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Alam MA, Caocci M, Ren M, Chen Z, Liu F, Khatun MS, Kolls JK, Qin X, Burdo TH. Deficiency of Caspase-1 Attenuates HIV-1-Associated Atherogenesis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12871. [PMID: 37629052 PMCID: PMC10454548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Within arterial plaque, HIV infection creates a state of inflammation and immune activation, triggering NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome, tissue damage, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Previously, we documented that caspase-1 activation in myeloid cells was linked with HIV-associated atherosclerosis in mice and people with HIV. Here, we mechanistically examined the direct effect of caspase-1 on HIV-associated atherosclerosis. Caspase-1-deficient (Casp-1-/-) mice were crossed with HIV-1 transgenic (Tg26+/-) mice with an atherogenic ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) background to create global caspase-1-deficient mice (Tg26+/-/ApoE-/-/Casp-1-/-). Caspase-1-sufficient (Tg26+/-/ApoE-/-/Casp-1+/+) mice served as the controls. Next, we created chimeric hematopoietic cell-deficient mice by reconstituting irradiated ApoE-/- mice with bone marrow cells transplanted from Tg26+/-/ApoE-/-/Casp-1-/- (BMT Casp-1-/-) or Tg26+/-/ApoE-/-/Casp-1+/+ (BMT Casp-1+/+) mice. Global caspase-1 knockout in mice suppressed plaque deposition in the thoracic aorta, serum IL-18 levels, and ex vivo foam cell formation. The deficiency of caspase-1 in hematopoietic cells resulted in reduced atherosclerotic plaque burden in the whole aorta and aortic root, which was associated with reduced macrophage infiltration. Transcriptomic analyses of peripheral mononuclear cells and splenocytes indicated that caspase-1 deficiency inhibited caspase-1 pathway-related genes. These results document the critical atherogenic role of caspase-1 in chronic HIV infection and highlight the implication of this pathway and peripheral immune activation in HIV-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afaque Alam
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Maurizio Caocci
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Mi Ren
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Fengming Liu
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- Departments of Pediatrics & Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.S.K.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Departments of Pediatrics & Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.S.K.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tricia H. Burdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
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Izadpanah A, Mudd JC, Garcia JGN, Srivastav S, Abdel-Mohsen M, Palmer C, Goldman AR, Kolls JK, Qin X, Rappaport J. SARS-CoV-2 infection dysregulates NAD metabolism. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158455. [PMID: 37457744 PMCID: PMC10344451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe COVID-19 results initially in pulmonary infection and inflammation. Symptoms can persist beyond the period of acute infection, and patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC) often exhibit a variety of symptoms weeks or months following acute phase resolution including continued pulmonary dysfunction, fatigue, and neurocognitive abnormalities. We hypothesized that dysregulated NAD metabolism contributes to these abnormalities. Methods RNAsequencing of lungs from transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 (K18-hACE2) challenged with SARS-CoV-2 revealed upregulation of NAD biosynthetic enzymes, including NAPRT1, NMNAT1, NAMPT, and IDO1 6 days post-infection. Results Our data also demonstrate increased gene expression of NAD consuming enzymes: PARP 9,10,14 and CD38. At the same time, SIRT1, a protein deacetylase (requiring NAD as a cofactor and involved in control of inflammation) is downregulated. We confirmed our findings by mining sequencing data from lungs of patients that died from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our validated findings demonstrating increased NAD turnover in SARS-CoV-2 infection suggested that modulating NAD pathways may alter disease progression and may offer therapeutic benefits. Specifically, we hypothesized that treating K18-hACE2 mice with nicotinamide riboside (NR), a potent NAD precursor, may mitigate lethality and improve recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also tested the therapeutic potential of an anti- monomeric NAMPT antibody using the same infection model. Treatment with high dose anti-NAMPT antibody resulted in significantly decreased body weight compared to control, which was mitigated by combining HD anti-NAMPT antibody with NR. We observed a significant increase in lipid metabolites, including eicosadienoic acid, oleic acid, and palmitoyl carnitine in the low dose antibody + NR group. We also observed significantly increased nicotinamide related metabolites in NR treated animals. Discussion Our data suggest that infection perturbs NAD pathways, identify novel mechanisms that may explain some pathophysiology of CoVID-19 and suggest novel strategies for both treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Izadpanah
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, United States
| | - Joseph C. Mudd
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, United States
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sudesh Srivastav
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Clovis Palmer
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, United States
| | - Aaron R. Goldman
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, United States
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, United States
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, LA, United States
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Lashgari NA, Roudsari NM, Shayan M, Niazi Shahraki F, Hosseini Y, Momtaz S, Abdolghaffari AH. IDO/Kynurenine; novel insight for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Cytokine 2023; 166:156206. [PMID: 37120946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammatory mediators such as interleukins (ILs), interferons (INF-s), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α are related to an extended chance of inflammatory diseases initiation or progression due to the over expression of the nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer of activators of transcription (STAT), nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP), toll-like receptors (TLR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. These pathways are completely interconnected. Theindoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) subset of the kynurenine (KYN) (IDO/KYN), is a metabolic inflammatory pathway involved in production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ). It has been shown that IDO/KYN actively participates in inflammatory processes and can increase the secretion of cytokines that provoke inflammatory diseases. Data were extracted from clinical and animal studies published in English between 1990-April 2022, which were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane library. IDO/KYN is completely associated with inflammatory-related pathways, thus leading to the production of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and ultimately development and progression of various inflammatory disorders. Inhibition of the IDO/KYN pathway might be a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases. Herein, we gathered data on probable interactions of the IDO/KYN pathway with induction of some inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Niazi Shahraki
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Meng Z, Hernandez R, Liu J, Gwag T, Lu W, Hsiai TK, Kaul M, Zhou T, Zhou C. HIV Protein Tat Induces Macrophage Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis Development in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:201-215. [PMID: 33459922 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HIV infection is consistently associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. HIV protein Tat, a transcriptional activator of HIV, has been shown to activate NF-κB signaling and promote inflammation in vitro. However, the atherogenic effects of HIV Tat have not been investigated in vivo. Macrophages are one of the major cell types involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. We and others have previously revealed the important role of IκB kinase β (IKKβ), a central inflammatory coordinator through activating NF-κB, in the regulation of macrophage functions and atherogenesis. This study investigated the impact of HIV Tat exposure on macrophage functions and atherogenesis. METHODS To investigate the effects of Tat on macrophage IKKβ activation and atherosclerosis development in vivo, myeloid-specific IKKβ-deficient LDLR-deficient (IKKβΔMyeLDLR-/-) mice and their control littermates (IKKβF/FLDLR-/-) were exposed to recombinant HIV protein Tat. RESULTS Exposure to Tat significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion size and plaque vulnerability in IKKβF/FLDLR-/- but not IKKβΔMyeLDLR-/- mice. Deficiency of myeloid IKKβ attenuated Tat-elicited macrophage inflammatory responses and atherosclerotic lesional inflammation in IKKβΔMyeLDLR-/- mice. Further, RNAseq analysis demonstrated that HIV protein Tat affects the expression of many atherosclerosis-related genes in vitro in an IKKβ-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal atherogenic effects of HIV protein Tat in vivo and demonstrate a pivotal role of myeloid IKKβ in Tat-driven atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Meng
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Weiwei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Kaul
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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