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Hernandez J, Schäffer J, Herden C, Pflieger FJ, Reiche S, Körber S, Kitagawa H, Welter J, Michels S, Culmsee C, Bier J, Sommer N, Kang JX, Mayer K, Hecker M, Rummel C. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate LPS-Induced ARDS and the Lung-Brain Axis of Communication in Wild-Type versus Fat-1 Mice Genetically Modified for Leukotriene B4 Receptor 1 or Chemerin Receptor 23 Knockout. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13524. [PMID: 37686333 PMCID: PMC10487657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and especially Resolvin E1 (RvE1) can actively terminate inflammation and promote healing during lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although ARDS primarily affects the lung, many ARDS patients also develop neurocognitive impairments. To investigate the connection between the lung and brain during ARDS and the therapeutic potential of SPMs and its derivatives, fat-1 mice were crossbred with RvE1 receptor knockout mice. ARDS was induced in these mice by intratracheal application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg). Mice were sacrificed at 0 h, 4 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 120 h post inflammation, and effects on the lung, liver, and brain were assessed by RT-PCR, multiplex, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and LC-MS/MS. Protein and mRNA analyses of the lung, liver, and hypothalamus revealed LPS-induced lung inflammation increased inflammatory signaling in the hypothalamus despite low signaling in the periphery. Neutrophil recruitment in different brain structures was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Overall, we showed that immune cell trafficking to the brain contributed to immune-to-brain communication during ARDS rather than cytokines. Deficiency in RvE1 receptors and enhanced omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels (fat-1 mice) affect lung-brain interaction during ARDS by altering profiles of several inflammatory and lipid mediators and glial activity markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hernandez
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia Schäffer
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Fabian Johannes Pflieger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Sylvia Reiche
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Svenja Körber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiromu Kitagawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Omiya, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Joelle Welter
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Susanne Michels
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany (C.C.)
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany (C.C.)
- Center for Mind Brain and Behavior, Universities Giessen and Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Bier
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Matthias Hecker
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (J.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.H.); (J.S.)
- Center for Mind Brain and Behavior, Universities Giessen and Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Liu Z, Wang W, Luo J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Gan Z, Shen X, Zhang Y, Meng X. Anti-Apoptotic Role of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction and Anisodamine in Endotoxemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:531325. [PMID: 33967742 PMCID: PMC8099151 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.531325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia is characterized by initial uncontrollable inflammation, terminal immune paralysis, significant cell apoptosis and tissue injury, which can aggravate or induce multiple diseases and become one of the complications of many diseases. Therefore, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic therapy is a valuable strategy for the treatment of endotoxemia-induced tissue injury. Traditional Chinese medicine exhibits great advantages in the treatment of endotoxemia. In this review, we have analyzed and summarized the active ingredients and their metabolites of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction, a famous formula in endotoxemia therapy. We then have summarized the mechanisms of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction against endotoxemia and its mediated tissue injury. Furthermore, silico strategy was used to evaluate the anti-apoptotic mechanism of anisodamine, a well-known natural product that widely used to improve survival in patients with septic shock. Finally, we also have summarized other anti-apoptotic natural products as well as their therapeutic effects on endotoxemia and its mediated tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liu
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunsen Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gan
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institutes of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Autophagy suppression plays a role in parenteral nutrition-associated lung injury. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:560-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Immunomodulation by an Omega-6 Fatty Acid Reduced Mixed Lipid Emulsion in Murine Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072048. [PMID: 32610690 PMCID: PMC7408915 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with both high morbidity and mortality in intensive care units worldwide. Patients with ARDS often require parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsions as essential components. In the present study, we assessed the immunomodulatory and apoptotic effects of a modern, n-6-reduced lipid emulsion mixture in murine ARDS. Methods: Mice received an infusion of either normal saline solution, pure long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsion, or SMOF (soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil) before a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Mice were sacrificed at different time points (0, 24, or 72 h) after ARDS induction, and an analysis of inflammatory cytokines, protein concentrations, and the cellular composition of the alveolar and interstitial compartments was performed with special focus on alveolar apoptosis and necrosis. Results: Mice infused with SMOF showed decreased leukocyte invasion, protein leakage, myeloperoxidase activity, and cytokine production in alveolar spaces after LPS challenge compared to animals that received LCT. There were fewer cells in the lung interstitium of the SMOF group compared to the LCT group. Both lipid emulsions exerted pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic properties on alveolar immune cells, with significantly increased necrosis in mice infused with LCT compared to SMOF. Conclusion: SMOF has both anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving influences in murine ARDS. Partial replacement of n-6 fatty acids with n-3/n-9 fatty acids may therefore benefit critically ill patients at risk for ARDS who require parenteral nutrition.
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Calder PC, Adolph M, Deutz NE, Grau T, Innes JK, Klek S, Lev S, Mayer K, Michael-Titus AT, Pradelli L, Puder M, Vlaardingerbroek H, Singer P. Lipids in the intensive care unit: Recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1-18. [PMID: 28935438 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes the presentations given at an ESPEN Workshop on "Lipids in the ICU" held in Tel Aviv, Israel in November 2014 and subsequent discussions and updates. Lipids are an important component of enteral and parenteral nutrition support and provide essential fatty acids, a concentrated source of calories and building blocks for cell membranes. Whilst linoleic acid-rich vegetable oil-based enteral and parenteral nutrition is still widely used, newer lipid components such as medium-chain triglycerides and olive oil are safe and well tolerated. Fish oil (FO)-enriched enteral and parenteral nutrition appears to be well tolerated and confers additional clinical benefits, particularly in surgical patients, due to its anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. Whilst the evidence base is not conclusive, there appears to be a potential for FO-enriched nutrition, particularly administered peri-operatively, to reduce the rate of complications and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay in surgical ICU patients. The evidence for FO-enriched nutrition in non-surgical ICU patients is less clear regarding its clinical benefits and additional, well-designed large-scale clinical trials need to be conducted in this area. The ESPEN Expert Group supports the use of olive oil and FO in nutrition support in surgical and non-surgical ICU patients but considers that further research is required to provide a more robust evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Adolph
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nutrition Support Team, University Clinic Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Teodoro Grau
- Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacqueline K Innes
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislaw Klek
- General and Oncology Surgery Unit, Intestinal Failure Center, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland
| | - Shaul Lev
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Med. Clinik II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Pradelli
- AdRes Health Economics and Outcomes Research, 10121 Turin, Italy
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hester Vlaardingerbroek
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hecker M, Behnk A, Morty RE, Sommer N, Vadász I, Herold S, Seeger W, Mayer K. PPAR-α activation reduced LPS-induced inflammation in alveolar epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2016; 41:393-403. [PMID: 26151160 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1046200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a major cause of mortality in intensive care patients. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) by fibrates, such as WY-14643 (WY), has been described to beneficially influence inflammation and experimental lung injury. The impact of PPAR-α activation on alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) has not been studied yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the effect of PPAR-α activator WY in wild-type (WT) and in PPAR-α knockout (PPAR-α(-/-)) animals, mice were treated in different regimes: mice received chow enriched with or without WY for 14 days prior AEC isolation (in-vivo treatment). Furthermore, isolated AEC from both groups were subsequently cultured with or without WY (in-vitro treatment). AEC were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell culture supernatant and cell lysate were used for analysis of pro-inflammatory mediators. RESULTS AEC challenged with LPS showed a significantly increased generation of pro-inflammatory mediators. After in-vivo WY-exposure, AEC displayed significantly reduced concentration of TNF-α, MIP-2, and TxB2 after LPS stimulation. This beneficial effect was abrogated in PPAR-α(-/-) animals. Interestingly, sole in-vitro application of WY-14643 failed to reduce levels of pro-inflammatory mediators whereas we found an additive effect of a combined in-vivo and in-vitro PPAR-α activation. PGE2 concentration remained high after LPS challenge and was unaffected by WY treatment. CONCLUSION PPAR-α activation by in-vivo exposure to fibrates reduced the inflammatory response in isolated AEC. These findings may facilitate further studies investigating the translation of pharmacological PPAR-α activation into clinical therapy of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hecker
- a 1 University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) , Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Aniella Behnk
- a 1 University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) , Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory Edward Morty
- b 2 Department of Lung Development and Remodelling , Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- a 1 University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) , Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- a 1 University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) , Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- a 1 University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) , Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- a 1 University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) , Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen , Giessen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- a 1 University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) , Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen , Giessen, Germany
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Li X, Zhang X, Yang E, Zhang N, Cao S, Zhou Y. Fish oil-supplemented parenteral nutrition could alleviate acute lung injury, modulate immunity, and reduce inflammation in rats with abdominal sepsis. Nutr Res 2015; 35:784-91. [PMID: 26231659 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to confirm that intravenous fish oil (FO) emulsions could alleviate acute lung injury, modulate immunity, and reduce inflammation in rats with abdominal sepsis and to explore the mechanisms of these effects. Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. Two days after central venous catheterization, rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture to produce abdominal sepsis. Rats were assigned to receive normal saline or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) containing standard soybean oil emulsions or FO-supplemented TPN at the onset of sepsis for 5 days. A sham operation and control treatment were performed in control group rats. Acute lung injury scores, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, plasma cytokines, and Foxp3 expression in the spleen were determined. Compared with the normal saline and TPN without FO, FO-supplemented TPN beneficially altered the distributions of the T-lymphocyte subsets and downregulated the acute lung injury scores, plasma cytokines, and expression of Foxp3 due to sepsis. Fish oil-supplemented TPN can decrease acute lung injury scores, alleviate histopathology, reduce the bacterial load in the peritoneal lavage fluid, modulate the lymphocyte subpopulation in the peripheral blood, downregulate Foxp3 expression in the spleen, and reduce plasma cytokines, which means that FO-supplemented TPN can alleviate acute lung injury, modulate immunity, and reduce inflammation in rats with abdominal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianxiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Enqin Yang
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nanyang Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shougen Cao
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Zhou Y, Li E, Li Y, Liu S. Attenuating sevoflurane-induced cellular injury of human peripheral lymphocytes by propofol in a concentration-dependent manner. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1535-43. [PMID: 21975816 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane, one of the most commonly used inhalation anesthetics, induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in lymphocytes. Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, exhibits antiapoptotic and antioxidative activities. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether propofol attenuates sevoflurane-induced cellular injury in human peripheral lymphocytes. Lymphocytes harvested from healthy volunteers were assigned to treatments with different concentrations of propofol, or 8% sevoflurane, or their combination. Propofol at concentrations of 5, 10 or 25 μg/mL had little effect, but 50 μg/mL propofol or 8% sevoflurane significantly reduced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΦm), and increased cell apoptosis, activation of caspase-3 and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, compared with untreated cells. Five and ten μg/mL propofol attenuated the impact of sevoflurane on cell viability, apoptosis and ΔΦm, and 5, 10 and 25 μg/mL propofol inhibited the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species stimulated by sevoflurane. However, a combination of 50 μg/mL propofol and 8% sevoflurane led to more severe cellular injury than sevoflurane alone. The results suggest that propofol can attenuate sevoflurane-induced cellular injury of human peripheral lymphocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, providing a rational for the clinical use of sevoflurane combined with appropriate doses of propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Heilongjiang 150001, China
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Vadász I, Sznajder JI. Update in acute lung injury and critical care 2010. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1147-52. [PMID: 21531954 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201102-0327up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Enhanced Expression of Single Immunoglobulin IL-1 Receptor-Related Molecule Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Shock 2011; 35:198-204. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181f226f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Effects of short-term infusion of lipid emulsions on pro-inflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte apoptosis in septic and non-septic rats. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:27-32. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510005751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Long-term administration of PUFA is known to modulate immune functions and apoptotic pathways depending on the respective amount of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA). Data on short-term effects on apoptotic pathways are rare. Apoptosis of splenic lymphocytes is the hallmark of detrimental sepsis. Therefore, we aimed to compare the immediate effects of parenterally administered n-6-enriched soyabean oil (SO)- and n-3-enriched fish oil (FO)-based lipid emulsions after laparotomy (LAP; sham procedure) and after induction of acute, severe sepsis by caecal ligation and incision. After 390 min of observation time, plasma was analysed for IL-1β, IL-6 and NEFA. Apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes was quantified by Annexin-V expression. After LAP, infusion of both FO and SO did not change cytokine concentrations. Sepsis increased both cytokines. FO but not SO further augmented the rise. After LAP, SO increased NEFA, and both lipid emulsions reduced free arachidonic acid (AA). Sepsis resulted in a dramatic decrease in NEFA and AA. The drop in NEFA and AA was prevented by both SO and FO. In addition, FO resulted in an increased concentration of n-3 FA under both conditions. Infusion of both lipid emulsions induced apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes after LAP. Sepsis-induced apoptosis was not further enhanced by FO or SO. The present study shows that short-term administration of FO as opposed to SO caused pro-inflammatory effects during sepsis. Moreover, short-term administration of both SO and FO suffices to induce apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes. Finally, SO and FO do not further enhance sepsis-induced splenic apoptosis.
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Mayer K, Seeger W. Fish oil-containing lipid emulsions in patients with sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2010; 14:128. [PMID: 20236465 PMCID: PMC2887116 DOI: 10.1186/cc8882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid emulsions based on soybean oil have been an integral part of parenteral nutrition supplying n-6 fatty acids, with possible negative effects in critically ill patients. Newer lipid emulsions supply less n-6 fatty acids. In addition, fish oil-based lipids may be included in the lipid component of parenteral nutrition. While clinical benefits of lipid emulsions with a reduced fraction in n-6 lipids and the addition of fish oil have been described in postoperative patients, data are less clear in critically ill or septic patients. Recent data suggest that beneficial effects may be achieved when used early but clearly more data are needed to come to a definitive conclusion. The present commentary will highlight current data in critically ill and septic patients and the use of fish oil as a part of parenteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Mayer
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Medical Clinic II, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, Giessen, Germany.
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What's new in Shock, February 2010? Shock 2010; 33:109-12. [PMID: 20081494 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181cd567e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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