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Finn M, Walsh A, Rafter N, Mellon L, Chong HY, Naji A, O'Brien N, Williams DJ, McCarthy SE. Effect of interventions to improve safety culture on healthcare workers in hospital settings: a systematic review of the international literature. BMJ Open Qual 2024; 13:e002506. [PMID: 38719514 PMCID: PMC11086522 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an era of safety systems, hospital interventions to build a culture of safety deliver organisational learning methodologies for staff. Their benefits to hospital staff are unknown. We examined the literature for evidence of staff outcomes. Research questions were: (1) how is safety culture defined in studies with interventions that aim to enhance it?; (2) what effects do interventions to improve safety culture have on hospital staff?; (3) what intervention features explain these effects? and (4) what staff outcomes and experiences are identified? METHODS AND ANALYSIS We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review of published literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Health Business Elite and Scopus. We adopted a convergent approach to synthesis and integration. Identified intervention and staff outcomes were categorised thematically and combined with available data on measures and effects. RESULTS We identified 42 articles for inclusion. Safety culture outcomes were most prominent under the themes of leadership and teamwork. Specific benefits for staff included increased stress recognition and job satisfaction, reduced emotional exhaustion, burnout and turnover, and improvements to working conditions. Effects were documented for interventions with longer time scales, strong institutional support and comprehensive theory-informed designs situated within specific units. DISCUSSION This review contributes to international evidence on how interventions to improve safety culture may benefit hospital staff and how they can be designed and implemented. A focus on staff outcomes includes staff perceptions and behaviours as part of a safety culture and staff experiences resulting from a safety culture. The results generated by a small number of articles varied in quality and effect, and the review focused only on hospital staff. There is merit in using the concept of safety culture as a lens to understand staff experience in a complex healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Finn
- Graduate School of Healthcare Management, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Walsh
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natasha Rafter
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Mellon
- Department of Health Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hui Yi Chong
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abdullah Naji
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall O'Brien
- Library Services, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Williams
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Eithne McCarthy
- Graduate School of Healthcare Management, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Huang CH, Wu HH, Lee YC, Li X. The Critical Role of Leadership in Patient Safety Culture: A Mediation Analysis of Management Influence on Safety Factors. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:513-523. [PMID: 38476201 PMCID: PMC10929255 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s446651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This research aims to investigate the role of management leadership in promoting a culture of patient safety within healthcare organizations. Through a comprehensive mediation analysis of the Chinese version of the safety attitudes questionnaire (CSAQ) and patient safety culture, the study examines the interplay between these critical factors and their combined influence on healthcare outcomes. Patients and Methods In a medical center located in Taiwan, a cross-sectional survey was carried out utilizing the CSAQ. Among the 1500 distributed surveys, 1037 were returned and deemed valid, resulting in a return rate of 69.13%. To investigate the main measures, Structural Equation Modeling with mediation analysis was employed to scrutinize the direct and indirect effects of factors including teamwork climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition, perceptions of management, working conditions, and emotional exhaustion on safety climate. Results The findings reveal that effective management leadership plays a pivotal role in shaping safety attitudes and fostering a robust patient safety culture. The study identifies three critical facets of patient safety that are entirely mediated by management perceptions: teamwork climate, working conditions, and stress recognition. The results highlight the importance of enhancing these dimensions to advance the patient safety culture within healthcare organizations. Moreover, stress recognition is identified as a critical factor influencing the organizational culture of patient safety. Conclusion This research offers valuable insights for healthcare organizations seeking to prioritize patient safety and improve overall quality of care. By enhancing our understanding of the critical factors that shape safety attitudes and patient safety culture, this study provides a roadmap for effective management leadership and a culture of patient safety within healthcare organizations. The study underscores the significance of management leadership in promoting patient safety culture and highlights the importance of enhancing teamwork climate, working conditions, and stress recognition to advance patient safety culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsuan Huang
- Business School, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan City, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Enterprise Culture Research Center, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Hubei Logistics Development, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Hung Wu
- Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan
- Faculty of Education, State University of Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yii-Ching Lee
- Department of Health Business Administration, Hung Kuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Xiumei Li
- Business School, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan City, People's Republic of China
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Bethune RM, Ball S, Doran N, Harris M, Medina-Lara A, Fornasiero M, Hill M, Lang I, McGregor-Harper J, Sheaff R. How Safety Culture Surveys Influence the Quality and Safety of Healthcare Organisations. Cureus 2023; 15:e44603. [PMID: 37795070 PMCID: PMC10546949 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Safety culture surveys have been widely used in healthcare for more than two decades predominantly as a tool for measuring the level of safety culture (as defined as the beliefs and attitudes that staff express about how their organisation ought to work and how it does in fact work). However, there is the potential for the survey process itself to influence the safety culture and working practices in departments and organisations. The objective of this study was to identify the mechanism by which these changes might occur. Design, setting and participants Mixed methods combining qualitative semi-structured interviews and quantitative scores from patient safety surveys. This evaluation was conducted across general practice, community and acute hospitals in two NHS regions in England; South West and Greater Manchester. The study was undertaken between 2015 and 2018 during the implementation of a series of Patient Safety Collaboratives. Safety, Communication, Operational Reliability, and Engagement (SCORE) surveys were administered in 15 units, followed by a staff debriefing and a second SCORE survey. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians (n=61). Results from the first and second surveys were compared in order to test for differences in responses. Sixty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted across participating units and thematically analysed. Analysis and results Results from the first and second surveys were compared using chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Sixty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted across participating units and thematically analysed. There was little change in responses between the first and second SCORE surveys. Within general practice there was some improvement in responses in three survey domains; however, these differences were not conclusive. The qualitative interview data demonstrated a beneficial effect on safety culture. Staff stated that the survey debriefings created a new safe space where problems could be discussed and improvement plans created. Conclusions Safety culture surveys can improve safety culture within departments if they are followed by a process that includes debriefing the staff and working with them to develop improvement plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob M Bethune
- Colorectal Surgery, Royal Exeter University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, GBR
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration, South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, GBR
| | - Sue Ball
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration, South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, GBR
| | - Natasha Doran
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration, South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, GBR
| | - Michael Harris
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, GBR
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, CHE
| | - Antionieta Medina-Lara
- Department of Public Health and Sports Science, Public Health Economics Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, GBR
| | - Mauro Fornasiero
- School of Law and Criminology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, GBR
| | - Matt Hill
- Anaesthesia, University Hospital Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, GBR
| | - Iain Lang
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration, South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, GBR
- Department of Health and Community Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, GBR
| | | | - Rod Sheaff
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, GBR
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Stadler C, Luger M, Schauer B, Stevoska S, Gotterbarm T, Klasan A. Failed Attempt to Recommend Noise Cancelling Headphones for Knee Arthroplasty Surgeons-Results of a Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020320. [PMID: 36837521 PMCID: PMC9965943 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Noise exposure during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been demonstrated to exceed thresholds that are deemed as over-exposure by industry noise level standards. With orthopedic surgeons being at risk of suffering from Noise Induced Hearing Loss, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the viability of the use of industry grade active noise cancelling headphones (ANCH) during TKA. Material and Methods: In this prospective pilot study, 10 TKA were performed. In five of these cases, surgeon, assistant, scrub nurse and anesthetist wore ANCH with automatic noise level dependent noise attenuation above 82 dB. A validated 14-item questionnaire was used after each case to evaluate the quality of communication, performance, teamwork and mental load. In seven cases a calibrated sound level meter was used to measure the operating theatre noise. Peak sound level (LApeak), A-weighted continuous sound level (LAeq) and A-weighted noise exposure averaged for an 8-h time-period (LEPd) were calculated. Results: There was no perceived benefit of ANCH for the surgeons (p = 0.648), assistants (p = 0.908) and scrub nurses (p = 0.251). There was an overall improvement observed by anesthetists (p = 0.001). A worse communication while wearing ANCH was reported by surgeons but not by the rest of the team. Average LApeak was 90.6 ± 3.2 dB(C), LAeq was 61.9 ± 1.0 dB(A) and LEPd was 53.2 ± 1.2 dB(A). Conclusions: Industry grade ANCH seem to provide no benefit for surgeons, assistants and scrub nurses during TKA, while anesthesiologists seem to benefit from the use of ANCH during TKA. Due to the limitations of this pilot study, further studies with larger study populations are necessary to adequately investigate the use of ANCH during TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stadler
- Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Med Campus III, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 96, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Matthias Luger
- Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Med Campus III, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 96, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Schauer
- Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Med Campus III, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 96, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Stella Stevoska
- Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Med Campus III, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 96, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Tobias Gotterbarm
- Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Med Campus III, Kepler University Hospital, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 96, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Antonio Klasan
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 96, 4040 Linz, Austria
- AUVA Trauma Hospital Styria Graz, Göstinger Str. 24, 8020 Graz, Austria
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Juhl MH, Soerensen AL, Kristensen JK, Johnsen SP, Olesen AE. Safe Medication of Elderly Through Development and Evaluation of an Intervention (SAME): Protocol for a Fully Integrated Mixed Methods Study with Co-creative Approach (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 12:e43538. [PMID: 37000508 PMCID: PMC10131653 DOI: 10.2196/43538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication safety is increasingly challenging patient safety in growing aging populations. Developing positive patient safety cultures is acknowledged as a primary goal to improve patient safety, but evidence on the interventions to do so is inconclusive. Nursing home residents are often cognitively and physically impaired and are therefore highly reliant on frontline health care providers. Thus, interventions to improve medication safety of nursing home residents through patient safety culture among providers are needed. Using cocreative partnerships, integrating knowledge of residents and their relatives, and ensuring managerial support could be beneficial. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the Safe Medication of Nursing Home Residents Through Development and Evaluation of an Intervention (SAME) study is to improve medication safety for nursing home residents through developing an intervention by gaining experiential knowledge of patient safety culture in cocreative partnerships, integrating knowledge of residents and their relatives, and ensuring managerial support. METHODS The fully integrated mixed method study will be conducted using an integrated knowledge translation approach. Patient safety culture within nursing homes will first be explored through qualitative focus groups (stage 1) including nursing home residents, their relatives, and frontline health care providers. This will inform the development of an intervention in a multidisciplinary panel (stage 2) including cocreators representing the medication management process across the health care system. Evaluation of the intervention will be done in a randomized controlled trial set at nursing homes (stage 3). The primary outcome will be changes in the mean scale score of an adapted version of the Danish "Safety Attitudes Questionnaire" (SAQ-DK) for use in nursing homes. Patient safety-related outcomes will be collected through Danish health registers to assess safety issues and effects, including medication, contacts to health care, diagnoses, and mortality. Finally, a mixed methods analysis on patient safety culture in nursing homes will be done (stage 4), integrating qualitative data (stage 1) and quantitative data (stage 3) to comprehensively understand patient safety culture as a key to medication safety. RESULTS The SAME study is ongoing. Focus groups were carried out from April 2021 to September 2021 and the workshop in September 2021. Baseline SAQ-DK data were collected in January 2022 with expected follow-up in January 2023. Final data analysis is expected in spring 2024. CONCLUSIONS The SAME study will help not only to generate evidence on interventions to improve medication safety of nursing home residents through patient safety culture but also to give insight into possible impacts of using cocreativity to guide the development. Thus, findings will address multiple gaps in evidence to guide future patient safety improvement efforts within primary care settings of political and scientific scope. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04990986; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04990986. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/43538.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Haase Juhl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ann Lykkegaard Soerensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Paaske Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Estrup Olesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Boag-Hodgson C, Duong A, Bagley L. Attitudes Toward Safety and Teamwork: Benchmarking Australian Surgeons and Nurses. J Patient Saf 2022; 18:e979-e984. [PMID: 35344522 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the safety attitudes of surgeons and nurses working in Australian operating rooms and establish a baseline of their general safety attitudes, as well as to compare the safety attitudes of surgeons and nurses working in operating room settings. METHODS A modified version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (Operating Room version) was distributed to operating room personnel across Australia via their relative colleges and unions. A total of 261 surgeons and registered nurses completed the online survey. RESULTS An above-average safety focus was reported, with participants tending to be more positive on all subscales of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (Operating Room version) than reported by previous studies, which measured those working in intensive care units, ambulatory settings, and operating rooms. Participants had the most positive attitudes toward Teamwork Climate and Job Satisfaction, and the least positive attitudes toward Perceptions of Management and Work Conditions. There were some occupational differences in attitudes toward the various aspects of safety, with surgeons having more positive attitudes toward all aspects of safety except in relation to stress recognition, compared with nurses. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a baseline of general safety attitudes for Australian surgeons and nurses against which the effectiveness of future interventions can be interpreted. The occupational differences found in this study support the notion that safety interventions should be occupationally tailored. Interventions should target individual professional groups, taking into account the specific differences within each occupation to maximize their impact and effectiveness.
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Buljac-Samardžić M, Dekker-van Doorn CM, Maynard MT. What Do We Really Know About Crew Resource Management in Healthcare?: An Umbrella Review on Crew Resource Management and Its Effectiveness. J Patient Saf 2021; 17:e929-e958. [PMID: 34852415 PMCID: PMC8612906 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to present an overview of the crew resource management (CRM) literature in healthcare. The first aim was to conduct an umbrella review on CRM literature reviews. The second aim was to conduct a new literature review that aims to address the gaps that were identified through the umbrella review. METHODS First, we conducted an umbrella review to identify all reviews that have focused on CRM within the healthcare context. This step resulted in 16 literature reviews. Second, we conducted a comprehensive literature review that resulted in 106 articles. RESULTS The 16 literature reviews showed a high level of heterogeneity, which resulted in discussing 3 ambiguities: definition, outcome, and information ambiguity. As a result of these ambiguities, a new comprehensive review of the CRM literature was conducted. This review showed that CRM seems to have a positive effect on outcomes at Kirkpatrick's level 1, 2, and 3. In contrast, whether CRM has a positive effect on level 4 outcomes and how level 4 should be measured remains undetermined. Recommendations on how to implement and embed CRM training into an organization to achieve the desired effects have not been adequately considered. CONCLUSIONS The extensive nature of this review demonstrates the popularity of CRM in healthcare, but at the same time, it highlights that research tends to be situated within certain settings, focuses on particular outcomes, and has failed to address the full scope of CRM as a team intervention and a management concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Travis Maynard
- Department of Management, College of Business, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Kumra T, Hsu YJ, Cheng TL, Marsteller JA, McGuire M, Cooper LA. The association between organizational cultural competence and teamwork climate in a network of primary care practices. Health Care Manage Rev 2021; 45:106-116. [PMID: 30045097 PMCID: PMC6345619 DOI: 10.1097/hmr.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A health system's commitment to delivering culturally competent care is essential in creating a culture of respect for patients, clinicians, and administrative staff. As the diversity of the health care workforce grows, gaining an understanding of the perspectives among different health care personnel and the value that they place on organizational cultural competence is a first step in developing more effective team environments. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine whether an association exists between perceptions of organizational cultural competence and teamwork climate among employees in a health system. METHODOLOGY/APPROACH One thousand eighty employees in a primary care network consisting of 49 ambulatory practices were surveyed on their perceptions of senior management's efforts in organizational cultural competence and teamwork climate in their own work setting using 5-point Likert scales. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between organizational cultural competence and teamwork climate. RESULTS The overall organizational response rate for the survey was 84%. Higher perception of organizational cultural competence was associated with better teamwork climate (coef. = 0.4, p <0.001) after adjusting for gender, age, years in specialty, race, and position type. The association was stronger in magnitude for support staff compared to administrators and clinicians and stronger for younger compared to older age groups. CONCLUSIONS Higher employee perceptions of organizational cultural competence are associated with better self-reported teamwork climate, and this relationship is magnified for support staff and younger employees. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Senior leaders of health systems should consider investment in cultural competence as a contributor toward team effectiveness. Specifically, organizations may help support cultural competence by committing resources to the following: developing a comprehensive plan that addresses patients' cultural needs, recruiting and retaining a diverse staff and leadership, collaborating with the community, recognizing and rewarding care that meets patients' cultural needs, and providing adequate diversity training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kumra
- Tina Kumra, MD, MPH, is Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, Maryland. E-mail: . Yea-Jen Hsu, PhD, MHA, is Assistant Scientist, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. Tina L. Cheng, MD, MPH, is Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Jill Marsteller, PhD, MPP, is Associate Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. Maura McGuire, MD, is Assistant Professor, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, Maryland. Lisa A. Cooper, MD, MPH, is Professor, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yuce TK, Yang AD, Johnson JK, Odell DD, Love R, Kreutzer L, Schlick CJR, Zambrano MI, Shan Y, O'Leary KJ, Halverson A, Bilimoria KY. Association Between Implementing Comprehensive Learning Collaborative Strategies in a Statewide Collaborative and Changes in Hospital Safety Culture. JAMA Surg 2021; 155:934-940. [PMID: 32805054 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Importance Hospital safety culture remains a critical consideration when seeking to reduce medical errors and improve quality of care. Little is known regarding whether participation in a comprehensive, multicomponent, statewide quality collaborative is associated with changes in hospital safety culture. Objective To examine whether implementation of a comprehensive, multicomponent, statewide surgical quality improvement collaborative is associated with changes in hospital safety culture. Design, Setting, and Participants In this survey study, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, a 56-item validated survey covering 6 culture domains (teamwork, safety, operating room safety, working conditions, perceptions of management, and employee engagement), was administered to a random sample of physicians, nurses, operating room staff, administrators, and leaders across Illinois hospitals to assess hospital safety culture prior to launching a new statewide quality collaborative in 2015 and then again in 2017. The final analysis included 1024 respondents from 36 diverse hospitals, including major academic, community, and rural centers, enrolled in ISQIC (Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative). Exposures Participation in a comprehensive, multicomponent statewide surgical quality improvement collaborative. Key components included enrollment in a common standardized data registry, formal quality and process improvement training, participation in collaborative-wide quality improvement projects, funding support for local projects, and guidance provided by surgeon mentors and process improvement coaches. Main Outcomes and Measures Perception of hospital safety culture. Results The overall survey response rate was 43.0% (580 of 1350 surveys) in 2015 and 39.0% (444 of 1138 surveys) in 2017 from 36 hospitals. Improvement occurred in all the overall domains, with significant improvement in teamwork climate (change, 3.9%; P = .03) and safety climate (change, 3.2%; P = .02). The largest improvements occurred in individual measures within domains, including physician-nurse collaboration (change, 7.2%; P = .004), reporting of concerns (change, 4.7%; P = .009), and reduction in communication breakdowns (change, 8.4%; P = .005). Hospitals with the lowest baseline safety culture experienced the largest improvements following collaborative implementation (change range, 11.1%-14.9% per domain; P < .05 for all). Although several hospitals experienced improvement in safety culture in 1 domain, most hospitals experienced improvement across several domains. Conclusions and Relevance This survey study found that hospital enrollment in a statewide quality improvement collaborative was associated with overall improvement in safety culture after implementing multiple learning collaborative strategies. Hospitals with the poorest baseline culture reported the greatest improvement following implementation of the collaborative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik K Yuce
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anthony D Yang
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julie K Johnson
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David D Odell
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Remi Love
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lindsey Kreutzer
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cary Jo R Schlick
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marina I Zambrano
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ying Shan
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin J O'Leary
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amy Halverson
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karl Y Bilimoria
- Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative (ISQIC), Chicago.,Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery (SOQIC), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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10
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Patient Safety Attitude of Nurses Working in Surgical Units: A Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey. J Perianesth Nurs 2020; 35:671-675. [PMID: 32682667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the attitudes of nurses working in surgical units toward patient safety. DESIGN A descriptive and cross-sectional study. METHODS The sample in this study was 207 nurses (92% of all the nurses) working in surgical units in a training and research hospital in Turkey, all of whom agreed to participate in this study between April 30 and June 25, 2019. Study data were collected using a demographic characteristics form and the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire. Number, mean, SD, percentage calculations, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and the Spearman correlation test were used to analyze the study data. FINDINGS The mean total attitude score of the nurses was 176.30 ± 26.92. Nurses who previously received training on patient safety had statistically higher attitude scores than those who did not (U = 3883.000; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Nurses working in surgical units had a positive attitude toward patient safety, and previous training on patient safety significantly improved their attitude scores. A recommendation is to conduct effective in-service training programs for patient safety in hospitals and to encourage participation by nurses in training programs such as courses and conferences that will result in attitude improvement.
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An Application of Item Response Theory to Scoring Patient Safety Culture Survey Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030854. [PMID: 32013266 PMCID: PMC7037387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patient safety culture is important in preventing medical errors. Thus, many instruments have been developed to measure it. Yet, few studies focus on the data processing step. This study, by analyzing the Chinese version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire dataset that contained 37,163 questionnaires collected in Taiwan, found critical issues related to the currently used mean scoring method: The instrument, like other popular ones, uses a 5-point Likert scale, and because it is an ordinal scale, the mean scores cannot be calculated. Instead, Item Response Theory (IRT) was applied. The construct validity was satisfactory and the item properties of the instrument were estimated from confirmatory factor analysis. The IRT-based domain scores and mean domain scores of each respondent were estimated and compared. As for resolution, the mean approach yielded only around 20 unique values on a 0 to 100 scale for each domain; the IRT method yielded at least 440 unique values. Meanwhile, IRT scores ranged widely at each unique mean score, meaning that the precision of the mean approach was less reliable. The theoretical soundness and empirical strength of IRT suggest that healthcare institutions should adopt IRT as a new scoring method, which is the core step of processing collected data.
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Tsafrir Z, Janosek-Albright K, Aoun J, Diaz-Insua M, Abd-El-Barr AER, Schiff L, Talukdar S, Menon M, Munkarah A, Theoharis E, Eisenstein D. The impact of a wireless audio system on communication in robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery: A prospective controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0220214. [PMID: 31923185 PMCID: PMC6953850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Robotic surgery presents a challenge to effective teamwork and communication in the operating theatre (OR). Our objective was to evaluate the effect of using a wireless audio headset device on communication, efficiency and patient outcome in robotic surgery. Methods and findings A prospective controlled trial of team members participating in gynecologic and urologic robotic procedures between January and March 2015. In the first phase, all surgeries were performed without headsets (control), followed by the intervention phase where all team members used the wireless headsets. Noise levels were measured during both phases. After each case, all team members evaluated the quality of communication, performance, teamwork and mental load using a validated 14-point questionnaire graded on a 1–10 scale. Higher overall scores indicated better communication and efficiency. Clinical and surgical data of all patients in the study were retrieved, analyzed and correlated with the survey results. The study included 137 procedures, yielding 843 questionnaires with an overall response rate of 89% (843/943). Self-reported communication quality was better in cases where headsets were used (113.0 ± 1.6 vs. 101.4 ± 1.6; p < .001). Use of headsets reduced the percentage of time with a noise level above 70 dB at the console (8.2% ± 0.6 vs. 5.3% ± 0.6, p < .001), but had no significant effect on length of surgery nor postoperative complications. Conclusions The use of wireless headset devices improved quality of communication between team members and reduced the peak noise level in the robotic OR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Tsafrir
- Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan medical Center, Rehovot, Affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail: ,
| | | | - Joelle Aoun
- Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Lauren Schiff
- Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Shobhana Talukdar
- Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mani Menon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Adnan Munkarah
- Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Evan Theoharis
- Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - David Eisenstein
- Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Women’s Health Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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Jeong HJ, Lee WC, Liao HH, Chu FY, Chen TJ, Wang PC. The Hospital Patient Safety Culture Survey: Reform of Analysis and Visualization Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193624. [PMID: 31569628 PMCID: PMC6801378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the topography of hospital safety culture is vital for developing, implementing, and monitoring the effectiveness of tailored safety programs. Since 2009, the Chinese version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ-C) has been introduced and administered to providers in many Taiwanese hospitals. The mean percentage of SAQ survey respondents who demonstrate attitudinal agreement within each of the SAQ domains, the percent agreement (PA) score, is used worldwide as the main parameter of safety culture surveys. However, several limitations within PA scoring have been identified. Our study sought to improve scoring methodology and develop a new graph layout for cultural topography presentation. A total of 37,163 responses to a national SAQ-C administration involving 200 Taiwan hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. To understand the central tendency and spread of safety culture scores across all participating hospitals, the median and interquartile range (IQR) of PA scores to the SAQ's teamwork domain were calculated, plotted, and named "safety culture grid." Study results denote limitations in the current PA scoring scheme, suggest SAQ analysis modification, and introduce a visualization graph layout that can provide richer information about safety culture dissemination than that available from currently utilized tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Jae Jeong
- Joint Commission of Taiwan, No. 31, Sec. 2, Sanmin Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
- The Care Quality Research Group, 174 Toegye, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24450, Korea.
| | - Wui-Chiang Lee
- Department of Medical Affairs and Planning, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou Dist., Taipei City 112, Taiwan.
- Institute of Hospital and Healthcare Administration, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei City 112, Taiwan.
| | - Hsun-Hsiang Liao
- Joint Commission of Taiwan, No. 31, Sec. 2, Sanmin Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yuan Chu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan & Su-Ao Branch, No. 386, Rongguang Rd., Yuanshan Township, Yilan County 264, Taiwan.
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Institute of Hospital and Healthcare Administration, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou Dist., Taipei City 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Rd., Beitou Dist., Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Pa-Chun Wang
- Joint Commission of Taiwan, No. 31, Sec. 2, Sanmin Rd., Banqiao Dist., New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
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Tsafrir Z, Janosek-albright K, Aoun J, Diaz-insua M, Abd-el-barr A, Schiff L, Talukdar S, Menon M, Munkarah A, Theoharis E, Eisenstein D. The Impact of a Wireless Audio System on Communication in Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery: A Prospective Controlled Trial.. [DOI: 10.1101/701078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundRobotic surgery presents a challenge to effective teamwork and communication in the operating theatre (OR). Our objective was to evaluate the effect of using a wireless audio headset device on communication, efficiency and patient outcome in robotic surgery.Methods and findingsA prospective controlled trial of team members participating in gynecologic and urologic robotic procedures between January and March 2015. In the first phase, all surgeries were performed without headsets (control), followed by the intervention phase where all team members used the wireless headsets. Noise levels were measured during both phases. After each case, all team members evaluated the quality of communication, performance, teamwork and mental load using a validated 14-point questionnaire graded on a 1-10 scale. Higher overall scores indicated better communication and efficiency. Clinical and surgical data of all patients in the study were retrieved, analyzed and correlated with the survey results.The study included 137 procedures, yielding 843 questionnaires with an overall response rate of 89% (843/943). Self-reported communication quality was better in cases where headsets were used (113.0 ± 1.6 vs. 101.4 ± 1.6; p < .001). Use of headsets reduced the percentage of time with a noise level above 70 dB at the console (8.2% ± 0.6 vs. 5.3% ± 0.6, p < .001), but had no significant effect on length of surgery nor postoperative complications.ConclusionsThe use of wireless headset devices improved quality of communication between team members and reduced the peak noise level in the robotic OR.
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Association Between Hospital Safety Culture and Surgical Outcomes in a Statewide Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative. J Am Coll Surg 2019; 229:175-183. [PMID: 30862538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "safety culture" within hospital systems is increasingly recognized as important to delivery of high-quality care. We examine the safety culture in a statewide hospital quality improvement collaborative and its associations with surgical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN A modified Safety Attitudes Questionnaire was sent to administrators, quality improvement teams, nurses, anesthesiologists, and surgeons in 49 hospitals participating in the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative in 2015. Associations between positive safety culture, as measured by percentage of positive responses on the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, and the following NSQIP 30-day adverse outcomes: hospital-level risk-adjusted morbidity, mortality, death, or serious morbidity and readmission rates. Linear regression models with hospitals clustered by system were used to assess the relationship between safety culture and patient outcomes. RESULTS Operating room safety culture scores were highest (97.7% positive) compared with the other domains, and ratings of hospital management were lowest (75.9% positive). Hospital administrators consistently had the most positive perception of the safety culture (90.5% positive) and front-line providers were less positive: physicians (85.3%), advanced practice providers (88.1%), and nurses (80%). Teamwork was rated as a strength by patient care providers (physicians 88.3%, advanced practice providers 90.2%, and nurses 82.2%), but was perceived as weakest by administrators. Higher percentage of positive Safety Attitudes Questionnaire responses was significantly associated with lower risk of postoperative morbidity (p = 0.007) and death or serious morbidity (p = 0.04). No significant association between safety culture and the risk of mortality (p = 0.23) or readmissions (p = 0.52) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Hospital safety culture can influence certain surgical patient outcomes. Improving the safety culture within a hospital can represent a previously unrecognized approach that can be leveraged to strengthen surgical quality improvement efforts at the hospital level.
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Lee TSH, Tzeng WC, Chiang HH. Impact of Coping Strategies on Nurses' Well-Being and Practice. J Nurs Scholarsh 2019; 51:195-204. [PMID: 30806038 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the mechanisms of coping strategies on nurses' psychological well-being, practice environments and safety attitudes. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the results. Five hundred clinical nurses were randomly selected from a large group of 1,500 from a medical center with 1,350 beds in Taipei, Taiwan, from July to October 2015. Self-report questionnaires were administered to measure coping strategies (Brief COPE), psychological well-being (Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale), nurses' practice environments (Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index), and safety attitudes (Safety Attitudes Questionnaire). RESULTS Of the 500 participants who gave written consent, 474 (94.8%) filled out the questionnaire. Results showed that using more approach-oriented coping strategies and fewer avoidant coping strategies was associated with greater psychological well-being. Psychological well-being was directly associated with quality of nurses' practice environments and safety attitudes. The impact of psychological well-being on safety attitudes was mediated significantly by the quality of the practice environment. The use of approach-oriented coping strategies was significantly predictive of positive psychological well-being, a good practice environment, and good safety attitudes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study found a distinct pathway for the relationships between clinical nurses' psychological well-being, practice environment, and safety attitudes. Psychological well-being in clinical nurses was higher for those with more approach-oriented coping strategies. Psychological well-being directly impacted safety attitudes, which mediated nurses' practice environments. The practical implications of the results suggest that interventions designed to promote positive psychological well-being may help improve nurses' practice environments, which, in turn, may result in better safety attitudes and nursing care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Szu-Hsien Lee
- Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chii Tzeng
- Lambda Beta, Associate Professor, School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsun Chiang
- Lambda Beta, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sokhanvar M, Kakemam E, Goodarzi N. Implementation of the surgical safety checklist in hospitals of Iran; operating room personnel's attitude, awareness and acceptance. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2018; 31:609-618. [PMID: 29954264 DOI: 10.1108/ijhcqa-03-2017-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) has improved patient safety effectively. Despite the known benefits of applying the checklist before surgery, its implementation is less than universal in practice. The purpose of this paper is to determine the operating room personnel's attitude, their awareness and knowledge of the SSC, and to evaluate staff acceptance of the SSC (including personal beliefs). Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was conducted in eight tertiary general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Some 145 operating room personnel (surgeons, anaesthetists and nurses) were selected for the study. Data collection was carried out via a validated questionnaire in three parts which included socio-demographic, attitude, awareness and acceptance. Data were then analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 statistical test. Findings Out of the 145 participants in the study, 92 per cent were aware of the existence of the SSC and 73.9 per cent of them were aware of the objectives of SSC. Overall, the attitude to SSC was positive. The attitude of surgeons was positive towards the impact of the SSC on safety and teamwork. Surgeons were significantly more sensitive to the barriers of SSC application compared to nurses and anaesthetists ( p=0.046). Among the three groups, nurses had the highest level of support for SSC ( p=0.001). Practical implications Despite high acceptance of the checklist among staff, there is still a gap in knowledge about when exactly the checklist should be used. Therefore, involvement of all surgical team members to complete the checklist process, support of senior managers, on-going education and training and consideration of the barriers to its implementation are all key areas that need to be taken into account. Originality/value This is the first research to examine the operating room personnel's attitude, awareness and acceptance about SSC in Iranian hospitals. The outcomes of this study provide documentation and possible justification for effective establishment of SSC in Iran and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Sokhanvar
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Edris Kakemam
- Iranian Centre of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Goodarzi
- Hospital Imam Khomeini, Social Security Organization, Arak, Iran
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Al-Surimi K, AlAyadi H, Salam M. Female dental students' perceptions of patient safety culture: a cross sectional study at a middle eastern setting. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:301. [PMID: 30526570 PMCID: PMC6288871 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient safety is an integral part of all health care specialties, including dentistry. Dental students are exposed to patient safety culture during their clinical training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of female students enrolled in dental degrees and dental hygiene programs towards patient safety culture and to determine its associated factors at a Middle Eastern setting. METHODS This is a cross sectional study, based on a self-administered, English language questionnaire distributed by convenience among female dental students enrolled in two major Colleges of dentistry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants had fulfilled at least one year of clinical training. Sample characteristics included the specialty and years of clinical training. Student's perception was measured using the validated Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) that consists of 36 statements, distributed over six domains. Responses were rated on a five point Likert scale and the average positive response rate (APRR) was calculated. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to determine factors significantly associated with positive perceptions. RESULTS The response rate of both student programs was 221/312(70.8%). Students of dental sciences and dental hygiene programs were 133(60.2%) and 88(39.8%) respectively. Almost 42% of students were in their 1st and 2nd years of clinical training. The APRR of: Team Work Climate domain was 54.4 ± 28.0, Safety Climate domain was 51.4 ± 29.7, Job Satisfaction domain was 64.5 ± 33.8, Stress Recognition domain was 56.2 ± 37.8, Perceived Management Support domain was 50.7 ± 37.7, and Working conditions was 55.3 ± 32.1. Female students in their 3rd and 4th year of clinical were adj.OR = 2.3[1.3-4.0] times more likely to have positive perception regarding the team work climate domain when compared to 1st and 2nd year clinical students, P = 0.005. At each of the six individual domains, the odds of having a positive perception were also significantly higher among dentistry students in comparison to dental hygiene students with a range of adj.OR 2.6-4.6. CONCLUSIONS Apparently patient safety is a concern among female dental students enrolled in dental degree and dental hygiene programs. This requires more attention from the staff, dental college's leadership/management, and faculty/students. Perception of dental students towards patient safety culture is expected to improve with the increase of clinical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Surimi
- Department of Health Systems Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesMinistry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Primary Care and Public Health Department, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Haya AlAyadi
- Division of Population and Patient Health, King’s College London Dental Institute at Guy’s, King’s College and St. Thomas Hospitals, London, UK
- Department of Community Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Salam
- Science and Technology Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, PO 22490, (Mail Code 1515), Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
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Nisbet G, Dunn S, Lincoln M, Shaw J. Development and initial validation of the interprofessional team learning profiling questionnaire. J Interprof Care 2017; 30:278-87. [PMID: 27152532 DOI: 10.3109/13561820.2016.1141188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Informal workplace interprofessional learning occurs as health professionals interact with each other as part of everyday work practice. Participation in interprofessional team meetings is a practical way to foster learning. However, a gap exists in the availability of a reliable and valid instrument that adequately captures the nuances of informal workplace interprofessional learning in this setting. The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire to measure the different components of interprofessional learning that contribute to the quality of interprofessional learning within the interprofessional team meeting. Questionnaire items were developed from a review of the literature and interviews with health professionals. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the underlying factor structure. Two hundred and eighty-five health professionals completed a 98-item questionnaire. After elimination of unreliable items, the remaining items (n = 41) loaded onto four factors named personal and professional capacity; turning words into action-"walk the talk"; the rhetoric of interprofessional learning-"talk the talk"; and inclusiveness. Internal consistency was high for all sub-scales (Cronbach's alpha 0.91, 0.87, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively). Content, construct, and concurrent validity were assessed. The instrument developed in this study indicated consistency and robust psychometric properties. Future studies that further test the psychometric properties of the questionnaire will help to establish the usefulness of this measure in establishing evidence for the perceived effectiveness of interprofessional learning in a healthcare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Nisbet
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Lidcombe , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Stewart Dunn
- b Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Michelle Lincoln
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , The University of Sydney , Lidcombe , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Joanne Shaw
- c Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group, School of Psychology , The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
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Zhao P, Li Y, Li Z, Jia P, Zhang L, Zhang M. Use of patient safety culture instruments in operating rooms: A systematic literature review. J Evid Based Med 2017; 10:145-151. [PMID: 28471047 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and qualitatively describe, in a literature review, how the instruments were used to evaluate patient safety culture in the operating rooms of published studies. METHODS Systematic searches of the literature were conducted using the major database including MEDLINE, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, and four Chinese databases including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Journals Full-text Database (CNKI) for studies published up to March 2016. We summarized and analyzed the country scope, the instrument utilized in the study, the year when the instrument was used, and fields of operating rooms. Study populations, study settings, and the time span between baseline and follow-up phase were evaluated according to the study design. RESULTS We identified 1025 references, of which 99 were obtained for full-text assessment; 47 of these studies were deemed relevant and included in the literature review. Most of the studies were from the USA. The most commonly used patient safety culture instrument was Safety Attitude Questionnaire. All identified instruments were used after 2002 and across many fields. Most included studies on patient safety culture were conducted in teaching hospitals or university hospitals. The study population in the cross-sectional studies was much more than that in the before-after studies. The time span between baseline and follow-up phase of before-after studies were almost over three months. CONCLUSION Although patient safety culture is considered important in health care and patient safety, the number of studies in which patient safety culture has been estimated using the instruments in operating rooms, is fairly small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujng Zhao
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Li
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengli Jia
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longhao Zhang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shiner B, Ronconi JM, McKnight S, Young-Xu Y, Mills PD, Watts BV. Test-retest reliability of the VA National Center for Patient Safety culture questionnaire. J Eval Clin Pract 2016; 22:985-989. [PMID: 27440380 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Patient safety culture may have a significant influence on safety processes and outcomes. Therefore, it is important to have valid tools to measure patient safety culture in order to identify potential levers for cultural change that could improve patient safety. The 65-item Department of Veterans Affairs Patient Safety Culture Survey (VA PSCS) consists of 14 dimensions and is administered biannually to VA employees. Test-retest reliability of the VA PSCS has not been established. METHODS We conducted repeated administrations of the VA PSCS among 28 VA employees. We measured intraclass correlation coefficients for each item and dimension. RESULTS Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient values were 0.7 or greater for 13 out of 14 dimensions of the VA PSCS. Employees had difficulty reliably reporting how others feel about patient safety. CONCLUSIONS In general, the VA PSCS survey showed adequate test-retest reliability. Items asking what others think or feel showed lower reliability. Further work is needed to better understand the relationship between safety culture, safety processes and safety outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Shiner
- White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, USA
| | - Julia M Ronconi
- White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, USA.,Valley Medical Group, Greenfield, USA
| | | | - Yinong Young-Xu
- VA National Center for Patient Safety, Ann Arbor, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, USA
| | - Peter D Mills
- VA National Center for Patient Safety, Ann Arbor, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, USA
| | - Bradley V Watts
- VA National Center for Patient Safety, Ann Arbor, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, USA
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Manser T, Brösterhaus M, Hammer A. You can't improve what you don't measure: Safety climate measures available in the German-speaking countries to support safety culture development in healthcare. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR EVIDENZ FORTBILDUNG UND QUALITAET IM GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2016; 114:58-71. [PMID: 27566270 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Safety climate measurement is a key input into safety culture development. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the safety climate measures that have been evaluated for their psychometric properties in a German-speaking country and to make recommendations on how to use them in quality and patient safety improvement. METHODS A systematic search strategy was implemented to obtain relevant articles. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched, and 128 abstracts were identified. After application of limits, 33 full texts were retrieved for subsequent evaluation. Studies were included on the basis of predetermined inclusion criteria and independent assessment by two reviewers. Publications were reviewed concerning healthcare setting, target group, safety culture dimensions covered and results of their psychometric evaluation. RESULTS This review identified 11 instruments for safety climate assessment in different healthcare settings (i. e. hospitals, nursing homes, primary care, dental care and community pharmacy) for which acceptable to good internal consistency was reported. We observed wide variability concerning the number of dimensions (1 to 14; in some cases including outcome dimensions) and items (9 to 128) that the instruments were comprised of. Nevertheless, consistency with regard to the thematic areas covered was rather high. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION While there is clear evidence that we can assess safety climate in healthcare, the application of safety climate measures by quality and patient safety practitioners has so far been rather limited. This review bridges this gap between research and improvement practice by highlighting the central role of safety climate assessment in a mixed methods approach to inform safety culture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Manser
- University Hospital Bonn, Institute for Patient Safety, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Antje Hammer
- University Hospital Bonn, Institute for Patient Safety, Bonn, Germany
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Lee YC, Wu HH, Hsieh WL, Weng SJ, Hsieh LP, Huang CH. Applying importance-performance analysis to patient safety culture. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2015; 28:826-40. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhcqa-03-2015-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The Sexton et al.’s (2006) safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ) has been widely used to assess staff’s attitudes towards patient safety in healthcare organizations. However, to date there have been few studies that discuss the perceptions of patient safety both from hospital staff and upper management. The purpose of this paper is to improve and to develop better strategies regarding patient safety in healthcare organizations.
Design/methodology/approach
– The Chinese version of SAQ based on the Taiwan Joint Commission on Hospital Accreditation is used to evaluate the perceptions of hospital staff. The current study then lies in applying importance-performance analysis technique to identify the major strengths and weaknesses of the safety culture.
Findings
– The results show that teamwork climate, safety climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition and working conditions are major strengths and should be maintained in order to provide a better patient safety culture. On the contrary, perceptions of management and hospital handoffs and transitions are important weaknesses and should be improved immediately.
Research limitations/implications
– The research is restricted in generalizability. The assessment of hospital staff in patient safety culture is physicians and registered nurses. It would be interesting to further evaluate other staff’s (e.g. technicians, pharmacists and others) opinions regarding patient safety culture in the hospital.
Originality/value
– Few studies have clearly evaluated the perceptions of healthcare organization management regarding patient safety culture. Healthcare managers enable to take more effective actions to improve the level of patient safety by investigating key characteristics (either strengths or weaknesses) that healthcare organizations should focus on.
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Wallin CJ, Kalman S, Sandelin A, Färnert ML, Dahlstrand U, Jylli L. Creating an environment for patient safety and teamwork training in the operating theatre: A quasi-experimental study. MEDICAL TEACHER 2015; 37:267-276. [PMID: 25180879 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2014.947927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Positive safety and a teamwork climate in the training environment may be a precursor for successful teamwork training. This pilot project aimed to implement and test whether a new interdisciplinary and team-based approach would result in a positive training climate in the operating theatre. METHOD A 3-day educational module for training the complete surgical team of specialist nursing students and residents in safe teamwork skills in an authentic operative theatre, named Co-Op, was implemented in a university hospital. Participants' (n=22) perceptions of the 'safety climate' and the 'teamwork climate', together with their 'readiness for inter-professional learning', were measured to examine if the Co-Op module produced a positive training environment compared with the perceptions of a control group (n=11) attending the conventional curriculum. RESULTS The participants' perceptions of 'safety climate' and 'teamwork climate' and their 'readiness for inter-professional learning' scores were significantly higher following the Co-Op module compared with their perceptions following the conventional curriculum, and compared with the control group's perceptions following the conventional curriculum. CONCLUSION The Co-Op module improved 'safety climate' and 'teamwork climate' in the operating theatre, which suggests that a deliberate and designed educational intervention can shape a learning environment as a model for the establishment of a safety culture.
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O'Dea A, O'Connor P, Keogh I. A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of crew resource management training in acute care domains. Postgrad Med J 2014; 90:699-708. [PMID: 25370080 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The healthcare industry has seen an increase in the adoption of team training, such as crew resource management (CRM), to improve teamwork and coordination within acute care medical teams. A meta-analysis was carried out in order to quantify the effects of CRM training on reactions, learning, behaviour and clinical care outcomes. Biases in the research evidence are identified and recommendations for training development and evaluation are presented. PUBMED, EMBASE and PsychInfo were systematically searched for all relevant papers. Peer reviewed papers published in English between January 1985 and September 2013, which present empirically based studies focusing on interventions to improve team effectiveness in acute health care domains, were included. A total of 20 CRM-type team training evaluation studies were found to fulfil the a priori criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Overall, CRM trained participants responded positively to CRM (mean score 4.25 out of a maximum of 5), the training had large effects on participants' knowledge (d=1.05), a small effect on attitudes (d=0.22) and a large effect on behaviours (d=1.25). There was insufficient evidence to support an effect on clinical care outcomes or long term impacts. The findings support the premise that CRM training can positively impact teamwork in healthcare and provide estimates of the expected effects of training. However, there is a need for greater precision in outcome assessment, improved standardisation of methods and measures, and more robust research design. Stronger evidence of effectiveness will require multi-level, multicentre, multispecialty and longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela O'Dea
- Department of General Practice, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul O'Connor
- Department of General Practice, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ivan Keogh
- Academic Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Brasaite I, Kaunonen M, Suominen T. Healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes and skills regarding patient safety: a systematic literature review. Scand J Caring Sci 2014; 29:30-50. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indre Brasaite
- School of Health Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Klaipeda University; Klaipeda Lithuania
| | - Marja Kaunonen
- School of Health Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District; Tampere Finland
| | - Tarja Suominen
- School of Health Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
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Medication errors in the intensive care unit: literature review using the SEIPS model. AACN Adv Crit Care 2014; 24:389-404. [PMID: 24153217 DOI: 10.1097/nci.0b013e3182a8b516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Medication errors in intensive care units put patients at risk for injury or death every day. Safety requires an organized and systematic approach to improving the tasks, technology, environment, and organizational culture associated with medication systems. The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model can help leaders and health care providers understand the complicated and high-risk work associated with critical care. Using this model, the author combines a human factors approach with the well-known structure-process-outcome model of quality improvement to examine research literature. The literature review reveals that human factors, including stress, high workloads, knowledge deficits, and performance deficits, are associated with medication errors. Factors contributing to medication errors are frequent interruptions, communication problems, and poor fit of health information technology to the workflow of providers. Multifaceted medication safety interventions are needed so that human factors and system problems can be addressed simultaneously.
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Verbeek-van Noord I, de Bruijne MC, Zwijnenberg NC, Jansma EP, van Dyck C, Wagner C. Does classroom-based Crew Resource Management training improve patient safety culture? A systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2014; 2:2050312114529561. [PMID: 26770720 PMCID: PMC4607184 DOI: 10.1177/2050312114529561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the evidence of the effectiveness of classroom-based Crew Resource Management training on safety culture by a systematic review of literature. METHODS Studies were identified in PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Educational Resources Information Center up to 19 December 2012. The Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews was used to assess the risk of bias in the individual studies. RESULTS In total, 22 manuscripts were included for review. Training settings, study designs, and evaluation methods varied widely. Most studies reporting only a selection of culture dimensions found mainly positive results, whereas studies reporting all safety culture dimensions of the particular survey found mixed results. On average, studies were at moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSION Evidence of the effectiveness of Crew Resource Management training in health care on safety culture is scarce and the validity of most studies is limited. The results underline the necessity of more valid study designs, preferably using triangulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Verbeek-van Noord
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine C de Bruijne
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elise P Jansma
- Medical Library, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy van Dyck
- Department of Organization Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cordula Wagner
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Medication errors in intensive care units put patients at risk for injury or death every day. Safety requires an organized and systematic approach to improving the tasks, technology, environment, and organizational culture associated with medication systems. The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model can help leaders and health care providers understand the complicated and high-risk work associated with critical care. Using this model, the author combines a human factors approach with the well-known structure-process-outcome model of quality improvement to examine research literature. The literature review reveals that human factors, including stress, high workloads, knowledge deficits, and performance deficits, are associated with medication errors. Factors contributing to medication errors are frequent interruptions, communication problems, and poor fit of health information technology to the workflow of providers. Multifaceted medication safety interventions are needed so that human factors and system problems can be addressed simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen H. Frith
- Karen H. Frith is Professor, College of Nursing, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899
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30
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Zimmermann N, Küng K, Sereika SM, Engberg S, Sexton B, Schwendimann R. Assessing the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), German language version in Swiss university hospitals--a validation study. BMC Health Serv Res 2013; 13:347. [PMID: 24016183 PMCID: PMC3846625 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving patient safety has become a major focus of clinical care and research over the past two decades. An institution's patient safety climate represents an essential component of ensuring a safe environment and thereby can be vital to the prevention of adverse events. Covering six patient safety related factors, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) is a validated and widely used instrument to measure the patient safety climate in clinical areas. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the German language version of the SAQ. METHODS A survey was carried out in two University Hospitals in Switzerland in autumn 2009 where the SAQ was distributed to a sample of 406 nurses and physicians in medical and surgical wards. Following the American Educational Research Association guidelines, we tested the questionnaire validity by levels of evidence: content validity, internal structure and relations to other variables. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine factor structure. Cronbach's alphas and inter-item correlations were calculated to examine internal consistency reliability. RESULTS A total of 319 questionnaires were completed representing an overall response rate of 78.6%. For three items, the item content validity index was <0.75. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable model fit (RMSEA = 0.045; CFI = 0.944) for the six-factor model. Additional exploratory factor analysis could not identify a better factor model. SAQ factor scores showed positive correlations with the Safety Organizing Scale (r = .56-.72). The SAQ German version showed moderate to strong internal consistency reliability indices (Cronbach alpha = .65-.83). CONCLUSIONS The German language version of the SAQ demonstrated acceptable to good psychometric properties and therefore shows promise to be a sound instrument to measure patient safety climate in Swiss hospital wards. However, the low item content validity and large number of missing responses for several items suggest that improvements and adaptations in translation are required for select items, especially within the perception of management scale. Following these revisions, psychometric properties should reassessed in a randomly selected sample and hospitals and departments prior to use in Swiss hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Zimmermann
- Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
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Taylor JA, Pandian R. A dissonant scale: stress recognition in the SAQ. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:302. [PMID: 23902850 PMCID: PMC3733616 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous analyses using the Stress Recognition subscale of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) resulted in significant effect estimates with equally opposing explanations. We suspected construct validity issues and investigated such using our own data and correlation matrices of previous published studies. Methods The correlation matrices for each of the SAQ subscales from two previous studies by Speroff and Taylor were replicated and compared. The SAS Proc Factor procedure and the PRIORS = SMC option were used to perform Common Factor Analysis. Results The correlation matrices of both studies were very similar. Teamwork, Safety Climate, Job Satisfaction, Perceptions of Management and Working Conditions were well-correlated. The correlations ranged from 0.53 to 0.76. For Stress Recognition correlations ranged from -0.15 to 0.03. Common Factor Analysis confirmed the isolation of Stress Recognition. CFA returned a strong one-factor model that explained virtually all of the communal variance. Stress Recognition loaded poorly on this factor in both instances, and the CFA indicated that 96.4-100.0% of the variance associated with Stress Recognition was unique to that subscale, and not shared with the other 5 subscales. Conclusions We conclude that the Stress Recognition subscale does not fit into the overall safety climate construct the SAQ intended to reflect. We recommend that this domain be omitted from overall safety climate scale score calculations, and clearly identified as an important yet distinct organizational construct. We suggest that this subscale be investigated for its true meaning, characterized as such, and findings conveyed to SAQ end users. We make no argument against Stress Recognition as an important organizational metric, rather we suggest that as a stand-alone construct its current packaging within the SAQ may be misleading for those intent on intervention development and evaluation in healthcare settings if they interpret Stress Recognition results as emblematic of safety climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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McLaughlin N, Winograd D, Chung HR, Van de Wiele B, Martin NA. Impact of the time-out process on safety attitude in a tertiary neurosurgical department. World Neurosurg 2013; 82:567-74. [PMID: 23891814 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In July 2011, the UCLA Health System released its current time-out process protocol used across the Health System. Numerous interventions were performed to improve checklist completion and time-out process observance. This study assessed the impact of the current protocol for the time-out on healthcare providers' safety attitude and operating room safety climate. METHODS All members involved in neurosurgical procedures in the main operating room of the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center were asked to anonymously complete an online survey on their overall perception of the time-out process. RESULTS The survey was completed by 93 of 128 members of the surgical team. Overall, 98.9% felt that performing a pre-incision time-out improves patient safety. The majority of respondents (97.8%) felt that the team member introductions helped to promote a team spirit during the case. In addition, 93.5% felt that performing a time-out helped to ensure all team members were comfortable to voice safety concerns throughout the case. All respondents felt that the attending surgeon should be present during the time-out and 76.3% felt that he/she should lead the time-out. Unanimously, it was felt that the review of anticipated critical elements by the attending surgeon was helpful to respondents' role during the case. Responses revealed that although the time-out brings the team together physically, it does not necessarily reinforce teamwork. CONCLUSION The time-out process favorably impacted team members' safety attitudes and perception as well as overall safety climate in neurosurgical ORs. Survey responses identified leadership training and teamwork training as two avenues for future improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy McLaughlin
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah Winograd
- Department of Quality Management, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and Santa Monica UCLA Medical Center & Orthopedic Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hallie R Chung
- Department of Quality Management, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and Santa Monica UCLA Medical Center & Orthopedic Hospital, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Barbara Van de Wiele
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neil A Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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van der Nelson HA, Siassakos D, Bennett J, Godfrey M, Spray L, Draycott T, Donald F. Multiprofessional Team Simulation Training, Based on an Obstetric Model, Can Improve Teamwork in Other Areas of Health Care. Am J Med Qual 2013; 29:78-82. [DOI: 10.1177/1062860613485281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liz Spray
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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Hartmann CW, Meterko M, Zhao S, Palmer JA, Berlowitz D. Validation of a novel safety climate instrument in VHA nursing homes. Med Care Res Rev 2013; 70:400-17. [PMID: 23401063 DOI: 10.1177/1077558712474349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in nursing home safety climate could lead to enhanced resident safety. Yet safety climate has been little studied in the nursing home setting, and existing safety climate instruments have significant limitations. To investigate safety climate in Veterans Health Affairs nursing homes (Community Living Centers [CLCs]), this study had two objectives: (a) to develop a resident safety climate instrument for use in CLCs and (b) to assess this instrument's psychometric properties by administering it in a sample of CLCs. Using a standard conceptual framework, the CLC Employee Survey of Attitudes about Resident Safety was developed with the aid of an expert panel and multiple rounds of cognitive interviews. It was subsequently pilot tested in a sample of CLC employees. After refinement based on the pilot results, it was administered in a sample of five CLCs, where it was found to have adequate reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Hartmann
- 1Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research, A VA Center of Excellence, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
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Watts B, Van Citters D, Shiner B, Mills P. Developing Unique Engineering Solutions to Improve Patient Safety. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.3.3.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Delgado Hurtado JJ, Jiménez X, Peñalonzo MA, Villatoro C, de Izquierdo S, Cifuentes M. Acceptance of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist among surgical personnel in hospitals in Guatemala city. BMC Health Serv Res 2012; 12:169. [PMID: 22721269 PMCID: PMC3444374 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have highlighted the effects the use of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist can have on lowering mortality and surgical complications. Implementation of the checklist is not easy and several barriers have been identified. Few studies have addressed personnel’s acceptance and attitudes toward the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist. Determining personnel’s acceptance might reflect their intention to use the checklist while their awareness and knowledge of the checklist might assess the effectiveness of the training process. Methods Through an anonymous self- responded questionnaire, general characteristics of the respondents (age, gender, profession and years spent studying or working at the hospital), knowledge of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist (awareness of existence, knowledge of objectives, knowledge of correct use), acceptance of the checklist and its implementation (including personal belief of benefits of using the checklist), current use, teamwork and safety climate appreciation were determined. Results Of the 147 surgical personnel who answered the questionnaire, 93.8% were aware of the existence of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist and 88.8% of them reported knowing its objectives. More nurses than other personnel knew the checklist had to be used before the induction of anesthesia, skin incision, and before the patient leaves the operating room. Most personnel thought using the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist is beneficial and that its implementation was a good decision. Between 73.7% and 100% of nurses in public and private hospitals, respectively, reported the checklist had been used either always or almost always in the general elective surgeries they had participated in during the current year. Conclusions Despite high acceptance of the checklist among personnel, gaps in knowledge about when the checklist should be used still exist. This can jeopardize effective implementation and correct use of the checklist in hospitals in Guatemala City. Efforts should aim to universal awareness and complete knowledge on why and how the checklist should be used.
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Factors influencing teamwork and collaboration within a tertiary medical center. World J Methodol 2012; 2:18-23. [PMID: 25237612 PMCID: PMC4145561 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v2.i2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To understand how work climate and related factors influence teamwork and collaboration in a large medical center.
METHODS: A survey of 3462 employees was conducted to generate responses to Sexton’s Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) to assess perceptions of work environment via a series of five-point, Likert-scaled questions. Path analysis was performed, using teamwork (TW) and collaboration (CO) as endogenous variables. The exogenous variables are effective communication (EC), safety culture (SC), job satisfaction (JS), work pressure (PR), and work climate (WC). The measurement instruments for the variables or summated subscales are presented. Reliability of each sub-scale are calculated. Alpha Cronbach coefficients are relatively strong: TW (0.81), CO (0.76), EC (0.70), SC (0.83), JS (0.91), WP (0.85), and WC (0.78). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for each of these constructs.
RESULTS: Path analysis enables to identify statistically significant predictors of two endogenous variables, teamwork and intra-organizational collaboration. Significant amounts of variance in perceived teamwork (R2 = 0.59) and in collaboration (R2 = 0.75) are accounted for by the predictor variables. In the initial model, safety culture is the most important predictor of perceived teamwork, with a β weight of 0.51, and work climate is the most significant predictor of collaboration, with a β weight of 0.84. After eliminating statistically insignificant causal paths and allowing correlated predictors1, the revised model shows that work climate is the only predictor positively influencing both teamwork (β = 0.26) and collaboration (β = 0.88). A relatively weak positive (β = 0.14) but statistically significant relationship exists between teamwork and collaboration when the effects of other predictors are simultaneously controlled.
CONCLUSION: Hospital executives who are interested in improving collaboration should assess the work climate to ensure that employees are operating in a setting conducive to intra-organizational collaboration.
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Improving patient safety and optimizing nursing teamwork using crew resource management techniques. J Nurs Adm 2012; 42:15-20. [PMID: 22157377 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0b013e31823c17c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This project describes the application of the "sterile cockpit rule," a crew resource management (CRM) technique, targeted to improve efficacy and safety for nursing assistants in the performance of patient care duties. BACKGROUND Crew resource management techniques have been successfully implemented in the aviation industry to improve flight safety. Application of these techniques can improve patient safety in medical settings. METHODS The Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Patient Safety conducted a CRM training program in select VA nursing units. One unit developed a novel application of the sterile cockpit rule to create protected time for certified nursing assistants (CNAs) while they collected vital signs and blood glucose data at the beginning of each shift. RESULTS The typical nursing authority structure was reversed, with senior nurses protecting CNAs from distractions. This process led to improvements in efficiency and communication among nurses, with the added benefit of increased staff morale. CONCLUSION Crew resource management techniques can be used to improve efficiency, morale, and patient safety in the healthcare setting.
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Kim KJ, Han JS, Seo MS, Jang BH, Park MM, Ham HM, Yoo MS. Relationship Between Intra-Organizational Communication Satisfaction and Safety Attitude of Nurses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.11111/jkana.2012.18.2.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ja Kim
- Education nurse, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Mi Sook Seo
- Head nurse, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bong Hee Jang
- Team Manager, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi Mi Park
- Team Manager, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyeoung Mi Ham
- Director of Nursing, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Moon Sook Yoo
- Professor, College of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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