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Qin H, Rui J, Lao J. Heme oxygenase-1 therapy attenuates muscle atrophy following global brachial plexus avulsion in juvenile rats. Muscle Nerve 2023; 68:789-797. [PMID: 37698285 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Brachial plexus injury can seriously affect distal target muscle function, and long-term denervation leads to irreversible structural damage. In the present study, we examined the effect of hemin, a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer, on intrinsic forepaw muscle atrophy induced by pan-plexus injury in juvenile rats, as well as its underlying mechanism. METHODS A global brachial plexus avulsion (GBPA) model of rat was established, and thirty 6-wk-old male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, GBPA plus scramble small intering RNA (siRNA), GBPA plus scramble siRNA plus hemin, GBPA plus HO-1 siRNA, and GBPA plus HO-1 siRNA plus hemin. Hemin (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once daily and the siRNA (5 μg) was injected intramuscularly twice a week. Intrinsic forepaw muscles were used for analysis. Myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA), capillary-to-fiber ratio (C/F), and fiber-type composition were assessed. The levels of inflammatory factors, ubiquitin-protein ligases, and autophagy-related proteins were also measured. RESULTS We found that hemin treatment could effectively ameliorate denervated intrinsic forepaw muscle atrophy and suppress type I to II myofiber-type conversion. Hemin treatment failed to prevent muscle capillary loss after denervation. The levels of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]), ubiquitin-protein ligases (MuRF-1 and MAFbx), and autophagy-related proteins (BNIP3 and LC3B-II/I ratio) were increased by denervation and HO-1 therapy attenuated the increment. DISCUSSION Upregulation of HO-1 might potentially be an effective strategy to alleviate denervation-related muscle atrophy and might be a promising adjunctive treatment to improve hand function in children with pan-plexus injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiu Qin
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Hand Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Rui
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Hand Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Hand Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiang YK, Li JA, Wei WF, Shi MP, Wang YB, Jia GL. The effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) conduit loading insulin-like growth factor 1 modified by a collagen-binding domain on peripheral nerve injury in rats. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2100-2109. [PMID: 35441415 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) exists widely and seriously affects patients' daily lives. However, the effect of nerve repair is still limited, and only 50% of patients can recover useful functions. To overcome these obstacles, collagen-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) conduits loaded with CBD-IGF-1 were designed and tested in vitro and in vivo. The physical characterization of the conduit was tested by scanning electron microscopy, and the static water contact angle, release rate, and nerve regeneration ability of the conduit were verified in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. The results showed that the PLGA/col/CBD-IGF-1 conduit had a rough surface and good hydrophilicity. CBD-IGF-1 could be released slowly from the PLGA/col/CBD-IGF-1 conduit. In the in vivo experiment, gait analysis and electrophysiological evaluation showed that the sciatic functional index and electrophysiological parameters were best in the group treated with the PLGA/col/CBD-IGF-1 conduit. The pathological examination results for the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle in the group treated with the PLGA/col/CBD-IGF-1 conduit were better than those in the other three groups. In short, this study demonstrated the beneficial effects of CBD-IGF-1 in nerve regeneration. The PLGA/col/CBD-IGF-1 conduit has therapeutic potential for use in the treatment of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Kun Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian An Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wan Fu Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Peng Shi
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guo Liang Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Lemaitre D, Hurtado ML, De Gregorio C, Oñate M, Martínez G, Catenaccio A, Wishart TM, Court FA. Collateral Sprouting of Peripheral Sensory Neurons Exhibits a Unique Transcriptomic Profile. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4232-4249. [PMID: 32696431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries result in motor and sensory dysfunction which can be recovered by compensatory or regenerative processes. In situations where axonal regeneration of injured neurons is hampered, compensation by collateral sprouting from uninjured neurons contributes to target reinnervation and functional recovery. Interestingly, this process of collateral sprouting from uninjured neurons has been associated with the activation of growth-associated programs triggered by Wallerian degeneration. Nevertheless, the molecular alterations at the transcriptomic level associated with these compensatory growth mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. We generated a surgical model of partial sciatic nerve injury in mice to mechanistically study degeneration-induced collateral sprouting from spared fibers in the peripheral nervous system. Using next-generation sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we described the sprouting-associated transcriptome of uninjured sensory neurons and compare it with the activated by regenerating neurons. In vitro approaches were used to functionally assess sprouting gene candidates in the mechanisms of axonal growth. Using a novel animal model, we provide the first description of the sprouting transcriptome observed in uninjured sensory neurons after nerve injury. This collateral sprouting-associated transcriptome differs from that seen in regenerating neurons, suggesting a molecular program distinct from axonal growth. We further demonstrate that genetic upregulation of novel sprouting-associated genes activates a specific growth program in vitro, leading to increased neuronal branching. These results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with collateral sprouting in vivo. The data provided here will therefore be instrumental in developing therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting functional recovery after injury to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lemaitre
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cristian De Gregorio
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maritza Oñate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO) Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Catenaccio
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Felipe A Court
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO) Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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Hashimoto K, Matsumine H, Osaki H, Ueta Y, Kamei W, Shimizu M, Fujii K, Niimi Y, Miyata M, Sakurai H. Prevention of denervated muscle atrophy with accelerated nerve-regeneration by babysitter procedure in rat facial nerve paralysis model. Microsurgery 2020; 41:61-69. [PMID: 32233044 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The "babysitter" procedure is a reconstruction technique for facial nerve complete paralysis and uses the movement source from the healthy facial nerve with a cross-nerve graft. First, an end-to-side neurorrhaphy is performed between the affected facial nerve trunk and hypoglossal nerve for continuously delivering stimuli to the mimetic muscles for preventing the atrophy of mimetic muscles. Despite favorable clinical results, histological and physiological mechanisms remain unknown. This study attempted to establish a model for the "babysitter" procedure and find its efficacy in rats with facial nerve complete paralysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 Lewis rats were used and divided into 2 groups; cross nerve graft (n = 8) and babysitter groups (n = 8). The facial nerve trunk was transected in both groups. Babysitter group underwent a two-stage procedure. Cross nerve graft group underwent only the transfer of nerve graft from the healthy side to affected side. The animals were assessed physiologically by compound muscle action potential (CMAP), and the regenerated nerve tissues were evaluated histopathologically at 13 weeks after surgery. RESULTS Facial nucleus stained with retrograde tracers proved the re-innervation of affected facial muscle by the babysitter procedure. In CMAP, the amplitude of babysitter group was significantly higher than that of the cross-facial nerve graft group (p < .05). Histological examination found a significant difference in myelin g-ratio between two groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION This study investigated the "babysitter" procedure for rat facial nerve palsy. Babysitter procedure shortened the denervation period without mimic muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsumine
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Osaki
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Fujii
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyata
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou S, Wu M, Chen G, Tremp M, Kalbermatten D, Wang W, Wang W. Effects of repeated transection and coaptation of peripheral nerves on axonal regeneration and motoneuron survival. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72:1326-1333. [PMID: 31085126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Salvage procedures for facial reanimation can involve a second neurorrhaphy operation. It remains unclear whether reuse of the original donor nerve in the salvage procedure remains likely to produce successful outcome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated transection and coaptation of a nerve on axonal regrowth and motoneuron survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sciatic nerves of Sprague Dawley rats were transected and microsutured once (the one-time group) or repeatedly at eight-week intervals (the repeated group), and the animals remained alive for eight weeks before sacrifice. The gastrocnemius muscle was weighed, and muscle fiber diameter was measured with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Axonal count of the distal nerve stump was calculated by toluidine blue staining. Myelin thickness and axonal diameter were analyzed by transmission electronic microscopy. Finally, motoneurons were retrogradely traced to the spinal cord using Fluoro-Gold. RESULTS Repeated coaptation of nerves resulted in significant decreases of the wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius and muscle fiber diameter. The axonal counts and myelin thicknesses of the distal stumps were comparable between the groups, whereas axonal diameter was significantly smaller after repeated injury. Additionally, retrograde tracing demonstrated significantly less motoneurons in the L4-L6 spinal segments of the repeatedly injured animals than that of the one-time group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with one-time nerve injury, repetitive transection and coaptation of nerves resulted in compromised axonal regeneration, motoneuron survival, and target muscle recovery. It is possible that the final functional outcome could also be compromised, and the patients should be counseled accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizheng Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Mathias Tremp
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Kalbermatten
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO. 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Leite APS, Pinto CG, Tibúrcio FC, Sartori AA, de Castro Rodrigues A, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS, Filadelpho AL, Matheus SMM. Heterologous fibrin sealant potentiates axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury with reduction in the number of suture points. Injury 2019; 50:834-847. [PMID: 30922661 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of suture associated with heterologous fibrin sealant has been highlighted for reconstruction after peripheral nerve injury, having the advantage of being safe for clinical use. In this study we compared the use of this sealant associated with reduced number of stitches with conventional suture after ischiatic nerve injury. 36 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (C), Denervated (D), ischiatic nerve neurotmesis (6 mm gap); Suture (S), epineural anastomosis after 7 days from neurotmesis, Suture + Fibrin Sealant (SFS), anastomosis with only one suture point associated with Fibrin Sealant. Catwalk, electromyography, ischiatic and tibial nerve, soleus muscle morphological and morphometric analyses were performed. The amplitude and latency values of the Suture and Suture + Fibrin Sealant groups were similar and indicative of nerve regeneration.The ischiatic nerve morphometric analysis in the Suture + Fibrin Sealant showed superior values related to axons and nerve fibers area and diameter when compared to Suture group. In the Suture and Suture + Fibrin Sealant groups, there was an increase in muscle weight and in fast fibers frequency, it was a decrease in the percentage of collagen compared to group Denervated and in the neuromuscular junctions, the synaptic boutons were reestablished.The results suggest a protective effect at the lesion site caused by the fibrin sealant use. The stitches reduction minimizes the trauma caused by the needle and it accelerates the surgical practice. So the heterologous fibrin sealant use in nerve reconstruction should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silveira Leite
- Graduate Program on the General Bases of Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Anatomy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Travessa da Rua Prof. Dr. Gilberti Moreno São Paulo, 18618-689, Botucatu, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Travessa da Rua Prof. Dr. Gilberti Moreno São Paulo, 18618-689, Botucatu, Brazil.
| | - Carina Guidi Pinto
- Graduate Program on the General Bases of Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Anatomy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Travessa da Rua Prof. Dr. Gilberti Moreno São Paulo, 18618-689, Botucatu, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Travessa da Rua Prof. Dr. Gilberti Moreno São Paulo, 18618-689, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cantore Tibúrcio
- Department of Anatomy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Travessa da Rua Prof. Dr. Gilberti Moreno São Paulo, 18618-689, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Arthur Alves Sartori
- Department of Anatomy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Travessa da Rua Prof. Dr. Gilberti Moreno São Paulo, 18618-689, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Barraviera
- The Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- The Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luis Filadelpho
- Department of Anatomy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Travessa da Rua Prof. Dr. Gilberti Moreno São Paulo, 18618-689, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Selma Maria Michelin Matheus
- Department of Anatomy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Travessa da Rua Prof. Dr. Gilberti Moreno São Paulo, 18618-689, Botucatu, Brazil
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Colonna MR, Pino D, Battiston B, d'Alcontres FS, Natsis K, Bassetto F, Papadopulos NA, Tiengo C, Geuna S. Distal nerve transfer from the median nerve lumbrical fibers to the distal ulnar nerve motor branches in the palm: An anatomical cadaveric study. Microsurgery 2018; 39:434-440. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.30402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele R. Colonna
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult, The Child and the AdolescentUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Davide Pino
- Comprensorio Sanitario di BolzanoPlastic Surgery Bolzano Italy
| | - Bruno Battiston
- Department of TraumatologyAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Turin Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Natsis
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical AnatomyAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Padua University HospitalClinic of Plastic Surgery Padua Italy
| | - Nikolaos A. Papadopulos
- Alexandroupoli University General Hospital, Department of Plastic Surgery and BurnsDemocritus University of Thrace Alexandroupoli Greece
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Padua University HospitalClinic of Plastic Surgery Padua Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- University of Turin School of MedicineClinical & Biological Sciences Turin Italy
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Efficacy and Safety of the Babysitter Procedure With Different Percentages of Partial Neurectomy. Ann Plast Surg 2017; 79:286-292. [PMID: 28570458 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After 2 months of denervation, the number of motor units in the muscle decreases; after 6 months of denervation, muscle atrophy and weakness are irreversible and successful nerve reconstruction does not generally restore function. The babysitter procedure was reported to successfully avoid muscle atrophy. One study found that the babysitter procedure with a 40% neurectomy was most suitable; however, the amount of donor nerve that can be borrowed for the babysitter procedure in peripheral nerve injury is unknown. METHOD One hundred adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups (groups A-E; n = 20 each). The rats underwent different surgeries based on their grouping. At 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks after surgery, 5 rats in each group were selected for electrophysiology and muscle force tests. These rats were then killed, and the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were harvested for weight measurement and cross-sectional muscle measurement. RESULT The results of the effects on the peroneal nerves and tibialis anterior muscles after the babysitter procedure with 40% and 80% neurectomies showed that the functional ability of the recipient nerves was maintained and the muscle was effectively prevented from atrophy, whereas the 20% neurectomy and end-to-side procedures showed relatively poor performance. The results of the effects on the tibial nerve and gastrocnemius muscles after the babysitter procedure with 20% and 40% neurectomies showed that there was little effect on the donor nerve. By contrast, 80% neurectomy strongly and negatively affected the donor nerve. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the babysitter procedure using a donor nerve with a partial neurectomy of 40% was the best choice for effectively treating peripheral (peroneal) nerve injury in rats.
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Geuna S, Papalia I, Ronchi G, d'Alcontres FS, Natsis K, Papadopulos NA, Colonna MR. The reasons for end-to-side coaptation: how does lateral axon sprouting work? Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:529-533. [PMID: 28553322 PMCID: PMC5436340 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.205081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve fibers are attracted by sutureless end-to-side nerve coaptation into the recipient nerve. Opening a window in the epineurium enhances axon attraction and myelination. The authors analyze the features of nerve repair by end-to-side coaptation. They highlight the known mechanisms of axon sprouting and different hypotheses of start up signals (presence or absence of an epineurial window, role of Schwann cells, signaling from the distal trunk). The clinical literature is also presented and differences between experimental and clinical applications are pointed out. The authors propose their point of view and perspectives deriving from recent experimental and clinical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Igor Papalia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Stagno d'Alcontres
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adults, the Children and the Adolescents, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Natsis
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristoteles University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A Papadopulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Alexandroupoli University General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Michele R Colonna
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adults, the Children and the Adolescents, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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