoring system predicted the probability of non-founder pathogenic mutations with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maksimenko
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela 16, Riga, LV1007 Latvia
| | - A Irmejs
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela 16, Riga, LV1007 Latvia
| | - G Trofimovičs
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela 16, Riga, LV1007 Latvia
| | - D Bērziņa
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela 16, Riga, LV1007 Latvia
| | - E Skuja
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela 16, Riga, LV1007 Latvia
| | - G Purkalne
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela 16, Riga, LV1007 Latvia
| | - E Miklaševičs
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela 16, Riga, LV1007 Latvia
| | - J Gardovskis
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela 16, Riga, LV1007 Latvia
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22
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Oncodriver inhibition and CD4 + Th1 cytokines cooperate through Stat1 activation to induce tumor senescence and apoptosis in HER2+ and triple negative breast cancer: implications for combining immune and targeted therapies. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23058-23077. [PMID: 29796172 PMCID: PMC5955413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with HER2-expressing breast cancer many develop resistance to HER2 targeted therapies. We show that high and intermediate HER2-expressing cancer cell lines are driven toward apoptosis and tumor senescence when treated with either CD4+ Th1 cells, or Th1 cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ, in a dose dependent manner. Depletion of HER2 activity by either siRNA or trastuzumab and pertuzumab, and subsequent treatment with either anti-HER2 Th1 cells or TNF-α and IFN-γ resulted in synergistic increased tumor senescence and apoptosis in cells both sensitive and cells resistant to trastuzumab which was inhibited by neutralizing anti-TNF-α and IFN-γ. Th1 cytokines induced minimal senescence or apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC); however, inhibition of EGFR in combination with Th1 cytokines sensitized those cells causing both senescence and apoptosis. TNF-α and IFN-γ led to increased Stat1 phosphorylation through serine and tyrosine sites and a compensatory reduction in Stat3 activation. Single agent IFN-γ enhanced Stat1 phosphorylation on tyrosine 701 and similar effects were observed in combination with TNF-α and EGFR inhibition. These results demonstrate Th1 cytokines and anti-oncodriver blockade cooperate in causing tumor senescence and apoptosis in TNBC and HER2-expressing breast cancer, suggesting these combinations could be explored as non-cross-reactive therapy preventing recurrence in breast cancer.
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23
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Costa RLB, Han HS, Gradishar WJ. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in triple-negative breast cancer: a review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:397-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Lu YJ, Wang P, Wang X, Peng J, Zhu YW, Shen N. The significant prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in triple-negative breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37361-37369. [PMID: 27008698 PMCID: PMC5095082 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical validity of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is still controversial in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify relevant articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase databases through September 2015. The outcomes of interest were disease progression and overall survival. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were considered the effect indicators and were pooled in meta-analyses under a fixed- or random-effect model according to heterogeneity. Results Ten of the eligible studies were included for a total of 642 enrolled TNBC patients. Overall analyses revealed that the presence of CTCs predicted aggressive disease progression (HR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.59-2.99, Pheterogeneity = 0.010, I2 = 52.2%) and reduced overall survival (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.59-2.57, Pheterogeneity = 0.169, I2 = 26.6%). Further subgroup analyses demonstrated that CTC-positive patients also had poor disease progression and overall survival in different subsets, including cancer stage. Conclusion Our meta-analysis provides strong evidence that detection of CTC in the peripheral blood is an independent prognosticator of poor survival outcomes for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute and Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao-Wu Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Expression of GHRH-R, a Potentially Targetable Biomarker, in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 26:1-5. [PMID: 29206714 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) has been shown to modify the growth behavior of many cancers, including breast. GHRH is produced by tumor cells, acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner, and requires the presence of GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) on the tumor cells to exert its effects. GHRH activity can be effectively blocked by synthetic antagonists of its receptor and hence, the expression of GHRH-R by tumor cells could serve as a predictor of response to GHRH-R antagonist therapy. In this study, we investigated the expression of GHRH-R in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). As TNBCs are morphologically and immunophenotypically heterogenous, the staining results were also correlated with the histologic subtypes of these tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS On the basis of histomorphology and immunophenotype, 134 cases of primary TNBCs were further subdivided into medullary, metaplastic, apocrine, and invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC-NST). Immunohistochemistry for GHRH-R was performed on paraffin sections and the staining results were assessed semiquantitatively as negative, low expression, moderate, and high expression. RESULTS Of the 134 TNBCs, 85 were classified as IDC-NST, 25 as metaplastic, 16 as medullary, and 8 as apocrine carcinoma. Overall, positive reaction for GHRH-R was seen in 77 (57%) of tumors including 66 (77.6%) of IDC-NST. All medullary carcinomas were negative for GHRH-R and, with the exception of 1 case with low expression, none of the metaplastic carcinomas expressed GHRH-R (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS A considerable number of TNBCs are positive for GHRH-R as a predictor of potential response to anti-GHRH-R treatment. This expression however, varies considerably between histologic subtypes of triple-negative breast cancers. Although most medullary and metaplastic carcinomas do not express GHRH-R, three fourths of the IDC-NST show a positive reaction. Testing for GHRH-R expression is therefore advisable if anti-GHRH-R therapy is being considered.
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26
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Costa RLB, Soliman H, Czerniecki BJ. The clinical development of vaccines for HER2 + breast cancer: Current landscape and future perspectives. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 61:107-115. [PMID: 29125981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a tumor associated antigen over-expressed in 20-30% of cases of breast cancer. Passive immune therapy with HER2-directed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) has changed the natural history of this subset of breast tumors both in the localized and metastatic settings. The safety and efficacy of HER2 vaccines have been assessed in early phase clinical trials but to date clinically relevant results in late phase trials remain an elusive target. Here, we review the recent translational discoveries related to the interactions between the adaptive immune system and the HER2 antigen in breast cancer, results of published clinical trials, and future directions in the field of HER2 vaccine treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L B Costa
- Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Breast Cancer, Tampa, United States.
| | - H Soliman
- Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Breast Cancer, Tampa, United States
| | - B J Czerniecki
- Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Breast Cancer, Tampa, United States
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27
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Jia H, Truica CI, Wang B, Wang Y, Ren X, Harvey HA, Song J, Yang JM. Immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: Existing challenges and exciting prospects. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 32:1-15. [PMID: 29145974 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with breast tumors that do not express the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, nor Her-2/neu are hence termed "triple negatives", and generally have a poor prognosis, with high rates of systemic recurrence and refractoriness to conventional therapy regardless of the choice of adjuvant treatment. Thus, more effective therapeutic options are sorely needed for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which occurs in approximately 20% of diagnosed breast cancers. In recent years, exploiting intrinsic mechanisms of the host immune system to eradicate cancer cells has achieved impressive success, and the advances in immunotherapy have yielded potential new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this devastating subtype of breast cancer. It is anticipated that the responses initiated by immunotherapeutic interventions will explicitly target and annihilate tumor cells, while at the same time spare normal cells. Various immunotherapeutic approaches have been already developed and tested, which include the blockade of immune checkpoints using neutralizing or blocking antibodies, induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), adoptive cell transfer-based therapy, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment to enhance the activity of CTLs. One of the most important areas of breast cancer research today is understanding the immune features and profiles of TNBC and devising novel immune-modulatory strategies to tackling TNBC, a subtype of breast cancer notorious for its poor prognosis and its imperviousness to conventional treatments. On the optimal side, one can anticipate that novel, effective, and personalized immunotherapy for TNBC will soon achieve more success and impact clinical treatment of this disease which afflicts approximately 20% of patients with breast cancer. In the present review, we highlight the current progress and encouraging developments in cancer immunotherapy, with a goal to discuss the challenges and to provide future perspectives on how to exploit a variety of new immunotherapeutic approaches including checkpoint inhibitors and neoadjuvant immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 03001, China.
| | - Cristina I Truica
- Department of Medicine, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 03001, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 03001, China
| | - Xingcong Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Harold A Harvey
- Department of Medicine, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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28
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Jitariu AA, Cîmpean AM, Ribatti D, Raica M. Triple negative breast cancer: the kiss of death. Oncotarget 2017; 8:46652-46662. [PMID: 28445140 PMCID: PMC5542300 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most controversial women malignancies, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are critically overviewed here, being focused on data useful in clinical practice or to improve the therapy and patients survival. TNBCs "choose" young women and its "kiss" is, unfortunately deadly in most cases. Currently, few sparse data are available in literature concerning the origins of TNBC. Vasculogenic mimicry detected in TNBCs, seems to be determined by a population of CD133+ cells and may be stimulated by different pharmacological agents such sunitinib. Despite the fact that TNBCs do not usually metastasize through the lymphatic pathways, TNBCs may be characterized by lymphatic invasion and by an increased lymphatic microvascular density. If TNBCs treatment depends on the molecular profile of the tumor, the same statement may be postulated for TNBCs metastasis. Whether metastases have a similar phenotype as the primary tumor remains an enigma. Therefore, the question: 'Could TNBC be subject to a standardized, unanimously accepted therapeutic strategy or is it strictly subclass-dependent?' remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana-Andreea Jitariu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Cîmpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute “ Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
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29
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Vidal G, Bursac Z, Miranda-Carboni G, White-Means S, Starlard-Davenport A. Racial disparities in survival outcomes by breast tumor subtype among African American women in Memphis, Tennessee. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1776-1786. [PMID: 28612435 PMCID: PMC5504313 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial disparities in survival among African American (AA) women in the United States have been well documented. Breast cancer mortality rates among AA women is higher in Memphis, Tennessee as compared to 49 of the largest US cities. In this study, we investigated the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in survival outcomes among Memphis women are attributed to differences in breast tumor subtype and treatment outcomes. A total of 3527 patients diagnosed with stage I-IV breast cancer between January 2002 and April 2015 at Methodist Health hospitals and West Cancer Center in Memphis, TN were included in the analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to compare survival outcomes among 1342 (38.0%) AA and 2185 (62.0%) non-Hispanic White breast cancer patients by race and breast tumor subtype. Over a mean follow-up time of 29.9 months, AA women displayed increased mortality risk [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35-2.03] and were more likely to be diagnosed at advanced stages of disease. AA women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) had the highest death rate at 26.7% compared to non-Hispanic White women at 16.5%. AA women with TNBC and luminal B/HER2- breast tumors had the highest risk of mortality. Regardless of race, patients who did not have surgery had over five times higher risk of dying compared to those who had surgery. These findings provide additional evidence of the breast cancer disparity gap between AA and non-Hispanic White women and highlight the need for targeted interventions and policies to eliminate breast cancer disparities in AA populations, particularly in Memphis, TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Vidal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38133.,The University of Tennessee West Cancer Center, Germantown, Tennessee
| | - Zoran Bursac
- Division of Biostatistics and Center for Population Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gustavo Miranda-Carboni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38133
| | - Shelley White-Means
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Consortium on Health Education, Economic Empowerment and Research (CHEER), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163
| | - Athena Starlard-Davenport
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38133
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30
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Costa RL, Gradishar WJ. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Practice and Future Directions. J Oncol Pract 2017; 13:301-303. [DOI: 10.1200/jop.2017.023333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo L.B. Costa
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - William J. Gradishar
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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31
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Wang Q, Gao S, Li H, Lv M, Lu C. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in triple negative breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3226-3233. [PMID: 28138992 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in many cancer types, which are believed to play crucial roles in regulating several hallmarks of cancer biology. Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of normal breast cancer, which has features of negativity for ER, PR, and HER2. Great efforts have been made to identify an association between lncRNAs expression profiles and TNBC, and to understand the functional role and molecular mechanism on aberrant-expressed lncRNAs. In this review, we summarized the existed knowledge on the systematics, biology, and function of lncRNAs. The advances from the most recent studies of lncRNAs in the predicament of breast cancer, TNBC, are highlighted, especially the functions of specifically selected lncRNAs. We also discussed the potential value of these lncRNAs in TNBC, providing clues for the diagnosis and treatments of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Breast, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Breast, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Breast, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Costa R, Shah AN, Santa-Maria CA, Cruz MR, Mahalingam D, Carneiro BA, Chae YK, Cristofanilli M, Gradishar WJ, Giles FJ. Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in triple negative breast cancer: New discoveries and practical insights for drug development. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 53:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Yao H, He G, Yan S, Chen C, Song L, Rosol TJ, Deng X. Triple-negative breast cancer: is there a treatment on the horizon? Oncotarget 2017; 8:1913-1924. [PMID: 27765921 PMCID: PMC5352107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers, does not express estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) and lacks human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression or amplification. These tumors have a more aggressive phenotype and a poorer prognosis due to the high propensity for metastatic progression and absence of specific targeted treatments. Patients with TNBC do not benefit from hormonal or trastuzumab-based targeted therapies because of the loss of target receptors. Although these patients respond to chemotherapeutic agents such as taxanes and anthracyclines better than other subtypes of breast cancer, prognosis remains poor. A group of targeted therapies under investigation showed favorable results in TNBC, especially in cancers with BRCA mutation. The lipid-lowering statins (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors), including lovastatin and simvastatin, have been shown to preferentially target TNBC compared with non-TNBC. These statins hold great promise for the management of TNBC. Only with the understanding of the molecular basis for the preference of statins for TNBC and more investigations in clinical trials can they be reformulated into a clinically approved drug against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liujiang Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lu M, Whitelegge JP, Whelan SA, He J, Saxton RE, Faull KF, Chang HR. Hydrophobic Fractionation Enhances Novel Protein Detection by Mass Spectrometry in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:1-10. [PMID: 20596302 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is widely believed that discovery of specific, sensitive and reliable tumor biomarkers can improve the treatment of cancer. The goal of this study was to develop a novel fractionation protocol targeting hydrophobic proteins as possible cancer cell membrane biomarkers. Hydrophobic proteins of breast cancer tissues and cell lines were enriched by polymeric reverse phase columns. The retained proteins were eluted and digested for peptide identification by nano-liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry using a hybrid linear ion-trap Orbitrap.Hundreds of proteins were identified from each of these three specimens: tumors, normal breast tissue, and breast cancer cell lines. Many of the identified proteins defined key cellular functions. Protein profiles of cancer and normal tissues from the same patient were systematically examined and compared. Stem cell markers were overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared with non-TNBC samples. Because breast cancer stem cells are known to be resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, and can be the source of metastasis frequently seen in patients with TNBC, our study may provide evidence of molecules promoting the aggressiveness of TNBC.The initial results obtained using a combination of hydrophobic fractionation and nano-LC mass spectrometry analysis of these proteins appear promising in the discovery of potential cancer biomarkers. When sufficiently refined, this approach may prove useful for early detection and better treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Gonda/UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Ma Z, Kim Y, Hu F, Lee JK. Point success rate for patient therapeutic response prediction by continuous biomarker scores. Stat Methods Med Res 2016; 25:1638-47. [DOI: 10.1177/0962280213493161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Various predictive diagnostic tests are highly demanded to guide optimal treatments for individual patients, as individual patients with the same disease such as cancer frequently exhibit dramatically different therapeutic responses to multiple available treatment options. A large number of clinical trials have thus been performed to test the predictive ability and utility of various therapeutic biomarker tests. However, in these trial designs the conventional optimization criteria such as positive predictive value or negative predictive value cannot reflect each patient’s true chance of success associated with continuous predictive biomarker scores. We have developed a novel statistical concept, point success rate (PSR), to overcome deficiencies in these conventional methods for optimizing biomarker-based clinical trials. We demonstrate statistical superiority as well as clinical improvement by a PSR-based treatment selection both with simulated and breast cancer patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Ma
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Feifang Hu
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Gerratana L, Fanotto V, Pelizzari G, Agostinetto E, Puglisi F. Do platinum salts fit all triple negative breast cancers? Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 48:34-41. [PMID: 27343437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis once metastatic. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that TNBC could be more sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, especially among BRCA1/2-mutated patients. In recent years, several randomised trials have been conducted to evaluate platinum efficacy in both early-stage and advanced TNBC, with conflicting results especially for long-term outcomes. Experimental studies are now focusing on identifying biomarkers of response to help selecting patients who may benefit most from platinum-based therapies, including BRCA1/2 mutational status and genomic instability signatures (such as HRD-LOH or HRD-LST scores). A standard therapy for TNBC is still missing and platinum-based regimens represent an emerging therapeutic option for selected patients with a defect in the homologous recombination repair system. The identification of these patients through validated biomarker assays will be crucial to optimize the use of currently approved agents in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gerratana
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - V Fanotto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - G Pelizzari
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - E Agostinetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - F Puglisi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Yue Y, Astvatsaturyan K, Cui X, Zhang X, Fraass B, Bose S. Stratification of Prognosis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Using Combinatorial Biomarkers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149661. [PMID: 26930401 PMCID: PMC4773063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly diverse group of cancers, and generally considered an aggressive disease associated with poor survival. Stratification of TNBC is highly desired for both prognosis and treatment decisions to identify patients who may benefit from less aggressive therapy. Methods This study retrieved 192 consecutive non-metastasis TNBC patients who had undergone a resection of a primary tumor from 2008 to 2012. All samples were negative for ER, PR, and HER2/neu. Disease-free-survival (DFS) and overall-survival (OS) were evaluated for expression of immunohistochemical biomarkers (P53, Ki-67, CK5/6 and EGFR), as well as clinicopathological variables including age, tumor size, grade, lymph node status, pathologic tumor and nodal stages. The cutoff values of the basal biomarkers, EGFR and CK5/6, were estimated by time-dependent ROC curves. The prognostic values of combinatorial variables were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. Patients were stratified into different risk groups based on expression status of identified prognostic variables. Results Median age was 57 years (range, 28–92 years). Patients’ tumor stage and nodal stage were significantly associated with OS and DFS. EGFR and CK5/6 were significant prognostic variables at cutoff points of 15% (p = 0.001, AUC = 0.723), and 50% (p = 0.006, AUC = 0.675), respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis identified five significant variables: EGFR (p = 0.016), CK5/6 (p = 0.018), Ki-67 (p = 0.048), tumor stage (p = 0.010), and nodal stage (p = 0.003). Patients were stratified into low basal (EGFR≤15% and CK5/6≤50%) and high basal (EGFR>15% and/or CK5/6>50%) expression groups. In the low basal expression group, patients with low expressions of Ki-67, low tumor and nodal stage had significantly better survival than those with high expressions/stages of three variables, log-rank p = 0.015 (100% vs 68% at 50 months). In the high basal expression group, patient with high basal expression of both biomarkers (EGFR >15% and CK5/6 >50%) had worse survival (mean DFS = 25 months, 41.7% event rate) than those patient with high expression of either one marker (mean DFS = 34 months, 25.5% event rate). Conclusions Immunoexpression of basal biomarkers, EGFR and CK5/6, is useful in predicting survival of TNBC patients. Integrated with Ki-67, tumor and nodal stages, combinatorial biomarker analysis provides a feasible clinical solution to stratify patient risks and help clinical decision-making with respect to selecting the appropriate therapies for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristine Astvatsaturyan
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Departments of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Benedick Fraass
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shikha Bose
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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BRCA1 inhibits AR-mediated proliferation of breast cancer cells through the activation of SIRT1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22034. [PMID: 26902145 PMCID: PMC4763204 DOI: 10.1038/srep22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) is a tumor suppressor protein that functions to maintain genomic stability through critical roles in DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, and transcriptional control. The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in more than 70% of breast cancers and has been implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis. However, little is known about the role of BRCA1 in AR-mediated cell proliferation in human breast cancer. Here, we report that a high expression of AR in breast cancer patients was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) using a tissue microarray with 149 non-metastatic breast cancer patient samples. We reveal that overexpression of BRCA1 significantly inhibited expression of AR through activation of SIRT1 in breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, SIRT1 induction or treatment with a SIRT1 agonist, resveratrol, inhibits AR-stimulated proliferation. Importantly, this mechanism is manifested in breast cancer patient samples and TCGA database, which showed that low SIRT1 gene expression in tumor tissues compared with normal adjacent tissues predicts poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Taken together, our findings suggest that BRCA1 attenuates AR-stimulated proliferation of breast cancer cells via SIRT1 mediated pathway.
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Abstract
Breast carcinoma is a heterogenous disease. Carcinomas lacking expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2/neu receptors by immunohistochemistry and Her2 amplification are designated as triple negative. This group of carcinomas comprises approximately 10% to 20% of all breast carcinomas and is characterized by an aggressive nature with shorter rates of disease-free and overall survival. This aggressive behavior is further compounded by the lack of available targeted therapies. Patients receive cytoxic chemotherapy regimens. Although tumors are initially sensitive to this therapy, drugs are toxic and ineffective in maintaining long-term response thereby providing limited benefit. Much effort is being spent on this group of cancers for the identification of appropriate molecular targets, an effort that is proving challenging due to the presence of marked heterogeneity, both at the morphologic and molecular levels. An understanding of the advances in this field is crucial for developing targeted therapies and tailored patient management protocols. This report summarizes the pathologic subtypes of breast cancer that are commonly of a triple-negative immunophenotype and recent molecular advances in this field.
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Hall C, Karhade M, Laubacher B, Anderson A, Kuerer H, DeSynder S, Lucci A. Circulating Tumor Cells After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage I-III Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22 Suppl 3:S552-8. [PMID: 25968619 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and HER-2 gene amplification. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be identified in 25 % of nonmetastatic breast cancer patients, and the identification of ≥1 CTC predicts outcome. This study was designed to determine whether CTCs present after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) predicted worse outcome in nonmetastatic TNBC patients. METHODS CTCs were assessed in 57 TNBC patients with nonmetastatic TNBC after the completion of NACT. CTCs (per 7.5 ml blood) were identified using the Cell Search(®) System (Janssen). Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were applied to establish the association of CTCs with relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Median follow-up was 30 months, and mean age was 53 years. Fifty-four patients (95 %) had >2-cm tumors, 42 (84 %) were nuclear grade 3, and 42 (74 %) had positive axillary lymph nodes. One or more CTC was identified in 30 % of patients. CTC presence was not associated with primary tumor size, high grade, or lymph node positivity. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that detection of ≥1 CTC predicted decreased RFS (log-rank P = 0.03, HR 5.25, 95 % CI 1.34-20.56) and OS (log-rank P = 0.03, HR 7.04, 95 % CI 1.26-39.35). CONCLUSIONS One or more CTCs present after NACT predicted relapse and survival in nonmetastatic TNBC patients. This information would be helpful in future clinical trial design of adjuvant treatments for TNBC patients who are at risk for relapse after completing NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Hall
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Unit 444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mandar Karhade
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Unit 444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Laubacher
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Unit 444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amber Anderson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Unit 444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Henry Kuerer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Unit 444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah DeSynder
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Unit 444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Lucci
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Unit 444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Karhade M, Hall C, Mishra P, Anderson A, Kuerer H, Bedrosian I, Krishnamurthy S, Lucci A. Circulating tumor cells in non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 147:325-33. [PMID: 25164970 PMCID: PMC4149877 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be identified in approximately 25 % of stage I-III breast cancer patients; CTCs presence is a predictor of poor outcome in metastatic breast cancer, but little is known regarding the prognostic significance of CTCs in non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether CTCs predict worse outcome in non-metastatic TNBC patients. We evaluated CTCs in 113 patients with stages I-III TNBC at the time of definitive surgery. CTCs were assessed using the CellSearch System®. Progression-free and overall survival were defined as time elapsed between date of diagnosis and either date of clinical disease progression, death, or last follow-up. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were used to determine associations of CTCs with progression-free and overall survival. The median follow-up was 40 months. CTCs were identified in 23/113 (20 %) of patients. No primary tumor characteristic or lymph node status predicted the presence of CTCs. The identification of ≥2 CTCs predicted shorter progression-free (log rank P ≤ 0.001; hazard ratio 8.30, 95 % CI 2.61–26.37) and overall survival (log rank P = 0.0004; hazard ratio 7.19, 95 % CI 1.98–26.06) versus survival for patients with <2 CTCs. Two or more CTCs predict shorter progression-free and overall survival in TNBC patients. Larger studies are needed to determine whether CTC assessment provides beneficial information that could be used in stratifying TNBC patients at increased risk for disease progression. Finally, CTCs characterization could facilitate the development of novel treatment approaches for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Karhade
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Unit 0444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Pang JC, Virani NK, Kidwell KM, Kleer CG. Characterization of type III TGF-β receptor expression in invasive breast carcinomas: a potential new marker and target for triple negative breast cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:211-8. [PMID: 25135009 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive breast carcinomas are heterogeneous and exhibit distinct molecular features and biological behavior. Understanding the underlying molecular events that promote breast cancer progression is necessary to improve treatment and prognostication. TGF-β receptor III (TBR3) is a member of the TGF-β signaling pathway, with functions in cell proliferation and migration in malignancies, including breast cancer. Recent studies propose that TBR3 may function as a tumor suppressor and that its loss may correlate with disease progression. However, there are limited data on the expression of TBR3 in breast cancer in relationship to tumor type, hormonal receptor status and HER-2/neu, and patient outcome. In this study, we investigated the expression of TBR3 in a cohort of 205 primary invasive breast carcinomas in tissue microarrays (TMAs), with comprehensive clinical, pathological and follow- up information. Sections were stained for TBR3 and evaluated for intensity of reactivity based on a 4-tiered scoring system (1 to 4; TBR3 low = scores 1-2; TBR3 high = scores 3-4). Of the 205 invasive carcinomas, 123 were luminal type (95 type A, 28 type B), 8 were HER-2 type, and 62 were triple negative (TN). TBR3 was high in 112 (55 %) and low in 93 (45 %) cases. Low TBR3 was associated with higher histological grade and worse disease free and overall survival, all features of biologically aggressive breast carcinomas. TBR3 was significantly associated with the subtype of breast cancer, as low TBR3 was detected in 95 % of TN compared to 22 % of luminal tumors (p < 0.0001). We discovered a significant association between low TBR3 protein expression, TN breast cancer phenotype, and disease progression. These data suggest that TBR3 loss might be linked to the development of TN breast cancers and pave the way to investigating whether restoring TBR3 function may be a therapeutic strategy against TN breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy C Pang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 4217 Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Abstract
We have previously indicated that the ideal animal tumor model should mimic the human disease. This means that the investigator should be able to ascertain the influence of host factors on the initiation of tumorigenesis, mimic the susceptibility of tumor response based on age and reproductive history, and determine the response of the tumors induced to chemotherapy. The utilization of experimental models of mammary carcinogenesis in risk assessment requires that the influence of ovarian, pituitary, and placental hormones, among others, as well as overall reproductive events are taken into consideration, since they are important modifiers of the susceptibility of the organ to neoplastic development. Several species, such as rodents, dogs, cats, and monkeys, have been evaluated for these purposes; however, none of them fulfills all the criteria specified previously. Rodents, however, are the most widely used models; therefore, this work will concentrate on discussing the rat rodent model of mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Russo
- The Irma H Russo, MD-Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kwon SY, Lee JH, Kim B, Park JW, Kwon TK, Kang SH, Kim S. Complexity in regulation of microRNA machinery components in invasive breast carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:697-705. [PMID: 24574065 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression of microRNA (miRNA) machinery components may play an important role in breast cancer progression. The objective of the current study was to evaluate Drosha, the DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8), Dicer, and Argonaute 2 (AGO2) mRNA expression in invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) and to assess the value of clinical parameters on their expression. By using quantitative real-time PCR, we examined the expression of the four miRNA machinery components in 52 breast tumor tissues which are diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. In the present study, decreased mRNA expression levels of major miRNA machinery components were observed in IBC. The altered mRNA expression levels of DGCR8 and AGO2 are positively correlated with to each other. This study revealed for the first time that expression alterations of DGCR8 are significantly associated with estrogen receptor and Ki-67 status in IBC. Moreover, AGO2 mRNA expression level was significantly correlated with N stage. These results provided evidences that down-regulated the four miRNA machinery components may play an important role in breast pathobiology and that DGCR8 and AGO2 might be associated with important clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 704-701, South Korea
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Wiese DA, Thaiwong T, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Kiupel M. Feline mammary basal-like adenocarcinomas: a potential model for human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with basal-like subtype. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:403. [PMID: 24004841 PMCID: PMC3849986 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an immunophenotype defined by the absence of immunolabeling for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 protein, has a highly aggressive behavior. A subpopulation of TNBCs exhibit a basal-like morphology with immunohistochemical positivity for cytokeratins 5/6 (CK5/6) and/or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and have a high incidence of BRCA (breast cancer susceptibility) mutations. Feline mammary adenocarcinomas (FMAs) are highly malignant and share a similar basal-like subtype. The purpose of this study was to classify FMAs according to the current human classification of breast cancer that includes evaluation of ER, PR and HER2 status and expression of basal CK 5/6 and EGFR. Furthermore, we selected triple negative, basal-like FMAs to screen for BRCA mutations similar to those described in human TNBC. Methods Twenty four FMAs were classified according to the current human histologic breast cancer classification including immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ER, PR HER2, CK5/6 and EGFR. Genetic alteration and loss of heterozygosity of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were analyzed in triple negative, basal-like FMAs. Results IHC for ER, PR and HER2 identified 14 of the 24 (58%) FMAs as a triple negative. Furthermore, 11of these 14 (79%) triple negative FMAs had a basal-like subtype. However, no genetic abnormalities were detected in BRCA1 and BRCA2 by direct sequencing and loss of heterozygosity analysis. Conclusion FMAs are highly aggressive neoplasms that are commonly triple negative and exhibit a basal-like morphology. This is similar to human TNBC that are also commonly classified as a basal-like subtype. While sequencing of a select number of triple negative, basal-like FMAs and testing for loss of heterozygosity of BRCA1 and BRCA2 did not identify mutations similar to those described in human TNBC, further in-depth evaluation is required to elucidate a potential role of BRCA in the tumorigenesis of triple negative, basal-like FMAs. The strong similarities in clinical behavior, morphology and IHC phenotype suggest that triple negative, basal-like FMAs may be a suitable spontaneous animal model for studying novel therapeutic approaches against human basal-like TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wiese
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Hussein O, Mosbah M, Farouk O, Farag K, El-Saed A, Arafa M, Abdallah A. Hormone receptors and age distribution in breast cancer patients at a university hospital in northern egypt. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2013; 7:51-7. [PMID: 23825439 PMCID: PMC3694824 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Egyptian women. The disease is often advanced at diagnosis. Since molecular profiling is not feasible in routine practice, we sought to examine the association of age distribution with hormone receptor profile, disease stage and outcome among Egyptian women. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of breast cancer patients treated at Mansoura University Cancer Center in the Nile Delta from 2006 through 2011. Age groups were examined in relation to hormone receptors status and tumor clinicopathological criteria. Additionally, the effect of receptor status on disease relapse and disease-free survival was examined with logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS A total of 263 patients were included in the current analysis. About 66.9% (n = 176) of patients were hormone receptor positive, 14.1% (n = 37) were Her2/neu positive, and 19.0% (n = 50) were triple negative. Median age of the patients was 52 years and was equal across all receptor status types. Triple negative status correlated with increased risk of disease relapse (odds ratio = 1.8, P = 0.03) and with shortened disease-free survival (hazards ratio = 2.6, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The age distribution and receptor status pattern in the Nile Delta region does not explain the aggressive behavior of the disease. The age of the patients at diagnosis is older than patients in earlier studies from Egypt emphasizing the importance of implementing mammographic screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hussein
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
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Larsen MJ, Kruse TA, Tan Q, Lænkholm AV, Bak M, Lykkesfeldt AE, Sørensen KP, Hansen TVO, Ejlertsen B, Gerdes AM, Thomassen M. Classifications within molecular subtypes enables identification of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers by RNA tumor profiling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64268. [PMID: 23704984 PMCID: PMC3660328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are detected in less than one third of families with a strong history of breast cancer. It is therefore expected that mutations still remain undetected by currently used screening methods. In addition, a growing number of BRCA1/2 sequence variants of unclear pathogen significance are found in the families, constituting an increasing clinical challenge. New methods are therefore needed to improve the detection rate and aid the interpretation of the clinically uncertain variants. In this study we analyzed a series of 33 BRCA1, 22 BRCA2, and 128 sporadic tumors by RNA profiling to investigate the classification potential of RNA profiles to predict BRCA1/2 mutation status. We found that breast tumors from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers display characteristic RNA expression patterns, allowing them to be distinguished from sporadic tumors. The majority of BRCA1 tumors were basal-like while BRCA2 tumors were mainly luminal B. Using RNA profiles, we were able to distinguish BRCA1 tumors from sporadic tumors among basal-like tumors with 83% accuracy and BRCA2 from sporadic tumors among luminal B tumors with 89% accuracy. Furthermore, subtype-specific BRCA1/2 gene signatures were successfully validated in two independent data sets with high accuracies. Although additional validation studies are required, indication of BRCA1/2 involvement (“BRCAness”) by RNA profiling could potentially be valuable as a tool for distinguishing pathogenic mutations from benign variants, for identification of undetected mutation carriers, and for selecting patients sensitive to new therapeutics such as PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Human Genetics, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Human Genetics, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Bak
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne E. Lykkesfeldt
- Breast Cancer Group, Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina P. Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Human Genetics, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas v. O. Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Statistical Center, Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Human Genetics, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Hassanein M, Huiart L, Bourdon V, Rabayrol L, Geneix J, Nogues C, Peyrat JP, Gesta P, Meynard P, Dreyfus H, Petrot D, Lidereau R, Noguchi T, Eisinger F, Extra JM, Viens P, Jacquemier J, Sobol H. Prediction of BRCA1 germ-line mutation status in patients with breast cancer using histoprognosis grade, MS110, Lys27H3, vimentin, and KI67. Pathobiology 2013; 80:219-27. [PMID: 23614934 DOI: 10.1159/000339432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Family structure, lack of reliable information, cost, and delay are usual concerns when deciding to perform BRCA analyses. Testing breast cancer tissues with four antibodies (MS110, lys27H3, vimentin, and KI67) in addition to grade evaluation enabled us to rapidly select patients for genetic testing identification. We constituted an initial breast cancer tissue microarray, considered as a learning set, comprising 27 BRCA1 and 81 sporadic tumors. A second independent validation set of 28 BRCA1 tumors was matched to 28 sporadic tumors using the same original conditions. We investigated morphological parameters and 21 markers by immunohistochemistry. A logistic regression model was used to select the minimal number of markers providing the best model to predict BRCA1 status. The model was applied to the validation set to estimate specificity and sensibility. In the initial set, univariate analyses identified 11 markers significantly associated with BRCA1 status. Then, the best multivariate model comprised only grade 3, MS110, Lys27H3, vimentin, and KI67. When applied to the validation set, BRCA1 tumors were correctly classified with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 81%. The performance of this model was superior when compared to other profiles. This study offers a new rapid and cost-effective method for the prescreening of patients at high risk of being BRCA1 mutation carriers, to guide genetic testing, and finally to provide appropriate preventive measures, advice, and treatments including targeted therapy to patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Cancer Genetics/CIC-P Inserm 9502, Paoli Calmettes Institute, University of Aix-Marseille II, Marseille, France
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Significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and cancer antigen 15.3 in patients with triple negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s146039691200057x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundA pilot study was undertaken to find significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cancer antigen (CA 15.3) in breast cancer patients.Materials and methodsTotal 70 patients with breast cancer were divided into triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC depending on oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors or HER-2/neu receptors status. Serum CA 15.3 and VEGF levels were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the time of diagnosis and were correlated with age, tumour size and stage of the disease in both the groups. Spearman's test was used to find the correlation.ResultsVEGF levels were found to be >400 pg/ml in 27 patients, 19 (54·33%) of them were TNBC and only 8 (22·87%) non-TNBC. Mean values of the VEGF were, 784·34 pg/ml in TNBC and 334·60 pg/ml non-TNBC patients, respectively. CA 15.3 level was found to be higher in non-TNBC group (60·72 U/ml) than in TNBC group (45·24 U/ml). In all patients significant correlation was found between serum CA 15.3 level and tumour size and stage of the disease. In non-TNBC patients significant correlation was seen between CA 15.3 values and stage of the disease, but VEGF had no correlation with any of the disease parameters. In TNBC patients, there was no correlation between CA 15.3 level and any of the disease parameters but VEGF showed a significant correlation with both tumour size and stage of the disease.ConclusionExpression profile of VEGF was high in TNBC than non-TNBC patients. VEGF serves to be a better biomarker as compared with CA 15.3 in TNBC patients.
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50
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Speiser JJ, Erşahin C, Osipo C. The functional role of Notch signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2013; 93:277-306. [PMID: 23810012 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416673-8.00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The term "triple-negative breast cancer" (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer. Unfortunately, due to the lack of expression of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, therefore the lack of US Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapies, TNBC has the worst prognosis of all subtypes of breast cancer. Notch signaling has emerged as a pro-oncogene in several human malignancies and has particularly been associated with the triple-negative subtype of breast cancer. This chapter explores the role of Notch signaling in triple negative and other subtypes of breast cancer, the relationship of Notch with other breast cancer biomarkers, prognostic indicators associated with Notch, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting Notch inhibition. Hopefully, better understanding of this signaling pathway in the future will lead to optimal molecular therapeutic treatments for TNBC patients, improving their quality of life and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi J Speiser
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago Division of Health Sciences, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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