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Guo Y, Li L, Yang K, Song Y, Xu L, Zhao F, Li W. Enhancing prognostic insights: myometrial invasion patterns in endometrial carcinoma, with emphasis on MELF pattern-a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00153. [PMID: 38870068 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern, characterized by myxoid and inflamed stroma, is readily identifiable as a form of myometrial infiltration. This meta-analysis endeavors to assess the prognostic significance of MELF infiltration patterns in patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer. METHODS A comprehensive literature search, spanning until 11 October 2023, across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, identified 23 relevant studies involving 5199 patients. Data analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. RESULTS Analysis indicates that MELF infiltration predicts a higher risk of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer patients [hazard ratios (HR) = 5.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.62-7.05; P < 0.05]. Notably, this association remains consistent across various patient demographics, analytical approaches, study designs, and treatment modalities. However, MELF infiltration does not significantly correlate with recurrence (HR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73-1.52; P > 0.05), overall survival (HR = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.91-1.68; P > 0.05), or disease-free survival (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 0.85-2.28; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION While MELF infiltration heightens the risk of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer, its impact on recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival remains statistically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luying Li
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University
| | | | | | - Lu Xu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University
| | | | - Wenting Li
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Wang Q, Cui L, Li P, Wang Y. Somatic Mutation of FAT Family Genes Implicated Superior Prognosis in Patients With Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:873836. [PMID: 35836939 PMCID: PMC9273734 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.873836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT family genes encode protocadherin, which regulates tumor cell proliferation and migration. Although transcriptional levels of FAT family members had been reported in multiple malignant tumors, the association between mutation and prognosis of the FAT family in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has not been investigated. Herein, we performed a multi-omics integrative bioinformatics analysis using genomic and mRNA expression data to explore the role of gene mutations across the FAT family on clinical outcomes of STAD. The results showed that FAT mutations occurred in 174 of 435 (40%) of the samples. Patients with FAT mutations possessed significantly better progression-free survival (P = 0.019) and overall survival (P = 0.034) than those with non-FAT mutations, and FAT mutations exhibited significantly higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability. Notably, FAT mutations had a greater effect on somatic single-nucleotide variation than copy number variation and resulted in more abundant DNA damage repair (DDR) mutations. Further investigation demonstrated that FAT mutations contributed to an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), as indicated by significantly increased numbers of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells, and significantly decreased numbers of mast cell, plasmacytoid dendritic cell, type 2 T helper cell, and high expression of immune-promoting genes. Moreover, biological process antigen processing and presentation, DNA replication, and DDR-related pathways were significantly upregulated in patients with FAT mutations. Collectively, FAT mutations significantly improved the survival of patients with STAD by enhancing tumor immunogenicity (e.g., TMB and DDR mutations) and an inflamed TME, indicating that the FAT family might be a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Cui
- GenePlus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Pansong Li
- GenePlus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Trial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Wang,
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3
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Integrated analysis of 14 lymphoma datasets revealed high expression of CXCL14 promotes cell migration in mantle cell lymphoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3446-3463. [PMID: 35452413 PMCID: PMC9085238 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is accompanied by the impairment of multiple immune functions. Cytokines play an important role in a variety of immune-related functions and affect the tumor microenvironment. However, the exact regulatory mechanisms between them remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the cytokines expression and function in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We performed a transcriptome integration analysis of 14 lymphoma datasets including 240 Hodgkin's lymphoma, 891 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 216 mantle cell lymphoma, and 64 health samples. The results showed that multiple immune functions and signal pathway damage were shared by all three types of lymphoma, and these functions were related to cytokines. Furthermore, through co-expression network and functional interaction network analysis, we identified CXCL14 as a key regulator and it affects cell chemotaxis and migration functions. The functional experiment showed that CXCL14 knockdown inhibited cell migration in MCL cell lines. This study suggested that high expression of CXCL14 may aggravate MCL via promoting cell migration. Our findings provide novel insights into the biology of this disease and would be helpful for the pathogenesis study and drug discovery of lymphomas.
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Dobroch J, Bojczuk K, Kołakowski A, Baczewska M, Knapp P. The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072041. [PMID: 35408440 PMCID: PMC9000631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent female malignancies. Because of a characteristic symptom, vaginal bleeding, EC is often diagnosed in an early stage. Despite that, some EC cases present an atypical course with rapid progression and poor prognosis. There have been multiple studies conducted on molecular profiling of EC in order to improve diagnostics and introduce personalized treatment. Chemokines—a protein family that contributes to inflammatory processes that may promote carcinogenesis—constitute an area of interest. Some chemokines and their receptors present alterations in expression in tumor microenvironment. CXCL12, which binds the receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, is known for its impact on neoplastic cell proliferation, neovascularization and promotion of epidermal–mesenchymal transition. The CCL2–CCR2 axis additionally plays a pivotal role in EC with mutations in the LKB1 gene and activates tumor-associated macrophages. CCL20 and CCR6 are influenced by the RANK/RANKL pathway and alter the function of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Another axis, CXCL10–CXCR3, affects the function of NK-cells and, interestingly, presents different roles in various types of tumors. This review article consists of analysis of studies that included the roles of the aforementioned chemokines in EC pathogenesis. Alterations in chemokine expression are described, and possible applications of drugs targeting chemokines are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dobroch
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-662735369
| | - Klaudia Bojczuk
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Adrian Kołakowski
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Marta Baczewska
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Knapp
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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5
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López-Ozuna VM, Kogan L, Hachim MY, Matanes E, Hachim IY, Mitric C, Kiow LLC, Lau S, Salvador S, Yasmeen A, Gotlieb WH. Identification of Predictive Biomarkers for Lymph Node Involvement in Obese Women With Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695404. [PMID: 34307159 PMCID: PMC8292832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, an established risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC), is also associated to increased risks of intraoperative and postoperative complications. A reliable tool to identify patients at low risk for lymph node (LN) metastasis may allow minimizing the surgical staging and omit lymphadenectomy in obese patients. To identify molecular biomarkers that could predict LN involvement in obese patients with EC we performed gene expression analysis in 549 EC patients using publicly available transcriptomic datasets. Patients were filtrated according to cancer subtype, weight (>30 kg/m2) and LN status. While in the LN+ group, NEB, ANK1, AMIGO2, LZTS1, FKBP5, CHGA, USP32P1, CLIC6, CEMIP, HMCN1 and TNFRSF10C genes were highly expressed; in the LN- group CXCL14, FCN1, EPHX3, DDX11L2, TMEM254, RNF207, LTK, RPL36A, HGAL, B4GALNT4, KLRG1 genes were up-regulated. As a second step, we investigated these genes in our patient cohort of 35 patients (15 LN+ and 20 LN-) and found the same correlation with the in-silico analysis. In addition, immunohistochemical expression was confirmed in the tumor tissue. Altogether, our findings propose a novel panel of genes able to predict LN involvement in obese patients with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M López-Ozuna
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liron Kogan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, affiliated with Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emad Matanes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cristina Mitric
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lauren Liu Chen Kiow
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Susie Lau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shannon Salvador
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Haleem Al-Qaim Z, Markov A, Valerievich Yumashev A, Ezzatifar F, Ahmadi M, Mohammad Gheibihayat S, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Chemokine CXCL14; a double-edged sword in cancer development. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107681. [PMID: 33932697 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and imposes a substantial financial burden. Therefore, it is essential to develop cost-effective approaches to inhibit tumor growth and development. The imbalance of cytokines and chemokines play an important role among different mechanisms involved in cancer development. One of the strongly conserved chemokines that is constitutively expressed in skin epithelia is the chemokine CXCL14. As a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines, CXCL14 is responsible for the infiltration of immune cells, maturation of dendritic cells, upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I expression, and cell mobilization. Moreover, dysregulation of CXCL14 in several cancers has been identified by several studies. Depending on the type or origin of the tumor and components of the tumor microenvironment, CXCL14 plays a conflicting role in cancer. Although fibroblast-derived CXCL14 has a tumor-supportive role, epithelial-derived CXCL14 mainly inhibits tumor progression. Hence, this review will elucidate what is known on the mechanisms of CXCL14 and its therapeutic approaches in tumor treatment. CXCL14 is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexei Valerievich Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fatemeh Ezzatifar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Casas-Arozamena C, Abal M. Endometrial Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1296:215-225. [PMID: 34185295 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological tumour in developed countries, and its incidence is increasing in part due to the prevalence of obesity and its related hormone dysregulation. As described in this chapter, the tumour microenvironment plays a principal role in unopposed oestrogen stimulation promoting tumour cell proliferation. Factors and cytokines secreted by the different cell types defining the reactive tumour stroma also determine the invasive abilities of the tumour cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumour-associated macrophages actively participate through SDF-1, TGF-b or HGF to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or to generate an appropriate tumour niche. Likewise, endothelial cells facilitate lymph node and vascular infiltration through VEGF. Finally, the possibility to balance the immunosuppressive phenotypes in advanced endometrial cancer through the tumour microenvironment will probably represent a main therapeutic strategy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Casas-Arozamena
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Krikun G. The CXL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in female reproductive tract disease: Review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13028. [PMID: 30106199 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial studies on the chemokine stromal derived factor 1 (now referred to as CXCL12) were proposed to be enhanced in several diseases including those which affect the female reproductive tract. These include endometriosis, Asherman's syndrome, endometrial cancers, and ovarian cancers. Additionally, recent studies from our laboratory suggest that CXCL12 signaling is involved in leiomyomas (fibroids). These diseases present an inflammatory/hypoxic environment which further promotes pathology. At first, studies focused on signaling by CXCL12 via its well-known receptor, CXCR4. However, the discovery of CXCR7 as another receptor for CXCL12 with rather high binding affinity and recent reports about its involvement in endometrial disease and cancer progression has questioned the potential of "selective blockade"' of CXCR4 to treat these ailments. This review will focus on the signaling and effects of the potent chemokine CXCL12, and its long-known G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4, as well as the alternate receptor CXCR7 on the female reproductive tract and related diseases such as endometriosis, Asherman's syndrome, leiomyomas, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. Although several other mechanisms are inherent to these diseases such as gene mutations, differential expression of miRNAs and epigenetics, for this review, we will focus on the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis as a novel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Krikun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Zinovkin DA, Pranjol MZI, Bilsky IA, Zmushko VA. Tumor-Associated T-Lymphocytes and Macrophages are Decreased in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma with MELF-Pattern Stromal Changes. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2018; 11:107-114. [PMID: 30008066 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-0213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microcystic, elongated, fragmented (MELF)-pattern is an unusual morphology of myometrial invasive front in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EA). The aim of the study was to investigate potential correlation between MELF-pattern and peritumoral inflammatory immune response. A total of 96 out of 368 patients were included in this study. CD3, CD20, CD57. CD68 and S100 markers were used for the detection of tumor-associated T-lymphocytes (TAT), tumor-associated B-lymphocytes (TAB), tumor-associated NK-lymphocytes (NK), tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells respectively. Mann-Whitney tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and Spearman correlation were used as methods for statistical analyses. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was determined with the use of a logistic regression model. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Our results suggested that the number of CD3 and CD68 cells were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in cases of endometrioid carcinoma with MELF-pattern. A significant correlation between the presence of MELF-pattern and decrease of CD3 positive T-lymphocytes (r = 0.691; p < 0.001) was also observed. Additionally, we found an inverse correlation between the presence of MELF-pattern and TAM (r = 0.568; p = 0.001). Therefore, our data suggest that MELF-pattern may be associated with EA stroma fibrosis that contains immune cells infiltration and demonstrated a decrease in the number of TAT and TAM cells. This may indicate the poor clinical prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Zahidul Islam Pranjol
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Il'ya Andreevich Bilsky
- Department of Pathology, Gomel State Medical University, Lange str. 5, Gomel, 246029, Republic of Belarus
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Tresserra F, Pascual MÁ, Arenas M, Blancafort C, Martínez-Lanao MÁ, Rodríguez I, Fábregas R. [MELF pattern in myometrial infiltration in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A retrospective study of 70 cases]. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA : PUBLICACIÓN OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE ANATOMÍA PATOLÓGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE CITOLOGÍA 2018; 51:77-83. [PMID: 29602378 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (EAE) usually has a favorable prognosis. Recently, the MELF (microcystic, elongated and fragmented) pattern of myometrial infiltration has been described. It is associated with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. Seventy cases of EAE were reviewed to identify the presence of MELF and its correlation with other prognostic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hysterectomies performed for EAE during a 5-year period were reviewed, searching for MELF pattern. Its presence was correlated with other variables such as histological grade, depth of myometrial infiltration, pelvic and/or aortic lymph node metastasis, peritoneal implants and evolution. RESULTS In 17 (24%) cases MELF pattern was detected. It was more frequent in low grade tumors; it was present in four grade 3 cases. In 9 (53%) cases there was deep myometrial infiltration. Five cases had lymph node metastasis in the pelvis and three in the para-aortic region. One of the patients died, another presented a vulvar recurrence and another pulmonary metastasis. CONCLUSION MELF pattern can be seen in high grade EAE and correlates with deep myometrial infiltration and pelvic lymph node metastasis. Its presence does not seem to influence survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tresserra
- Comité de Mastología y Ginecología Oncológica, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, España.
| | - María Ángela Pascual
- Comité de Mastología y Ginecología Oncológica, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, España
| | - Mireia Arenas
- Comité de Mastología y Ginecología Oncológica, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, España
| | - Claudia Blancafort
- Comité de Mastología y Ginecología Oncológica, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, España
| | - María Ángeles Martínez-Lanao
- Comité de Mastología y Ginecología Oncológica, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, España
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez
- Comité de Mastología y Ginecología Oncológica, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, España
| | - Rafa Fábregas
- Comité de Mastología y Ginecología Oncológica, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, España
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