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Walrath T, Najarro KM, Giesy LE, Khair S, Frank DN, Robertson CE, Orlicky DJ, Quillinan N, Idrovo JP, McMahan RH, Kovacs EJ. REMOTE BURN INJURY IN AGED MICE INDUCES COLONIC LYMPHOID AGGREGATE EXPANSION AND DYSBIOSIS OF THE FECAL MICROBIOME WHICH CORRELATES WITH NEUROINFLAMMATION. Shock 2023; 60:585-593. [PMID: 37548929 PMCID: PMC10581426 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Earth's population is aging, and by 2050, one of six people will be 65 years or older. Therefore, proper treatment of injuries that disproportionately impact people of advanced age will be more important. Clinical studies reveal people 65 years or older account for 16.5% of all burn injuries and experience higher morbidity, including neurocognitive decline, and mortality that we and others believe are mediated, in part, by heightened intestinal permeability. Herein, we used our clinically relevant model of scald burn injury in young and aged mice to determine whether age and burn injury cooperate to induce heightened colonic damage, alterations to the fecal microbiome, and whether resultant changes in the microbiome correlate with neuroinflammation. We found that aged, burn-injured mice have an increase in colonic lymphoid aggregates, inflammation, and proinflammatory chemokine expression when compared with young groups and sham-injured aged mice. We then performed fecal microbiota sequencing and found a striking reduction in gut protective bacterial taxa, including Akkermansia , in the aged burn group compared with all other groups. This reduction correlated with an increase in serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-Dextran administered by gavage, indicating heightened intestinal permeability. Furthermore, loss of Akkermansia was highly correlated with increased messenger RNA expression of neuroinflammatory markers in the brain, including chemokine ligand 2, TNF-α, CXC motif ligand 1, and S100 calcium-binding protein A8. Finally, we discovered that postburn alterations in the microbiome correlated with measures of strength in all treatment groups, and those that performed better on the rotarod and hanging wire tests had higher abundance of Akkermansia than those that performed worse. Taken together, these findings indicate that loss of protective bacteria after burn injury in aged mice contributes to alterations in the colon, gut leakiness, neuroinflammation, and strength. Therefore, supplementation of protective bacteria, such as Akkermansia , after burn injury in aged patients may have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Walrath
- Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kevin M. Najarro
- Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lauren E. Giesy
- Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shanawaj Khair
- Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuronal Injury Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Juan-Pablo Idrovo
- Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel H. McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Huang Z, Huang Y, Chen J, Tang Z, Chen Y, Liu H, Huang M, Qing L, Li L, Wang Q, Jia B. The role and therapeutic potential of gut microbiome in severe burn. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:974259. [DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.974259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burn is a serious acute trauma that can lead to significant complications such as sepsis, multiple organ failure, and high mortality worldwide. The gut microbiome, the largest microbial reservoir in the human body, plays a significant role in this pathogenic process. Intestinal dysbiosis and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier are common after severe burn, leading to bacterial translocation to the bloodstream and other organs of the body, which is associated with many subsequent severe complications. The progression of some intestinal diseases can be improved by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and the levels of its metabolites, which also provides a promising direction for post-burn treatment. In this article, we summarised the studies describing changes in the gut microbiome after severe burn, as well as changes in the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Additionally, we presented the potential and challenges of microbial therapy, which may provide microbial therapy strategies for severe burn.
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Davis BT, Chen Z, Islam MB, Timken ME, Procissi D, Schwulst SJ. Fecal Microbiota Transfer Attenuates Gut Dysbiosis and Functional Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury. Shock 2022; 57:251-259. [PMID: 35759305 PMCID: PMC10341382 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an underrecognized public health threat. Survivors of TBI often suffer long-term neurocognitive deficits leading to the progressive onset of neurodegenerative disease. Recent data suggests that the gut-brain axis is complicit in this process. However, no study has specifically addressed whether fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) attenuates neurologic deficits after TBI. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that fecal microbiota transfer would attenuate neurocognitive, anatomic, and pathologic deficits after TBI. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to severe TBI (n = 20) or sham-injury (n = 20) via an open-head controlled cortical impact. Post-injury, this cohort of mice underwent weekly oral gavage with a slurry of healthy mouse stool or vehicle alone beginning 1 h post-TBI followed by behavioral testing and neuropathologic analysis. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed to characterize gut microbial community structure pre- and post-injury. Zero maze and open field testing were used to evaluate post-traumatic anxiety, exploratory behavior, and generalized activity. 3D, contrast enhanced, magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine differences in cortical volume loss and white matter connectivity. Prior to euthanasia, brains were harvested for neuropathologic analysis. RESULTS Fecal microbiome analysis revealed a large variance between TBI, and sham animals treated with vehicle, while FMT treated TBI mice had restoration of gut dysbiosis back to levels of control mice. Neurocognitive testing demonstrated a rescue of normal anxiety-like and exploratory behavior in TBI mice treated with FMT. FMT treated TBI mice spent a greater percentage of time (22%, P = 0.0001) in the center regions of the Open Field as compared to vehicle treated TBI mice (13%). Vehicle-treated TBI animals also spent less time (19%) in the open areas of zero maze than FMT treated TBI mice (30%, P = 0.0001). Comparing in TBI mice treated with FMT, MRI demonstrated a marked attenuation in ventriculomegaly (P < 0.002) and a significant change in fractional anisotropy (i.e., loss of white matter connectivity) (P < 0.0001). Histologic analysis of brain sections revealed a FMT- injury dependent interaction in the microglia/macrophage-specific ionized calcium-binding protein, Iba1 (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION These data suggest that restoring a pre-injury gut microbial community structure may be a promising therapeutic intervention after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Booker T. Davis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhangying Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mecca B.A.R. Islam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Madeline E. Timken
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniele Procissi
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven J. Schwulst
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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4
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Wang H, Wang H, Sun Y, Ren Z, Zhu W, Li A, Cui G. Potential Associations Between Microbiome and COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:785496. [PMID: 35004750 PMCID: PMC8727742 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.785496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has plunged the world into a major crisis. The disease is characterized by strong infectivity, high morbidity, and high mortality. It is still spreading in some countries. Microbiota and their metabolites affect human physiological health and diseases by participating in host digestion and nutrition, promoting metabolic function, and regulating the immune system. Studies have shown that human microecology is associated with many diseases, including COVID-19. In this research, we first reviewed the microbial characteristics of COVID-19 from the aspects of gut microbiome, lung microbime, and oral microbiome. We found that significant changes take place in both the gut microbiome and airway microbiome in patients with COVID-19 and are characterized by an increase in conditional pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Then, we summarized the possible microecological mechanisms involved in the progression of COVID-19. Intestinal microecological disorders in individuals may be involved in the occurrence and development of COVID-19 in the host through interaction with ACE2, mitochondria, and the lung-gut axis. In addition, fecal bacteria transplantation (FMT), prebiotics, and probiotics may play a positive role in the treatment of COVID-19 and reduce the fatal consequences of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Toni T, Alverdy J, Gershuni V. Re-examining chemically defined liquid diets through the lens of the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:903-911. [PMID: 34594028 PMCID: PMC8815794 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trends in nutritional science are rapidly shifting as information regarding the value of eating unprocessed foods and its salutary effect on the human microbiome emerge. Unravelling the evolution and ecology by which humans have harboured a microbiome that participates in every facet of health and disease is daunting. Most strikingly, the host habitat has sought out naturally occurring foodstuff that can fulfil its own metabolic needs and also the needs of its microbiota, each of which remain inexorably connected to one another. With the introduction of modern medicine and complexities of critical care, came the assumption that the best way to feed a critically ill patient is by delivering fibre-free chemically defined sterile liquid foods (that is, total enteral nutrition). In this Perspective, we uncover the potential flaws in this assumption and discuss how emerging technology in microbiome sciences might inform the best method of feeding malnourished and critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Toni
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Alverdy
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Gershuni
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Washington University in St Louis, Department of Surgery, St Louis, MO, USA,Corresponding author
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6
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Niu M, Chen P. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and sepsis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab036. [PMID: 34712743 PMCID: PMC8547143 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an overwhelming inflammatory response to microbial infection. Sepsis management remains a clinical challenge. The role of the gut microbiome in sepsis has gained some attention. Recent evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota regulate host physiological homeostasis mediators, including the immune system, gut barrier function and disease susceptibility pathways. Therefore, maintenance or restoration of microbiota and metabolite composition might be a therapeutic or prophylactic target against critical illness. Fecal microbiota transplantation and supplementation of probiotics are microbiota-based treatment methods that are somewhat limited in terms of evidence-based efficacy. This review focuses on the importance of the crosstalk between the gastrointestinal ecosystem and sepsis to highlight novel microbiota-targeted therapies to improve the outcomes of sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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7
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Burn injuries are a common form of traumatic injury that leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn injuries are characterized by inflammatory processes and alterations in numerous organ systems and functions. Recently, it has become apparent that the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiome is a key component of regulating the immune response and recovery from burn and can also contribute to significant detrimental sequelae after injury, such as sepsis and multiple organ failure. Microbial dysbiosis has been linked to multiple disease states; however, its role in exacerbating acute traumatic injuries, such as burn, is poorly understood. In this article, we review studies that document changes in the intestinal microbiome after burn injury, assess the implications in post-burn pathogenesis, and the potential for further discovery and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E. Luck
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Caroline J. Herrnreiter
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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8
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Sanjar F, Weaver AJ, Peacock TJ, Nguyen JQ, Brandenburg KS, Leung KP. Identification of Metagenomics Structure and Function Associated With Temporal Changes in Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Skin Microbiome During Health and Cutaneous Burn. J Burn Care Res 2021; 41:347-358. [PMID: 31665423 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous skin microbiome is host to a vast ensemble of resident microbes that provide essential capabilities including protection of skin barrier integrity and modulation of the host immune response. Cutaneous burn-injury promotes alteration of cutaneous and systemic immune response that can affect both commensal and pathogenic microbes. A cross-sectional study of a limited number of burn patients revealed a difference in the bacteriome of burned versus control participants. Temporal changes of the skin microbiome during health and cutaneous burn-injury remains largely unknown. Furthermore, how this microbial shift relates to community function in the collective metagenome remain elusive. Due to cost considerations and reduced healing time, rodents are frequently used in burn research, despite inherent physiological differences between rodents and human skin. Using a rat burn model, a longitudinal study was conducted to characterize the rat skin bacterial residents and associated community functions in states of health (n = 30) (sham-burned) and when compromised by burn-injury (n = 24). To address the knowledge gap, traumatic thermal injury and disruption of cutaneous surface is associated with genus-level changes in the microbiota, reduced bacterial richness, and altered representation of bacterial genes and associated predicted functions across different skin microbial communities. These findings demonstrate that, upon burn-injury, there is a shift in diversity of the skin's organismal assemblages, yielding a core microbiome that is distinct at the genome and functional level. Moreover, deviations from the core community correlate with temporal changes post-injury and community transition from the state of cutaneous health to disease (burn-injury).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanjar
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort, Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Alan J Weaver
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort, Sam Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jesse Q Nguyen
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort, Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth S Brandenburg
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort, Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Kai P Leung
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort, Sam Houston, Texas
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Kosakamoto H, Yamauchi T, Akuzawa-Tokita Y, Nishimura K, Soga T, Murakami T, Mori H, Yamamoto K, Miyazaki R, Koto A, Miura M, Obata F. Local Necrotic Cells Trigger Systemic Immune Activation via Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107938. [PMID: 32698005 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic cells elicit an inflammatory response through their endogenous factors with damage-associated molecular patterns. Blocking apoptosis in Drosophila wings leads to the necrosis-driven systemic immune response by unknown mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that immune activation in response to necrotic cells is mediated by commensal gut microbiota. Removing the microbiome attenuates hyperactivation of the innate immune signaling IMD pathway in necrosis-induced flies. Necrotic cells in wings trigger Gluconobacter expansion in the gut. An isolated Gluconobacter sp. strain is sufficient for pathological IMD activation in necrosis-induced flies, while it is not inflammatory for control animals. In addition, bacterial colonization shifts the host metabolome and shortens the lifespan of necrosis-induced flies. This study shows that local necrosis triggers a pathological systemic inflammatory response through interaction between the host and the dysbiotic gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Kosakamoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yamauchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoriko Akuzawa-Tokita
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kei Nishimura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takumi Murakami
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamamoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyazaki
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan; Computational Bio Big Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Koto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan; Computational Bio Big Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Díez-Sainz E, Lorente-Cebrián S, Aranaz P, Riezu-Boj JI, Martínez JA, Milagro FI. Potential Mechanisms Linking Food-Derived MicroRNAs, Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Functions in the Context of Nutrition and Human Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:586564. [PMID: 33768107 PMCID: PMC7985180 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.586564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules from 18 to 24 nucleotides that are produced by prokaryote and eukaryote organisms, which play a crucial role in regulating gene expression through binding to their mRNA targets. MiRNAs have acquired special attention for their potential in cross kingdom communication, notably food-derived microRNAs (xenomiRs), which could have an impact on microorganism and mammal physiology. In this review, we mainly aim to deal with new perspectives on: (1) The mechanism by which food-derived xenomiRs (mainly dietary plant xenomiRs) could be incorporated into humans through diet, in a free form, associated with proteins or encapsulated in exosome-like nanoparticles. (2) The impact of dietary plant-derived miRNAs in modulating gut microbiota composition, which in turn, could regulate intestinal barrier permeability and therefore, affect dietary metabolite, postbiotics or food-derived miRNAs uptake efficiency. Individual gut microbiota signature/composition could be also involved in xenomiR uptake efficiency through several mechanisms such us increasing the bioavailability of exosome-like nanoparticles miRNAs. (3) Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been proposed to contribute to disease development by affecting gut epithelial barrier permeability. For his reason, the availability and uptake of dietary plant xenomiRs might depend, among other factors, on this microbiota-related permeability of the intestine. We hypothesize and critically review that xenomiRs-microbiota interaction, which has been scarcely explored yet, could contribute to explain, at least in part, the current disparity of evidences found dealing with dietary miRNA uptake and function in humans. Furthermore, dietary plant xenomiRs could be involved in the establishment of the multiple gut microenvironments, in which microorganism would adapt in order to optimize the resources and thrive in them. Additionally, a particular xenomiR could preferentially accumulate in a specific region of the gastrointestinal tract and participate in the selection and functions of specific gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Díez-Sainz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Center for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lorente-Cebrián
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Center for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Aranaz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Center for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José I. Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Center for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Center for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Center for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Advanced Age Impairs Intestinal Antimicrobial Peptide Response and Worsens Fecal Microbiome Dysbiosis Following Burn Injury in Mice. Shock 2021; 53:71-77. [PMID: 30672882 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the commensal bacteria that comprise the gut microbiome is essential to both gut and systemic health. Traumatic injury, such as burn, elicits a number of changes in the gut, including a shift in the composition of the microbiome (dysbiosis), increased gut leakiness, and bacterial translocation into the lymphatic system and bloodstream. These effects are believed to contribute to devastating secondary complications following burn, including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and septic shock. Clinical studies demonstrate that advanced age causes a significant increase in mortality following burn, but the role of the gut in this age-dependent susceptibility has not been investigated. In this study, we combined our well-established murine model of scald burn injury with bacterial 16S-rRNA gene sequencing to investigate how burn injury affects the fecal microbiome in aged versus young mice. Of our treatment groups, the most substantial shift in gut microbial populations was observed in aged mice that underwent burn injury. We then profiled antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the ileum, and found that burn injury stimulated a 20-fold rise in levels of regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (Reg3γ), a 16-fold rise in regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3β), and an 8-fold rise in Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (Cramp) in young, but not aged mice. Advanced age alone elicited 5-fold higher levels of alpha defensin-related sequence1 (Defa-rs1) in the ileum, but this increase was lost following burn. Comparison of bacterial genera abundance and AMP expression across treatment groups revealed distinct correlation patterns between AMPs and individual genera. Our results reveal that burn injury drives microbiome dysbiosis and altered AMP expression in an age-dependent fashion, and highlight potential mechanistic targets contributing to the increased morbidity and mortality observed in elderly burn patients.
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Ochoa-Repáraz J, Ramelow CC, Kasper LH. A Gut Feeling: The Importance of the Intestinal Microbiota in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:510113. [PMID: 33193297 PMCID: PMC7604426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.510113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota constitutes a complex ecosystem in constant reciprocal interactions with the immune, neuroendocrine, and neural systems of the host. Recent molecular technological advances allow for the exploration of this living organ and better facilitates our understanding of the biological importance of intestinal microbes in health and disease. Clinical and experimental studies demonstrate that intestinal microbes may be intimately involved in the progression of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including those of affective and psychiatric nature. Gut microbes regulate neuroinflammatory processes, play a role in balancing the concentrations of neurotransmitters and could provide beneficial effects against neurodegeneration. In this review, we explore some of these reciprocal interactions between gut microbes and the CNS during experimental disease and suggest that therapeutic approaches impacting the gut-brain axis may represent the next avenue for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lloyd H. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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13
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Adiliaghdam F, Cavallaro P, Mohad V, Almpani M, Kühn F, Gharedaghi MH, Najibi M, Rahme LG, Hodin RA. Targeting the gut to prevent sepsis from a cutaneous burn. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137128. [PMID: 33004693 PMCID: PMC7566703 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burn injury induces gut barrier dysfunction and subsequently a profound systemic inflammatory response. In the present study, we examined the role of the small intestinal brush border enzyme, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), in preserving gut barrier function and preventing systemic inflammation after burn wound infection in mice. Mice were subjected to a 30% total body surface area dorsal burn with or without intradermal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mice were gavaged with 2000 units of IAP or vehicle at 3 and 12 hours after the insult. We found that both endogenously produced and exogenously supplemented IAP significantly reduced gut barrier damage, decreased bacterial translocation to the systemic organs, attenuated systemic inflammation, and improved survival in this burn wound infection model. IAP attenuated liver inflammation and reduced the proinflammatory characteristics of portal serum. Furthermore, we found that intestinal luminal contents of burn wound-infected mice negatively impacted the intestinal epithelial integrity compared with luminal contents of control mice and that IAP supplementation preserved monolayer integrity. These results indicate that oral IAP therapy may represent an approach to preserving gut barrier function, blocking proinflammatory triggers from entering the portal system, preventing gut-induced systemic inflammation, and improving survival after severe burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Adiliaghdam
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Cavallaro
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vidisha Mohad
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marianna Almpani
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florian Kühn
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohammad Hadi Gharedaghi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mehran Najibi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurence G Rahme
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard A Hodin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kohl HM, Castillo AR, Ochoa-Repáraz J. The Microbiome as a Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis: Can Genetically Engineered Probiotics Treat the Disease? Diseases 2020; 8:diseases8030033. [PMID: 32872621 PMCID: PMC7563507 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the intestinal microbiota as a critical regulator of the development and function of the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems. Experimental work in animal models has provided the foundation for clinical studies to investigate associations between microbiota composition and function and human disease, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Initial work done using an animal model of brain inflammation, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), suggests the existence of a microbiota-gut-brain axis connection in the context of MS, and microbiome sequence analyses reveal increases and decreases of microbial taxa in MS intestines. In this review, we discuss the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the immune system and the role of the microbiome-gut-brain axis in the neuroinflammatory disease MS. We also discuss experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that modulating the intestinal microbiota through genetically modified probiotics may provide immunomodulatory and protective effects as a novel therapeutic approach to treat this devastating disease.
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Salyer CE, Bomholt C, Beckmann N, Bergmann CB, Plattner CA, Caldwell CC. Novel Therapeutics for the Treatment of Burn Infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2020; 22:113-120. [PMID: 32429749 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burn injury continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and death, with infectious complications being the primary cause of death. Patients are susceptible to overwhelming infection secondary to both the physical breakdown of the skin and mucosal barrier and the immune dysfunction that accompanies the inflammatory response to a major burn. With resistance to traditional antibiosis looming as a serious threat to patient outcome, advancement in the treatment of burn infections is imperative. Methods: Between February 15 and March 15, 2020, a search of Pubmed and clinicaltrials.gov was performed using search terms such as "burn immunotherapy," "therapeutic microorganisms in burn," "burn infection clinical trials," and applicable variations. Results: Topical antimicrobial drugs continue to be standard of care for burn wound injuries, but personalized and molecular treatments that rely on immune manipulation of the host show great promise. We discuss novel therapeutics for the treatment of burn infection: Probiotics and therapeutic microorganisms, immune modulators, tailored monoclonal antibodies, and extracellular vesicles and proteins. Conclusions: The treatment strategies discussed employ manipulation of structure and function in host immune cells and pathogen virulence for improved outcomes in burn infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen E Salyer
- Division of Research and Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Bomholt
- Division of Research and Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nadine Beckmann
- Division of Research and Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian B Bergmann
- Division of Research and Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Courtney A Plattner
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research and Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Remodeling gut microbiota by Clostridium butyricum (C.butyricum) attenuates intestinal injury in burned mice. Burns 2020; 46:1373-1380. [PMID: 32014349 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysbiosis of gastrointestinal microbiome is an important reason for burn-induced intestinal injury. Clostridium butyricum (C.butyricum) and its production butyrate are beneficial for the homeostasis of intestinal microflora and suppression of inflammatory response. PURPOSE The roles of C.butyricum and butyrate in burn-induced intestinal injury were explored. The effects of oral administration of C.butyricum on intestinal injury were observed in burned mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The skin surface of mice was exposed to 95 °C water to induce a burn injury. Then the intestinal microbiome structure, abundance of C.butyricum and level of butyrate were respectively observed. The correction between intestinal permeability indicated by FITC dextran level and abundance of C.butyricum or level of butyrate was analyzed. C.butyricum was cultured and orally administrated to burned mice. The levels of butyrate, FITC dextran and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were respectively measured. RESULTS Burn injury altered the intestinal microbiome structure of mice, and especially decreased the abundance of C.butyricum and level of butyrate. Both the abundance of C.butyricum and the level of butyrate were negatively correlated with the intestinal permeability. Oral administration of C.butyricum increased the level of butyrate, decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and suppressed intestinal damage in burn-injured mice. CONCLUSION Oral administration of C.butyricum significantly alleviated the intestinal damage induced by burn injury. The therapeutic effects of C.butyricum and butyrate on burn injury should be further explored, which deserves further investigation.
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Sanjar F, Weaver AJ, Peacock TJ, Nguyen JQ, Brandenburg KS, Leung KP. Temporal shifts in the mycobiome structure and network architecture associated with a rat (Rattus norvegicus) deep partial-thickness cutaneous burn. Med Mycol 2020; 58:107-117. [PMID: 31041451 PMCID: PMC6939685 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With a diverse physiological interface to colonize, mammalian skin is the first line of defense against pathogen invasion and harbors a consortium of microbes integral in maintenance of epithelial barrier function and disease prevention. While the dynamic roles of skin bacterial residents are expansively studied, contributions of fungal constituents, the mycobiome, are largely overlooked. As a result, their influence during skin injury, such as disruption of skin integrity in burn injury and impairment of host immune defense system, is not clearly delineated. Burn patients experience a high risk of developing hard-to-treat fungal infections in comparison to other hospitalized patients. To discern the changes in the mycobiome profile and network assembly during cutaneous burn-injury, a rat scald burn model was used to survey the mycobiome in healthy (n = 30) (sham-burned) and burned (n = 24) skin over an 11-day period. The healthy skin demonstrated inter-animal heterogeneity over time, while the burned skin mycobiome transitioned toward a temporally stabile community with declining inter-animal variation starting at day 3 post-burn injury. Driven primarily by a significant increase in relative abundance of Candida, fungal species richness and abundance of the burned skin decreased, especially in days 7 and 11 post-burn. The network architecture of rat skin mycobiome displayed community reorganization toward increased network fragility and decreased stability compared to the healthy rat skin fungal network. This study provides the first account of the dynamic diversity observed in the rat skin mycobiome composition, structure, and network assembly associated with postcutaneous burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanjar
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alan J Weaver
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Trent J Peacock
- Office of Research Compliance, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jesse Q Nguyen
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth S Brandenburg
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kai P Leung
- Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
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18
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Disentangling the effect of host genetics and gut microbiota on resistance to an intestinal parasite. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:873-883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Feng Y, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang P, Wang F. Severe burn injury alters intestinal microbiota composition and impairs intestinal barrier in mice. BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:20. [PMID: 31312663 PMCID: PMC6610819 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The intestinal barrier integrity is crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and the mechanisms of intestinal barrier disruption induced by burn injury remain obscure. This study was aimed to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota and barrier function in burned mice to further comprehend the mechanisms of burn-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. Methods Samples were from mice inflicted with 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness burns. The intestinal permeability, tight junction proteins expressions, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) localization, inflammatory cytokines expressions, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents were determined. The microbial community was assessed via 16S rDNA Illumina sequencing. Results The intestinal permeability was increased after severe burn injury, peaking at 6 h post-burn, with approximately 20-folds of the control (p < 0.001). The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-2) was significantly altered (p < 0.05). The ZO-1 morphology was dramatically changed following burn injury. The fecal SCFAs’ contents (acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate) were noticeably declined after burn injury (p < 0.05). The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) in ileal mucosa were increased, whereas the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) were decreased following burn injury (p < 0.05). In addition, burned mice showed an alteration of intestinal microbial community, such as decreased diversity, reduced Bacteroidetes abundance, and increased Firmicutes abundance. Conclusions The severe burn-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction is along with the alterations of microbial community. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41038-019-0156-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Feng
- 1State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yalan Huang
- 2Department of Military Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- 3Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038 China
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20
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Stressed "Gut/Feeling". Cells 2019; 8:cells8070659. [PMID: 31262067 PMCID: PMC6678997 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammatory condition, hallmarked by a disturbance in the bidirectional interaction between gut and brain. In general, the gut/brain axis involves direct and/or indirect communication via the central and enteric nervous system, host innate immune system, and particularly the gut microbiota. This complex interaction implies that IBD is a complex multifactorial disease. There is increasing evidence that stress adversely affects the gut/microbiota/brain axis by altering intestinal mucosa permeability and cytokine secretion, thereby influencing the relapse risk and disease severity of IBD. Given the recurrent nature, therapeutic strategies particularly aim at achieving and maintaining remission of the disease. Alternatively, these strategies focus on preventing permanent bowel damage and concomitant long-term complications. In this review, we discuss the gut/microbiota/brain interplay with respect to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and particularly shed light on the role of stress. Hence, we evaluated the therapeutic impact of stress management in IBD.
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Rangan P, Choi I, Wei M, Navarrete G, Guen E, Brandhorst S, Enyati N, Pasia G, Maesincee D, Ocon V, Abdulridha M, Longo VD. Fasting-Mimicking Diet Modulates Microbiota and Promotes Intestinal Regeneration to Reduce Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathology. Cell Rep 2019; 26:2704-2719.e6. [PMID: 30840892 PMCID: PMC6528490 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions are potentially effective therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We tested the effect of 4-day fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) cycles on a chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine model resulting in symptoms and pathology associated with IBD. These FMD cycles reduced intestinal inflammation, increased stem cell number, stimulated protective gut microbiota, and reversed intestinal pathology caused by DSS, whereas water-only fasting increased regenerative and reduced inflammatory markers without reversing pathology. Transplants of Lactobacillus or fecal microbiota from DSS- and FMD-treated mice reversed DSS-induced colon shortening, reduced inflammation, and increased colonic stem cells. In a clinical trial, three FMD cycles reduced markers associated with systemic inflammation. The effect of FMD cycles on microbiota composition, immune cell profile, intestinal stem cell levels and the reversal of pathology associated with IBD in mice, and the anti-inflammatory effects demonstrated in a clinical trial show promise for FMD cycles to ameliorate IBD-associated inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rangan
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Inyoung Choi
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Gerardo Navarrete
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Esra Guen
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Nobel Enyati
- USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3551 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Gab Pasia
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Daral Maesincee
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Vanessa Ocon
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Maya Abdulridha
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3551 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milano 20139, Italy.
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Beckmann N, Pugh AM, Caldwell CC. Burn injury alters the intestinal microbiome's taxonomic composition and functional gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205307. [PMID: 30289947 PMCID: PMC6173435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn patients have a high risk of sepsis-related mortality even after surviving the initial injury. Immunosuppression increases the risk of sepsis after burn injury, as does the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which allows the translocation of bacteria and bacterial products into the circulation. The integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier is largely maintained by the intestinal microbiota. Burn injury has been reported to result in significant changes in the intestinal microbiome composition. In this mouse study, we confirm these taxonomic differences in a full-thickness scald injury model using CF-1 mice. For the first time, we also address alterations in functional gene expression of the intestinal microbiota after burn injury to assess the microbiome's physiological capabilities for overgrowth and pathogenic invasion: 38 pathways were differentially abundant between the sham and burn injury mice, including bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and gap- and adherens junction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amanda M. Pugh
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Charles C. Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The Use of Microbiome Restoration Therapeutics to Eliminate Intestinal Colonization With Multidrug-Resistant Organisms. Am J Med Sci 2018; 356:433-440. [PMID: 30384952 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) has been described by the World Health Organization as an increasingly serious threat to global public health. Many mechanisms of AR have become widespread due to global selective pressures such as widespread antibiotic use. The intestinal tract is an important reservoir for many multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), and next-generation sequencing has expanded understanding of the resistome, defined as the comprehensive sum of genetic determinants of AR. Intestinal decolonization has been explored as a strategy to eradicate MDROs with selective digestive tract decontamination and probiotics being notable examples with mixed results. This review focuses on fecal microbiota transplantation and the early evidence supporting its efficacy in decolonizing MDROs and potential mechanisms of action to reduce AR genes. Current evidence suggests that fecal microbiota transplantation may have promise in restoring healthy microbial diversity and reducing AR, and clinical trials are underway to better characterize its safety and efficacy.
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Howard BM, Kornblith LZ, Christie SA, Conroy AS, Nelson MF, Campion EM, Callcut RA, Calfee CS, Lamere BJ, Fadrosh DW, Lynch S, Cohen MJ. Characterizing the gut microbiome in trauma: significant changes in microbial diversity occur early after severe injury. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2017; 2:e000108. [PMID: 29766103 PMCID: PMC5877916 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2017-000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated the vital influence of commensal microbial communities on human health. The central role of the gut in the response to injury is well described; however, no prior studies have used culture-independent profiling techniques to characterize the gut microbiome after severe trauma. We hypothesized that in critically injured patients, the gut microbiome would undergo significant compositional changes in the first 72 hours after injury. Methods Trauma stool samples were prospectively collected via digital rectal examination at the time of presentation (0 hour). Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (n=12) had additional stool samples collected at 24 hours and/or 72 hours. Uninjured patients served as controls (n=10). DNA was extracted from stool samples and 16S rRNA-targeted PCR amplification was performed; amplicons were sequenced and binned into operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% sequence similarity). Diversity was analyzed using principle coordinates analyses, and negative binomial regression was used to determine significantly enriched OTUs. Results Critically injured patients had a median Injury Severity Score of 27 and suffered polytrauma. At baseline (0 hour), there were no detectable differences in gut microbial community diversity between injured and uninjured patients. Injured patients developed changes in gut microbiome composition within 72 hours, characterized by significant alterations in phylogenetic composition and taxon relative abundance. Members of the bacterial orders Bacteroidales, Fusobacteriales and Verrucomicrobiales were depleted during 72 hours, whereas Clostridiales and Enterococcus members enriched significantly. Discussion In this initial study of the gut microbiome after trauma, we demonstrate that significant changes in phylogenetic composition and relative abundance occur in the first 72 hours after injury. This rapid change in intestinal microbiota represents a critical phenomenon that may influence outcomes after severe trauma. A better understanding of the nature of these postinjury changes may lead to the ability to intervene in otherwise pathological clinical trajectories. Level of evidence III Study type Prognostic/epidemiological
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Howard
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucy Z Kornblith
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrinah A Christie
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda S Conroy
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary F Nelson
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric M Campion
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachael A Callcut
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brandon J Lamere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Douglas W Fadrosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchell Jay Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Gut microbiota trajectory in patients with severe burn: A time series study. J Crit Care 2017; 42:310-316. [PMID: 28822895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This time series experiments aimed to investigate the dynamic change of gut microbiomes after severe burn and its association with enteral nutrition (EN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven severely burned patients who suffered from a severe metal dust explosion injury were recruited in this study. The dynamic changes of gut microbiome of fecal samples at six time points (1-3days, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6weeks after severe burn) were detected using 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing technology. RESULTS Following the post-burn temporal order, gut microbiota dysbiosis was detected in the gut microbiome after severe burn, then it was gradually resolved. The bio-diversity of gut bacteria was initially decreased, and then returned to normal level. In addition, at the early stage (from 2 to 4weeks), the majority of those patients' gut microbiome were opportunistic pathogen genus, Enterococcus and Escherichia; while at the end of this study, the majority was a beneficial genus, Bacteroides. EN can promote the recovery of gut microbiota, especially in EN well-tolerated patients. CONCLUSIONS Severe burn injury can cause a dramatic dysbiosis of gut microbiota. A trend of enriched beneficial bacteria and diminished opportunistic pathogen bacteria may serve as prognosis microbiome biomarkers of severe burn patients.
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Huang G, Sun K, Yin S, Jiang B, Chen Y, Gong Y, Chen Y, Yang Z, Chen J, Yuan Z, Peng Y. Burn Injury Leads to Increase in Relative Abundance of Opportunistic Pathogens in the Rat Gastrointestinal Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1237. [PMID: 28729860 PMCID: PMC5498482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiome is crucial in human health. With greater than 10 times the cell count of an individual, the gastrointestinal microbiome provides many benefits to the host. It plays an important role in chronic illnesses and immune diseases and also following burns and trauma. This study aimed to determine whether severe burns affect the gastrointestinal microbiome during the early stages of after burn injury and the extent to which the microbiome is disturbed by such burns. We used a rat burn model to investigate any changes occurring in the microbiome after the burn trauma using 16S rRNA sequencing and downstream α-diversity, β-diversity, and taxonomy analysis. With 128631 and 143694 clean sequence reads, an average of 2287 and 2416 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were recognized before and after the burn injury, respectively. Bacterial diversity within the pre- and post-burn groups was similar according to OTU richness, Chao 1 index, Shannon index and ACE index. However, the constituents of the gastrointestinal microbiota changed after the burn injury. Compared with the pre-burn samples, the post-burn samples showed a tendency to cluster together. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes decreased after the burn injury. Also, the abundance of some probiotic organisms (i.e., butyrate-producing bacteria and Lactobacillus) decreased after the burn injury. In contrast, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as those of the genera Escherichia and Shigella and the phylum of Proteobacteria are more abundant post-burn. In conclusion, dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbiome was observed after the burn injury. Although the total number of species in the gastrointestinal microbiome did not differ significantly between the pre- and post-burn injury groups, the abundance of some bacterial components was affected to various extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Kedai Sun
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Supeng Yin
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yali Gong
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Zichen Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yuan
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yizhi Peng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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Mu Q, Kirby J, Reilly CM, Luo XM. Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:598. [PMID: 28588585 PMCID: PMC5440529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial lining, together with factors secreted from it, forms a barrier that separates the host from the environment. In pathologic conditions, the permeability of the epithelial lining may be compromised allowing the passage of toxins, antigens, and bacteria in the lumen to enter the blood stream creating a “leaky gut.” In individuals with a genetic predisposition, a leaky gut may allow environmental factors to enter the body and trigger the initiation and development of autoimmune disease. Growing evidence shows that the gut microbiota is important in supporting the epithelial barrier and therefore plays a key role in the regulation of environmental factors that enter the body. Several recent reports have shown that probiotics can reverse the leaky gut by enhancing the production of tight junction proteins; however, additional and longer term studies are still required. Conversely, pathogenic bacteria that can facilitate a leaky gut and induce autoimmune symptoms can be ameliorated with the use of antibiotic treatment. Therefore, it is hypothesized that modulating the gut microbiota can serve as a potential method for regulating intestinal permeability and may help to alter the course of autoimmune diseases in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Mu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jay Kirby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Rice TC, Armocida SM, Kuethe JW, Midura EF, Jain A, Hildeman DA, Healy DP, Gulbins E, Caldwell CC. Burn injury influences the T cell homeostasis in a butyrate-acid sphingomyelinase dependent manner. Cell Immunol 2016; 313:25-31. [PMID: 28063598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Following burn injury, a key factor for patients susceptible to opportunistic infections is immune suppression. Butyrate levels are important in maintaining a functional immune system and these levels can be altered after injury. The acid sphingomyelinase (Asm) lipid signaling system has been implicated in a T cell actions with some evidence of being influenced by butyrate. Here, we hypothesized that burn-injury changes in butyrate levels would mediate Asm activity and, consequently, T cell homeostasis. We demonstrate that burn injury temporally decreases butyrate levels. We further determined that T cell Asm activity is increased by butyrate and decreased after burn injury. We additionally observed decreased T cell numbers in Asm-deficient, burn-injured, and microbiota-depleted mice. Finally, we demonstrate that butyrate reduced T cell death in an Asm-dependent manner. These data suggest that restoration of butyrate after burn injury may ameliorate the T cell lost observed in burn-injured patients by Asm regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C Rice
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie M Armocida
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joshua W Kuethe
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily F Midura
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ayushi Jain
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel P Healy
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Wei Y, Yang J, Wang J, Yang Y, Huang J, Gong H, Cui H, Chen D. Successful treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and diarrhea following severe sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2016; 20:332. [PMID: 27751177 PMCID: PMC5067912 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the development of gut-derived infections, making it a potential therapeutic target against multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after sepsis. However, the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating this disease has been rarely investigated. Methods Two male patients, a 65-year-old and an 84-year-old, were initially diagnosed with cerebellar hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, respectively, after admission. During the course of hospitalization, both patients developed MODS, septic shock, and severe watery diarrhea. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Intestinal dysbiosis was confirmed by 16S rDNA-based molecular analysis of microbiota composition in fecal samples from the two patients. The two patients each received a single nasogastric infusion of sterile-filtered, pathogen-free feces from a healthy donor. Fecal samples were collected every two days post infusion to monitor changes in microbiota composition in response to treatment. Results Following FMT, MODS and severe diarrhea were alleviated in both patients. Their stool output and body temperature markedly declined and normalized. Significant modification of microbiota composition, characterized by a profound increase of commensals in the Firmicutes phylum and depletion of opportunistic organisms in the Proteobacteria phylum, was observed in both patients. Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria that was associated with a decrease in the patients’ fecal output and in the levels of plasma inflammation markers. Conclusions The outcome of treating two patients with FMT indicates that restoration of the intestinal microbiota barrier can alleviate the infection and modulate the immune response. These findings warrant further investigation of FMT as a putative new therapy for treating microbiota-related diseases such as MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hongli Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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30
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What's New In Shock, June 2016? Shock 2016; 45:577-9. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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