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Rubin GD, Ryerson CJ, Haramati LB, Sverzellati N, Kanne JP, Raoof S, Schluger NW, Volpi A, Yim JJ, Martin IBK, Anderson DJ, Kong C, Altes T, Bush A, Desai SR, Goldin J, Goo JM, Humbert M, Inoue Y, Kauczor HU, Luo F, Mazzone PJ, Prokop M, Remy-Jardin M, Richeldi L, Schaefer-Prokop CM, Tomiyama N, Wells AU, Leung AN. The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology 2020; 296:172-180. [PMID: 32255413 PMCID: PMC7233395 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With more than 900 000 confirmed cases worldwide and nearly 50 000 deaths during the first 3 months of 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented health care crisis. The spread of COVID-19 has been heterogeneous, resulting in some regions having sporadic transmission and relatively few hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and others having community transmission that has led to overwhelming numbers of severe cases. For these regions, health care delivery has been disrupted and compromised by critical resource constraints in diagnostic testing, hospital beds, ventilators, and health care workers who have fallen ill to the virus exacerbated by shortages of personal protective equipment. Although mild cases mimic common upper respiratory viral infections, respiratory dysfunction becomes the principal source of morbidity and mortality as the disease advances. Thoracic imaging with chest radiography and CT are key tools for pulmonary disease diagnosis and management, but their role in the management of COVID-19 has not been considered within the multivariable context of the severity of respiratory disease, pretest probability, risk factors for disease progression, and critical resource constraints. To address this deficit, a multidisciplinary panel comprised principally of radiologists and pulmonologists from 10 countries with experience managing patients with COVID-19 across a spectrum of health care environments evaluated the utility of imaging within three scenarios representing varying risk factors, community conditions, and resource constraints. Fourteen key questions, corresponding to 11 decision points within the three scenarios and three additional clinical situations, were rated by the panel based on the anticipated value of the information that thoracic imaging would be expected to provide. The results were aggregated, resulting in five main and three additional recommendations intended to guide medical practitioners in the use of chest radiography and CT in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D. Rubin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Christopher J. Ryerson
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Linda B. Haramati
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Nicola Sverzellati
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Jeffrey P. Kanne
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Suhail Raoof
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Neil W. Schluger
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Annalisa Volpi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Ian B. K. Martin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Deverick J. Anderson
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Christina Kong
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Talissa Altes
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Andrew Bush
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Sujal R. Desai
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Jonathan Goldin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Jin Mo Goo
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Marc Humbert
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Yoshikazu Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Fengming Luo
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Peter J. Mazzone
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Mathias Prokop
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Martine Remy-Jardin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Cornelia M. Schaefer-Prokop
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Athol U. Wells
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
| | - Ann N. Leung
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina (G.D.R); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (L.B.H); Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (J.P.K); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (N.W.S); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.J.Y); Director, Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (D.J.A); Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (T.A); Department of Radiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London AND National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (S.R.D); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.G); Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.I); Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China (F.L); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.P); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (L.R); Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (N.T); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (A.N.L); Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (C.J.R); Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy (N.S); Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York (S.R); 1st Anestethesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy (A.V); Department of Emergency Medicine The Medical College of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI (I.B.K.M); Medical Director of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (C.K); Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respirology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.B); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medline at University of California Los Angeles (J.G); Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (M.H); Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (H.U.K); Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (P.J.M); Department of Thoracic Imaging - Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille. Lille, France (M.R.J); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P); Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.U.W)
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