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Ewais O, Abdel-Tawab H, El-Fayoumi H, Aboelhadid SM, Al-Quraishy S, Falkowski P, Abdel-Baki AAS. Administration of Ethanolic Extract of Spinacia oleracea Rich in Omega-3 Improves Oxidative Stress and Goblet Cells in Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella. Molecules 2023; 28:6621. [PMID: 37764396 PMCID: PMC10534835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anticoccidial activity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) whole-plant extract against Eimeria tenella, both in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, one hundred 8-day-old broiler chicks of both sexes were divided into four groups (n = 25 in each group). Chicks in the first group served as the negative control (non-treated-non-infected). Chicks in the second group were challenged at 18 days old with 5 × 104E. tenella sporulated oocysts. The third group was challenged with 5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts at 18 days old after receiving spinach extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg at 8 days old. The fourth group received 0.2 mg/kg diclazuril (Coxiril® 0.2%) in their diet two days before being orally infected with 5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts and this continued till day 10 post-infection (PI). The growth performance, clinical symptoms, oocyst shedding, histological findings, and biochemical parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy on day 8 PI when the infection was at its peak. A gas chromatography examination revealed that omega-3 fatty acids were the main constituents of the spinach extract, followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid, and phytol, with amounts of 23.37%, 17.53%, 11.26%, and 7.97%, respectively. The in vitro investigation revealed that the spinach extract at concentrations of 10% and 5% inhibited the oocyst sporulation by 52.1% and 45.1%, respectively. The 5% concentration was selected for the in vivo trial based on the results of the in vitro study. The infected-untreated group showed high levels of OPG; lower body weight; a greater number of parasite stages; few goblet cells; decreased SOD, CAT, and GPX levels; and increased MDA and NO levels. The spinach-treated group, on the other hand, showed a significant decrease in oocyst output per gram of feces (OPG), increased body weight, decreased parasitic stages, and a nearly normal number of goblet cells. Additionally, it reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). In conclusion, spinach produced significant antioxidant effects, increased body weight, reduced the number of oocysts and parasite stages in the caecum, and restored the number of goblet cells relative to those of an uninfected control. Furthermore, spinach extract inhibits the sporulation percentage of E. tenella oocysts. The ethanolic extract of S. oleracea (whole plant) contained high concentrations of fatty acids, palmitic acid, Phytol, betulin, and ursolic aldehyde, all of which are known to regulate the antioxidant pathway and modulate inflammatory processes and may be the main reason for its anticoccidial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Ewais
- Department of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt (H.A.-T.); (A.-A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Department of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt (H.A.-T.); (A.-A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Huda El-Fayoumi
- Department of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt (H.A.-T.); (A.-A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh12211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Piotr Falkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki
- Department of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt (H.A.-T.); (A.-A.S.A.-B.)
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Mukherjee AG, Renu K, Gopalakrishnan AV, Jayaraj R, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Ganesan R. Epicardial adipose tissue and cardiac lipotoxicity: A review. Life Sci 2023; 328:121913. [PMID: 37414140 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has morphological and physiological contiguity with the myocardium and coronary arteries, making it a visceral fat deposit with some unique properties. Under normal circumstances, EAT exhibits biochemical, mechanical, and thermogenic cardioprotective characteristics. Under clinical processes, epicardial fat can directly impact the heart and coronary arteries by secreting proinflammatory cytokines via vasocrine or paracrine mechanisms. It is still not apparent what factors affect this equilibrium. Returning epicardial fat to its physiological purpose may be possible by enhanced local vascularization, weight loss, and focused pharmacological therapies. This review centers on EAT's developing physiological and pathophysiological dimensions and its various and pioneering clinical utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences (JIBS), Jindal Global Institution of Eminence Deemed to Be University, 28, Sonipat 131001, India; Director of Clinical Sciences, Northern Territory Institute of Research and Training, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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de Araujo CV, Denorme F, Stephens WZ, Li Q, Cody MJ, Crandell JL, Petrey AC, Queisser KA, Rustad JL, Fulcher JM, Evangelista JL, Kay MS, Schiffman JD, Campbell RA, Yost CC. Neonatal NET-Inhibitory Factor improves survival in the cecal ligation and puncture model of polymicrobial sepsis by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1046574. [PMID: 36733389 PMCID: PMC9888311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) clear pathogens but may contribute Q8 pathogenically to host inflammatory tissue damage during sepsis. Innovative therapeutic agents targeting NET formation and their potentially harmful collateral effects remain understudied. Methods We investigated a novel therapeutic agent, neonatal NET-Inhibitory Factor (nNIF), in a mouse model of experimental sepsis - cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We administered 2 doses of nNIF (1 mg/ kg) or its scrambled peptide control intravenously 4 and 10 hours after CLP treatment and assessed survival, peritoneal fluid and plasma NET formation using the MPO-DNA ELISA, aerobic bacterial colony forming units (CFU) using serial dilution and culture, peritoneal fluid and stool microbiomes using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and inflammatory cytokine levels using a multiplexed cytokine array. Meropenem (25 mg/kg) treatment served as a clinically relevant treatment for infection. Results We observed increased 6-day survival rates in nNIF (73%) and meropenem (80%) treated mice compared to controls (0%). nNIF decreased NET formation compared to controls, while meropenem did not impact NET formation. nNIF treatment led to increased peritoneal fluid and plasma bacterial CFUs consistent with loss of NET-mediated extracellular microbial killing, while nNIF treatment alone did not alter the peritoneal fluid and stool microbiomes compared to vehicle-treated CLP mice. nNIF treatment also decreased peritoneal TNF-a inflammatory cytokine levels compared to scrambled peptide control. Furthermore, adjunctive nNIF increased survival in a model of sub-optimal meropenem treatment (90% v 40%) in CLP-treated mice. Discussion Thus, our data demonstrate that nNIF inhibits NET formation in a translationally relevant mouse model of sepsis, improves survival when given as monotherapy or as an adjuvant with antibiotics, and may play an important protective role in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V. de Araujo
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Frederik Denorme
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - W. Zac Stephens
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Qing Li
- High Throughput Genomics and Bioinformatic Analysis Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mark J. Cody
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jacob L. Crandell
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Aaron C. Petrey
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Queisser
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John L. Rustad
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - James M. Fulcher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Judah L. Evangelista
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michael S. Kay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Joshua D. Schiffman
- Department of Pediatrics/Hematology-Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Peel Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Christian C. Yost
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Zou HX, Qiu BQ, Zhang ZY, Hu T, Wan L, Liu JC, Huang H, Lai SQ. Dysregulated autophagy-related genes in septic cardiomyopathy: Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis based on the human transcriptomes and experimental validation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:923066. [PMID: 35983185 PMCID: PMC9378994 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.923066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is severe organ dysfunction caused by sepsis that is associated with poor prognosis, and its pathobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Autophagy is a biological process that has recently been focused on SCM, yet the current understanding of the role of dysregulated autophagy in the pathogenesis of SCM remains limited and uncertain. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of disease based on the transcriptomes of human pathological samples may bring the closest insights. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression of autophagy-related genes in SCM based on the transcriptomes of human septic hearts, and further explored their potential crosstalk and functional pathways. Key functional module and hub genes were identified by constructing a protein–protein interaction network. Eight key genes (CCL2, MYC, TP53, SOD2, HIF1A, CTNNB1, CAT, and ADIPOQ) that regulate autophagy in SCM were identified after validation in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast injury model, as well as the autophagic characteristic features. Furthermore, we found that key genes were associated with abnormal immune infiltration in septic hearts and have the potential to serve as biomarkers. Finally, we predicted drugs that may play a protective role in SCM by regulating autophagy based on our results. Our study provides evidence and new insights into the role of autophagy in SCM based on human septic heart transcriptomes, which would be of great benefit to reveal the molecular pathological mechanisms and explore the diagnostic and therapeutic targets for SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xi Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bai-Quan Qiu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Nanchang University Trauma Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tie Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ji-Chun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Huang Huang,
| | - Song-Qing Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangxi Academy of Clinical Medical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Song-Qing Lai,
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Wang YF, Li JW, Wang DP, Jin K, Hui JJ, Xu HY. Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents in the Adjuvant Treatment of Sepsis: Improving Intestinal Barrier Function. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1697-1711. [PMID: 35693534 PMCID: PMC9176233 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s360348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier injury and hyperglycemia are common in patients with sepsis. Bacteria translocation and systemic inflammatory response caused by intestinal barrier injury play a significant role in sepsis occurrence and deterioration, while hyperglycemia is linked to adverse outcomes in sepsis. Previous studies have shown that hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for intestinal barrier injury. Concurrently, increasing evidence has indicated that some anti-hyperglycemic agents not only improve intestinal barrier function but are also beneficial in managing sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Therefore, we assume that these agents can block or reduce the severity of sepsis by improving intestinal barrier function. Accordingly, we explicated the connection between sepsis, intestinal barrier, and hyperglycemia, overviewed the evidence on improving intestinal barrier function and alleviating sepsis-induced organ dysfunction by anti-hyperglycemic agents (eg, metformin, peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γ agonists, berberine, and curcumin), and summarized some common characteristics of these agents to provide a new perspective in the adjuvant treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Peng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jie Hui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Polarization of Microglia and Its Therapeutic Potential in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094925. [PMID: 35563317 PMCID: PMC9101892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, leaving the inflammation process without a proper resolution, leading to tissue damage and possibly sequelae. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the first regions affected by the peripheral inflammation caused by sepsis, exposing the neurons to an environment of oxidative stress, triggering neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the most frequent sepsis-associated organ dysfunction, with symptoms such as deliriums, seizures, and coma, linked to increased mortality, morbidity, and cognitive disability. However, the current therapy does not avoid those patients’ symptoms, evidencing the search for a more optimal approach. Herein we focus on microglia as a prominent therapeutic target due to its multiple functions maintaining CNS homeostasis and its polarizing capabilities, stimulating and resolving neuroinflammation depending on the stimuli. Microglia polarization is a target of multiple studies involving nerve cell preservation in diseases caused or aggravated by neuroinflammation, but in sepsis, its therapeutic potential is overlooked. We highlight the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) neuroprotective properties, its role in microglia polarization and inflammation resolution, and the interaction with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK), making PPARγ a molecular target for sepsis-related studies to come.
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Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Transcriptional Changes in LBP-Deficient Rat and Its Possible Implications for Liver Dysregulation during Sepsis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2021:8356645. [PMID: 35005033 PMCID: PMC8739918 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8356645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated inflammatory response to infection. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and modulates the inflammatory response. A rare systematic study has been reported to detect the effect of LBP gene during LPS-induced sepsis. Herein, we explored the RNA sequencing technology to profile the transcriptomic changes in liver tissue between LBP-deficient rats and WT rats at multiple time points after LPS administration. We proceeded RNA sequencing of liver tissue to search differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched biological processes and pathways between WT and LBP-deficient groups at 0 h, 6 h, and 24 h. In total, 168, 284, and 307 DEGs were identified at 0 h, 6 h, and 24 h, respectively, including Lrp5, Cyp7a1, Nfkbiz, Sigmar1, Fabp7, and Hao1, which are related to the inflammatory or lipid-related process. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that inflammatory response to LPS mediated by Ifng, Cxcl10, Serpine1, and Lbp was enhanced at 6 h, while lipid-related metabolism associated with C5, Cyp4a1, and Eci1 was enriched at 24 h after LPS administration in the WT samples. The inflammatory process was not found when the LBP gene was knocked out; lipid-related metabolic process and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway mediated by Dhrs7b and Tysnd1 were significantly activated in LBP-deficient samples. Our study suggested that the invading LPS may interplay with LBP to activate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and trigger uncontrolled inflammatory response. However, when inhibiting the activity of NF-κB, lipid-related metabolism would make bacteria removal via the effect on the PPAR signaling pathway in the absence of LBP gene. We also compared the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels using the biochemistry analyzer and analyzed the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and cleaved-caspase 3 with immunohistochemistry, which further validated our conclusion.
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Li J, Gao N, Gao Z, Liu W, Pang B, Dong X, Li Y, Fan T. The Emerging Role of Exosomes in Cancer Chemoresistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737962. [PMID: 34778252 PMCID: PMC8581179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is an impending challenge in cancer treatment. In recent years, exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-150 nm in bloodstream and other bio-fluids, have attracted increasing interest. Exosomes contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which act as important signaling molecules. Many reports indicate that exosomes play critical roles in chemoresistance through intercellular interactions, including drug removal from cells, transfer of drug resistance phenotypes to other cancer cells, and the increase in plastic stem cell subsets. Exosomes can reflect the physiological and pathological state of parent cells. Owing to their elevated stability, specificity, and sensitivity, exosomes are served as biomarkers in liquid biopsies to monitor cancer chemoresistance, progression, and recurrence. This review summarizes the exosome-mediated mechanisms of cancer chemoresistance, as well as its role in reversing and monitoring chemoresistance. The scientific and technological challenges and future applications of exosomes are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengfan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bairen Pang
- St George Hospital, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Xingli Dong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,St George Hospital, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wu Z, Li P, Tian Y, Ouyang W, Ho JWY, Alam HB, Li Y. Peptidylarginine Deiminase 2 in Host Immunity: Current Insights and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761946. [PMID: 34804050 PMCID: PMC8599989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze post-translational modifications of proteins by converting arginine residues into citrullines. Among the five members of the PAD family, PAD2 and PAD4 are the most frequently studied because of their abundant expression in immune cells. An increasing number of studies have identified PAD2 as an essential factor in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The successes of preclinical research targeting PAD2 highlights the therapeutic potential of PAD2 inhibition, particularly in sepsis and autoimmune diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms by which PAD2 mediates host immunity remain largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the role of PAD2 in different types of cell death signaling pathways and the related immune disorders contrasted with functions of PAD4, providing novel therapeutic strategies for PAD2-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya 2 Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Patrick Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuzi Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenlu Ouyang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya 2 Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jessie Wai-Yan Ho
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hasan B. Alam
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Yongqing Li,
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de Carvalho MV, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR. PPAR Gamma: From Definition to Molecular Targets and Therapy of Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E805. [PMID: 33467433 PMCID: PMC7830538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. There are three members: PPARα, PPARβ or PPARγ. PPARγ have several ligands. The natural agonists are omega 9, curcumin, eicosanoids and others. Among the synthetic ligands, we highlight the thiazolidinediones, clinically used as an antidiabetic. Many of these studies involve natural or synthetic products in different pathologies. The mechanisms that regulate PPARγ involve post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination, among others. It is known that anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve the inhibition of other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kB(NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or activator protein 1 (AP-1), or intracellular signaling proteins such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PPARγ transrepresses other transcription factors and consequently inhibits gene expression of inflammatory mediators, known as biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, leading to control of the exacerbated inflammation that occurs, for instance, in lung injury/acute respiratory distress. Many studies have shown the therapeutic potentials of PPARγ on pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe activities of the PPARγ as a modulator of inflammation, focusing on lung injury and including definition and mechanisms of regulation, biological effects and molecular targets, and its role in lung diseases caused by inflammatory stimuli, bacteria and virus, and molecular-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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11
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Deciphering heterogeneity of septic shock patients using immune functional assays: a proof of concept study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16136. [PMID: 32999313 PMCID: PMC7527338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of sepsis pathophysiology hinders patient management and therapeutic decisions. In this proof-of-concept study we characterised the underlying host immune response alterations using a standardised immune functional assay (IFA) in order to stratify a sepsis population. In septic shock patients, ex vivo LPS and SEB stimulations modulated, respectively, 5.3% (1/19) and 57.1% (12/21) of the pathways modulated in healthy volunteers (HV), highlighting deeper alterations induced by LPS than by SEB. SEB-based clustering, identified 3 severity-based groups of septic patients significantly different regarding mHLA-DR expression and TNFα level post-LPS, as well as 28-day mortality, and nosocomial infections. Combining the results from two independent cohorts gathering 20 HV and 60 patients, 1 cluster grouped all HV with 12% of patients. The second cluster grouped 42% of patients and contained all non-survivors. The third cluster grouped 46% of patients, including 78% of those with nosocomial infections. The molecular features of these clusters indicated a distinctive contribution of previously described genes defining a “healthy-immune response” and a “sepsis-related host response”. The third cluster was characterised by potential immune recovery that underlines the possible added value of SEB-based IFA to capture the sepsis immune response and contribute to personalised management.
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12
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Silva AR, Moraes BPT, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Mediterranean Diet: Lipids, Inflammation, and Malaria Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124489. [PMID: 32599864 PMCID: PMC7350014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) consists of consumption of vegetables and healthy oils and have beneficial effects on metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Our goal here is to discuss the role of fatty acid content in MedDiet, mostly omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 on malaria. Malaria affects millions of people around the globe. The parasite Plasmodium causes the disease. The metabolic and inflammatory alterations in the severe forms have damaging consequences to the host. The lipid content in the MedDiet holds anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive features in the host and have detrimental effects on the Plasmodium. The lipids from the diet impact the balance of pro- and anti-inflammation, thus, lipids intake from the diet is critical to parasite elimination and host tissue damage caused by an immune response. Herein, we go into the cellular and molecular mechanisms and targets of the MedDiet fatty acids in the host and the parasite, reviewing potential benefits of the MedDiet, on inflammation, malaria infection progression, and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Neurociências da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (A.R.S.); or (C.F.G.-d.-A.)
| | - Bianca P. T. Moraes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Neurociências da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20210-010, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Neurociências da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20210-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 20210-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (A.R.S.); or (C.F.G.-d.-A.)
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13
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Abstract
There is abundant evidence that infectious sepsis both in humans and mice with polymicrobial sepsis results in robust activation of complement. Major complement activation products involved in sepsis include C5a anaphylatoxin and its receptors (C5aR1 and C5aR2) and, perhaps, the terminal complement activation product, C5b-9. These products (and others) also cause dysfunction of the innate immune system, with exaggerated early proinflammatory responses, followed by decline of the innate immune system, leading to immunosuppression and multiorgan dysfunction. Generation of C5a during sepsis also leads to activation of neutrophils and macrophages and ultimate appearance of extracellular histones, which have powerful proinflammatory and prothrombotic activities. The distal complement activation product, C5b-9, triggers intracellular Ca fluxes in epithelial and endothelial cells. Histones activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, products of which can damage cells. C5a also activates MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes, causing buildup of [Ca]i, defective action potentials and substantial cell dysfunction, resulting in cardiac and other organ dysfunction. Cardiac dysfunction can be quantitated by ECHO-Doppler parameters. In vivo interventions that block these complement-dependent products responsible for organ dysfunction in sepsis reduce the intensity of sepsis. The obvious targets in sepsis are C5a and its receptors, histones, and perhaps the MAPK pathways. Blockade of C5 has been considered in sepsis, but the FDA-approved antibody (eculizumab) is known to compromise defenses against neisseria and pneumonococcal bacteria, and requires immunization before the mAb to C5 can be used clinically. Small molecular blocking agents for C5aRs are currently in development and may be therapeutically effective for treatment of sepsis.
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Lu H, Wen D, Sun J, Zeng L, Du J, Du D, Zhang L, Deng J, Jiang J, Zhang A. Enhancer polymorphism rs10865710 associated with traumatic sepsis is a regulator of PPARG gene expression. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:430. [PMID: 31888703 PMCID: PMC6938012 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a major regulator in sepsis. Our previous study identified the enhancer polymorphism rs10865710C/G to be associated with susceptibility to sepsis in trauma patients. We performed two-stage cohort studies integrating biological experiments of potential functional variants that modify susceptibility to traumatic sepsis. Methods Improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) was used to genotype rs10865710 in 797 Han Chinese trauma patients in Chongqing. Clinical relevance was validated in 334 patients in Guizhou. The potential function of rs10865710 in transcriptional regulation was explored through a dual luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Expression of PPARγ was assessed by expression quantitative trait locus (e-QTL) and western blot analyses. Results The association results confirmed rs10865710 to be significantly strongly associated with sepsis risk in trauma patients of the Chongqing and Guizhou cohorts (OR = 1.41 (1.11–1.79), P = 0.004 and OR = 1.45 (1.01–2.09), P = 0.046, both for allele-dose effect, respectively). A meta-analysis of both cohorts and a previous study indicated strong evidence for this association (OR = 1.41 (1.17–1.71), P = 0.0004 for the dominant model, OR = 1.78 (1.34–2.36), P < 0.0001 for the recessive model and OR = 1.38 (1.20–1.58), P < 0.0001 for the allelic model). Functional experiments verified that rs10865710 was a causative variant influencing enhancer activity (G vs. C, 0.068 ± 0.004 vs. 0.096 ± 0.002, P = 0.0005) and CREB2 binding. Expression analysis also indicatevd rs10865710 genotypes to be associated with levels of PPARγ expression (P = 9.2 × 10−5 for dominant effect and P = 0.005 for recessive effect). Conclusions Our study provides evidence that the enhancer-region polymorphism rs10865710 might influence transcription factor binding and regulate PPARγ expression, thus conferring susceptibility to traumatic sepsis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01713205. Registered 18 October 2012, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Branch Road 10, Daping Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dalin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Branch Road 10, Daping Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Branch Road 10, Daping Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Branch Road 10, Daping Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Branch Road 10, Daping Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dingyuan Du
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lianyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Branch Road 10, Daping Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Branch Road 10, Daping Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Branch Road 10, Daping Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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15
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de Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Ferreira AC, Reis PA, Silva TI, Nascimento DDO, Campbell RA, Estato V, Weyrich AS, Bozza PT, Zimmerman GA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Integrin αDβ2 influences cerebral edema, leukocyte accumulation and neurologic outcomes in experimental severe malaria. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224610. [PMID: 31869339 PMCID: PMC6927624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease of major worldwide clinical importance that causes a variety of severe, or complicated, syndromes including cerebral malaria, which is often fatal. Leukocyte integrins are essential for host defense but also mediate physiologic responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We previously showed that targeted deletion of the αD subunit (αD-/-) of the αDβ2 integrin, which is expressed on key leukocyte subsets in mice and humans, leads to absent expression of the integrin heterodimer on murine macrophages and reduces mortality in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (P. berghei ANKA). To further identify mechanisms involved in the protective effect of αD deletion in this model of severe malaria we examined wild type C57BL/6 (WT) and αD-/- mice after P. berghei ANKA infection and found that vessel plugging and leukocyte infiltration were significantly decreased in the brains of αD-/- animals. Intravital microscopy demonstrated decreased rolling and adhesion of leukocytes in cerebral vessels of αD-/- mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed decreased T-lymphocyte accumulation in the brains of infected αD-/- animals. Evans blue dye exclusion assays demonstrated significantly less dye extravasation in the brains of αD-/- mice, indicating preserved blood-brain barrier integrity. WT mice that were salvaged from P. berghei ANKA infection by treatment with chloroquine had impaired aversive memory, which was not observed in αD-/- mice. We conclude that deletion of integrin αDβ2 alters the natural course of experimental severe malaria, demonstrating previously unrecognized activities of a key leukocyte integrin in immune-inflammatory responses that mediate cerebral involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Vieira-de-Abreu
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André C. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia A. Reis
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tathiany I. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle de O. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Estato
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrew S. Weyrich
- Department of Internal Medicine and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Patrícia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guy A. Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Hule GP, Bargir UA, Kulkarni M, Kambli P, Taur P, Desai M, Madkaikar MR. Does Pioglitazone Lead to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease Patients? Front Immunol 2019; 10:1739. [PMID: 31428088 PMCID: PMC6689990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, the enzyme complex responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, is defective in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients. This enzyme helps in antimicrobial host defense by phagocytes. CGD patients are unable to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are composed of granule-derived proteins from neutrophils decorated with decondensed chromatin. Mitochondria have gained attention, being a rich source of flavochrome enzymes due to the presence of several sites for superoxide production. Recently, PPARγ agonists, a mitochondrial ROS inducer, induce mitochondrial ROS formation post-treatment in murine NADPH oxidase knockout models. Mitochondrial ROS is also essential for NOX-independent NETosis. Our study for the first time detects induction of NETosis independent of NADPH oxidase post-treatment with agonists such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in CGD subjects. Neutrophils isolated from CGD subjects were treated with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. After treatment, qualitative analysis of NET formation was done using confocal microscopy after staining with DAPI. Quantitative estimation of extracellular DNA was performed using Sytox green. Mitochondrial ROS production with PPARγ agonist-treated/untreated neutrophils was detected using MitoSOX red. Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone induce significant NET formation in CGD patients. Our data clearly signify the effect of PPARγ agonists in induction of NET formation in CGD cases. Apart from the proposed experimental studies regarding the detailed mechanism of action, controlled trials could provide valuable information regarding the clinical use of pioglitazone in CGD patients as curative HSCT remains challenging in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouri P Hule
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Umair Ahmed Bargir
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Manasi Kulkarni
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Kambli
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Taur
- Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Mukesh Desai
- Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Manisha Rajan Madkaikar
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), Mumbai, India
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17
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Silva AR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Pérez AR, Carvalho VDF. Immune-endocrine interactions related to a high risk of infections in chronic metabolic diseases: The role of PPAR gamma. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:272-281. [PMID: 30974105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diverse disturbances in immune-endocrine circuitries are involved in the development and aggravation of several chronic metabolic diseases (CMDs), including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. The chronic inflammatory syndrome observed in CMDs culminates in dysregulated immune responses with low microbial killing efficiency, by means low host innate immune response, and loss of ability to eliminate the pathogens, which results in a high prevalence of infectious diseases, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, and sepsis. Herein, we review evidence pointing out PPARγ as a putative player in immune-endocrine disturbances related to increased risk of infections in CMDs. Cumulated evidence indicates that PPARγ activation modulates host cells to control inflammation during CMDs because of PPARγ agonists have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive properties, increasing host ability to eliminate pathogen, modulating hormone production, and restoring glucose and lipid homeostasis. As such, we propose PPARγ as a putative therapeutic adjuvant for patients with CMDs to favor a better infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Unirio, Brazil.
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET UNR), 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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18
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Hilliard KA, Brown CR. Treatment of Borrelia burgdorferi-Infected Mice with Apoptotic Cells Attenuates Lyme Arthritis via PPAR-γ. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1798-1806. [PMID: 30700583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection of mice with Borrelia burgdorferi causes an inflammatory arthritis that peaks 3-4 wk postinfection and then spontaneously resolves. Although the recruitment of neutrophils is known to drive the development of arthritis, mechanisms of disease resolution remain unclear. Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (AC) is likely an important component of arthritis resolution. In this article, we show the number of AC increases in the joints of B. burgdorferi-infected mice around day 21 postinfection and peaks around day 28. Injection of AC directly into the ankles of B. burgdorferi-infected mice limited ankle swelling but had no effect on spirochete clearance or arthritis severity scores. In vitro, addition of AC to bone marrow macrophage cultures decreased B. burgdorferi-induced TNF-α and KC and increased IL-10. In addition, phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi and neutrophil migration to LTB4 were inhibited by AC. Exogenous AC caused an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression both in vitro and in vivo during B. burgdorferi infection. The PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone elicited similar changes in macrophage cytokine production and neutrophil migration as exogenous AC. Addition of the PPAR-γ antagonist GW 9662 abrogated the effects of AC in vitro. Injection of rosiglitazone directly into the tibiotarsal joints of B. burgdorferi-infected mice decreased ankle swelling and immune cell recruitment, similar to the injection of AC. These results suggest that clearance of AC plays a role in the resolution of inflammation during experimental Lyme arthritis through the activation of PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ agonists, such as rosiglitazone, may therefore be effective treatments for inducing arthritis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsey A Hilliard
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Charles R Brown
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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19
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Shih CC, Liu PY, Chen JH, Liao MH, Hsieh CM, Ka SM, Wu CC, Lin HT, Wu TH, Chen YC. Macrophage expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase Grail protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperinflammation and organ injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208279. [PMID: 30571701 PMCID: PMC6301572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction caused by hyperinflammation remains the major cause of mortality during sepsis. Excessive M1-macrophage activation leads to systemic inflammatory responses. Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (Grail) is regarded as an important regulator of T cells that functions by diminishing cytokine production. However, its role in regulating macrophage activation and organ injury during sepsis remains unclear. Our aim was to examine the effects of Grail on macrophage reactivity and organ injury in endotoxemic animals. Wild-type and Grail knockout mice were injected with vehicle or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and observed for 24 h. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, and biochemical variables were then examined. Moreover, levels of neutrophil infiltration, MMP-9, and caspase 3 were analyzed in the lungs of animals. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in J774A, RAW264.7, and primary peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS were also assessed in the presence or absence of Grail. Results indicated that loss of Grail expression enhances the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in J774A, RAW264.7, and primary peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS. Furthermore, LPS-induced macrophage hyperactivation was alleviated by ectopic Grail overexpression. In vivo studies showed that Grail deficiency exacerbates organ damage in endotoxemic animals. Levels of neutrophil infiltration, MMP-9, and caspase 3 were significantly increased in the lungs of Grail-deficient endotoxemic mice. Thus, these results suggest that Grail contributes to the attenuation of hyperinflammation caused by activated macrophages and prevents organ damage in endotoxemic mice. We suggest that Grail signaling could be a therapeutic target for endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chin Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yao Liu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Jye-Hann Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Hsieh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Hui-Tsu Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, R.O.C., Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, R.O.C., Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Omega-9 Oleic Acid, the Main Compound of Olive Oil, Mitigates Inflammation during Experimental Sepsis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6053492. [PMID: 30538802 PMCID: PMC6260523 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6053492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet, rich in olive oil, is beneficial, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Olive oil is mostly composed of the monounsaturated fatty acid omega-9. We showed omega-9 protects septic mice modulating lipid metabolism. Sepsis is initiated by the host response to infection with organ damage, increased plasma free fatty acids, high levels of cortisol, massive cytokine production, leukocyte activation, and endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to analyze the effect of omega-9 supplementation on corticosteroid unbalance, inflammation, bacterial elimination, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma expression, an omega-9 receptor and inflammatory modulator. We treated mice for 14 days with omega-9 and induced sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We measured systemic corticosterone levels, cytokine production, leukocyte and bacterial counts in the peritoneum, and the expression of PPAR gamma in both liver and adipose tissues during experimental sepsis. We further studied omega-9 effects on leukocyte rolling in mouse cremaster muscle-inflamed postcapillary venules and in the cerebral microcirculation of septic mice. Here, we demonstrate that omega-9 treatment is associated with increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in peritoneal lavage fluid of mice with sepsis. Omega-9 treatment also decreased systemic corticosterone levels. Neutrophil migration from circulation to the peritoneal cavity and leukocyte rolling on the endothelium were decreased by omega-9 treatment. Omega-9 also decreased bacterial load in the peritoneal lavage and restored liver and adipose tissue PPAR gamma expression in septic animals. Our data suggest a beneficial anti-inflammatory role of omega-9 in sepsis, mitigating leukocyte rolling and leukocyte influx, balancing cytokine production, and controlling bacterial growth possibly through a PPAR gamma expression-dependent mechanism. The significant reduction of inflammation detected after omega-9 enteral injection can further contribute to the already known beneficial properties facilitated by unsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets.
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Is Essential for the Resolution of Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:261-270.e4. [PMID: 30057172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin/soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represent serious healthcare burdens worldwide. The host initially controls these infections with a pro-inflammatory infiltrate. However, once established, MRSA viability remains constant. To clear established MRSA SSTIs, the host must transition into the post-inflammatory resolution phase marked by infiltration of alternatively activated macrophages. Here we show that the host nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferation activator receptor γ (PPARγ), is essential for this transition and MRSA clearance. Chemical PPARγ inhibition or genetic ablation of PPARγ in myeloid cells results in an extended inflammatory phase and exacerbated MRSA SSTIs. Conversely, treating mice with PPARγ agonists hastens the onset of the resolution phase and improves MRSA clearance in a myeloid-dependent fashion. The resolving fibrotic abscess lacks abundant glucose and oxygen but is replete with antimicrobial peptides, which together contribute to MRSA clearance. Thus, PPARγ agonists may serve as viable treatment options for complicated MRSA SSTIs.
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Shawky RM, Kamal TM, Raafat S, El Nady GH. Genotyping of PPAR-γ gene polymorphism in Egyptian neonates affected with sepsis disease and its severity. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Influence of Different Bacteria Strains Isolated from Septic Children on Release and Degradation of Extracellular Traps by Neutrophils from Healthy Adults. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1108:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lima JB, Araújo-Santos T, Lázaro-Souza M, Carneiro AB, Ibraim IC, Jesus-Santos FH, Luz NF, Pontes SDM, Entringer PF, Descoteaux A, Bozza PT, Soares RP, Borges VM. Leishmania infantum lipophosphoglycan induced-Prostaglandin E 2 production in association with PPAR-γ expression via activation of Toll like receptors-1 and 2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14321. [PMID: 29084985 PMCID: PMC5662570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is a key virulence factor expressed on the surfaces of Leishmania promastigotes. Although LPG is known to activate macrophages, the underlying mechanisms resulting in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via signaling pathways remain unknown. Here, the inflammatory response arising from stimulation by Leishmania infantum LPG and/or its lipid and glycan motifs was evaluated with regard to PGE2 induction. Intact LPG, but not its glycan and lipid moieties, induced a range of proinflammatory responses, including PGE2 and nitric oxide (NO) release, increased lipid droplet formation, and iNOS and COX2 expression. LPG also induced ERK-1/2 and JNK phosphorylation in macrophages, in addition to the release of PGE2, MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12p70, but not IL-10. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 and PKC affected PGE2 and cytokine production. Moreover, treatment with rosiglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), also modulated the release of PGE2 and other proinflammatory mediators. Finally, we determined that LPG-induced PPAR-γ signaling occurred via TLR1/2. Taken together, these results reinforce the role played by L. infantum-derived LPG in the proinflammatory response seen in Leishmania infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonilson Berlink Lima
- Gonçalo Moniz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-BA), 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB), 47808-021, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Théo Araújo-Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-BA), 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB), 47808-021, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Milena Lázaro-Souza
- Gonçalo Moniz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-BA), 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40110-170, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alan Brito Carneiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institut, FIOCRUZ-RJ, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabela Coimbra Ibraim
- René Rachou Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-MG), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Jesus-Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-BA), 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40110-170, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Nívea Farias Luz
- Gonçalo Moniz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-BA), 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sara de Moura Pontes
- Gonçalo Moniz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-BA), 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40110-170, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Petter Franco Entringer
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), NUPEM, Campus Macaé, 27933-378, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, H7V 1B7, Laval, Canada
| | - Patrícia Torres Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institut, FIOCRUZ-RJ, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pedro Soares
- René Rachou Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-MG), 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Matos Borges
- Gonçalo Moniz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-BA), 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40110-170, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will focus on in-vivo findings derived from animal models of sepsis regarding the trapping role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) which is difficult to assess ex vivo. The NETotic response of neutrophils at sites of sterile injury or autoimmune disease is destructive as no antimicrobial advantage to the host is realized and dampening NETosis is largely beneficial. In early stages of local infection or in sepsis, the trapping function of NETs may help abscess formation and limit microbial dissemination. RECENT FINDINGS The trapping function of NETs limits bacterial dissemination keeping an abscess from becoming bacteremic or confining tissue infection to local sites. Once containment is lost and disease has progressed, the best therapeutic approach suggested by animal studies to date is to inhibit protein arginine deiminase 4 and prevent NETosis rather than attempting to neutralize caustic NET components. Prognostic value may best be realized by taking cell free DNA, citrulllinated histones, neutrophil function and counts of immature granulocytes into consideration rather than rely on any one measure alone. SUMMARY The trapping function of NETs may supercede the value of antimicrobial function in the early phases of sepsis such that degradation of the DNA backbone is contraindicated.
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Liu Y, Wan W, Fang F, Guo L, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Huang F. Clinical relevance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ gene polymorphisms with sepsis. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32:e22340. [PMID: 29055064 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a regulator of inflammation. This study aimed to explore associations between PPARγ gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to and clinical outcome of sepsis in the North China Han population. METHODS This study included 303 patients with sepsis and 303 controls. We conducted genetic typing for 13 common PPARγ gene SNPs (improved multiplex ligation detection reaction), linkage disequilibrium mapping, and haplotype inference. Associations between SNP genotypes/haplotypes and sepsis susceptibility and outcome (septic shock, organ dysfunction, or death) were assessed using unconditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS For rs2972164, patients with genotypes CT/CT+TT had higher risk of sepsis than genotype CC (odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.74 [1.05-2.86], P = .03 and 1.72 [1.06-2.80], P = .026, respectively); the T allele was associated with increased sepsis risk compared with the C allele (1.64 [1.04-2.58], P = .033). For rs1801282, genotypes CG/CG+GG had lower risk of sepsis than genotype CC (0.55 [0.33-0.92], P = .024 and 0.57 [0.35-0.95], P = .03, respectively); the G allele was associated with decreased sepsis risk compared with the C allele (0.62 [0.39-1.01], P = .055). For rs4135275, genotypes AG/AG+GG had higher risk of severe organ dysfunction (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome score >8) than genotype AA (2.66 [1.16-6.09], P = .038 and 2.21 [1.00-4.85], P = .042, respectively). Haplotype TAT (rs2972164, rs4684846, and rs17036188) was associated with increased sepsis risk (1.66 [1.03-2.67], P = .038). CONCLUSIONS No mutation was correlated with septic shock or death. PPARγ gene polymorphisms may play a role in the occurrence and progression of sepsis in the North China Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhui Wan
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinghu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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PPAR- γ Activation Prevents Septic Cardiac Dysfunction via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Necroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8326749. [PMID: 28845215 PMCID: PMC5560091 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8326749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction remains one of the major causes of death in intensive care units. Overwhelmed inflammatory response and unrestrained cell death play critical roles in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR-) γ has been proven to be cardioprotective in sepsis. However, the mechanism of PPAR-γ-mediated cardioprotection and its relationship with inflammation and cell death are unclear. We hypothesized that activation of PPAR-γ by reducing cardiac inflammation, myocardial apoptosis, and necroptosis may prevent myocardial dysfunction in sepsis. Rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with or without PPAR-γ agonist (rosiglitazone) or antagonist T0070907 (T007). After CLP, cardiac function was significantly depressed, which was associated with the destructed myocardium, upregulated proinflammatory cytokines, and increased apoptosis, necrosis, and necroptosis. This process is corresponded with decreased inhibitor κB (IκBα) and increased NF-κB, receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIP1), RIP3, and mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL) protein. Activation of PPAR-γ by rosiglitazone pretreatment enhanced PPAR-γ activity and prevented these changes, thereby improving the survival of septic rats. In contrast, inhibition of PPAR-γ by T007 further exacerbated the condition, dropping the survival rate to nearly 0%. In conclusion, PPAR-γ activation by reducing proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and necroptosis in the myocardium prevents septic myocardial dysfunction.
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Hoppenbrouwers T, Autar ASA, Sultan AR, Abraham TE, van Cappellen WA, Houtsmuller AB, van Wamel WJB, van Beusekom HMM, van Neck JW, de Maat MPM. In vitro induction of NETosis: Comprehensive live imaging comparison and systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176472. [PMID: 28486563 PMCID: PMC5423591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple inducers of in vitro Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation (NETosis) have been described. Since there is much variation in study design and results, our aim was to create a systematic review of NETosis inducers and perform a standardized in vitro study of NETosis inducers important in (cardiac) wound healing. METHODS In vitro NETosis was studied by incubating neutrophils with PMA, living and dead bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli), LPS, (activated) platelets (supernatant), glucose and calcium ionophore Ionomycin using 3-hour periods of time-lapse confocal imaging. RESULTS PMA is a consistent and potent inducer of NETosis. Ionomycin also consistently resulted in extrusion of DNA, albeit with a process that differs from the NETosis process induced by PMA. In our standardized experiments, living bacteria were also potent inducers of NETosis, but dead bacteria, LPS, (activated) platelets (supernatant) and glucose did not induce NETosis. CONCLUSION Our systematic review confirms that there is much variation in study design and results of NETosis induction. Our experimental results confirm that under standardized conditions, PMA, living bacteria and Ionomycin all strongly induce NETosis, but real-time confocal imaging reveal different courses of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouchska S. A. Autar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andi R. Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E. Abraham
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Willem J. B. van Wamel
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan W. van Neck
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hu B, Li Y, Gao L, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Chai X, Xu M, Yan J, Lu P, Ren S, Zeng S, Liu Y, Xie W, Huang M. Hepatic Induction of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 Plays a Pathogenic Role in Sepsis in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1059-1067. [PMID: 28279656 PMCID: PMC5417005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as the host's deleterious systemic inflammatory response to microbial infections. Herein, we report an essential role of the fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4; alias adipocyte protein 2 or aP2), a lipid-binding chaperone, in sepsis response. Bioinformatic analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus data sets showed the level of FABP4 was higher in the nonsurvival sepsis patients' whole blood compared to the survival cohorts. The expression of Fabp4 was induced in a liver-specific manner in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide treatment models of sepsis. The induction of Fabp4 may have played a pathogenic role, because ectopic expression of Fabp4 in the liver sensitized mice to CLP-induced inflammatory response and worsened the animal's survival. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of Fabp4 markedly alleviated the CLP responsive inflammation and tissue damage and improved survival. We conclude that FABP4 is an important mediator of the sepsis response. Early intervention by pharmacological inhibition of FABP4 may help to manage sepsis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yujin Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meishu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiong Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peipei Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Songrong Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Su Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Yost CC, Schwertz H, Cody MJ, Wallace JA, Campbell RA, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Araujo CV, Schubert S, Harris ES, Rowley JW, Rondina MT, Fulcher JM, Koening CL, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. Neonatal NET-inhibitory factor and related peptides inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3783-3798. [PMID: 27599294 DOI: 10.1172/jci83873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes, also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), extrude molecular lattices of decondensed chromatin studded with histones, granule enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides that are referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs capture and contain bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Nevertheless, experimental evidence indicates that NETs also cause inflammatory vascular and tissue damage, suggesting that identifying pathways that inhibit NET formation may have therapeutic implications. Here, we determined that neonatal NET-inhibitory factor (nNIF) is an inhibitor of NET formation in umbilical cord blood. In human neonatal and adult neutrophils, nNIF inhibits key terminal events in NET formation, including peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) activity, neutrophil nuclear histone citrullination, and nuclear decondensation. We also identified additional nNIF-related peptides (NRPs) that inhibit NET formation. nNIFs and NRPs blocked NET formation induced by pathogens, microbial toxins, and pharmacologic agonists in vitro and in mouse models of infection and systemic inflammation, and they improved mortality in murine models of systemic inflammation, which are associated with NET-induced collateral tissue injury. The identification of NRPs as neutrophil modulators that selectively interrupt NET generation at critical steps suggests their potential as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, our results indicate that nNIF may be an important regulator of NET formation in fetal and neonatal inflammation.
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