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Seronegative MSM at high risk of HIV-1 acquisition show an immune quiescent profile with a normal immune response against common antigens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277120. [PMID: 36480500 PMCID: PMC9731495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection still represents a major public health problem worldwide, and its vaccine remains elusive. The study of HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (HESN) brings important information about the natural resistance to HIV, allows a better understanding of the infection, and opens doors for new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Among HESN groups, there are some men who have sex with men (MSM) with high-risk sexual behaviors, who represent an adequate cohort for HESN study because of their major HIV exposure without infection. This study aimed to compare the immunological profile of Colombian seronegative MSM with different risk sexual behaviors. This study included 60 MSM at high-risk (n = 16) and low-risk (n = 44) of HIV-1 acquisition. No sex worker nor homozygous delta 32 mutation subjects were included. All participants were negative for anti-HIV-1/2 antibodies and HIV-1 proviral DNA. A higher frequency of sexual partners in the last 3 months before the study participation (median, 30 vs. 2), lifetime sexual partners (median, 1,708 vs. 26), and unprotected anal intercourse (median 12.5 vs. 2) was determined in high-risk MSM than low-risk MSM. High-risk MSM also showed a quiescent profile of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, with a significantly lower percentage of CD4+CD38+, CD4+HLADR-CD38+, CD4+Ki67+ T cells, and NKG2D+ NK cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+), a significantly higher percentage of CD4+HLADR-CD38-, and a tendency to show a higher percentage of CD8+HLADR+CD38- T cells than the low-risk group. Likewise, they showed higher mRNA levels of Serpin A1 from PBMCs. The results suggest that this MSM cohort could be HESN individuals and their resistance would be explained by a quiescent profile of T cells and NK cells and an increased Serpin A1 expression. Further study on MSM at high risk of exposure to HIV-1 is necessary to better understand the natural resistance to HIV.
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Josephson CD, Glynn S, Mathew S, Birch R, Bakkour S, Kreuziger LB, Busch MP, Chapman K, Dinardo C, Hendrickson J, Hod EA, Kelly S, Luban N, Mast A, Norris P, Custer B, Sabino E, Sachais B, Spencer BR, Stone M, Kleinman S. The Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatric (REDS-IV-P): A research program striving to improve blood donor safety and optimize transfusion outcomes across the lifespan. Transfusion 2022; 62:982-999. [PMID: 35441384 PMCID: PMC9353062 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-IV-Pediatric (REDS-IV-P) is a new iteration of prior National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) REDS programs that focus on improving transfusion recipient outcomes across the lifespan as well as the safety and availability of the blood supply. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The US program includes blood centers and hospitals (22 including 6 free-standing Children's hospitals) in four geographic regions. The Brazilian program has 5 participating hemocenters. A Center for Transfusion Laboratory Studies (CTLS) and a Data Coordinating Center (DCC) support synergistic studies and activities over the 7-year REDS-IV-P program. RESULTS The US is building a centralized, vein-to-vein (V2V) database, linking information collected from blood donors, their donations, the resulting manufactured components, and data extracts from hospital electronic medical records of transfused and non-transfused patients. Simultaneously, the Brazilian program is building a donor, donation, and component database. The databases will serve as the backbone for retrospective and prospective observational studies in transfusion epidemiology, transfusion recipient outcomes, blood component quality, and emerging blood safety issues. Special focus will be on preterm infants, patients with sickle cell disease, thalassemia or cancer, and the effect of donor biologic variability and component manufacturing on recipient outcomes. A rapid response capability to emerging safety threats has resulted in timely studies related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). CONCLUSIONS The REDS-IV-P program endeavors to improve donor-recipient-linked research with a focus on children and special populations while also maintaining the flexibility to address emerging blood safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D. Josephson
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Simone Glynn
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunitha Mathew
- Public Health and Epidemiology Practice, Westat, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Birch
- Public Health and Epidemiology Practice, Westat, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Bakkour
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen Chapman
- Public Health and Epidemiology Practice, Westat, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Carla Dinardo
- Immunohematology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao and Fundacao Pro-Sangue, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeanne Hendrickson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eldad A. Hod
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Kelly
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Naomi Luban
- Children’s Research National Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Alan Mast
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Philip Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ester Sabino
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bryan R. Spencer
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Dedham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steve Kleinman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Marchetti G, Asmuth D. Women are from venus: implications for diversified sex-based preexposure prophylaxis approaches. AIDS 2021; 35:1691-1693. [PMID: 34270492 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - David Asmuth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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4
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HIV antiretroviral therapy and prevention use in US blood donors: a new blood safety concern. Blood 2021; 136:1351-1358. [PMID: 32645148 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection are effective tools to help end the HIV epidemic. However, their use could affect HIV transfusion-transmission risk. Three different ART/PrEP prevalence analyses in blood donors were conducted. First, blood samples from HIV-positive and a comparison group of infection-nonreactive donors were tested under blind using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for ART. Second, blood donor samples from infection-nonreactive, 18- to 45-year-old, male, first-time blood donors in 6 US locations were tested for emtricitabine and tenofovir. Third, in men who have sex with men (MSM) participating in the 2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) from 5 US cities, self-reported PrEP use proximate to donation was assessed. In blind testing, no ART was detected in 300 infection-nonreactive donor samples, but in 299 HIV confirmed-infected donor samples, 46 (15.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5% to 20.0%) had evidence of ART. Of the 1494 samples tested from first-time male donors, 9 (0.6%; 95% CI, 0.03% to 1.1%) had tenofovir and emtricitabine. In the NHBS MSM survey, 27 of 591 respondents (4.8%; 95% CI, 3.2% to 6.9%) reported donating blood in 2016 or 2017 and PrEP use within the same time frame as blood donation. Persons who are HIV positive and taking ART and persons taking PrEP to prevent HIV infection are donating blood. Both situations could lead to increased risk of HIV transfusion transmission if blood screening assays are unable to detect HIV in donations from infected donors.
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Heise MT, Baric RS, Lund JM. Baseline T cell immune phenotypes predict virologic and disease control upon SARS-CoV infection in Collaborative Cross mice. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009287. [PMID: 33513210 PMCID: PMC7875398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can result in a wide range of clinical outcomes in humans. An incomplete understanding of immune correlates of protection represents a major barrier to the design of vaccines and therapeutic approaches to prevent infection or limit disease. This deficit is largely due to the lack of prospectively collected, pre-infection samples from individuals that go on to become infected with SARS-CoV-2. Here, we utilized data from genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mice infected with SARS-CoV to determine whether baseline T cell signatures are associated with a lack of viral control and severe disease upon infection. SARS-CoV infection of CC mice results in a variety of viral load trajectories and disease outcomes. Overall, a dysregulated, pro-inflammatory signature of circulating T cells at baseline was associated with severe disease upon infection. Our study serves as proof of concept that circulating T cell signatures at baseline can predict clinical and virologic outcomes upon SARS-CoV infection. Identification of basal immune predictors in humans could allow for identification of individuals at highest risk of severe clinical and virologic outcomes upon infection, who may thus most benefit from available clinical interventions to restrict infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Unites States of America
| | - Jessica L. Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Unites States of America
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, Texas, Unites States of America
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Sophia Jeng
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
| | - Darla R. Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Michael A. Mooney
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
| | - Shannon K. McWeeney
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, Unites States of America
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Unites States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Unites States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Wasington, Unites States of America
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6
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Leist SR, Schäfer A, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, de Villena FPM, Heise MT, Baric RS, Lund JM. Baseline T cell immune phenotypes predict virologic and disease control upon SARS-CoV infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.09.21.306837. [PMID: 32995791 PMCID: PMC7523117 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.306837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can result in a wide range of clinical outcomes in humans, from asymptomatic or mild disease to severe disease that can require mechanical ventilation. An incomplete understanding of immune correlates of protection represents a major barrier to the design of vaccines and therapeutic approaches to prevent infection or limit disease. This deficit is largely due to the lack of prospectively collected, pre-infection samples from indiviuals that go on to become infected with SARS-CoV-2. Here, we utilized data from a screen of genetically diverse mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC) infected with SARS-CoV to determine whether circulating baseline T cell signatures are associated with a lack of viral control and severe disease upon infection. SARS-CoV infection of CC mice results in a variety of viral load trajectories and disease outcomes. Further, early control of virus in the lung correlates with an increased abundance of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells prior to infections across strains. A basal propensity of T cells to express IFNg and IL17 over TNFa also correlated with early viral control. Overall, a dysregulated, pro-inflammatory signature of circulating T cells at baseline was associated with severe disease upon infection. While future studies of human samples prior to infection with SARS-CoV-2 are required, our studies in mice with SARS-CoV serve as proof of concept that circulating T cell signatures at baseline can predict clinical and virologic outcomes upon SARS-CoV infection. Identification of basal immune predictors in humans could allow for identification of individuals at highest risk of severe clinical and virologic outcomes upon infection, who may thus most benefit from available clinical interventions to restrict infection and disease. SUMMARY We used a screen of genetically diverse mice from the Collaborative Cross infected with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV in combination with comprehensive pre-infection immunophenotyping to identify baseline circulating immune correlates of severe virologic and clinical outcomes upon SARS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jessica L. Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, TX
| | - Lisa E. Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sophia Jeng
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Darla R. Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michael A. Mooney
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Shannon K. McWeeney
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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7
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Schäfer A, Plante KS, Morrison CR, Voss KM, Green R, Choonoo G, Jeng S, Miller DR, Mooney MA, McWeeney SK, Ferris MT, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Gale M, Heise MT, Baric RS, Lund JM. Immune Predictors of Mortality After Ribonucleic Acid Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:882-889. [PMID: 31621854 PMCID: PMC7107456 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus infections result in a range of clinical outcomes for the host, from asymptomatic to severe or even lethal disease. Despite global efforts to prevent and treat virus infections to limit morbidity and mortality, the continued emergence and re-emergence of new outbreaks as well as common infections such as influenza persist as a health threat. Challenges to the prevention of severe disease after virus infection include both a paucity of protective vaccines as well as the early identification of individuals with the highest risk that may require supportive treatment. METHODS We completed a screen of mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC) that we infected with influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, and West Nile virus. RESULTS The CC mice exhibited a range of disease manifestations upon infections, and we used this natural variation to identify strains with mortality after infection and strains exhibiting no mortality. We then used comprehensive preinfection immunophenotyping to identify global baseline immune correlates of protection from mortality to virus infection. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that immune phenotypes might be leveraged to identify humans at highest risk of adverse clinical outcomes upon infection, who may most benefit from intensive clinical interventions, in addition to providing insight for rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica L Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Clayton R Morrison
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard Green
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gabrielle Choonoo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Yegorov S, Joag V, Galiwango RM, Good SV, Okech B, Kaul R. Impact of Endemic Infections on HIV Susceptibility in Sub-Saharan Africa. TROPICAL DISEASES TRAVEL MEDICINE AND VACCINES 2019; 5:22. [PMID: 31798936 PMCID: PMC6884859 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a leading cause of global morbidity with the highest burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). For reasons that are incompletely understood, the likelihood of HIV transmission is several fold higher in SSA than in higher income countries, and most of these infections are acquired by young women. Residents of SSA are also exposed to a variety of endemic infections, such as malaria and various helminthiases that could influence mucosal and systemic immunology. Since these immune parameters are important determinants of HIV acquisition and progression, this review explores the possible effects of endemic infections on HIV susceptibility and summarizes current knowledge of the epidemiology and underlying immunological mechanisms by which endemic infections could impact HIV acquisition. A better understanding of the interaction between endemic infections and HIV may enhance HIV prevention programs in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yegorov
- 1Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2Department of Pedagogical Mathematics and Natural Science, Faculty of Education and Humanities, Suleyman Demirel University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Vineet Joag
- 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ronald M Galiwango
- 1Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara V Good
- 4Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON Canada.,5Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | | | - Rupert Kaul
- 1Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,7Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis differentially alters circulating and mucosal immune cell activation in herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive women. AIDS 2019; 33:2125-2136. [PMID: 31335802 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an important tool for prevention of new HIV infections, which also reduces subclinical herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) shedding and symptomatic lesions in HIV-negative, HSV-2-seropositive individuals. However, the impact of PrEP on mucosal immunity has not been examined in detail. DESIGN Here we evaluate paired genital tissue and systemic immune profiles to characterize the immunological effects of PrEP in HIV-negative, HSV-2-seropositive African women sexually exposed to HIV. METHODS We compared local and systemic innate and T-cell characteristics in samples collected during PrEP usage and 2 months after PrEP discontinuation. RESULTS We found that frequencies of cervical CCR5CD4 cells, regulatory T cells, and tissue macrophages were significantly reduced during PrEP use compared with after PrEP discontinuation. In contrast, peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing markers of activation and trafficking were increased during PrEP usage. CONCLUSION Together, our data are consistent with PrEP altering immunity differentially in the female genital tract compared with circulation in HSV-2+ women. Further study including comparison with HSV-2 negative women is needed to define the overall impact and mechanisms underlying these effects. These results point to the critical need to study the human mucosal compartment to characterize immune responses to mucosal infections.
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10
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Wang CY, Wong WW, Tsai HC, Chen YH, Kuo BS, Lynn S, Blazkova J, Clarridge KE, Su HW, Lin CY, Tseng FC, Lai A, Yang FH, Lin CH, Tseng W, Lin HY, Finstad CL, Wong-Staal F, Hanson CV, Chun TW, Liao MJ. Effect of Anti-CD4 Antibody UB-421 on HIV-1 Rebound after Treatment Interruption. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1535-1545. [PMID: 30995373 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1802264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of a single broadly neutralizing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibody to HIV-infected persons leads to the development of antibody-resistant virus in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is possible that monotherapy with UB-421, an antibody that blocks the virus-binding site on human CD4+ T cells, could induce sustained virologic suppression without induction of resistance in HIV-infected persons after analytic treatment interruption. METHODS We conducted a nonrandomized, open-label, phase 2 clinical study evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of UB-421 monotherapy in HIV-infected persons undergoing analytic treatment interruption. All the participants had undetectable plasma viremia (<20 copies of HIV RNA per milliliter) at the screening visit. After discontinuation of ART, participants received eight intravenous infusions of UB-421, at a dose of either 10 mg per kilogram of body weight every week (Cohort 1) or 25 mg per kilogram every 2 weeks (Cohort 2). The primary outcome was the time to viral rebound (≥400 copies per milliliter). RESULTS A total of 29 participants were enrolled, 14 in Cohort 1 and 15 in Cohort 2. Administration of UB-421 maintained virologic suppression (<20 copies per milliliter) in all the participants (94.5% of measurements at study visits 2 through 9) during analytic treatment interruption, with intermittent viral blips (range, 21 to 142 copies per milliliter) observed in 8 participants (28%). No study participants had plasma viral rebound to more than 400 copies per milliliter. CD4+ T-cell counts remained stable throughout the duration of the study. Rash, mostly of grade 1, was a common and transient adverse event; one participant discontinued the study drug owing to a rash. A decrease in the population of CD4+ regulatory T cells was observed during UB-421 monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS UB-421 maintained virologic suppression (during the 8 to 16 weeks of study) in participants in the absence of ART. One participant discontinued therapy owing to a rash. (Funded by United Biomedical and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02369146.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Wang
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Wing-Wai Wong
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Hung-Chin Tsai
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Be-Sheng Kuo
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Shugene Lynn
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Jana Blazkova
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Katherine E Clarridge
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Hsiao-Wen Su
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Fan-Chen Tseng
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Annie Lai
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Fu-Hung Yang
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Chen-Han Lin
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - William Tseng
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Hsiao-Yi Lin
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Connie L Finstad
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Flossie Wong-Staal
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Carl V Hanson
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Mei-June Liao
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Early steps of HIV infection are mediated by the binding of the envelope to mucosal receptors as α4β7 and the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and langerin. Previously Env-specific B-cell responses have been reported in highly exposed seronegative individuals (HESN). METHOD Here, we studied gp120-specific antibodies ability to block HIV interaction with α4β7, DC-SIGN and/or langerinin HESN. New cell-based assays were developed to analyze whether antibodies that can alter gp120 binding to α4β7, DC-SIGN and/or langerin are induced in HESN. A mucosal blocking score (MBS) was defined based on the ability of antibodies to interfere with gp120/α4β7, gp120/DC-SIGN, and gp120/langerin binding. A new MBS was evaluated in a cohort of 86 HESN individuals and compared with HIV+ patients or HIV- unexposed healthy individuals. RESULTS Antibodies reducing gp120 binding to both α4β7 and DC-SIGN were present in HESN serum but also in mucosal secretions, whereas antibodies from HIV+ patients facilitated gp120 binding to DC-SIGN. Any correlation was observed between MBS and the capacity of antibodies to neutralize infection of α4β7 CD4+ T cells with primary isolates. CONCLUSIONS MBS is significantly associated with protection in HESN and might reflect altered HIV spreading to mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.
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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Mooney M, Choonoo G, Jeng S, Miller DR, Ferris MT, McWeeney S, Lund JM. Extensive Homeostatic T Cell Phenotypic Variation within the Collaborative Cross. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2313-2325. [PMID: 29166619 PMCID: PMC5728448 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a panel of reproducible recombinant inbred mouse strains with high levels of standing genetic variation, affording an unprecedented opportunity to perform experiments in a small animal model containing controlled genetic diversity while allowing for genetic replicates. Here, we advance the utility of this unique mouse resource for immunology research because it allows for both examination and genetic dissection of mechanisms behind adaptive immune states in mice with distinct and defined genetic makeups. This approach is based on quantitative trait locus mapping: identifying genetically variant genome regions associated with phenotypic variance in traits of interest. Furthermore, the CC can be utilized for mouse model development; distinct strains have unique immunophenotypes and immune properties, making them suitable for research on particular diseases and infections. Here, we describe variations in cellular immune phenotypes across F1 crosses of CC strains and reveal quantitative trait loci responsible for several immune phenotypes. The Collaborative Cross models the phenotypic diversity observed in human immunity QTL mapping in the CC reveals candidate genes linked to T cell phenotypes
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessica L Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Center Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gabrielle Choonoo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Center Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sophia Jeng
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shannon McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Center Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Root-Bernstein R. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins Mimic Human T Cell Receptors Inducing Cross-Reactive Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2091. [PMID: 28972547 PMCID: PMC5666773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hides from the immune system in part by mimicking host antigens, including human leukocyte antigens. It is demonstrated here that HIV also mimics the V-β-D-J-β of approximately seventy percent of about 600 randomly selected human T cell receptors (TCR). This degree of mimicry is greater than any other human pathogen, commensal or symbiotic organism studied. These data suggest that HIV may be evolving into a commensal organism just as simian immunodeficiency virus has done in some types of monkeys. The gp120 envelope protein, Nef protein and Pol protein are particularly similar to host TCR, camouflaging HIV from the immune system and creating serious barriers to the development of safe HIV vaccines. One consequence of HIV mimicry of host TCR is that antibodies against HIV proteins have a significant probability of recognizing the corresponding TCR as antigenic targets, explaining the widespread observation of lymphocytotoxic autoantibodies in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Quantitative enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assays (ELISA) demonstrated that every HIV antibody tested recognized at least one of twelve TCR, and as many as seven, with a binding constant in the 10-8 to 10-9 m range. HIV immunity also affects microbiome tolerance in ways that correlate with susceptibility to specific opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Root-Bernstein
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, Room 2201, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
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Asymptomatic anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are associated with systemic CD8+ T-cell activation. AIDS 2017; 31:2069-2076. [PMID: 28692536 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been established as a pivotal strategy in HIV prevention. However, bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, are also highly prevalent. Although the presence of STI-related mucosal lesions is a known risk factor for HIV acquisition, the potential increase in risk associated with asymptomatic STIs is not completely understood. Recent data demonstrated higher T-cell activation is a risk factor for sexually acquired HIV-1 infection. We examined the effect of asymptomatic C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae anorectal infection on systemic immune activation, potentially increasing the risk of HIV acquisition. METHODS We analyzed samples from participants of PrEP Brasil, a demonstration study of daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV PrEP among healthy MSM, for T-cell activation by flow cytometry. We included 34 asymptomatic participants with anorectal swab for C. trachomatis and/or N. gonorrhoeae infection, whereas negative for other STIs, and 35 controls. RESULTS We found a higher frequency of human leukocyte antigen DRCD38 CD8 T cells (1.5 vs. 0.9%, P < 0.005) and with memory phenotype in the group with asymptomatic C. trachomatis and/or N. gonorrhoeae infection. Exhaustion and senescence markers were also significant higher in this group. No difference was observed in the soluble CD14 levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest asymptomatic anorectal C. trachomatis and/or N. gonorrhoeae increase systemic immune activation, potentially increasing the risk of HIV acquisition. Regular screening and treatment of asymptomatic STIs should be explored as adjuvant tools for HIV prevention.
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