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Knoph CS, Cook ME, Novovic S, Hansen MB, Mortensen MB, Nielsen LBJ, Høgsberg IM, Salomon C, Neergaard CEL, Aajwad AJ, Pandanaboyana S, Sørensen LS, Thorlacius-Ussing O, Frøkjær JB, Olesen SS, Drewes AM. No Effect of Methylnaltrexone on Acute Pancreatitis Severity: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2024:00000434-990000000-01208. [PMID: 38916223 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioids used to manage severe pain in acute pancreatitis (AP) might exacerbate the disease through effects on gastrointestinal and immune functions. Methylnaltrexone, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist, may counteract these effects without changing analgesia. METHODS This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial included adult patients with AP and systemic inflammatory response syndrome at 4 Danish centers. Patients were randomized to receive 5 days of continuous intravenous methylnaltrexone (0.15 mg/kg/d) or placebo added to the standard of care. The primary end point was the Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System score after 48 hours of treatment. Main secondary outcomes included pain scores, opioid use, disease severity, and mortality. RESULTS In total, 105 patients (54% men) were randomized to methylnaltrexone (n = 51) or placebo (n = 54). After 48 hours, the Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System score was 134.3 points in the methylnaltrexone group and 130.5 points in the placebo group (difference 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] -40.1 to 47.6; P = 0.87). At 48 hours, we found no differences between the groups in pain severity (0.0, 95% CI -0.8 to 0.9; P = 0.94), pain interference (-0.3, 95% CI -1.4 to 0.8; P = 0.55), and morphine equivalent doses (6.5 mg, 95% CI -2.1 to 15.2; P = 0.14). Methylnaltrexone also did not affect the risk of severe disease (8%, 95% CI -11 to 28; P = 0.38) and mortality (6%, 95% CI -1 to 12; P = 0.11). The medication was well tolerated. DISCUSSION Methylnaltrexone treatment did not achieve superiority over placebo for reducing the severity of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Siggaard Knoph
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ellgaard Cook
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Srdan Novovic
- Pancreatitis Centre East, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Berner Hansen
- Digestive Disease Centre K, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Bau Mortensen
- Odense Pancreas Centre, HPB Section, Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Liv Bjerre Juul Nielsen
- Digestive Disease Centre K, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Maria Høgsberg
- Odense Pancreas Centre, HPB Section, Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Celina Salomon
- Department of Surgery A4, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jens Brøndum Frøkjær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Schou Olesen
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Mech-Sense and Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Saeed A, Yasmin A, Baig M, Ahmed MA, Farooqi ZUR. Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 isolated from human milk reduce chemokine IL-8 production in response to TNF-α in Caco-2 cell line, an exploratory study. Cytokine 2023; 168:156232. [PMID: 37224578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Streptococci are a predominant genera of the human milk microbiome. Among different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) a few Streptococcal strains are also considered as probiotics. Probiotic bacteria are reported to modulate immunity when consumed in adequate amount and bacterial hydrophobicity can be considered as a preliminary experiment for the adhesive capability of probiotic bacteria to the epithelial cells. The present study aimed to investigate the probiotic, hydrophobic and immune modulation property of Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620, isolated from human milk. S. lactarius MB622 and S. salivarius MB620 displayed higher hydrophobicity (78 % and 59 % respectively) in addition to intrinsic probiotic properties such as gram positive classification, catalase negative activity, resistance to artificially stimulated gastric juice and gastrointestinal bile salt concentration. In conclusion Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 isolated from human milk when administered in sufficient amount and for certain duration could be used to reduce inflammation inside the colon by reducing the production of inflammatory booster (IL-8) in diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saeed
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Baig
- Surgical Unit II, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan
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Docsa T, Sipos A, Cox CS, Uray K. The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Development of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6917. [PMID: 35805922 PMCID: PMC9266627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding intolerance and the development of ileus is a common complication affecting critically ill, surgical, and trauma patients, resulting in prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stays, increased infectious complications, a higher rate of hospital readmission, and higher medical care costs. Medical treatment for ileus is ineffective and many of the available prokinetic drugs have serious side effects that limit their use. Despite the large number of patients affected and the consequences of ileus, little progress has been made in identifying new drug targets for the treatment of ileus. Inflammatory mediators play a critical role in the development of ileus, but surprisingly little is known about the direct effects of inflammatory mediators on cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and many of the studies are conflicting. Understanding the effects of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines on the development of ileus will facilitate the early identification of patients who will develop ileus and the identification of new drug targets to treat ileus. Thus, herein, we review the published literature concerning the effects of inflammatory mediators on gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Adám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Charles S. Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.D.); (A.S.)
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Strowitzki MJ, Nelson R, Garcia MP, Tuffs C, Bleul MB, Fitzsimons S, Navas J, Uzieliene I, Ritter AS, Phelan D, Kierans SJ, Blanco A, Bernotiene E, Belton O, Schneider M, Cummins EP, Taylor CT. Carbon Dioxide Sensing by Immune Cells Occurs through Carbonic Anhydrase 2-Dependent Changes in Intracellular pH. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2363-2375. [PMID: 35477686 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CO2, the primary gaseous product of respiration, is a major physiologic gas, the biology of which is poorly understood. Elevated CO2 is a feature of the microenvironment in multiple inflammatory diseases that suppresses immune cell activity. However, little is known about the CO2-sensing mechanisms and downstream pathways involved. We found that elevated CO2 correlates with reduced monocyte and macrophage migration in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery and that elevated CO2 reduces migration in vitro. Mechanistically, CO2 reduces autocrine inflammatory gene expression, thereby inhibiting macrophage activation in a manner dependent on decreased intracellular pH. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) uncouples a CO2-elicited intracellular pH response and attenuates CO2 sensitivity in immune cells. Conversely, CRISPR-driven upregulation of the isoenzyme CA2 confers CO2 sensitivity in nonimmune cells. Of interest, we found that patients with chronic lung diseases associated with elevated systemic CO2 (hypercapnia) display a greater risk of developing anastomotic leakage following gastrointestinal surgery, indicating impaired wound healing. Furthermore, low intraoperative pH levels in these patients correlate with reduced intestinal macrophage infiltration. In conclusion, CO2 is an immunomodulatory gas sensed by immune cells through a CA2-coupled change in intracellular pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz J Strowitzki
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ross Nelson
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mario P Garcia
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher Tuffs
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc B Bleul
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen Fitzsimons
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Javier Navas
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alina S Ritter
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Phelan
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah J Kierans
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Orina Belton
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland;
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Margetts G, Kleidonas S, Zaibi NS, Zaibi MS, Edwards KD. Evidence for anti-inflammatory effects and modulation of neurotransmitter metabolism by Salvia officinalis L. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:131. [PMID: 35550086 PMCID: PMC9101933 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive health is of great interest to society, with neuroinflammation and systemic inflammation age-related risk factors that are linked to declines in cognitive performance. Several botanical ingredients have been suggested to have benefits in this area including Salvia officinalis (sage), which has shown anti-inflammatory effects and exhibited promising cognitive improvements in multiple human studies. The current study demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects for S. officinalis across a broad set of in vitro models in human cells, and adds further evidence to support modulation of acetylcholine and monoamine neurostransmitter levels as mechanisms that contribute towards the benefits of the herb on cognitive health. Methods The effect of S. officinalis extract on release of multiple cytokines and chemokines was measured in human primary intestinal epithelial cells treated with or without LPS stimulation, and Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) cells in presence or absence of recombinant IL-17A and/or Human IL-17RA/IL-17R Antibody. Antioxidant effects were also assessed in BBB cells incubated with the extract and H2O2. The anti-inflammatory effects of S. officinalis extract were further assessed based on clinically-relevant biomarker readouts across 12 human primary cell-based disease models of the BioMAP Diversity PLUS panel. Results S. officinalis showed significant attenuation of the release of most cytokines/chemokines into apical media in LPS-stimulated intestinal cells, but small increases in the release of markers including IL-6, IL-8 in basolateral media; where TNF-α was the only marker to be significantly reduced. S. officinalis attenuated the release of CRP and VCAM-1 from BBB cells under IL-17A induced conditions, and also decreased H2O2 induced ROS overproduction in these cells. Phenotypic profiling with the BioMAP Diversity PLUS Panel identified additional anti-inflammatory mediators, and based on a similarity search analysis suggested potential mechanistic similarity to caffeic acid and drugs known to inhibit COMT and MAO activity to modulate monoamine metabolism. Subsequent in vitro assessment showed that S. officinalis was able to inhibit the activity of these same enzymes. Conclusions S. officinalis extract showed anti-inflammatory effects across multiple human cell lines, which could potentially reduce peripheral inflammation and support cognitive health. S. officinalis extract also showed the ability to inhibit enzymes related to the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, suggesting possible dopaminergic and serotonergic effects acting alongside proposed cholinergic effects to mediate acute cognitive performance benefits previously demonstrated for the extract. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03605-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Margetts
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Institute for Biomedical and Bioscience Research, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham, MK18 1EG, UK
| | - Sotirios Kleidonas
- Sibelius Ltd, 20 East Central, 127 Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4SA, UK
| | - Nawel S Zaibi
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Hospital Claude Huriez, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mohamed S Zaibi
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Institute for Biomedical and Bioscience Research, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham, MK18 1EG, UK.
| | - Kieron D Edwards
- Sibelius Ltd, 20 East Central, 127 Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4SA, UK.
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Elfar W, Gurjar AA, Talukder MAH, Noble M, Di Lorenzo C, Elfar J. Erythropoietin promotes functional recovery in a mouse model of postoperative ileus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14049. [PMID: 33368893 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmotility and postoperative ileus (POI) are major clinical problems after surgical trauma and it is associated with increased intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite the high occurrence of POI following intra-abdominal surgeries, no effective treatment is currently available. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a multifunctional tissue-protective cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and it is an FDA approved medicine for clinical use. While both EPO and EPO receptors (EPOR) are widely expressed in the gut, the role of EPO in POI is largely unknown. This study was designed to explore the possible beneficial effect of EPO in a mouse model of POI. METHODS Mice were subjected to intestinal manipulation to induce standard POI and intestinal transit time was determined at 24-h post-injury with or without EPO treatment (5000 units/kg, once, IP, immediately after intestinal trauma). Intestinal samples were harvested for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Systemic EPO significantly improved intestinal transit time compared with control group and it was associated with significantly increased levels of tissue macrophages and reduced levels of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES This is the first pre-clinical study to document novel beneficial effects of EPO in gut dysmotility and our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of EPO in POI is predominantly mediated by its anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Elfar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anagha A Gurjar
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopedics and Translational Sciences (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M A Hassan Talukder
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopedics and Translational Sciences (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Carlo Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Elfar
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Orthopedics and Translational Sciences (CORTS), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Li M, Ding L, Hu YL, Qin LL, Wu Y, Liu W, Wu LL, Liu TH. Herbal formula LLKL ameliorates hyperglycaemia, modulates the gut microbiota and regulates the gut-liver axis in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:367-382. [PMID: 33215869 PMCID: PMC7810939 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LLKL, a new traditional Chinese medicine formula containing Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn., Sibiraea angustata and Crocus sativus L. (saffron), was designed to ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite the therapeutic benefits of LLKL, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study evaluated the LLKL anti-diabetic efficacy and its effect on gut microbiota to elucidate its mechanism of action in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. We found that administration of different LLKL concentrations (4.68, 2.34 and 1.17 g/kg/d) improved several diabetic parameters after a 6-week treatment. Moreover, LLKL modulated gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased the expression of occluding and maintained intestinal epithelial homeostasis, leading to a reduction in LPS, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis showed that the Toll-like receptor signalling pathway was markedly enriched by LLKL treatment. RT-qPCR results validated that LLKL treatment decreased the expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and CTSK. Furthermore, a gene set enrichment analysis indicated that LLKL enhanced the insulin signalling pathway and inhibited glycerolipid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism, which were verified by the liver biochemical analysis. These findings demonstrate that LLKL ameliorates hyperglycaemia, modulates the gut microbiota and regulates the gut-liver axis, which might contribute to its anti-diabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Tibetan Medical College, Lhasa, China
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Intestinal Epithelium-Derived Luminally Released Extracellular Vesicles in Sepsis Exhibit the Ability to Suppress TNF-a and IL-17A Expression in Mucosal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228445. [PMID: 33182773 PMCID: PMC7696152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disorder induced by a dysregulated immune response to infection resulting in dysfunction of multiple critical organs, including the intestines. Previous studies have reported contrasting results regarding the abilities of exosomes circulating in the blood of sepsis mice and patients to either promote or suppress inflammation. Little is known about how the gut epithelial cell-derived exosomes released in the intestinal luminal space during sepsis affect mucosal inflammation. To study this question, we isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from intestinal lavage of septic mice. The EVs expressed typical exosomal (CD63 and CD9) and epithelial (EpCAM) markers, which were further increased by sepsis. Moreover, septic-EV injection into inflamed gut induced a significant reduction in the messaging of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-17A. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling and reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed a sepsis-induced exosomal increase in multiple miRNAs, which putatively target TNF-α and IL-17A. These results imply that intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-derived luminal EVs carry miRNAs that mitigate pro-inflammatory responses. Taken together, our study proposes a novel mechanism by which IEC EVs released during sepsis transfer regulatory miRNAs to cells, possibly contributing to the amelioration of gut inflammation.
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Perioperative Fluid Accumulation Impairs Intestinal Contractility to a Similar Extent as Peritonitis and Endotoxemia. Shock 2019; 50:735-740. [PMID: 29251668 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative resuscitation with large amounts of fluid may cause tissue edema, especially in the gut, and thereby impairing its functions. This is especially relevant in sepsis where capillaries become leaky and fluid rapidly escapes to the pericapillary tissue. We assessed the effects of endotoxemia and peritonitis, and the use of high and moderate volume fluid resuscitation on jejunal contractility. We hypothesized that both endotoxemia and peritonitis impair jejunum contractility and relaxation, and that this effect is aggravated in peritonitis and with high fluid administration. METHODS Pigs were randomized to endotoxin (n = 16), peritonitis (n = 16), or sham operation (n = 16), and either high (20 mL/kg/h) or moderate volume (10 mL/kg/h) fluid resuscitation for 24 h or until death. At the end of the experiment, jejunal contractility and relaxation were measured in vitro using acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside reactivity, and the effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition (NOS-I) was assessed. RESULTS Mortality in the respective groups was 88% (peritonitis high), 75% (endotoxemia high), 50% (peritonitis moderate), 13% (endotoxemia moderate and sham operation high), and 0% (sham operation moderate volume resuscitation). Although gut perfusion was preserved in all groups, jejunal contractility was impaired in the two peritonitis and two endotoxemia groups, and similarly also in the sham operation group treated with high but not with moderate volume fluid resuscitation (model-fluid-contraction-interaction, P = 0.036; maximal contractility 136 ± 28% [average of both peritonitis, both endotoxemia and sham operation high-volume groups) vs. 170 ± 74% of baseline [sham operation moderate-volume group]). NOS-I reduced contractility (contraction-inhibition-interaction, P = 0.011) without significant differences between groups and relaxation was affected neither by peritonitis and endotoxemia nor by the fluid regimen. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal contractility is similarly impaired during peritonitis and during endotoxemia. Moreover, perioperative high-volume fluid resuscitation in sham-operated animals also decreases intestinal contractility. This may have consequences for postoperative recovery.
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Qian WH, Liu YY, Li X, Pan Y. MicroRNA-141 ameliorates alcoholic hepatitis‑induced intestinal injury and intestinal endotoxemia partially via a TLR4-dependent mechanism. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:569-581. [PMID: 31173169 PMCID: PMC6605973 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a fatal inflammatory syndrome with no effective treatments. Intestinal injury and intestinal endotoxemia (IETM) contribute greatly in the development of AH. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been reported to affect intestinal injury. The present study aims to investigate the role of miR-141 in intestinal injury and IETM of AH. An AH model was successfully established in mice and they were the injected with a series of miR-141 mimic, miR-141 inhibitor or toll like receptor 4 monoclonal antibody (TLR4mAb; an inhibitor of the Toll-like receptor TLR pathway). After that, the intestinal tissues and intestinal epithelial cells were isolated from differently treated AH mice. The expression of miR-141 and TLR pathway-associated genes and the levels of inflammatory factors were determined. Furthermore, a target prediction program and a luciferase reporter assay were employed to examine whether miR-141 targets TLR4. Finally, MTT and transwell assays were carried out to detect cell viability and cell permeability. Intestinal tissues from AH mice treated with miR-141 mimic or TLR4mAb exhibited lower levels of inflammatory factors and reduced expression of the TLR pathway-associated genes, suggesting a decreased inflammatory response as well as inactivation of the TLR pathway by miR-141. The luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-141 negatively regulated TLR4. Intestinal epithelial cells treated with miR-141 mimic or TLR4mAb demonstrated enhanced viability and reduced permeability. Opposite results were observed in AH mice treated with a miR-141 inhibitor. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that miR-141 could ameliorate intestinal injury and repress the progression of IETM through targeting TLR4 and inhibiting the TLR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-He Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223302, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223302, P.R. China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
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Ramendra R, Isnard S, Mehraj V, Chen J, Zhang Y, Finkelman M, Routy JP. Circulating LPS and (1→3)-β-D-Glucan: A Folie à Deux Contributing to HIV-Associated Immune Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:465. [PMID: 30967860 PMCID: PMC6430738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune activation is the driving force behind the occurrence of AIDS and non-AIDS events, and is only partially reduced by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Soon after HIV infection, intestinal CD4+ T cells are depleted leading to epithelial gut damage and subsequent translocation of microbes and/or their products into systemic circulation. Bacteria and fungi are the two most abundant populations of the gut microbiome. Circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1→3)-β-D-Glucan (βDG), major components of bacterial and fungal cell walls respectively, are measured as markers of microbial translocation in the context of compromised gut barriers. While LPS is a well-known inducer of innate immune activation, βDG is emerging as a significant source of monocyte and NK cell activation that contributes to immune dysfunction. Herein, we critically evaluated recent literature to untangle the respective roles of LPS and βDG in HIV-associated immune dysfunction. Furthermore, we appraised the relevance of LPS and βDG as biomarkers of disease progression and immune activation on ART. Understanding the consequences of elevated LPS and βDG on immune activation will provide insight into novel therapeutic strategies against the occurrence of AIDS and non-AIDS events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayoun Ramendra
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vikram Mehraj
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yonglong Zhang
- Associates of Cape Cod Inc., Falmouth, MA, United States
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Wang Y, Wang X, Yang W, Zhao X, Zhang R. Effect of Simvastatin on the Intestinal Rho/ROCK Signaling Pathway in Rats With Sepsis. J Surg Res 2018; 232:531-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Fortuna D, Hooper DC, Roberts AL, Harshyne LA, Nagurney M, Curtis MT. Potential role of CSF cytokine profiles in discriminating infectious from non-infectious CNS disorders. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205501. [PMID: 30379898 PMCID: PMC6209186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current laboratory testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not consistently discriminate between different central nervous system (CNS) disease states. Rapidly distinguishing CNS infections from other brain and spinal cord disorders that share a similar clinical presentation is critical. New approaches focusing on aspects of disease biology, such as immune response profiles that can have stimulus-specific attributes, may be helpful. We undertook this preliminary proof-of-concept study using multiplex ELISA to measure CSF cytokine levels in various CNS disorders (infections, autoimmune/demyelinating diseases, lymphomas, and gliomas) to determine the potential utility of cytokine patterns in differentiating CNS infections from other CNS diseases. Both agglomerative hierarchical clustering and mixture discriminant analyses revealed grouping of CNS disease types based on cytokine expression. To further investigate the ability of CSF cytokine levels to distinguish various CNS disease states, non-parametric statistical analysis was performed. Mann-Whitney test analysis demonstrated that CNS infections are characterized by significantly higher CSF lP-10/CXCL10 levels than the pooled non-infectious CNS disorders (p = 0.0001). Within the infection group, elevated levels of MDC/CCL22 distinguished non-viral from viral infections (p = 0.0048). Each disease group of the non-infectious CNS disorders independently showed IP-10/CXCL10 levels that are significantly lower than the infection group [(autoimmune /demyelinating disorders (p = 0.0005), lymphomas (p = 0.0487), gliomas (p = 0.0294), and controls (p = 0.0001)]. Additionally, of the non-infectious diseases, gliomas can be distinguished from lymphomas by higher levels of GRO/CXCL1 (p = 0.0476), IL-7 (p = 0.0119), and IL-8 (p = 0.0460). Gliomas can also be distinguished from autoimmune/demyelinating disorders by higher levels of GRO/CXCL1 (p = 0.0044), IL-7 (p = 0.0035) and IL-8 (p = 0.0176). Elevated CSF levels of PDGF-AA distinguish lymphomas from autoimmune/demyelinating cases (p = 0.0130). Interrogation of the above comparisons using receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) values (ranging from 0.8636–1.0) that signify good to excellent utility as potential diagnostic discriminators. In conclusion, our work indicates that upon formal validation, measurement of CSF cytokine levels may have clinical utility in both identifying a CNS disorder as infectious in etiology and, furthermore, in distinguishing viral from non-viral CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fortuna
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - D. Craig Hooper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amity L. Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Larry A. Harshyne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle Nagurney
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Curtis
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The Protective Mechanism of CAY10683 on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Acute Liver Failure through LPS/TLR4/MyD88 Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7859601. [PMID: 29725271 PMCID: PMC5872593 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7859601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of HDAC2 inhibitor CAY10683 on intestinal mucosal barrier in acute liver failure (ALF). In order to establish ALF-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption models, D-galactosamine/LPS and LPS were, respectively, used with rats and NCM460 cell and then administrated with CAY10683. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured to detect the permeability of cells. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the key mRNA and protein levels. The intestinal epithelial tissue pathology was detected. After interfering with CAY10683, the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, and TRAF6 were decreased compared with model group (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of ZO-1 and occluding were elevated (P < 0.05). The permeability was elevated in CAY10683-interfered groups, when compared with model group (P < 0.05). And the degree of intestinal epithelial tissue pathological damage in CAY10683 group was significantly reduced. Moreover, CAY10683 significantly decreased the TLR4 staining in animal tissue. The HDAC2 inhibitor CAY10683 could promote the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier in ALF through inhibiting LPS/TLR4/MyD88 pathway.
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Effect of Endotoxemia in Suckling Rats on Pancreatic Integrity and Exocrine Function in Adults: A Review Report. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:6915059. [PMID: 29576768 PMCID: PMC5821989 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6915059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Endotoxin (LPS), the component of Gram-negative bacteria, is responsible for sepsis and neonatal mortality, but low concentrations of LPS produced tissue protection in experimental studies. The effects of LPS applied to the suckling rats on the pancreas of adult animals have not been previously explored. We present the impact of neonatal endotoxemia on the pancreatic exocrine function and on the acute pancreatitis which has been investigated in the adult animals. Endotoxemia was induced in suckling rats by intraperitoneal application of LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhi. In the adult rats, pretreated in the early period of life with LPS, histological manifestations of acute pancreatitis have been reduced. Pancreatic weight and plasma lipase activity were decreased, and SOD concentration was reversed and accompanied by a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation products (MDA + 4 HNE) in the pancreatic tissue. In the pancreatic acini, the significant increases in protein signals for toll-like receptor 4 and for heat shock protein 60 were found. Signal for the CCK1 receptor was reduced and pancreatic secretory responses to caerulein were diminished, whereas basal enzyme secretion was unaffected. These pioneer studies have shown that exposition of suckling rats to endotoxin has an impact on the pancreas in the adult organism.
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Bonelli F, Meucci V, Divers TJ, Wagner B, Intorre L, Sgorbini M. Kinetics of plasma procalcitonin, soluble CD14, CCL2 and IL-10 after a sublethal infusion of lipopolysaccharide in horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 184:29-35. [PMID: 28166929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxemia represents a significant clinical and economic problem for the equine industry. This study assesses the kinetics of soluble CD14 (sCD14), chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and plasma procalcitonin (PCT) in healthy horses after the intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim was to contribute to the basic understanding of the equine species-specific kinetics of these molecules in response to LPS exposure, which could support further findings in clinical studies and identify valuable inflammatory biomarkers for equine practice. Eleven healthy horses were involved in this experimental in vivo study. Horses were classified as healthy before the LPS infusion. After the pre-infusion blood collection (T0), all horses received an infusion of E. coli endotoxin (30ng/kg over 30min). Data and samples were collected 1h (T1), 2 (T2), 3 (T3) and 24h (T24) after infusion. Plasma sCD14, CCL2 and IL-10 were evaluated with a fluorescent bead-based assay, while PCT was evaluated with an equine PCT ELISA assay. A one-way ANOVA test was performed between each blood-sampling time for PCT, sCD14 and IL-10, and a Friedman test was performed for CCL2. Plasma PCT, IL-10 and CCL2 concentrations increased statistically significantly at T1, T2 and T3 compared to T0. No statistically significant differences were found between plasma IL-10 and CCL2 concentrations between T0 vs T24, although plasma PCT values remained high 24h after LPS infusion. Plasma sCD14 concentration showed no statistically significant differences for any of sampling times. Our results demonstrate that LPS injection into healthy horses results in PCT, CCL2 and IL-10 increases in plasma without an increase in sCD14. The increases in PCT, CCL2 and IL-10 are related to the inflammatory response induced by circulating lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonelli
- The Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa (Bonelli, Intorre, Meucci, Sgorbini), 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy.
| | - Valentina Meucci
- The Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa (Bonelli, Intorre, Meucci, Sgorbini), 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Thomas J Divers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University (Wagner, Divers), Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Bettina Wagner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University (Wagner, Divers), Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Luigi Intorre
- The Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa (Bonelli, Intorre, Meucci, Sgorbini), 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- The Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa (Bonelli, Intorre, Meucci, Sgorbini), 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
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17
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Li MX, Liu JF, Lu JD, Zhu Y, Kuang DW, Xiang JB, Sun P, Wang W, Xue J, Gu Y, Hao CM. Plasmadiafiltration ameliorating gut mucosal barrier dysfunction and improving survival in porcine sepsis models. Intensive Care Med Exp 2016; 4:31. [PMID: 27682607 PMCID: PMC5040657 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-016-0105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The object of this study is to explore whether the plasmadiafiltration (PDF) is more effective in improving the intestinal mucosal barrier function by removing more key large molecular inflammatory mediators and then prolonging the survival time. METHODS Totally, 24 porcine sepsis models induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation were randomly divided into three groups: PDF group, high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) group, and control group, and received 8 h treatment, respectively. The expression of ZO-1 and occludin in intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were detected by immunohistochemistry, and apoptotic protein caspase-3-positive lymphocytes were signed in mesenteric lymph nodes by TUNEL staining. The hemodynamic parameters were measured by invasive cavity detection. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) were tested by ELISA method. And then, the survival curves with all-cause death were compared with three groups. RESULTS PDF led to a superior reversal of sepsis-related hemodynamic impairment and serum biochemistry abnormalities and resulted in longer survival time compared with HVHF and control (p < 0.01). Definitive protection from excessive TNF-α and HMGB1 response were only achieved by PDF. A more regular distribution pattern of ZO-1 and occludin along the epithelium was found in PDF animals (p < 0.01). The presence of apoptotic lymphocytes was significantly reduced in the PDF animals (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS PDF can effectively eliminate more pivotal inflammatory mediators of TNFα and HMGB1 and reduce the inflammation damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier and apoptosis of lymphocyte then improve the circulation function and prolong the survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jun Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Da Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ding Wei Kuang
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Bing Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chuan Ming Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
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18
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Sikma MA, van Maarseveen EM, Donker DW, Meulenbelt J. Letter to the editor: "Immunosuppressive drug therapy--biopharmaceutical challenges and remedies". Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1955-6; discussion 1956-7. [PMID: 26549727 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Sikma
- a Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Intensive Care and National Poisons Information Center, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Intensive Care and National Poisons Information Center, University Medical Center Utrecht , B 00.118, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - E M van Maarseveen
- c Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - D W Donker
- d Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - J Meulenbelt
- e Intensive Care Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, National Poisons Information Center and Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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Macrophage-derived chemokine (CCL22) is a novel mediator of lung inflammation following hemorrhage and resuscitation. Shock 2015; 42:525-31. [PMID: 25136780 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resuscitation of patients after hemorrhage often results in pulmonary inflammation and places them at risk for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our previous data indicate that macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) is elevated after resuscitation, but its direct role in this inflammatory response is unknown. Macrophage-derived chemokine signaling through the C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) is implicated in other pulmonary proinflammatory conditions, leading us to hypothesize that MDC may also play a role in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation following hemorrhage and resuscitation. To test this, C57BL/6 mice underwent pressure-controlled hemorrhage followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution. Pulmonary inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment were analyzed with histological staining, and serum- and tissue-level cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pulmonary inflammation and cell recruitment following hemorrhage and resuscitation were associated with systemic MDC levels. Inhibition of MDC via injection of a specific neutralizing antibody prior to hemorrhage and resuscitation significantly reduced pulmonary levels of the chemotactic cytokines keratinocyte-derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory proteins 2 and 1α, as well as inflammatory cell recruitment to the lungs. Intravenous administration of recombinant MDC prior to resuscitation augmented pulmonary inflammation and cell recruitment. Histological evaluation revealed the expression of CCR4 within the bronchial epithelium, and in vitro treatment of activated bronchial epithelial cells with MDC resulted in production and secretion of neutrophil chemokines. The present study identifies MDC as a novel mediator of lung inflammation after hemorrhage and resuscitation. Macrophage-derived chemokine neutralization may provide a therapeutic strategy to mitigate this inflammatory response.
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20
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Guesdon W, Auray G, Pezier T, Bussière FI, Drouet F, Le Vern Y, Marquis M, Potiron L, Rabot S, Bruneau A, Werts C, Laurent F, Lacroix-Lamandé S. CCL20 Displays Antimicrobial Activity Against Cryptosporidium parvum, but Its Expression Is Reduced During Infection in the Intestine of Neonatal Mice. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1332-40. [PMID: 25838265 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CCL20 is a chemokine with antimicrobial activity. We investigated its expression and role during neonatal cryptosporidiosis, a worldwide protozoan enteric disease leading to severe diarrhea. Surprisingly, during infection by Cryptosporidium parvum, CCL20 production by the intestine of neonatal mice is reduced by a mechanism independent both of the enteric flora and of interferon γ, a key cytokine for the resolution of this infection. However, oral administration of recombinant CCL20 to neonatal mice significantly reduced the parasite load by a mechanism that was independent of immune cell recruitment and occurred instead by direct cytolytic activity on free stages of the parasite. MiR21 functionally targets CCL20 and is upregulated during the infection, thus contributing to the downregulation of the chemokine. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the direct antiparasitic activity of CCL20 against an enteric protozoan and its downregulation during C. parvum infection, which is detrimental to parasite clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Guesdon
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours
| | - Gaël Auray
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours
| | - Tiffany Pezier
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours
| | - Françoise I Bussière
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours
| | - Françoise Drouet
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours
| | - Yves Le Vern
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours INRA Val de Loire, Cytometry Platform
| | - Mathilde Marquis
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours
| | - Laurent Potiron
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Aurelia Bruneau
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Catherine Werts
- Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Laurent
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours
| | - Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé
- INRA Val de Loire, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly Université François Rabelais, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours
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Regulatory role of Lactobacillus acidophilus on inflammation and gastric dysmotility in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:559-67. [PMID: 25572363 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lactobacillus acidophilus is widely used for gastrointestinal disorders, but its role in inflammatory conditions like in chemotherapy-induced mucositis is unclear. Here, we report the effect of L. acidophilus on 5-fluorouracil-induced (5-FU) intestinal mucositis in mice. METHODS Mice weighing 25-30 g (n = 8) were separated into three groups, saline, 5-FU, and 5-FU + L. acidophilus (5-FU-La) (16 × 10(9) CFU/kg). In the 5-FU-La group, L. acidophilus was administered concomitantly with 5-FU on the first day and alone for two additional days. Three days after the last administration of L. acidophilus, the animals were euthanized and the jejunum and ileum were removed for histopathological assessment and for evaluation of levels of myeloperoxidase activity, sulfhydryl groups, nitrite, and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL-1, and IL-10). In addition, we investigated gastric emptying using spectrophotometry after feeding a 1.5-ml test meal by gavage and euthanasia. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni's test, with the level of significance at p < 0.05. RESULTS Intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the villus height-crypt depth ratio and GSH concentration and increased myeloperoxidase activity and the nitrite concentrations compared with the control group. Furthermore, 5-FU significantly (p < 0.05) increased cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and CXCL-1) concentrations and decreased IL-10 concentrations compared with the control group. 5-FU also significantly (p < 0.05) delayed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit compared with the control group. All of these changes were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed by treatment with L. acidophilus. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus acidophilus improves the inflammatory and functional aspects of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Effect of Deletion of cIAP2 on Intestinal Microcirculation in Mouse Endotoxemia and Polybacterial Sepsis. Shock 2014; 41:454-7. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Kuo SM, Chan WC, Hu Z. Wild-type and IL10-null mice have differential colonic epithelial gene expression responses to dietary supplementation with synbiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis and inulin. J Nutr 2014; 144:245-51. [PMID: 24381223 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic plus probiotic (synbiotic) supplementations promote fermentation and have shown anti-inflammatory activity in colonic epithelium. However, in many instances, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have demonstrated adverse effects after prebiotic supplementation at a dose well tolerated by normal individuals. To test the hypothesis that the host inflammation affects the colonic epithelial response to increased fermentation, the gene expression of colonic epithelium was analyzed. In a 1-way experimental design to test the effect of supplements in wild-type mice using the standard diet formulated by the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G) as the control diet, fermentable fiber inulin (5%) in the absence or presence of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis (Bb12) (10(8) CFU/kg diet) showed limited effects on gene expression as determined by whole-genome microarray. Bb12 supplementation alone was known not to increase fermentation and here instead significantly upregulated genes in nucleic acid metabolic processes. The effects of the synbiotic diet were then determined in mice exposed to LPS-induced inflammation in a 2-way experimental design testing the effect of diet and LPS. The microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses on the wild-type mice revealed that LPS-induced changes in the colonic epithelium were 4- to 10-fold less in the synbiotic diet group compared with the control diet group. Unlike the wild-type mice, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL10)-null mice (susceptible to IBD) given the synbiotic diet, compared with those given the control diet, had 3- to 40-fold increased expression of inflammation-related genes such as Cxcl1 (chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1) and S100a9 (S100 calcium binding protein A9) in the absence and presence of LPS exposure. These contrasting intestinal epithelial responses to increased fermentation in wild-type and IL10-null mice are similar to the difference between healthy human individuals and those with IBD, suggesting that the host disease/genetic background should be considered before prebiotic/probiotic supplementation.
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Live and heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG upregulate gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in 5-fluorouracil-pretreated Caco-2 cells. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22:1647-54. [PMID: 24500789 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates whether post-chemotherapeutic use of live and heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can modulate the expression of three pro-inflammatory cytokines in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis in vitro. METHODS Live L. rhamnosus GG and heat-killed L. rhamnosus GG were observed using scanning electron microscopy. To establish the duration required for optimal expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-12 (IL-12), 5 μM of 5-FU was selected to treat 10-day-old Caco-2 cells for 4, 6, 8, and 24 h. Caco-2 cells were treated with 5-FU (5 μM) for 4 h, followed by the administration of live L. rhamnosus GG (multiplicity of infection = 25), and heat-killed L. rhamnosus GG for 2 and 4 h. Finally, total cellular RNA was isolated to quantify mRNA expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-12 using real-time PCR. RESULTS The results demonstrated that heat-killed L. rhamnosus GG remained structurally intact with elongation. A biphasic upregulated expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-12 was observed in 5-FU-treated Caco-2 cells at 4 and 24 h. Compared to non-L. rhamnosus GG controls in 5-FU-pretreated Caco-2 cells, a 2-h treatment of heat-killed L. rhamnosus GG significantly upregulated the MCP-1 expression (p < 0.05), and both live and heat-killed L. rhamnosus GG treatments lasting 4 h upregulated the TNF-α and MCP-1 expression (p < 0.05). Only live L. rhamnosus GG upregulated the IL-12 expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Post-chemotherapeutic use of live or heat-killed L. rhamnosus GG can upregulate the gene expression of 5-FU-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in Caco-2 cells. Human intestinal epithelium may be vulnerable to the post-chemotherapeutic use of L. rhamnosus GG in 5-FU-induced mucositis that requires further in vivo studies for clarification.
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Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 modulates the host innate immune response. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:730-40. [PMID: 24242237 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03313-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe data obtained from transcriptome profiling of human cell lines and intestinal cells of a murine model upon exposure and colonization, respectively, with Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010. Significant changes were detected in the transcription of genes that are known to be involved in innate immunity. Furthermore, results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed that exposure to B. bifidum PRL2010 causes enhanced production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 cytokines, presumably through NF-κB activation. The obtained global transcription profiles strongly suggest that Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 modulates the innate immune response of the host.
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Wang N, Jiang HQ. Pathogenesis of intestinal barrier dysfunction in obstructive jaundice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2668-2673. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i26.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal barrier is a key structure that normally prevents the passage of harmful molecules across the mucosa and into the circulation, including mechanical barrier, immunological barrier, biological barrier and chemical barrier. Obstructive jaundice (OJ) is frequently associated with infectious complications, mainly due to sepsis and renal dysfunction. The key events in the pathophysiology of these complications are endotoxemia of gut origin and increased intestinal permeability because of intestinal barrier dysfunction, as demonstrated in experimental and clinical studies. However, the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon remain obscure. Here we review recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of intestinal barrier dysfunction in OJ.
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What’s New in Shock, January 2012? Shock 2012; 37:1-3. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31823daddc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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