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De C, Pickles RJ, Yao W, Liao B, Boone A, Choi M, Battaglia DM, Askin FB, Whitmire JK, Silvestri G, Garcia JV, Wahl A. Human T cells efficiently control RSV infection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168110. [PMID: 37159271 PMCID: PMC10393221 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants, immunocompromised individuals, and older individuals. There is an urgent need for effective antivirals and vaccines for high-risk individuals. We used 2 complementary in vivo models to analyze RSV-associated human lung pathology and human immune correlates of protection. RSV infection resulted in widespread human lung epithelial damage, a proinflammatory innate immune response, and elicited a natural adaptive human immune response that conferred protective immunity. We demonstrated a key role for human T cells in controlling RSV infection. Specifically, primed human CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells effectively and independently control RSV replication in human lung tissue in the absence of an RSV-specific antibody response. These preclinical data support the development of RSV vaccines, which also elicit effective T cell responses to improve RSV vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrav De
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Center for AIDS Research
| | - Raymond J. Pickles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wenbo Yao
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Center for AIDS Research
| | - Baolin Liao
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Center for AIDS Research
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Allison Boone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mingyu Choi
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Center for AIDS Research
| | - Diana M. Battaglia
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Center for AIDS Research
| | | | - Jason K. Whitmire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
- Department of Genetics, and
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J. Victor Garcia
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Center for AIDS Research
| | - Angela Wahl
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Center for AIDS Research
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2
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Sastre B, García-García ML, Cañas JA, Calvo C, Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Casas I, Mahíllo-Fernández I, Del Pozo V. Bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing are distinguished by type 2 innate lymphoid cells and immune response. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:51-59. [PMID: 32628310 PMCID: PMC7818223 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent wheezing (RW) is frequently developed in infants that have suffered bronchiolitis (BCH) during first months of life, but the immune mechanism underlying is not clear. The goal was to analyze the innate immune response that characterizes BCH and RW. METHODS Ninety-eight and seventy hospitalized infants with BCH or RW diagnosis, respectively, were included. Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was processed. Cellular pellet was employed to evaluate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) by flow cytometry and mRNA expression assays by semi-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In supernatant, twenty-seven pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors, as well as lipid mediators and nitrites, were evaluated by ELISA and Luminex. RESULTS Bronchiolitis patients showed higher ILC2 percentage compared with RW (P < .05). Also, ST2+ /ILC2 percentage was higher in the BCH group than in the RW group (P < .01). TLR3, IL33, IFNG, IL10, and FLG mRNA levels were significantly increased in BCH vs RW (P < .05). In supernatant, no significant differences were reached, observing similar levels of parameters linked to vascular damage, monocyte activation, and fibroblast growth. Prostaglandin E2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes C4 were evaluated; a significant difference was only found in their ratio. CONCLUSION Bronchiolitis is associated with elevated nasal percentage of ILC2. This cellular population could be the key element in the differential immune response between BCH and RW which share some mechanisms such us monocyte activation, vascular damage, and fibroblast repair. Lipid mediators could play a role in the evolution of the disease later in life through innate lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sastre
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz García-García
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Spain.,Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Cañas
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,TEDDY Network (European Network of Excellence for Pediatric Clinical Research), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain.,Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Victoria Del Pozo
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Niu M, Jiang Z, Xin X, Zhu J, Yang J, Diao M, Qi G, Qi B. Effect of HMGB1 on monocyte immune function in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:75. [PMID: 33365075 PMCID: PMC7716648 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) in children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and its effect on the inflammatory function of monocytes were investigated. A total of 30 cases of respiratory syncytial viral bronchitis and 30 cases of healthy persons from physical examination were collected from January 2017 to September 2019 in the pediatric department of Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University. HMGB1 expression level in plasma was detected by ELISA. All participants in the study were followed up for 18 months. Human recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-A2 virus was used to infect human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE, and cell culture supernatant was collected to detect HMGB1. Transwell plate was used to co-culture infected or no-infection groups of epithelial cells and monocytes THP-1. Western blot was used to detect the level of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and TLR7 in monocytes. HMGB1 expression level in peripheral blood of children with bronchiolitis was significantly increased compared with that in healthy controls (P<0.0001), and was significantly correlated with the severity of the children's condition (P<0.01). The expression level of HMGB1 was significantly correlated with the number of monocytes, lymphocytes and CRP expression level. HMGB1 was also significantly increased in cell culture supernatant compared with no-infection group (P<0.0001). TLR4 expression in monocytes could be activated by the virus infected cell lines. Follow-up results showed that children with bronchiolitis had a higher incidence of asthma within 18 months (P<0.05). The independent risk factors for children to develop asthma were age, number of monocytes and HMGB1 level. HMGB1 is highly expressed in peripheral blood of children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchitis, and RSV epithelial cells can activate TLR4 expression in monocytes, suggesting that HMGB1 plays an important role in monocyte mediated immune inflammation. HMGB1 expression level is related to the development of asthma in children, which is of great significance for understanding the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis and suggesting the prognosis of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Junling Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Min Diao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Gongjian Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Boxiang Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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4
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Sastre B, García-García ML, Calvo C, Casas I, Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Cañas JA, Mora I, del Pozo V. Immune recovery following bronchiolitis is linked to a drop in cytokine and LTC4 levels. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:581-587. [PMID: 31600771 PMCID: PMC7086521 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis is the main cause of hospitalization of children younger than 1 year; however, the immune mechanism of bronchiolitis is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the recovery of immune response after a bronchiolitis episode. METHODS Forty-nine infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis diagnosis were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were processed. Twenty-seven pro-inflammatory biomarkers linked to innate immunity, inflammation, and epithelial damage, as well as nitrites and lipid mediators, were evaluated in the NPA supernatant by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Luminex. Also, 11 genes were analyzed in NPA cells by quantitative PCR. RESULTS A widespread statistically significant decline of multiple pro-inflammatory parameters and cytokines were detected in the recovery period after respiratory infection: interferon-α2 (IFNα2), IFNγ, interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-γ-inducible protein-10, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β. Supporting these results, a decreased nuclear factor-κB gene expression was observed (P = 0.0116). A significant diminution of cysteinyl leukotriene C4 (LTC4) soluble levels (P = 0.0319) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression were observed in the recovery sample. In children classified by post-bronchiolitis wheezing, LTC4 remains elevated in the NPA supernatant. CONCLUSIONS After bronchiolitis, cytokines and biomarkers linked to innate immune response in NPA decrease significantly in the recovery period accompanied by a drop in LTC4 levels; however, this reduction was lower in infants with post-bronchiolitis wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sastre
- grid.419651.eDepartment of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain ,0000 0000 9314 1427grid.413448.eCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz García-García
- 0000 0001 0635 4617grid.411361.0Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Spain ,Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0001 2323 8386grid.464699.0Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0001 2323 8386grid.464699.0Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain ,0000 0000 8970 9163grid.81821.32Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain ,Fundación IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain ,TEDDY Network (European Network of Excellence for Pediatric Clinical Research), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain ,Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rodrigo-Muñoz
- grid.419651.eDepartment of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain ,0000 0000 9314 1427grid.413448.eCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Cañas
- grid.419651.eDepartment of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain ,0000 0000 9314 1427grid.413448.eCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Mora
- grid.419651.eDepartment of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- grid.419651.eDepartment of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain ,0000 0000 9314 1427grid.413448.eCIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Aljabr W, Armstrong S, Rickett NY, Pollakis G, Touzelet O, Cloutman-Green E, Matthews DA, Hiscox JA. High Resolution Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection In Vivo. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100926. [PMID: 31658630 PMCID: PMC6832471 DOI: 10.3390/v11100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of pediatric infection and also causes disease in the elderly and those with underlying respiratory problems. There is no vaccine for HRSV and anti-viral therapeutics are not broadly applicable. To investigate the effect of HRSV biology in children, nasopharyngeal aspirates were taken from children with different viral loads and a combined high throughput RNAseq and label free quantitative proteomics approach was used to characterize the nucleic acid and proteins in these samples. HRSV proteins were identified in the nasopharyngeal aspirates from infected children, and their abundance correlated with viral load (Ct value), confirming HRSV infection. Analysis of the HRSV genome indicated that the children were infected with sub-group A virus and that minor variants in nucleotide frequency occurred in discrete clusters along the HRSV genome, and within a patient clustered distinctly within the glycoprotein gene. Data from the samples were binned into four groups; no-HRSV infection (control), high viral load (Ct < 20), medium viral load (Ct = 20-25), and low viral load (Ct > 25). Cellular proteins associated with the anti-viral response (e.g., ISG15) were identified in the nasopharyngeal aspirates and their abundance was correlated with viral load. These combined approaches have not been used before to study HRSV biology in vivo and can be readily applied to the study the variation of virus host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Aljabr
- King Fahad Medical City, Research Center, 59046 Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Stuart Armstrong
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| | - Natasha Y Rickett
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
| | - Olivier Touzelet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | | | - David A Matthews
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Julian A Hiscox
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
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6
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Varga SM, Sant AJ. Editorial: Orchestration of an Immune Response to Respiratory Pathogens. Front Immunol 2019; 10:690. [PMID: 31024541 PMCID: PMC6465544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Varga
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Andrea J Sant
- Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Rochester, NY, United States
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7
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Holster A, Teräsjärvi J, Vuononvirta J, Koponen P, Peltola V, Helminen M, He Q, Korppi M, Nuolivirta K. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of IL10 gene are associated with virus etiology of infant bronchiolitis. World J Pediatr 2018; 14:594-600. [PMID: 29802545 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis is the most common infection leading to hospitalization in infancy. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and in our previous study, IL10 gene rs1800896 (- 1082A/G) polymorphism was associated with viral etiology of infant bronchiolitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between IL10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at rs1800890 (- 3575A/T), rs1800871 (- 819C/T) or rs1800872 (- 592C/A) either alone or combined with the SNP at rs1800896 (- 1082G/A), and the etiology and severity of infant bronchiolitis. METHODS Data on four IL10 SNPs were available from 135 full-term infants, hospitalized for bronchiolitis at age less than 6 months, and from 378 to 400 controls. Viral etiology was studied, and oxygen support, feeding support and the length of stay in hospital were recorded during bronchiolitis hospitalization. RESULTS Infants with rhinovirus bronchiolitis had the IL10 rs1800890 variant AT or TT genotype less often (18.2%) than controls (63.3%, P = 0.03), and likewise, had the IL10 rs1800896 variant AG or GG genotype less often (27.3%) than controls (65.5%, P = 0.009). Twenty-eight infants with bronchiolitis had the variant-variant Grs1800896Trs1800890 haplotype, and none of them had rhinovirus infection. The IL10 rs1800871 or rs1800872 genotypes showed no associations with viruses. No association was found between any genotypes and bronchiolitis severity measures. CONCLUSION IL10 rs1800890 and rs1800896 polymorphisms differed between infants with rhinovirus bronchiolitis and controls, but not between infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annukka Holster
- Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Hanneksenrinne 7, 60220, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Johanna Teräsjärvi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Vuononvirta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Petri Koponen
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville Peltola
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Child and Youth Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Helminen
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Qiushui He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Turku University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Matti Korppi
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Nuolivirta
- Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Hanneksenrinne 7, 60220, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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Priante E, Cavicchiolo ME, Baraldi E. RSV infection and respiratory sequelae. Minerva Pediatr 2018; 70:623-633. [PMID: 30379052 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.18.05327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and long-term respiratory sequelae has long been recognized. It is estimated that individuals with a history of RSV bronchiolitis have 2- to 12-fold higher risk of developing asthma. Although this risk tends to decrease with age, persistent airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness are observed even 30 years after RSV infection. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Our data search strategy was designed to address the following questions: What is the epidemiological evidence available on the association between RSV infection and long-term respiratory morbidity? What are the potential pathogenic pathways linking RSV infection to long-term respiratory morbidity? Are there any host genetic backgrounds that can predispose to both severe RSV lower respiratory tract infection and asthma? Are antiviral therapies and RSV prevention measures effective in reducing respiratory morbidities? EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS This article reviews the recent scientific literature on the epidemiological association and pathogenic links between early RSV infection and long-term respiratory morbidities. CONCLUSIONS Nowadays, asthma is increasingly considered a heterogeneous disease, caused by interactions between several host and environmental factors. Understanding the specific causative role of respiratory viruses, and the pathogenic mechanisms through which bronchiolitis predisposes to asthma, is a challenging, but essential starting point for the development of prevention and treatment strategies potentially capable of preserving lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Priante
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria E Cavicchiolo
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy -
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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9
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Restori KH, Srinivasa BT, Ward BJ, Fixman ED. Neonatal Immunity, Respiratory Virus Infections, and the Development of Asthma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 29915592 PMCID: PMC5994399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants are exposed to a wide range of potential pathogens in the first months of life. Although maternal antibodies acquired transplacentally protect full-term neonates from many systemic pathogens, infections at mucosal surfaces still occur with great frequency, causing significant morbidity and mortality. At least part of this elevated risk is attributable to the neonatal immune system that tends to favor T regulatory and Th2 type responses when microbes are first encountered. Early-life infection with respiratory viruses is of particular interest because such exposures can disrupt normal lung development and increase the risk of chronic respiratory conditions, such as asthma. The immunologic mechanisms that underlie neonatal host-virus interactions that contribute to the subsequent development of asthma have not yet been fully defined. The goals of this review are (1) to outline the differences between the neonatal and adult immune systems and (2) to present murine and human data that support the hypothesis that early-life interactions between the immune system and respiratory viruses can create a lung environment conducive to the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Restori
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bharat T Srinivasa
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian J Ward
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth D Fixman
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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10
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Sananez I, Raiden S, Erra-Díaz F, De Lillo L, Holgado MP, Geffner J, Arruvito L. Dampening of IL-2 Function in Infants With Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:75-83. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Sananez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Raiden
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Internación 1, Hospital General de Niños “Pedro de Elizalde”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Erra-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo De Lillo
- Departamento de Medicina, Unidad de Internación 1, Hospital General de Niños “Pedro de Elizalde”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Pía Holgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Arruvito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Kawakami C, Sato A, Sumita H, Isozaki A, Shimizu H, Kanetaka T, Maehara K, Ao K, Nariai A, Takeshita F, Kizu R, Mori M. Fever Responses Are Enhanced with Advancing Age during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection among Children under 24 Months Old. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 245:217-222. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.245.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsuo Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Center, Yokohama Rosai Hospital
| | | | - Atsushi Isozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | | | | | - Kota Ao
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamato Municipal Hospital
| | | | | | - Rika Kizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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12
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Alvarez AE, Marson FAL, Bertuzzo CS, Bastos JCS, Baracat ECE, Brandão MB, Tresoldi AT, das Neves Romaneli MT, Almeida CCB, de Oliveira T, Schlodtmann PG, Corrêa E, de Miranda MLF, Dos Reis MC, De Pieri JV, Arns CW, Ribeiro JD. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in TLR4, TLR2, TLR9, VDR, NOS2 and CCL5 genes with acute viral bronchiolitis. Gene 2017; 645:7-17. [PMID: 29253610 PMCID: PMC7127094 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute viral bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization among infants during the first year of life. Most infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis do not present risk factors and are otherwise healthy. Our objective was to determine the genetic features associated with the risk and a severe course of bronchiolitis. Methods We prospectively evaluated 181 infants with severe bronchiolitis admitted at three hospitals over a 2-year period, who required oxygen therapy. The control group consisted of 536 healthy adults. Patients were evaluated for the presence of comorbidities (premature birth, chronic respiratory disease, and congenital heart disease), underwent nasopharyngeal aspirate testing for virus detection by multiplex-PCR, and SNPs identification in immune response genes. Patient outcomes were assessed. Results We observed association between SNP rs2107538*CCL5 and bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) and RSV-subtype-A, and between rs1060826*NOS2 and bronchiolitis caused by rhinovirus. SNPs rs4986790*TLR4, rs1898830*TLR2, and rs2228570*VDR were associated with progression to death. SNP rs7656411*TLR2 was associated with length of oxygen use; SNPs rs352162*TLR9, rs187084*TLR9, and rs2280788*CCL5 were associated with requirement for intensive care unit admission; while SNPs rs1927911*TLR4, rs352162*TLR9, and rs2107538*CCL5 were associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Conclusions Our findings provide some evidence that SNPs in CCL5 and NOS2 are associated with presence of bronchiolitis and SNPs in TLR4, TLR2, TLR9, VDR and CCL5 are associated with severity of bronchiolitis. SNPs in CCL5 and NOS2 genes are associated with presence of bronchiolitis. SNPs in TLR4, TLR2 and TLR9, genes are associated with severity of bronchiolitis. SNPs in VDR and CCL5 genes are associated with severity of bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eduardo Alvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sílvia Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Cristina Santiago Bastos
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Biological Institute, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilio Carlos Elias Baracat
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil; Clinical Hospital of Sumaré, University of Campinas, Av. da Amizade, 2.400, Jd Bela Vista, Sumaré CEP 13175-49, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Barciela Brandão
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil; Clinical Hospital of Sumaré, University of Campinas, Av. da Amizade, 2.400, Jd Bela Vista, Sumaré CEP 13175-49, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônia Teresinha Tresoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Tresoldi das Neves Romaneli
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celize Cruz Bresciani Almeida
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Therezinha de Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ester Corrêa
- Vera Cruz Hospital, Av. Andrade Neves, 402, Centro, Campinas CEP 13013-160, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa Ferreira de Miranda
- Clinical Hospital of Sumaré, University of Campinas, Av. da Amizade, 2.400, Jd Bela Vista, Sumaré CEP 13175-49, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Conrado Dos Reis
- Clinical Hospital of Sumaré, University of Campinas, Av. da Amizade, 2.400, Jd Bela Vista, Sumaré CEP 13175-49, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Vicente De Pieri
- Vera Cruz Hospital, Av. Andrade Neves, 402, Centro, Campinas CEP 13013-160, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Weis Arns
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Biological Institute, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Dirceu Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas CEP 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Ruiz S, Pozo F, del Pozo V, Remedios L, Exposito N, Tellez A, Casas I. Role of viral coinfections in asthma development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189083. [PMID: 29206851 PMCID: PMC5716580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral respiratory infections, especially acute bronchiolitis, play a key role in the development of asthma in childhood. However, most studies have focused on respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus infections and none of them have compared the long-term evolution of single versus double or multiple viral infections. Objective Our aim was to compare the frequency of asthma development at 6–8 years in children with previous admission for bronchiolitis associated with single versus double or multiple viral infection. Patients & methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 244 children currently aged 6–8 years, previously admitted due to bronchiolitis between September 2008 and December 2011. A structured clinical interview and the ISAAC questionnaire for asthma symptoms for 6-7-year-old children, were answered by parents by telephone. Specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirate for virological study (polymerase chain reaction) and clinical data were prospectively taken during admission for bronchiolitis. Results Median current age at follow-up was 7.3 years (IQR: 6.7–8.1). The rate of recurrent wheezing was 82.7% in the coinfection group and 69.7% in the single-infection group, p = 0.06. The number of wheezing-related admissions was twice as high in coinfections than in single infections, p = 0.004. Regarding the ISAAC questionnaire, 30.8% of coinfections versus 15% of single infections, p = 0.01, presented “wheezing in the last 12 months”, data that strongly correlate with current prevalence of asthma. “Dry cough at night” was also reported more frequently in coinfections than in single infections, p = 0.02. The strongest independent risk factors for asthma at 6–8 years of age were: age > 9 months at admission for bronchiolitis (OR: 3.484; CI95%: 1.459–8.317, p:0.005), allergic rhinitis (OR: 5.910; 95%CI: 2.622–13.318, p<0.001), and viral coinfection-bronchiolitis (OR: 3.374; CI95%: 1.542–7.386, p:0.01). Conclusions Asthma at 6–8 years is more frequent and severe in those children previously hospitalized with viral coinfection-bronchiolitis compared with those with single infection. Allergic rhinitis and older age at admission seem also to be strong independent risk factors for asthma development in children previously hospitalised because of bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Garcia-Garcia
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
- Traslational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Traslational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
- TEDDY Network (European Network of Excellence for Pediatric Clinical Research)
- Pediatrics Department, La Paz Hospital, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ruiz
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pozo
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Department of Immunology, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Remedios
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Exposito
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Tellez
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Roh DE, Park SH, Choi HJ, Kim YH. Comparison of cytokine expression profiles in infants with a rhinovirus induced lower respiratory tract infection with or without wheezing: a comparison with respiratory syncytial virus. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2017; 60:296-301. [PMID: 29042873 PMCID: PMC5638836 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2017.60.9.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether infants with rhinovirus (RV) infection-induced wheezing and those with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection-induced wheezing have different cytokine profiles in the acute stage. METHODS Of the infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) between September 2011 and May 2012, 88 were confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and hospitalized. Systemic interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and Treg-type cytokine (IL-10) responses were examined with multiplex assay using acute phase serum samples. RESULTS Of the 88 patients, 38 had an RV infection (RV group) and 50 had an RSV infection (RSV group). In the RV group, the IFN-γ and IL-10 concentrations were higher in the patients with than in the patients without wheezing (P=0.022 and P=0.007, respectively). In the RSV group, the differences in IFN-γ and IL-10 concentrations did not reach statistical significance between the patients with and the patients without wheezing (P=0.105 and P=0.965, respectively). The IFN-γ and IL-10 concentrations were not significantly different between the RV group with wheezing and the RSV group with wheezing (P=0.155 and P=0.801, respectively), in contrast to the significant difference between the RV group without wheezing and the RSV group without wheezing (P=0.019 and P=0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION In comparison with RSV-induced LRTI, RV-induced LRTI combined with wheezing showed similar IFN-γ and IL-10 levels, which may have an important regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Roh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sook-Hyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee Joung Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yeo Hyang Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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15
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Kullaya VI, de Mast Q, van der Ven A, elMoussaoui H, Kibiki G, Simonetti E, de Jonge MI, Ferwerda G. Platelets Modulate Innate Immune Response Against Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vitro. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:576-581. [PMID: 28783457 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in blood, including mononuclear leukocytes and organs other than the lung, suggests that RSV disseminates outside the respiratory tract. In this study, the role of platelets in host defense against RSV was explored using an in vitro model. Platelets, also produced in the lungs, are increasingly recognized as an important part of host immune responses and may therefore play a role in modulating lung infections and clearing RSV viremia. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), platelets significantly reduced RSV infection of monocytes, monocyte activation, and interferon (IFN)α/γ production. Direct contact of platelets with PBMCs modulated the immune response when stimulated with Poly I:C (TLR3) and R848 (TLR7/8), Toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in the recognition of RSV, and led to an enhanced IFNα/γ production. This suggested that reduction in RSV infection of monocytes in the presence of platelets could be IFN dependent; blocking IFNα receptor 2 (IFNAR2) on PBMCs indeed increased RSV infection. In addition, IFNs were not detected when PBMCs were stimulated with inactivated RSV, indicating that infection of monocytes was important for the induction of IFN responses and that the platelet-mediated reduced RSV infection was responsible for the decreased IFN levels. Furthermore, platelets could internalize RSV reducing the amount of viral particles that could infect monocytes. Our findings suggest that platelets may play a role in the clearance of RSV viremia by internalizing viral particles and by enhancing type I IFN production from PBMCs, which subsequently exert antiviral effect on host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesla I Kullaya
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands .,2 Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute , Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andre van der Ven
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hicham elMoussaoui
- 3 Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gibson Kibiki
- 2 Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute , Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Elles Simonetti
- 3 Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- 3 Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- 3 Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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16
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Raiden S, Sananez I, Remes-Lenicov F, Pandolfi J, Romero C, De Lillo L, Ceballos A, Geffner J, Arruvito L. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infects CD4+ T Cells: Frequency of Circulating CD4+ RSV+ T Cells as a Marker of Disease Severity in Young Children. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1049-1058. [PMID: 28199704 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although human airway epithelial cells are the main target of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), it also infects immune cells, such as macrophages and B cells. Whether T cells are permissive to RSV infection is unknown. We sought to analyze the permissiveness of CD4+ T cells to RSV infection. Methods CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from cord blood, healthy young children, and adults were challenged by RSV or cocultured with infected HEp-2 cells. Infection, phenotype, and cytokine production by T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of RSV antigens by circulating CD4+ T cells from infected children was analyzed by flow cytometry, and disease severity was defined by standard criteria. Results CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were productively infected by RSV. Infection decreased interleukin 2 and interferon γ production as well as the expression of CD25 and Ki-67 by activated CD4+ T cells. Respiratory syncytial virus antigens were detected in circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during severe RSV infection of young children. Interestingly, the frequency of CD4+ RSV+ T cells positively correlated with disease severity. Conclusions Respiratory syncytial virus infects CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and compromises T-cell function. The frequency of circulating CD4+ RSV+ T cells might represent a novel marker of severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inés Sananez
- Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires.,Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires
| | - Federico Remes-Lenicov
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Pandolfi
- Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires.,Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires
| | | | | | - Ana Ceballos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Arruvito
- Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Universidad de Buenos Aires.,Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires
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17
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Rossi GA, Colin AA. Respiratory syncytial virus-Host interaction in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis and its impact on respiratory morbidity in later life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:320-331. [PMID: 28339145 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common agent of severe airway disease in infants and young children. Large epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a clear relationship between RSV infection and subsequent recurrent wheezing and asthma into childhood, thought to be predominantly related to long-term changes in neuroimmune control of airway tone rather than to allergic sensitization. These changes appear to be governed by the severity of the first RSV infection in infancy which in term depends on viral characteristics and load, but perhaps as importantly, on the genetic susceptibility and on the constitutional characteristic of the host. A variety of viral and host factors and their interplay modify the efficiency of the response to infection, including viral replication and the magnitude of structural and functional damage to the respiratory structures, and ultimately the extent, severity, and duration of subsequent wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Rossi
- Pulmonary and Allergy Disease Pediatric Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrew A Colin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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18
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Ng KF, Tan KK, Sam ZH, Ting GS, Gan WY. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and severity of respiratory syncytial virus acute lower respiratory infection in Malaysian children, 2008-2013. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:399-407. [PMID: 27704652 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to describe epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory data and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in Malaysian children and to determine risk factors associated with prolonged hospital stay, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and mortality. METHODS Retrospective data on demographics, clinical presentation, outcomes and laboratory findings of 450 children admitted into Tuanku Jaafar Hospital in Seremban, Malaysia from 2008 to 2013 with documented diagnosis of RSV ALRI were collected and analysed. RESULTS Most admissions were children below 2 years old (85.8%; 386/450). Commonest symptoms were fever (84.2%; 379/450), cough (97.8%; 440/450) and rhinorrhea (83.6%; 376/450). The median age among febrile patients (n = 379) was 9.0 months with interquartile range (IQR) of 4.0-19.0 months whereas the median age among those who were apyrexial (n = 71) was 2 months with IQR of 1-6 months (P-value <0.001). 15.3% (69/450) needed intensive care and 1.6% (7/450) died. Young age, history of prematurity, chronic comorbidity and thrombocytosis were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay, PICU admission and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Infants less than 6 months old with RSV ALRI tend to be afebrile at presentation. Younger age, history of prematurity, chronic comorbidity and thrombocytosis are predictors of severe RSV ALRI among Malaysian children. Case fatality rate for Malaysian children below 5 years of age with RSV ALRI in our centre is higher than what is seen in developed countries, suggesting that there is room for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuen F Ng
- Pediatric Department, Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Seremban, Malaysia.,Paediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology Department, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kah K Tan
- Pediatric Department, Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Zhi H Sam
- Pediatric Department, Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Seremban, Malaysia.,Paediatric Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Grace Ss Ting
- Pediatric Department, Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Wan Y Gan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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19
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O'Grady KAF, Grimwood K, Sloots TP, Whiley DM, Acworth JP, Phillips N, Marchant J, Goyal V, Chang AB. Upper airway viruses and bacteria and clinical outcomes in children with cough. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:373-381. [PMID: 27458795 PMCID: PMC7167704 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cough is symptomatic of a broad range of acute and chronic pediatric respiratory illnesses. No studies in children have tested for an extended panel of upper airway respiratory viruses and bacteria to identify whether they predict cough outcomes, irrespective of clinical diagnosis at the time of acute respiratory illness (ARI). We therefore determined whether upper airway microbes independently predicted hospitalization and persistent cough 28-days later in children presenting with an ARI, including cough as a symptom. METHODS A cohort study of children aged <15-years were followed for 28-days after presenting to a pediatric emergency department with an ARI where cough was also a symptom. Socio-demographic factors, presenting clinical features and a bilateral anterior nasal swab were collected at enrolment. Polymerase chain reaction assays tested for seven respiratory bacteria and 17 viruses. Predictors of hospitalization and persistent cough at day-28 were evaluated in logistic regression models. RESULTS Eight hundred and seventeen children were included in the analysis; median age 27.7-months. 116 (14.2%, 95%CI 11.8, 16.6) children were hospitalized and 163 (20.0%, 95%CI 17.2, 22.7) had persistent cough at day-28. Hospitalized children were more likely to have RSV A or B detected on nasal swab than those not admitted (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.8, 95%CI 1.0, 3.3). M. catarrhalis was the only microbial difference between children with and without cough persistence (aRR for those with cough at day 28: 2.1, 95%CI 1.3, 3.1). DISCUSSION An etiologic role for M. catarrhalis in the pathogenesis of persistent cough post-ARI is worth exploring, especially given the burden of chronic cough in children and its relationship with chronic lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:373-381. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Ann F O'Grady
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University and Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Theo P Sloots
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Queensland Children's Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - David M Whiley
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Queensland Children's Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason P Acworth
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalie Phillips
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julie Marchant
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia.,Queensland Children's Respiratory Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vikas Goyal
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Children's Respiratory Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia.,Queensland Children's Respiratory Centre, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Australia
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20
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Green RJ. Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. VIRAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN, VOLUME II 2017. [PMCID: PMC7122336 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54093-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections in children are often viral in origin. Unfortunately in this time of significant antimicrobial resistance of infectious organisms, especially bacteria, there is still a tendency for clinicians to manage a child who coughs with antibiotics. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined “pneumonia” as a condition that only occurs in children who have “fast breathing or chest wall indrawing”. That would delineate upper respiratory tract infections from those in the lower airway. However, in addition to pneumonia another important entity exists in the lower respiratory tract that is almost always viral in origin. This condition is acute viral bronchiolitis. The concept of “acute lower respiratory tract infection” (ALRTI) has emerged and it is becoming increasing evident from a number of studies that the infectious base of both acute pneumonia (AP) and acute bronchiolitis in children has a mixed etiology of microorganisms. Therefore, whilst certain clinical phenotypes do not require antibiotics the actual microbial etiology is much less distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J. Green
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, School of Medicine, Pretoria, ZA, South Africa
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21
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Boe DM, Boule LA, Kovacs EJ. Innate immune responses in the ageing lung. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:16-25. [PMID: 27711979 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is undergoing an unprecedented shift in demographics, with the number of individuals over the age of 60 years projected to reach 2 billion or more by 2050, representing 22% of the global population. Elderly people are at a higher risk for chronic disease and more susceptible to infection, due in part to age-related dysfunction of the immune system resulting from low-grade chronic inflammation known as 'inflamm-ageing'. The innate immune system of older individuals exhibits a diminished ability to respond to microbial threats and clear infections, resulting in a greater occurrence of many infectious diseases in elderly people. In particular, the incidence of and mortality from lung infections increase sharply with age, with such infections often leading to worse outcomes, prolonged hospital stays and life-threatening complications, such as sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this review, we highlight research on bacterial pneumonias and pulmonary viral infections and discuss age-related changes in innate immunity that contribute to the higher rate of these infections in older populations. By understanding more clearly the innate immune defects in elderly individuals, we can design age-specific therapies to address lung infections in such a vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Boe
- Division of GI, Endocrine and Tumor Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - L A Boule
- Division of GI, Endocrine and Tumor Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - E J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Endocrine and Tumor Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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22
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Gouma S, Koopmans MPG, van Binnendijk RS. Mumps virus pathogenesis: Insights and knowledge gaps. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:3110-3112. [PMID: 27455055 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1210745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent mumps outbreaks among MMR vaccinated persons have raised questions about the biological mechanisms related to mumps symptoms and complications in the background of waning immunity. Contrary to other paramyxoviruses, the understanding of mumps virus pathogenesis is limited, and further in-depth clinical studies are required to provide answers to important research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Gouma
- a Centre for Infectious Disease Control , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,b Department of Viroscience , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- a Centre for Infectious Disease Control , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,b Department of Viroscience , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Rob S van Binnendijk
- a Centre for Infectious Disease Control , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
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23
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Rice TA, Brenner TA, Percopo CM, Ma M, Keicher JD, Domachowske JB, Rosenberg HF. Signaling via pattern recognition receptors NOD2 and TLR2 contributes to immunomodulatory control of lethal pneumovirus infection. Antiviral Res 2016; 132:131-40. [PMID: 27312104 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) engage microbial components in the lung, although their role in providing primary host defense against respiratory virus infection is not fully understood. We have previously shown that Gram-positive Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) administered to the respiratory tract promotes full and sustained protection in response to an otherwise lethal mouse pneumovirus (PVM) infection, a robust example of heterologous immunity. While Lp engages PRRs TLR2 and NOD2 in ex vivo signaling assays, we found that Lp-mediated protection was unimpaired in single gene-deleted TLR2(-/-) and NOD2(-/-) mice. Here we demonstrate substantial loss of Lp-mediated protection in a double gene-deleted NOD2(-/-)TLR2(-/-) strain. Furthermore, we demonstrate protection against PVM infection by administration of the bi-functional NOD2-TLR2 agonist, CL-429. The bi-functional NOD2-TLR2 ligand CL-429 not only suppresses virus-induced inflammation, it is significantly more effective at preventing lethal infection than equivalent amounts of mono-molecular TLR2 and NOD2 agonists. Interestingly, and in contrast to biochemical NOD2 and/or TLR2 agonists, Lp remained capable of eliciting primary proinflammatory responses from NOD2(-/-)TLR2(-/-) mice in vivo and from alveolar macrophages challenged ex vivo. Taken together, we conclude that coordinate engagement of NOD2 and TLR2 constitutes a key step in the genesis of Lp-mediated protection from a lethal respiratory virus infection, and represents a critical target for modulation of virus-induced inflammatory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Rice
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Todd A Brenner
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Caroline M Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Michelle Ma
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jesse D Keicher
- Drug Discovery Infectious Diseases, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Joseph B Domachowske
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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24
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Novel Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Composed of the Postfusion and Prefusion Conformations of the F Glycoprotein. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:451-9. [PMID: 27030590 PMCID: PMC4895010 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00720-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and children and represents an important global health burden for the elderly and the immunocompromised. Despite decades of research efforts, no licensed vaccine for RSV is available. We have developed virus-like particle (VLP)-based RSV vaccines assembled with the human metapneumovirus (hMPV) matrix protein (M) as the structural scaffold and the RSV fusion glycoprotein (F) in either the postfusion or prefusion conformation as its prime surface immunogen. Vaccines were composed of postfusion F, prefusion F, or a combination of the two conformations and formulated with a squalene-based oil emulsion as adjuvant. Immunization with these VLP vaccines afforded full protection against RSV infection and prevented detectable viral replication in the mouse lung after challenge. Analyses of lung cytokines and chemokines showed that VLP vaccination mostly induced the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), a marker of the Th1-mediated immune response, which is predominantly required for viral protection. Conversely, immunization with a formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine induced high levels of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines of the Th2- and Th17-mediated types of immune responses, as well as severe lung inflammation and histopathology. The VLP vaccines showed restricted production of these immune mediators and did not induce severe bronchiolitis or perivascular infiltration as seen with the FI-RSV vaccine. Remarkably, analysis of the serum from immunized mice showed that the VLP vaccine formulated using a combination of postfusion and prefusion F elicited the highest level of neutralizing antibody and enhanced the Th1-mediated immune response.
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Rendon A, Rendon-Ramirez EJ, Rosas-Taraco AG. Relevant Cytokines in the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2016; 18:10. [PMID: 26874956 PMCID: PMC7088528 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-016-0516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of infectious death in the world. Immune dysregulation during acute lung infection plays a role in lung injury and the systemic inflammatory response. Cytokines seem to be major players in severe lung infection cases. Here, we present a review of published papers in the last 3 years regarding this topic. The cytokine response during pneumonia is different in bacterial vs viral infections; some of these cytokines correlate with clinical severity scales such as CURB65 or SOFA. Treatment focused in the cytokine environment is an interesting area that could impact the prognosis of CAP. Some of the agents that have been studied as co-adjuvant therapy are corticosteroids, macrolides, and linezolid, but anyone of those have shown a clear or proven efficacy or have been recommended as a part of the standard of care for CAP. More studies designed to define the role of immunomodulatory agents, such as co-adjuvant therapy in pneumonia, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rendon
- School of Medicine and University Hospital, CIPTIR (Centro de investigación, prevención y tratamiento de infecciones respiratorias), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Erick J Rendon-Ramirez
- School of Medicine and University Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Adrian G Rosas-Taraco
- Department of Immunology Monterrey, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
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26
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Xu JJ, Liu Z, Tang W, Wang GC, Chung HY, Liu QY, Zhuang L, Li MM, Li YL. Tangeretin from Citrus reticulate Inhibits Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication and Associated Inflammation in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9520-9527. [PMID: 26468759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that causes pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Our previous study showed that tangeretin from Citrus reticulate possessed potent in vitro anti-RSV effects comparable to that of ribavirin. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the in vivo anti-RSV activity of tangeretin in 3-week-old male BALB/c mice. A plaque reduction assay and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) showed that tangeretin inhibited RSV replication in the lung of mice. Moreover, a luminex assay indicated tangeretin relieved RSV-induced lung inflammation by attenuating interleukin (IL)-1β secretion. Possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of tangeretin were preliminarily explored using a RSV-infected macrophage model. A FQ-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and luciferase assay revealed that tangeretin inhibited RSV-induced inflammation by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. This study demonstrates that tangeretin inhibited RSV replication and RSV-induced lung inflammation in vivo and may be useful in preventing and treating RSV infections and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Xu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories (NT), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Hau Yin Chung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories (NT), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), People's Republic of China
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