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Lee S, Tamura T, Miki Y, Nishi S, Miyamoto H, Ishidate T, Kasashima H, Fukuoka T, Yoshii M, Shibutani M, Toyokawa T, Maeda K. Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in the left lateral decubitus position. Surg Endosc 2024:10.1007/s00464-024-11282-z. [PMID: 39384656 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-11282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) in the prone position for esophageal cancer has been currently increasing worldwide. In future, as surgical-assisted robots become more widespread, it is estimated that only two methods of transthoracic approach will remain: RAMIE and open thoracotomy for thoracic esophageal cancer. RAMIE in the left lateral decubitus position (RAMIE-LLDP) has the same field of view as open thoracotomy, is safe in emergency situations, and provides education on open thoracotomy. METHODS Between September 2020 and April 2024, RAMIE-LLDP was performed in 64 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer. RAMIE-LLDP was performed with the operating table rotated and tilted 45° to the ventral side under artificial pneumothorax. The hand-control setting of the surgical-assist robot system was reversed left to right when the Patient Cart was rolled from the same direction as the RAMIE in the prone position. RESULTS The mean total surgery and console times during the thoracic procedure were 254-min overall and 225 min in the last 24 cases and 195-min overall and 178- min in the last 24 cases, respectively. The mean amount of blood loss was 203.4 g overall and 28.3 g in the last 24 cases. Postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy with Clavien-Dindo classification (CD) was ≥ 2 in six patients (9.4%). Postoperative pneumonia with CD ≥ 2 was observed in 11 patients (17.2%). Conversion to open thoracotomy was observed in three patients (4.7%). In all three patients, an immediate conversion to thoracotomy without patients' position change was actually possible and no serious complications were noted. No mortality occurred within 30 days postoperatively. CONCLUSION RAMIE-LLDP which facilitates emergency thoracotomy has perioperative results comparable to those of conventional thoracoscopic esophagectomy and is educational for open surgery. RAMIE-LLDP is the safest and most optimal surgery for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Lee
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hironari Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takemi Ishidate
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kasashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Mami Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masatsune Shibutani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Booth ME, Clements HA, Helbrow J, Baxter MA, Bleaney CW, Hawkins MA, Markar SR, Peters CJ, Smyth EC, Crosby TDL. United Kingdom and Ireland Oesophagogastric Cancer Group Cancer Update 2023. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:e283-e291. [PMID: 38876807 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M E Booth
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - H A Clements
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - J Helbrow
- South West Wales Cancer Centre, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - M A Baxter
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - C W Bleaney
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - M A Hawkins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - S R Markar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - C J Peters
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - E C Smyth
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Terayama M, Okamura A, Kuriyama K, Takahashi N, Tamura M, Kanamori J, Imamura Y, Watanabe M. Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy Provides Better Short- and Long-Term Outcomes Than Open Esophagectomy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:5748-5756. [PMID: 38896227 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has been increasingly performed for locally advanced esophageal cancer in place of open transthoracic esophagectomy (OE). This study explored the significance of MIE for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), focusing mainly on the depth of primary esophageal tumors. METHODS This study retrospectively assessed short- and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent esophagectomy for ESCC from 2005 through 2021. The inverse probability of the treatment-weighting (IPTW) method was used to compare the outcomes between OE and MIE. The outcomes also were evaluated in the subgroups stratified by cT category. RESULTS Among 1117 patients, 447 (40%) underwent OE and 670 (60%) underwent MIE. After IPTW adjustment, the incidence of any postoperative complications was significantly higher in the OE group than in the MIE group (60.8% vs 53.7%; p = 0.032), whereas the R0 resection rate was significantly higher in the MIE group (98.6% vs 92.7%; p < 0.001). The MIE group showed better 3 year overall and cancer-specific survival than the OE group (p < 0.001). The incidence of locoregional recurrence within the surgical field was significantly more frequent in the OE group (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis stratified by cT category, the R0 resection rate was significantly higher and the incidence of locoregional recurrence was lower in the MIE group among the patients with cT3-4 tumors. In the patients with cT1-2 tumors, MIE showed no significant benefit over OE. CONCLUSIONS For the patients with cT3-4 tumors, MIE showed fewer postoperative complications, better locoregional control, and better prognosis than OE. Compared with OE, MIE is beneficial, especially for locally advanced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Terayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kengo Kuriyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kanamori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Abaid A, Javed T, Yasin F, Maqbool F, Khattak S, Syed A. Risk Factors Associated With Anastomotic Stricture in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: Experience From a High-Volume Center. Cureus 2024; 16:e66362. [PMID: 39246899 PMCID: PMC11378451 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a prevalent cancer, with a high incidence in low socioeconomic category countries. Minimally invasive esophagectomy is increasingly being used to treat this malignant condition. However, anastomotic stricture is a serious complication post esophagectomy. The study aims to enhance diagnostic consistency, improve treatment methods, guide patient management, stratify outcomes, and offer evidence-based preventive interventions. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 550 patients who had minimally invasive esophagus surgery was carried out at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Lahore between 2015 and 2020. All patients were treated with radical resection. For tumors of the lower esophagus and gastroesophageal junction, transhiatal esophagectomy was used; for tumors of the middle and upper thoracic esophagus, right video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was used in a three-stage procedure. Patients were routinely followed up two weeks after discharge, then every three, six, and 12 months. RESULTS The mean age and BMI were 46.7 years and 19.4 kg/m2, respectively. Anastomotic leaks were rare, with only 13 patients experiencing them. The grade of tumor differentiation was poor, moderate, and well-differentiated. The study found that older age, high Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and malignancies located in the upper and middle one-third of the esophagus had significant associations with anastomotic stricture. However, some variables, like sex, did not show significant associations in either analysis. CONCLUSION The study reveals that factors such as older patient age, high ECOG performance status, single comorbidity, and malignancies located in the upper and middle one-third of the esophagus significantly influence anastomotic stricture. The study suggests that measures against anastomotic stricture such as endoscopic procedures and minimally invasive esophagectomy should be implemented to minimize the complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abaid
- Surgery, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Talha Javed
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Fahad Yasin
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Fatima Maqbool
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Shahid Khattak
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Aamir Syed
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
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Henckens SP, Schuring N, Elliott JA, Johar A, Markar SR, Gantxegi A, Lagergren P, Hanna GB, Pera M, Reynolds JV, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Gisbertz SS. Recurrence and Survival After Minimally Invasive and Open Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Ensure Study. Ann Surg 2024; 280:267-273. [PMID: 38577796 PMCID: PMC11224562 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of operative approach [open (OE), hybrid minimally invasive (HMIE), and total minimally invasive (TMIE) esophagectomy] on operative and oncologic outcomes for patients treated with curative intent for esophageal and junctional cancer. BACKGROUND The optimum oncologic surgical approach to esophageal and junctional cancer is unclear. METHODS This secondary analysis of the European multicenter ENSURE study includes patients undergoing curative-intent esophagectomy for cancer between 2009 and 2015 across 20 high-volume centers. Primary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and the incidence and location of disease recurrence. Secondary endpoints included among others R0 resection rate, lymph node yield, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS In total, 3199 patients were included. Of these, 55% underwent OE, 17% HMIE, and 29% TMIE. DFS was independently increased post-TMIE [hazard ratio (HR): 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76-0.98), P = 0.022] compared with OE. Multivariable regression demonstrated no difference in absolute locoregional recurrence risk according to the operative approach [HMIE vs OE, odds ratio (OR): 0.79, P = 0.257; TMIE vs OE, OR: 0.84, P = 0.243]. The probability of systemic recurrence was independently increased post-HMIE (OR: 2.07, P = 0.031), but not TMIE (OR: 0.86, P = 0.508). R0 resection rates ( P = 0.005) and nodal yield ( P < 0.001) were independently increased after TMIE, but not HMIE ( P = 0.424; P = 0.512) compared with OE. OS was independently improved following both HMIE (HR: 0.79, P = 0.009) and TMIE (HR: 0.82, P = 0.003) as compared with OE. CONCLUSION In this European multicenter study, TMIE was associated with improved surgical quality and DFS, whereas both TMIE and HMIE were associated with improved OS as compared with OE for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie P.G. Henckens
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nannet Schuring
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessie A. Elliott
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Asif Johar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sheraz R. Markar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Surgical Intervention Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amaia Gantxegi
- Department of Surgery, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pernilla Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Manuel Pera
- Department of Surgery, Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne S. Gisbertz
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bou-Samra P, Kneuertz PJ. Management of Major Complications After Esophagectomy. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:557-569. [PMID: 38789198 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Esophagectomy remains a procedure with one of the highest complication rates. Given the advances in medical and surgical management of patients and increased patient survival, the number of complications reported has increased. There are different grading systems for complications which vary based on severity or organ system, with the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group unifying them. Management involves conservative intervention and dietary modification to endoscopic interventions and surgical reintervention. Treatment is etiology specific but rehabilitation and patient optimization play a significant role in managing these complications by preventing them. Management is a step-up approach depending on the severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bou-Samra
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43054, USA
| | - Peter J Kneuertz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43054, USA; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center- James and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Sabatelle RC, Colson YL, Sachdeva U, Grinstaff MW. Drug Delivery Opportunities in Esophageal Cancer: Current Treatments and Future Prospects. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3103-3120. [PMID: 38888089 PMCID: PMC11331583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
With one of the highest mortality rates of all malignancies, the 5-year survival rate for esophageal cancer is under 20%. Depending on the stage and extent of the disease, the current standard of care treatment paradigm includes chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical esophagogastrectomy, with consideration for adjuvant immunotherapy for residual disease. This regimen has high morbidity, due to anatomic changes inherent in surgery, the acuity of surgical complications, and off-target effects of systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. We begin with a review of current treatments, then discuss new and emerging targets for therapies and advanced drug delivery systems. Recent and ongoing preclinical and early clinical studies are evaluating traditional tumor targets (e.g., human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), as well as promising new targets such as Yes-associated protein 1 or mammalian target of rapamycin to develop new treatments for this disease. Due the function and location of the esophagus, opportunities also exist to pair these treatments with a drug delivery strategy to increase tumor targeting, bioavailability, and intratumor concentrations, with the two most common delivery platforms being stents and nanoparticles. Finally, early results with antibody drug conjugates and chimeric antigenic receptor T cells show promise as upcoming therapies. This review discusses these innovations in therapeutics and drug delivery in the context of their successes and failures, with the goal of identifying those solutions that demonstrate the most promise to shift the paradigm in treating this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Sabatelle
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yolonda L. Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Uma Sachdeva
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Gray KD, Molena D. Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:529-538. [PMID: 38789195 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy is a technically demanding operation that requires an experienced surgeon, assistant, and anesthesiologist. The preoperative workup should focus on the extent of disease and extent of resection required, as well as the cardiopulmonary fitness of the patient. Surgical outcomes show decreased postoperative pain, decreased morbidity largely due to a reduction in respiratory complications, and decreased length of stay. Quality metrics and 5-year overall survival are equivalent to traditional open esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Gray
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniela Molena
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Mallick S, Chervu NL, Balian J, Charland N, Valenzuela AR, Sakowitz S, Benharash P. Association of hospital volume and operative approach with clinical and financial outcomes of elective esophagectomy in the United States. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303586. [PMID: 38875301 PMCID: PMC11178205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Literature regarding the impact of esophagectomy approach on hospitalizations costs and short-term outcomes is limited. Moreover, few have examined how institutional MIS experience affects costs. We thus examined utilization trends, costs, and short-term outcomes of open and minimally invasive (MIS) esophagectomy as well as assessing the relationship between institutional MIS volume and hospitalization costs. METHODS All adults undergoing elective esophagectomy were identified from the 2016-2020 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Multiple regression models were used to assess approach with costs, in-hospital mortality, and major complications. Additionally, annual hospital MIS esophagectomy volume was modeled as a restricted cubic spline against costs. Institutions performing > 16 cases/year corresponding with the inflection point were categorized as high-volume hospitals (HVH). We subsequently examined the association of HVH status with costs, in-hospital mortality, and major complications in patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy. RESULTS Of an estimated 29,116 patients meeting inclusion, 10,876 (37.4%) underwent MIS esophagectomy. MIS approaches were associated with $10,600 in increased incremental costs (95% CI 8,800-12,500), but lower odds of in-hospital mortality (AOR 0.76; 95% CI 0.61-0.96) or major complications (AOR 0.68; 95% CI 0.60, 0.77). Moreover, HVH status was associated with decreased adjusted costs, as well as lower odds of postoperative complications for patients undergoing MIS operations. CONCLUSION In this nationwide study, MIS esophagectomy was associated with increased hospitalization costs, but improved short-term outcomes. In MIS operations, cost differences were mitigated by volume, as HVH status was linked with decreased costs in the setting of decreased odds of complications. Centralization of care to HVH centers should be considered as MIS approaches are increasingly utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Mallick
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Nikhil L Chervu
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Balian
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicole Charland
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Alberto R Valenzuela
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara Sakowitz
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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10
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Deboever N, Jones CM, Yamashita K, Ajani JA, Hofstetter WL. Advances in diagnosis and management of cancer of the esophagus. BMJ 2024; 385:e074962. [PMID: 38830686 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-074962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide, with over 470 000 new cases diagnosed each year. Two distinct histological subtypes predominate, and should be considered biologically separate disease entities.1 These subtypes are esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Outcomes remain poor regardless of subtype, with most patients presenting with late stage disease.2 Novel strategies to improve early detection of the respective precursor lesions, squamous dysplasia, and Barrett's esophagus offer the potential to improve outcomes. The introduction of a limited number of biologic agents, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors, is resulting in improvements in the systemic treatment of locally advanced and metastatic esophageal cancer. These developments, coupled with improvements in minimally invasive surgical and endoscopic treatment approaches, as well as adaptive and precision radiotherapy technologies, offer the potential to improve outcomes still further. This review summarizes the latest advances in the diagnosis and management of esophageal cancer, and the developments in understanding of the biology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Deboever
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M Jones
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kohei Yamashita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wayne L Hofstetter
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Dellaportas D, Margaris I, Latsonas P, Pikouli A, Vlachos I, Papakonstantinou D, Pararas N, Nastos C, Myoteri D, Pikoulis E. Contemporary Role of Open Left Thoracoabdominal Approach in Esophageal Malignancy Treatment. Cureus 2024; 16:e62922. [PMID: 39040781 PMCID: PMC11262707 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the widespread use of minimally invasive techniques, open left thoracoabdominal esophagectomy (LTE) can offer excellent visualization and adaptability. The current study aimed to present and evaluate the outcomes related to an open LTE in esophageal malignancy treatment. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of data collected from two institutions was performed, including patients with distal esophageal or junctional tumors who underwent open LTE between November 2018 and December 2023. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were included (16 males; mean age 62.8 years). Postoperative complications occurred in eight patients (36%), with pulmonary complications being the most prevalent (seven patients; 32%). One patient experienced a clinical anastomotic leak. No reoperations or escalation to a higher level of care were required. In-hospital and 30-day mortality were zero. Tumor cells were found at the surgical margins in six patients (27%). The mean lymph node yield was 27. During the follow-up period, there were nine deaths and 11 cases of disease recurrence. Isolated locoregional recurrence was seen in five patients (23%). The one-year and two-year overall survival rates were 79% and 47%, respectively. CONCLUSION In selected cases, open LTE remains a valid and safe operation with acceptable morbidity and oncological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Dellaportas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Ioannis Margaris
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Panagiotis Latsonas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Anastasia Pikouli
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Iakovos Vlachos
- Department of Pathology, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Dimitrios Papakonstantinou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Nikolaos Pararas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Constantinos Nastos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Despoina Myoteri
- Department of Pathology, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Emmanuel Pikoulis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
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12
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Manara M, Bona D, Bonavina L, Aiolfi A. Impact of pulmonary complications following esophagectomy on long-term survival: multivariate meta-analysis and restricted mean survival time assessment. Updates Surg 2024; 76:757-767. [PMID: 38319522 PMCID: PMC11129973 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-024-01761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary complications (PC) are common after esophagectomy and their impact on long-term survival is not defined yet. The present study aimed to assess the effect of postoperative PCs on long-term survival after esophagectomy for cancer. Systematic review of the literature through February 1, 2023, was performed. The included studies evaluated the effect of PC on long-term survival. Primary outcome was long-term overall survival (OS). Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were secondary outcomes. Restricted mean survival time difference (RMSTD), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as pooled effect size measures. Eleven studies were included (3423 patients). Overall, 674 (19.7%) patients developed PC. The RMSTD analysis shows that at 60-month follow-up, patients not experiencing PC live an average of 8.5 (95% CI 6.2-10.8; p < 0.001) months longer compared with those with PC. Similarly, patients not experiencing postoperative PC seem to have significantly longer CSS (8 months; 95% CI 3.7-12.3; p < 0.001) and DFS (5.4 months; 95% CI 1.6-9.1; p = 0.005). The time-dependent HRs analysis shows a reduced mortality hazard in patients without PC at 12 (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.51-0.69), 24 (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.73), 36 (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.55-0.79), and 60 months (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.89). This study suggests a moderate clinical impact of PC on long-term OS, CSS, and DFS after esophagectomy. Patients not experiencing PC seem to have a significantly reduced mortality hazard up to 5 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Manara
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, University of Milan, Via C. Belgioioso N. 173, 20151, Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Bona
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, University of Milan, Via C. Belgioioso N. 173, 20151, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonavina
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Aiolfi
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, University of Milan, Via C. Belgioioso N. 173, 20151, Milan, Italy
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13
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Guo F, Zhang X, Zhao F, Jiang H, Duan X. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by robot esophagectomy has no effect on short-term results compared with surgery alone. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:1446-1453. [PMID: 38770546 PMCID: PMC11194118 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCI). METHODS Data from patients who underwent RAMIE between January 2020 and June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The oncological and operative outcomes of the NCI and surgery-only (S) groups were compared by both unmatched and 1:1 propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis. RESULTS A total of 201 patients with ESCC who underwent three-incision RAMIE were included in this study (143 patients in the S group and 58 patients in the NCI group). Of the 58 patients who underwent NCI, a pathologically complete response (pCR) (ypT0N0) was identified in 14 (24.1%) patients. The patients in the NCI group were younger than those in the S group (p = 0.017), and had more advanced cT (p < 0.001) and cN stage diseases (p = 0.002). After 1:1 PSM of the confounders, 55 patients were allocated to each of the NCI and S groups. No significant differences were found in oncological and operative results, including surgical blood loss, operative time, and lymph node harvest (all p > 0.05). However, the NCI group exhibited a lower rate of pulmonary complications than the S group (3.6% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.047). No significant difference between the groups was found for other complications (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that NCI could result in a high pCR rate without increased complications in locally advanced ESCC. RAMIE is safe and feasible in patients with ESCC after NCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Departments of Endoscopy Diagnosis and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation TherapyLangfang Health Vocational CollegeLangfangChina
| | - Fangdong Zhao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Hongjing Jiang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
| | - Xiaofeng Duan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Esophageal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
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14
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Griffiths EA. Predictors of anastomotic leak and conduit necrosis after oesophagectomy: Results from the oesophago-gastric anastomosis audit (OGAA). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:107983. [PMID: 38613995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.107983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both anastomotic leak (AL) and conduit necrosis (CN) after oesophagectomy are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the identification of preoperative, modifiable risk factors is desirable. The aim of this study was to generate a risk scoring model for AL and CN after oesophagectomy. METHODS Patients undergoing curative resection for oesophageal cancer were identified from the international Oesophagogastric Anastomosis Audit (OGAA) from April 2018-December 2018. Definitions for AL and CN were those set out by the Oesophageal Complications Consensus Group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for both AL and CN. A risk score was then produced for both AL and CN using the derivation set, then internally validated using the validation set. RESULTS This study included 2247 oesophagectomies across 137 hospitals in 41 countries. The AL rate was 14.2% and CN rate was 2.7%. Preoperative factors that were independent predictors of AL were cardiovascular comorbidity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The risk scoring model showed insufficient predictive ability in internal validation (area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.618). Preoperative factors that were independent predictors of CN were: body mass index, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, previous myocardial infarction and smoking history. These were converted into a risk-scoring model and internally validated using the validation set with an AUROC of 0.775. CONCLUSION Despite a large dataset, AL proves difficult to predict using preoperative factors. The risk-scoring model for CN provides an internally validated tool to estimate a patient's risk preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen A Griffiths
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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15
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Kitagawa Y, Matsuda S, Gotoda T, Kato K, Wijnhoven B, Lordick F, Bhandari P, Kawakubo H, Kodera Y, Terashima M, Muro K, Takeuchi H, Mansfield PF, Kurokawa Y, So J, Mönig SP, Shitara K, Rha SY, Janjigian Y, Takahari D, Chau I, Sharma P, Ji J, de Manzoni G, Nilsson M, Kassab P, Hofstetter WL, Smyth EC, Lorenzen S, Doki Y, Law S, Oh DY, Ho KY, Koike T, Shen L, van Hillegersberg R, Kawakami H, Xu RH, Wainberg Z, Yahagi N, Lee YY, Singh R, Ryu MH, Ishihara R, Xiao Z, Kusano C, Grabsch HI, Hara H, Mukaisho KI, Makino T, Kanda M, Booka E, Suzuki S, Hatta W, Kato M, Maekawa A, Kawazoe A, Yamamoto S, Nakayama I, Narita Y, Yang HK, Yoshida M, Sano T. Clinical practice guidelines for esophagogastric junction cancer: Upper GI Oncology Summit 2023. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:401-425. [PMID: 38386238 PMCID: PMC11016517 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takuji Gotoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bas Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Oncology and University Cancer Center Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center Central, Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Pradeep Bhandari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Portsmouth University Hospital NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Kei Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Paul F Mansfield
- Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jimmy So
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefan Paul Mönig
- Upper-GI-Surgery University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelena Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Solid Tumor Gastrointestinal Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Daisuke Takahari
- Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ian Chau
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas, USA
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Giovanni de Manzoni
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Magnus Nilsson
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Kassab
- Gastroesophageal Surgery, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wayne L Hofstetter
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - Sylvie Lorenzen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Khek Yu Ho
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Richard van Hillegersberg
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun YAT-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zev Wainberg
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Naohisa Yahagi
- Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rajvinder Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, Australia
| | - Min-Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ryu Ishihara
- Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zili Xiao
- Digestive Endoscopic Unit, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chika Kusano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Heike Irmgard Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Pathology & Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hiroki Hara
- Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eisuke Booka
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihito Kawazoe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shun Yamamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izuma Nakayama
- Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiya Narita
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sano
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Schuring N, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Gisbertz SS. History and evidence for state of the art of lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer surgery. Dis Esophagus 2024; 37:doad065. [PMID: 38048446 PMCID: PMC10987971 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The current curative multimodal treatment of advanced esophageal cancers consists of neoadjuvant or perioperative chemo(radio)therapy followed by a radical surgical resection of the primary tumor and a 2- or 3-field lymphadenectomy. One of the most important predictors of long-term survival of esophageal cancer patients is lymph node involvement. The distribution pattern of lymph node metastases in esophageal cancer is unpredictable and depends on the primary tumor location, histology, T-stage and application of neoadjuvant or perioperative treatment. The optimal extent of the lymphadenectomy remains controversial; there is no global consensus on this topic yet. Some surgeons advocate an aggressive and extended lymph node dissection to remove occult metastatic disease, to optimize oncological outcomes. Others promote a more restricted lymphadenectomy, since the benefit of an extended lymphadenectomy, especially after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, has not been clearly demonstrated, and morbidity may be reduced. In this review, we describe the development of lymphadenectomy, followed by a summary of current evidence for lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannet Schuring
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark I van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne S Gisbertz
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Porschen R, Fischbach W, Gockel I, Hollerbach S, Hölscher A, Jansen PL, Miehlke S, Pech O, Stahl M, Vanhoefer U, Ebert MPA. Updated German guideline on diagnosis and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:399-411. [PMID: 38284661 PMCID: PMC11017771 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and therapy of esophageal carcinoma is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The purpose of the updated German guideline "Diagnosis and Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus-version 3.1" is to provide practical and evidence-based advice for the management of patients with esophageal cancer. Recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel based on an extensive and systematic evaluation of the published medical literature and the application of well-established methodologies (e.g. Oxford evidence grading scheme, grading of recommendations). Accurate diagnostic evaluation of the primary tumor as well as lymph node and distant metastases is required in order to guide patients to a stage-appropriate therapy after the initial diagnosis of esophageal cancer. In high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or mucosal carcinoma endoscopic resection shall be performed. Whether endoscopic resection is the definitive therapeutic measure depends on the histopathological evaluation of the resection specimen. Esophagectomy should be performed minimally invasive or in combination with open procedures (hybrid technique). Because the prognosis in locally advanced esophageal carcinoma is poor with surgery alone, multimodality therapy is recommended. In locally advanced adenocarcinomas of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction, perioperative chemotherapy or preoperative radiochemotherapy should be administered. In locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, preoperative radiochemotherapy followed by complete resection or definitive radiochemotherapy without surgery should be performed. In the case of residual tumor in the resection specimen after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and R0 resection of squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, adjuvant immunotherapy with nivolumab should be given. Systemic palliative treatment options (chemotherapy, chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, immunotherapy alone) in unresectable or metastastic esophageal cancer depend on histology and are stratified according to PD-L1 and/or Her2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Porschen
- Gastroenterologische Praxis am Kreiskrankenhaus OsterholzOsterholz‐ScharmbeckGermany
| | - Wolfgang Fischbach
- Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Krankheiten von MagenDarm und Leber sowie von Störungen des Stoffwechsels und der Ernährung (Gastro‐Liga) e. V.GiessenGermany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Klinik für Viszeral‐, Transplantations‐, Thorax‐ und GefäßchirurgieLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Arnulf Hölscher
- Contilia Zentrum für SpeiseröhrenerkrankungenElisabeth Krankenhaus EssenEssenGermany
| | - Petra Lynen Jansen
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für GastroenterologieVerdauungs‐ und StoffwechselkrankheitenBerlinGermany
| | | | - Oliver Pech
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Interventionelle EndoskopieKrankenhaus Barmherzige BrüderRegensburgGermany
| | - Michael Stahl
- Klinik für Internistische Onkologie & Onkologische PalliativmedizinEvang. Kliniken Essen‐MitteEssenGermany
| | - Udo Vanhoefer
- Klinik für Hämatologie und OnkologieKath. MarienkrankenhausHamburgGermany
| | - Matthias P. A. Ebert
- Medizinische Fakultät MannheimII. Medizinische KlinikUniversitätsmedizinUniversität HeidelbergMannheimGermany
- DKFZ‐Hector Krebsinstitut an der Universitätsmedizin MannheimMannheimGermany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership UnitEMBLHeidelbergGermany
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18
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Ebert MP, Fischbach W, Hollerbach S, Höppner J, Lorenz D, Stahl M, Stuschke M, Pech O, Vanhoefer U, Porschen R. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Plattenepithelkarzinome und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:535-642. [PMID: 38599580 DOI: 10.1055/a-2239-9802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
- DKFZ-Hector Krebsinstitut an der Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg
| | - Wolfgang Fischbach
- Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Krankheiten von Magen, Darm und Leber sowie von Störungen des Stoffwechsels und der Ernährung (Gastro-Liga) e. V., Giessen
| | | | - Jens Höppner
- Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck
| | - Dietmar Lorenz
- Chirurgische Klinik I, Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt
| | - Michael Stahl
- Klinik für Internistische Onkologie und onkologische Palliativmedizin, Evang. Huyssensstiftung, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen
| | - Oliver Pech
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg
| | - Udo Vanhoefer
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Katholisches Marienkrankenhaus, Hamburg
| | - Rainer Porschen
- Gastroenterologische Praxis am Kreiskrankenhaus Osterholz, Osterholz-Scharmbeck
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19
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Nienhüser H, Schmidt T. [Evidence for Minimal Invasive Oesophageal Resection]. Zentralbl Chir 2024; 149:163-168. [PMID: 38316414 DOI: 10.1055/a-2241-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In the course of the last 20 years, minimally invasive therapy has become much more important in all areas. In particular, surgical procedures have been established in oncological surgery, even without generating the necessary evidence to assure that the quality is equal to that achieved with open procedures. For this purpose, it has only been in recent years that appropriate randomised controlled studies followed by meta-analyses have been carried out. In this article, we summarise the evidence for minimally invasive resection of the oesophagus and review current literature for each procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Nienhüser
- Klinik für Allgemein, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Tumor- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln, Deutschland
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20
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Ding J, Dai C, Cao W, Zhao X. Application of overlap anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction during minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. Updates Surg 2024; 76:495-503. [PMID: 37698809 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the feasibility of the Overlap anastomosis technique in minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. An accompanying video presentation elucidates our surgical procedures. A retrospective review of 46 patients diagnosed with middle and lower esophageal cancer was conducted. These patients underwent minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy with Overlap anastomosis between January 2019 and December 2020. A consistent team of surgeons performed all procedures. The initial phase involved laparoscopic stomach mobilization, intra-abdominal lymphadenectomies, and preparation of the tubular stomach. Subsequently, with the patient in the left decubitus position, thoracoscopy was used to dissect the esophagus, excise the diseased segment, and conduct mediastinal lymph node dissection. The final stage encompassed the intrathoracic gastroesophageal anastomosis using the Overlap method. All surgeries were completed without converting to an open approach, achieving complete resection. There were no operative fatalities, with an average surgery duration of 259.4 min. Average statistics included intraoperative blood loss of 92.3 ml, 16.2 lymph nodes dissected, and a postoperative hospital stay of 10.3 days. Postoperative complications comprised three instances of hoarseness due to recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, two cases of aspiration pneumonia, one occurrence of chylothorax, and one gastric emptying disorder. Anastomotic technique-related complications were minimal, with only one patient experiencing an anastomotic leak that resolved spontaneously and two patients facing anastomotic stenosis, which was subsequently alleviated. Our findings posit that the Overlap anastomosis method is safe and efficient for minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy, marked by a notably low rate of anastomosis-related complications. Further evaluation of its long-term implications remains necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical, University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Dai
- Department of Chest Surgery, Aunhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical, University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical, University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Milone M, Bianchi PP, Cianchi F, Coratti A, D'Amore A, De Manzoni G, De Pasqual CA, Formisano G, Jovine E, Morelli L, Offi M, Peri A, Pietrabissa A, Staderini F, Tribuzi A, Giacopuzzi S. Fashioning esophagogastric anastomosis in robotic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy: a multicenter experience. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2024; 409:103. [PMID: 38517543 PMCID: PMC10959816 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-024-03290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to compare outcomes of the robotic hand-sewn, linear- and circular-stapled techniques performed to create an intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis in patients who underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. METHODS Patients who underwent a planned Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy were retrospectively analysed from prospectively maintained databases. Only patients who underwent a robotic thoracic approach with the creation of an intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: hand-sewn-, circular stapled-, and linear-stapled anastomosis group. Demographic information and surgery-related data were extracted. The primary outcome was the rate of anastomotic leakages (AL) in the three groups. Moreover, the rate of grade A, B and C anastomotic leakage were evaluated. In addition, patients of each group were divided in subgroups according to the characteristics of anastomotic fashioning technique. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty patients were enrolled in the study. No significant differences were found between the three groups about AL rate (p = 0.137). Considering the management of the AL for each of the three groups, no significant differences were found. Evaluating the correlation between AL rate and the characteristics of anastomotic fashioning technique, no significant differences were found. CONCLUSIONS No standardized anastomotic fashioning technique has yet been generally accepted. This study could be considered a call to perform ad hoc high-quality studies involving high-volume centers for upper gastrointestinal surgery to evaluate what is the most advantageous anastomotic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ″Federico II″ University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Cianchi
- Chirurgia Dell'Apparato Digerente Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Anna D'Amore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, ″Federico II″ University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni De Manzoni
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto De Pasqual
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Elio Jovine
- Department of General Surgery, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, 40133, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariafortuna Offi
- Department of General Surgery, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, 40133, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Peri
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Staderini
- Chirurgia Dell'Apparato Digerente Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Simone Giacopuzzi
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Chen J, Heng J, Zheng B, Zeng T, Wang H, Wang P, Lin Y, Gao W, Chen C, Tan L, Fu J. Carbon dioxide gas-induced pneumothorax versus one-lung ventilation in minimally invasive esophagectomy: a multicenter propensity score matching cohort study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:1376-1382. [PMID: 38051934 PMCID: PMC10942216 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon dioxide gas-induced pneumoperitoneum might be the reason for the shorter postoperative survival of patients with malignant tumors. Whether CO 2 gas-induced pneumothorax has unfavorable impacts on the surgical and oncological outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy remains unclear. METHODS Between 2010 and 2016, a total of 998 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus who received video-assisted surgery were registered from three large-volume medical centers. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared after using propensity score-matched and inverse probability-weighted methods. In addition, the tumor-relapse state was evaluated, and the relapse pattern was compared. RESULTS A total of 422 and 576 minimally invasive esophagectomies with intraoperative one-lung ventilation and CO 2 -induced pneumothorax were enrolled, respectively. The 5-year OS and DFS were similar between the CO 2 -induced pneumothorax (64.2% and 64.7%) and one-lung ventilation (65.3% and 62.4%) groups following propensity matching. The inverse probability weighting revealed similarly equal survival results in the two groups. The 5-year relapse rates were 35.1% and 30.6% in the one-lung ventilation and CO 2 -induced pneumothorax groups, respectively. Moreover, the relapse patterns were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that the use of intraoperative one-lung ventilation and CO 2 -induced pneumothorax have similar oncological outcomes; therefore, the two methods are both viable options in esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Jiao Heng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province
| | - Taidui Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yaobin Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | | | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong
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23
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Tupper HI, Roybal BO, Jackson RW, Banks KC, Kwak HV, Alcasid NJ, Wei J, Hsu DS, Velotta JB. The impact of minimally-invasive esophagectomy operative duration on post-operative outcomes. Front Surg 2024; 11:1348942. [PMID: 38440416 PMCID: PMC10909993 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1348942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Esophagectomy, an esophageal cancer treatment mainstay, is a highly morbid procedure. Prolonged operative time, only partially predetermined by case complexity, may be uniquely harmful to minimally-invasive esophagectomy (MIE) patients for numerous reasons, including anastomotic leak, tenuous conduit perfusion and protracted single-lung ventilation, but the impact is unknown. This multi-center retrospective cohort study sought to characterize the relationship between MIE operative time and post-operative outcomes. Methods We abstracted multi-center data on esophageal cancer patients who underwent MIE from 2010 to 2021. Predictor variables included age, sex, comorbidities, body mass index, prior cardiothoracic surgery, stage, and neoadjuvant therapy. Outcomes included complications, readmissions, and mortality. Association analysis evaluated the relationship between predictor variables and operative time. Multivariate logistic regression characterized the influence of potential predictor variables and operative time on post-operative outcomes. Subgroup analysis evaluated the association between MIE >4 h vs. ≤4 h and complications, readmissions and survival. Results For the 297 esophageal cancer patients who underwent MIE between 2010 and 2021, the median operative duration was 4.8 h [IQR: 3.7-6.3]. For patients with anastomotic leak (5.1%) and 1-year mortality, operative duration was elevated above the median at 6.3 h [IQR: 4.8-8.6], p = 0.008) and 5.3 h [IQR: 4.4-6.8], p = 0.04), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression, each additional hour of operative time increased the odds of anastomotic leak and 1-year mortality by 39% and 19%, respectively. Conclusions Esophageal cancer is a poor prognosis disease, even with optimal treatment. Operative efficiency, a modifiable surgical variable, may be an important target to improve MIE patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley I. Tupper
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Belia O. Roybal
- Division of Research, Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Riley W. Jackson
- UCSF School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kian C. Banks
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Hyunjee V. Kwak
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Nathan J. Alcasid
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Julia Wei
- Division of Research, Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Diana S. Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Velotta
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
- UCSF School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, United States
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24
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Xue M, Liu J, Lu M, Zhang H, Liu W, Tian H. Robotic assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy versus minimally invasive esophagectomy. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1293645. [PMID: 38288099 PMCID: PMC10824560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1293645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Esophagectomy is the gold standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer; however, there is insufficient evidence to indicate potential advantages over standard minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) in treating thoracic esophageal cancer. Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) bridges the gap between open and minimally invasive surgery. In this single-center retrospective review, we compare the clinical outcomes of EC patients treated with MIE and RAMIE. Method We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgery at Qilu Hospital between August 2020 and August 2022, including 159 patients who underwent MIE and 35 patients who received RAMIE. The intraoperative, postoperative, and preoperative patient characteristics in both groups were evaluated. Results Except for height, the MIE and RAMIE groups showed no significant differences in preoperative features (P>0.05). Further, there were no significant differences in intraoperative indices, including TNM stage of the resected tumor, tumor tissue type, or ASA score, between the two groups. However, statistically significant differences were found in some factors; the RAMIE group had a shorter operative time, less intraoperative bleeding, and more lymph nodes removed compared to the MIE group. Patients in the RAMIE group reported less discomfort and greater chest drainage on the first postoperative day than patients in the MIE group; however, there were no differences in other features between the two datasets. Conclusion By comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes of RAMIE with MIE, this study verified the feasibility and safety of RAMIE for esophageal cancer. Overall, RAMIE resulted in more complete lymph node clearance, shorter operating time, reduced surgical hemorrhage, reduced postoperative discomfort, and chest drainage alleviation in patients. To investigate the function of RAMIE in esophageal cancer, we propose undertaking a future clinical trial with long-term follow-up to analyze tumor clearance, recurrence, and survival after RAMIE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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25
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Takeuchi M, Endo H, Kawakubo H, Matsuda S, Kikuchi H, Kanaji S, Kumamaru H, Miyata H, Ueno H, Seto Y, Watanabe M, Doki Y, Kitagawa Y. No difference in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications between abdominal laparoscopy and laparotomy for minimally invasive thoracoscopic esophagectomy: a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide Japanese database. Esophagus 2024; 21:11-21. [PMID: 38038806 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-023-01032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There remains a lack of evidence regarding the optimal abdominal approach, including laparoscopy, hand-assisted, and open laparotomy for minimally invasive thoracoscopic esophagectomy. We aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative complications, particularly pulmonary complications, between laparoscopy and open laparotomy for minimally invasive thoracoscopic esophagectomy using nationwide Japanese databases. METHODS Data from patients in the National Clinical Database (NCD) who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were analyzed. The incidence of pulmonary complications was compared between abdominal laparoscopy and laparotomy after matching the propensity scores (PS) from preoperative factors to account for confounding bias. Laparoscopic-assisted surgery (LAS) was also compared to hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS). RESULTS Of the 24,790 patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2018 and 2021, data from 12,633 underwent thoracoscopic procedure. The proportion of patients who experienced pulmonary complications did not significantly differ between the laparoscopy group and the laparotomy group after matching (664/3195 patients, 20.8% versus 702/3195 patients, 22.0%; P = 0.25). No difference in the incidence of pulmonary complications was observed among patients treated using the laparoscopic approach (508/2439 patients, 20.8% in the LAS group versus 498/2439 patients, 20.4% in the HALS group; P = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS We observed no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications between laparoscopy and laparotomy for thoracoscopic esophagectomy. Short-term outcomes were similar between the laparoscopic-assisted approach and the hand-assisted approach. This study provides valuable insights into the optimal abdominal approach for thoracoscopic esophagectomy using data from a nationwide database that reflect real-world clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideki Endo
- Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kikuchi
- Project Management Subcommittee, The Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Kanaji
- Project Management Subcommittee, The Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kumamaru
- Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyata
- Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Database Committee, The Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- The Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
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Worrell SG, Goodman KA, Altorki NK, Ashman JB, Crabtree TD, Dorth J, Firestone S, Harpole DH, Hofstetter WL, Hong TS, Kissoon K, Ku GY, Molena D, Tepper JE, Watson TJ, Williams T, Willett C. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American Society for Radiation Oncology Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines on Multimodality Therapy for Locally Advanced Cancer of the Esophagus or Gastroesophageal Junction. Pract Radiat Oncol 2024; 14:28-46. [PMID: 37921736 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer have improved over the last decade with the implementation of multimodality therapy. There are currently no comprehensive guidelines addressing multidisciplinary management of esophageal cancer that have incorporated the input of surgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. To address the need for multidisciplinary input in the management of esophageal cancer and to meet current best practices for clinical practice guidelines, the current guidelines were created as a collaboration between The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Physician representatives chose 8 key clinical questions pertinent to the care of patients with locally advanced, resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (excluding cervical location). A comprehensive literature review was performed identifying 227 articles that met the inclusion criteria covering the use of induction chemotherapy, chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy before surgery, optimal radiation dose, the value of esophagectomy, timing of esophagectomy, the approach and extent of lymphadenectomy, the use of minimally invasive esophagectomy, and the value of adjuvant therapy after resection. The relevant data were reviewed and voted on by the panel with 80% of the authors, with 75% agreement on class and level of evidence. These data were then complied into the guidelines document.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Worrell
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Karyn A Goodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nasser K Altorki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Traves D Crabtree
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Jennifer Dorth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - David H Harpole
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wayne L Hofstetter
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Geoffrey Y Ku
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniela Molena
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joel E Tepper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas J Watson
- Thoracic Surgery Group, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Terence Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Christopher Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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27
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Worrell SG, Goodman KA, Altorki NK, Ashman JB, Crabtree TD, Dorth J, Firestone S, Harpole DH, Hofstetter WL, Hong TS, Kissoon K, Ku GY, Molena D, Tepper JE, Watson TJ, Williams T, Willett C. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American Society for Radiation Oncology Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines on Multimodality Therapy for Locally Advanced Cancer of the Esophagus or Gastroesophageal Junction. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:15-32. [PMID: 37921794 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer have improved over the last decade with the implementation of multimodality therapy. There are currently no comprehensive guidelines addressing multidisciplinary management of esophageal cancer that have incorporated the input of surgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. To address the need for multidisciplinary input in the management of esophageal cancer and to meet current best practices for clinical practice guidelines, the current guidelines were created as a collaboration between The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Physician representatives chose 8 key clinical questions pertinent to the care of patients with locally advanced, resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (excluding cervical location). A comprehensive literature review was performed identifying 227 articles that met the inclusion criteria covering the use of induction chemotherapy, chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy before surgery, optimal radiation dose, the value of esophagectomy, timing of esophagectomy, the approach and extent of lymphadenectomy, the use of minimally invasive esophagectomy, and the value of adjuvant therapy after resection. The relevant data were reviewed and voted on by the panel with 80% of the authors, with 75% agreement on class and level of evidence. These data were then complied into the guidelines document.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Worrell
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Karyn A Goodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nasser K Altorki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Traves D Crabtree
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Jennifer Dorth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - David H Harpole
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wayne L Hofstetter
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Geoffrey Y Ku
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniela Molena
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joel E Tepper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas J Watson
- Thoracic Surgery Group, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Terence Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Christopher Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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28
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Hays SB, Corvino G, Lorié BD, McMichael WV, Mehdi SA, Rieser C, Rojas AE, Hogg ME. Prince and princesses: The current status of robotic surgery in surgical oncology. J Surg Oncol 2024; 129:164-182. [PMID: 38031870 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Robotic surgery has experienced a dramatic increase in utilization across general surgery over the last two decades, including in surgical oncology. Although urologists and gynecologists were the first to show that this technology could be utilized in cancer surgery, the robot is now a powerful tool in the treatment of gastrointestinal, hepato-pancreatico-biliary, colorectal, endocrine, and soft tissue malignancies. While long-term outcomes are still pending, short-term outcomes have showed promise for this technologic advancement of cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Hays
- Department of Surgery, Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gaetano Corvino
- Department of Surgery, Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin D Lorié
- Department of Surgery, Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - William V McMichael
- Department of Surgery, Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Syed A Mehdi
- Department of Surgery, Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Caroline Rieser
- Department of Surgery, Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aram E Rojas
- Department of Surgery, Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Melissa E Hogg
- Department of Surgery, Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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29
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Yanagimoto Y, Kurokawa Y, Doki Y. Surgical and Perioperative Treatments for Esophagogastric Junction Cancer. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 30:24-00056. [PMID: 38839368 PMCID: PMC11196162 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.ra.24-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC) is a rare malignant disease that occurs in the gastroesophageal transition zone. In recent years, its incidence has been rapidly increasing not only in Western countries but also in East Asia, and it has been attracting the attention of both clinicians and researchers. EGJC has a worse prognosis than gastric cancer (GC) and is characterized by complex lymphatic drainage pathways in the mediastinal and abdominal regions. EGJC was previously treated in the same way as GC or esophageal cancer, but, in recent years, it has been treated as an independent malignant disease, and treatment focusing only on EGJC has been developed. A recent multicenter prospective study revealed the frequency of lymph node metastasis by station and established the optimal extent of lymph node dissection. In perioperative treatment, the combination of multi-drug chemotherapy, radiation therapy, molecular targeted therapy, and immunotherapy is expected to improve the prognosis. In this review, we summarize previous clinical trials and their important evidence on surgical and perioperative treatments for EGJC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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30
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Zeng H, Zhang F, Sun Y, Li S, Zhang W. Treatment options for neoadjuvant strategies of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:4. [PMID: 38223404 PMCID: PMC10784769 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared with postoperative adjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant therapy has more potential advantages, such as decreasing tumor stage, killing micrometastatic cells. Because of these advantages, neoadjuvant therapy is recommended for numerous types of tumor, such as breast, lung and rectal cancer. To determine the role of neoadjuvant therapy on overall survival and adverse for patients with resectable esophageal carcinoma. we summarized clinical studies on 7 types of neoadjuvant therapies in this review. Currently, patients with esophageal cancer (EC) in China mainly receive postoperative treatment with <30% of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy. One reason for the limited use of neoadjuvant therapy in China is inaccurate staging based on imaging and neoadjuvant treatment may increase difficulties in surgery. After neoadjuvant therapy, there may be tissue edema, blurry surgical field of view and unclear tissue gaps, resulting in greater difficulty in surgical procedures. However, oncologists are interested in neoadjuvant treatment, especially neoadjuvant immunotherapy to treat EC. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common neoadjuvant treatment regimen and increases the pathological complete response (pCR) and 5- and 10-year survival rates. Preoperative induction chemotherapy and sequential concurrent chemoradiotherapy are currently the most widely treatments used in clinical practice in China. However, this treatment strategy does not yield long-term survival. The pCR rate of neoadjuvant immunotherapy is greater than that of concurrent chemoradiotherapy but, to the best of our knowledge, no evidence of long-term survival benefit has been found in phase I and II clinical trials. Neoadjuvant treatment should be considered for patients with locally advanced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zeng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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31
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Knitter S, Maurer MM, Winter A, Dobrindt EM, Seika P, Ritschl PV, Raakow J, Pratschke J, Denecke C. Robotic-Assisted Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Is Safe and Cost Equivalent Compared to Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy in a Tertiary Referral Center. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:112. [PMID: 38201540 PMCID: PMC10778089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) has been increasingly adopted for patients with esophageal cancer (EC) or cancer of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). However, concerns regarding its costs compared to conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) have emerged. This study examined outcomes and costs of RAMIE versus total MIE in 128 patients who underwent Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for EC/GEJ at our department between 2017 and 2021. Surgical costs were higher for RAMIE (EUR 12,370 vs. EUR 10,059, p < 0.001). Yet, median daily (EUR 2023 vs. EUR 1818, p = 0.246) and total costs (EUR 30,510 vs. EUR 29,180, p = 0.460) were comparable. RAMIE showed a lower incidence of postoperative pneumonia (8% vs. 25%, p = 0.029) and a trend towards shorter hospital stays (15 vs. 17 days, p = 0.205), which may have equalized total costs. Factors independently associated with higher costs included readmission to the intensive care unit (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.0), length of stay (HR = 13.5), anastomotic leak (HR = 17.0), and postoperative pneumonia (HR = 5.4). In conclusion, RAMIE does not impose an additional financial burden. This suggests that RAMIE may be considered as a valid alternative approach for esophagectomy. Attention to typical cost factors can enhance postoperative care across surgical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Knitter
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max M. Maurer
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Winter
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva M. Dobrindt
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippa Seika
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul V. Ritschl
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Raakow
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Denecke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Jackson JC, Molena D, Amar D. Evolving Perspectives on Esophagectomy Care: Clinical Update. Anesthesiology 2023; 139:868-879. [PMID: 37812764 PMCID: PMC10843679 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent changes in perioperative care have led to new perspectives and important advances that have helped to improve outcomes among patients treated with esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Jackson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Daniela Molena
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David Amar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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33
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Kulasegaran S, Wang Y, Woodhouse B, MacCormick A, Srinivasa S, Koea J. Quality Performance Indicators for the Surgical Management of Oesophageal Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review. World J Surg 2023; 47:3262-3269. [PMID: 37865917 PMCID: PMC10694097 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-07216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this systematic review was to identify pre-existing quality performance indicators (QPIs) for the surgical management of oesophageal cancer (OC). These QPIs can be used to objectively measure and compare the performance of individual units and capture key elements of patient care to improve patient outcomes. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and Embase was conducted. Articles reporting on the quality of healthcare in relation to oesophageal neoplasm or cancer and the surgical treatment of OC available until the 1st of March 2022 were included. RESULTS The final list of articles included retrospective reviews (n = 13), prospective reviews (n = 8), expert guidelines (n = 1) and consensus (n = 1). The final list of QPIs was categorized as process, outcome or structural measures. Process measures included multidisciplinary involvement, availability of multimodality diagnostic and treatment pathways and surgical metrics. Outcome measures included reoperation and readmission rates, the achievement of RO resection and length of hospital stay. Structural measures include multidisciplinary meetings. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review summarizes QPIs for the surgical treatment of OC. The data will serve as an introduction to establishing a quality initiative project for OC resections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yijiao Wang
- Department of Surgery, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Braden Woodhouse
- Department of Oncology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew MacCormick
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sanket Srinivasa
- Department of Surgery, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Koea
- Department of Surgery, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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34
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Söderström H, Moons J, Nafteux P, Uzun E, Grimminger P, Luyer MDP, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Nilsson M, Hayami M, Degisors S, Piessen G, Vanommeslaeghe H, Van Daele E, Cheong E, Gutschow CA, Vetter D, Schuring N, Gisbertz SS, Räsänen J. Major Intraoperative Complications During Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:8244-8250. [PMID: 37782412 PMCID: PMC10625950 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) to be a feasible surgical technique in treating esophageal carcinoma. Postoperative complications have been extensively reviewed, but literature focusing on intraoperative complications is limited. The main objective of this study was to report major intraoperative complications and 90-day mortality during MIE for cancer. METHODS Data were collected retrospectively from 10 European esophageal surgery centers. All intention-to-treat, minimally invasive laparoscopic/thoracoscopic esophagectomies with gastric conduit reconstruction for esophageal and GE junction cancers operated on between 2003 and 2019 were reviewed. Major intraoperative complications were defined as loss of conduit, erroneous transection of vascular structures, significant injury to other organs including bowel, heart, liver or lung, splenectomy, or other major complications including intubation injuries, arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction. RESULTS Amongst 2862 MIE cases we identified 98 patients with 101 intraoperative complications. Vascular injuries were the most prevalent, 41 during laparoscopy and 19 during thoracoscopy, with injuries to 18 different vessels. There were 24 splenic vascular or capsular injuries, 11 requiring splenectomies. Four losses of conduit due to gastroepiploic artery injury and six bowel injuries were reported. Eight tracheobronchial lesions needed repair, and 11 patients had significant lung parenchyma injuries. There were 2 on-table deaths. Ninety-day mortality was 9.2%. CONCLUSIONS This study offers an overview of the range of different intraoperative complications during minimally invasive esophagectomy. Mortality, especially from intrathoracic vascular injuries, appears significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Söderström
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - J Moons
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Nafteux
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Uzun
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - P Grimminger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - M D P Luyer
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Nilsson
- Department of Upper Abdominal Surgery, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hayami
- Department of Upper Abdominal Surgery, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Degisors
- Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, University Hospital C. Huriez Place de Verdun, Lille Cedex, France
| | - G Piessen
- Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, University Hospital C. Huriez Place de Verdun, Lille Cedex, France
| | - H Vanommeslaeghe
- Department of Gastro-Intestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Van Daele
- Department of Gastro-Intestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Cheong
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS FT, Norwich, UK
| | - Ch A Gutschow
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Vetter
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Schuring
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S S Gisbertz
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Räsänen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Mine S. Commentary: The Prognostic Value of Oligo-Recurrence Following Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer. J Chest Surg 2023; 56:412-413. [PMID: 37915289 PMCID: PMC10625959 DOI: 10.5090/jcs.23.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
See Article page 403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Mine
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Chidambaram S, Owen R, Sgromo B, Chmura M, Kisiel A, Evans R, Griffiths EA, Castoro C, Gronnier C, MaoAwyes MA, Gutschow CA, Piessen G, Degisors S, Alvieri R, Feldman H, Capovilla G, Grimminger PP, Han S, Low DE, Moore J, Gossage J, Voeten D, Gisbertz SS, Ruurda J, van Hillegersberg R, D'Journo XB, Chmelo J, Phillips AW, Rosati R, Hanna GB, Maynard N, Hofstetter W, Ferri L, Berge Henegouwen MI, Markar SR. Delayed Surgical Intervention After Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer: (DICE) Study. Ann Surg 2023; 278:701-708. [PMID: 37477039 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of delayed surgical intervention following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on survival from esophageal cancer. BACKGROUND CRT is a core component of multimodality treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer. The timing of surgery following CRT may influence the probability of performing an oncological resection and the associated operative morbidity. METHODS This was an international, multicenter, cohort study, including patients from 17 centers who received CRT followed by surgery between 2010 and 2020. In the main analysis, patients were divided into 4 groups based upon the interval between CRT and surgery (0-50, 51-100, 101-200, and >200 days) to assess the impact upon 90-day mortality and 5-year overall survival. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs adjusted for relevant patient, oncological, and pathologic confounding factors. RESULTS A total of 2867 patients who underwent esophagectomy after CRT were included. After adjustment for relevant confounders, prolonged interval following CRT was associated with an increased 90-day mortality compared with 0 to 50 days (reference): 51 to 100 days (HR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.04-2.29), 101 to 200 days (HR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.37-3.35), and >200 days (HR=3.06, 95% CI: 1.64-5.69). Similarly, a poorer 5-year overall survival was also observed with prolonged interval following CRT compared with 0 to 50 days (reference): 101 to 200 days (HR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.17-1.70), and >200 days (HR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.24-2.17). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged interval following CRT before esophagectomy is associated with increased 90-day mortality and poorer long-term survival. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism that underpins these adverse outcomes observed with a prolonged interval to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathikan Chidambaram
- Academic Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard Owen
- Department of Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruno Sgromo
- Department of Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Magdalena Chmura
- Department of Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Aaron Kisiel
- Department of Surgery, Birmingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Evans
- Department of Surgery, Birmingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ewen A Griffiths
- Department of Surgery, Birmingham University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carlo Castoro
- General Gastric and Esophagus Surgery Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Caroline Gronnier
- Esophageal and Endocrine Surgery Unit, Digestive Surgery Department, Centre Magellan, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mometo Ali MaoAwyes
- Stomach and Oesophageal Tumor Centre, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian A Gutschow
- Stomach and Oesophageal Tumor Centre, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Piessen
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, University Hospital Claude Huriez, Lille, Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Degisors
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, University Hospital Claude Huriez, Lille, Cedex, France
| | - Rita Alvieri
- Oncological Surgery Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Hope Feldman
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Giovanni Capovilla
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter P Grimminger
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shiwei Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology, Virginia Mason Hospital & Seattle Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Donald E Low
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology, Virginia Mason Hospital & Seattle Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan Moore
- Department of Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James Gossage
- Department of Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dan Voeten
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne S Gisbertz
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Ruurda
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Xavier B D'Journo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Diseases of the Esophagus & Lung Transplantations, Chemin des Bourrely, North Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Jakub Chmelo
- Northern Esophago-Gastric Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alexander W Phillips
- Northern Esophago-Gastric Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Riccardo Rosati
- Department of GI Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - George B Hanna
- Academic Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nick Maynard
- Department of Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark I Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Department of Surgery, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Thavanesan N, Bodala I, Walters Z, Ramchurn S, Underwood TJ, Vigneswaran G. Machine learning to predict curative multidisciplinary team treatment decisions in oesophageal cancer. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:106986. [PMID: 37463827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.106986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising workflow pressures within the oesophageal cancer (OC) multidisciplinary team (MDT) can lead to variability in decision-making, and health inequality. Machine learning (ML) offers a potential automated data-driven approach to address inconsistency and standardize care. The aim of this experimental pilot study was to develop ML models able to predict curative OC MDT treatment decisions and determine the relative importance of underlying decision-critical variables. METHODS Retrospective complete-case analysis of oesophagectomy patients ± neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) or chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) between 2010 and 2020. Established ML algorithms (Multinomial Logistic regression (MLR), Random Forests (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)) and Decision Tree (DT) were used to train models predicting OC MDT treatment decisions: surgery (S), NACT + S or NACRT + S. Performance metrics included Area Under the Curve (AUC), Accuracy, Kappa, LogLoss, F1 and Precision -Recall AUC. Variable importance was calculated for each model. RESULTS We identified 399 cases with a male-to-female ratio of 3.6:1 and median age of 66.1yrs (range 32-83). MLR outperformed RF, XGB and DT across performance metrics (mean AUC of 0.793 [±0.045] vs 0.757 [±0.068], 0.740 [±0.042], and 0.709 [±0.021] respectively). Variable importance analysis identified age as a major factor in the decision to offer surgery alone or NACT + S across models (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ML techniques can use limited feature-sets to predict curative UGI MDT treatment decisions. Explainable Artificial Intelligence methods provide insight into decision-critical variables, highlighting underlying subconscious biases in cancer care decision-making. Such models may allow prioritization of caseload, improve efficiency, and offer data-driven decision-assistance to MDTs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indu Bodala
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Zoë Walters
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Sarvapali Ramchurn
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Timothy J Underwood
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ganesh Vigneswaran
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
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Czerwonko ME, Farjah F, Oelschlager BK. Reducing Conduit Ischemia and Anastomotic Leaks in Transhiatal Esophagectomy: Six Principles. J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 27:2316-2324. [PMID: 37752385 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) is an accepted approach for distal esophageal (DE) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers. Its reported weaknesses are limited loco-regional resection and high anastomotic leak rates. We have used laparoscopic assistance to perform a THE (LapTHE) as our preferred method of resection for GEJ and DE cancers for over 20 years. Our unique approach and experience may provide technical insights and perhaps superior outcomes. METHODS We reviewed all patients who underwent LapTHE for DE and GEJ malignancy over 10 years (2011-2020). We included 6 principles in our approach: (1) minimize dissection trauma using laparoscopy; (2) routine Kocher maneuver; (3) division of lesser sac adhesions exposing the entire gastroepiploic arcade; (4) gaining excess conduit mobility, allowing resection of proximal stomach, and performing the anastomosis with a well perfused stomach; (5) stapled side-to-side anastomosis; and (6) routine feeding jejunostomy and early oral diet. RESULTS One hundred and forty-seven patients were included in the analysis. The median number of lymph nodes procured was 19 (range 5-49). Negative margins were achieved in all cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 98-100%). Median hospital stay was 7 days. Overall major complication rate was 24% (17-32%), 90-day mortality was 2.0% (0.4-5.8%), and reoperation was 5.4% (2.4-10%). Three patients (2.0%, 0.4-5.8%) developed anastomotic leaks. Median follow-up was 901 days (range 52-5240). Nine patients (6.1%, 2.8-11%) developed anastomotic strictures. CONCLUSIONS Routine use of LapTHE for DE and GEJ cancers and inclusion of these six operative principles allow for a low rate of anastomotic complications relative to national benchmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias E Czerwonko
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Farhood Farjah
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brant K Oelschlager
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Tajima K, Koyanagi K, Ozawa S, Kazuno A, Yamamoto M, Shoji Y, Yatabe K, Kanamori K, Zhao H, Mori M. Effective Postoperative Surveillance Protocol after Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy Focusing on Symptoms in Patients with Esophageal Cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 237:771-778. [PMID: 37427845 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal postoperative surveillance protocol after esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer has still not been established. We investigated the risk factors for recurrence of esophageal cancer to devise an appropriate surveillance protocol. We focused on the appearance and worsening of symptoms to determine if additional imaging examinations should be performed. STUDY DESIGN We enrolled 416 patients with esophageal and esophagogastric junctional cancer who had undergone thoracoscopic esophagectomy at Tokai University Hospital. Outpatient visits for the patients are usually scheduled at least 4 times per year with CT imaging and blood biochemical examination. We evaluated the time to recurrence after esophagectomy, especially the correlation of this parameter with the appearance and worsening of symptoms during the postoperative outpatient follow-up. RESULTS Of the 416 patients, recurrence occurred in 127 patients (30.5%). The median time to recurrence was 6 months after esophagectomy; recurrence occurred within 24 months in 112 patients (88%), and 51 of these patients (40%) developed some new symptom(s) (symptomatic group) before the diagnosis of recurrence. The number of patients who developed recurrence within 6 months was significantly higher in the symptomatic group compared with that in the asymptomatic group (66.7% vs 46.0%, p = 0.02). The overall survival in the symptomatic group was significantly shorter than that in the asymptomatic group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We advocate an effective surveillance protocol depending on the appearance and worsening of symptoms to diagnose recurrence of esophageal cancer; we recommend routine imaging examinations every 6 months and clinical outpatient follow-up at even shorter intervals for the first 24 months after esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tajima
- From the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Geraedts TCM, Weijs TJ, Berkelmans GHK, Fransen LFC, Kouwenhoven EA, van Det MJ, Nilsson M, Lagarde SM, van Hillegersberg R, Markar SR, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Luyer MDP. Long-Term Survival Associated with Direct Oral Feeding Following Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (NUTRIENT II). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4856. [PMID: 37835550 PMCID: PMC10571988 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in perioperative care have improved postoperative morbidity and recovery after esophagectomy. The direct start of oral intake can also enhance short-term outcomes following minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MIE-IL). Subsequently, short-term outcomes may affect long-term survival. This planned sub-study of the NUTRIENT II trial, a multicenter randomized controlled trial, investigated the long-term survival of direct versus delayed oral feeding following MIE-IL. The outcomes included 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and the influence of complications and caloric intake on OS. After excluding cases of 90-day mortality, 145 participants were analyzed. Of these, 63 patients (43.4%) received direct oral feeding. At 3 years, OS was significantly better in the direct oral feeding group (p = 0.027), but not at 5 years (p = 0.115). Moreover, 5-year DFS was significantly better in the direct oral feeding group (p = 0.047) and a trend towards improved DFS was shown at 3 years (p = 0.079). Postoperative complications and caloric intake on day 5 did not impact OS. The results of this study show a tendency of improved 3-year OS and 5-year DFS, suggesting a potential long-term survival benefit in patients receiving direct oral feeding after esophagectomy. However, the findings should be further explored in larger future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa C. M. Geraedts
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.C.M.G.); (T.J.W.); (G.A.P.N.)
| | - Teus J. Weijs
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.C.M.G.); (T.J.W.); (G.A.P.N.)
| | - Gijs H. K. Berkelmans
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.C.M.G.); (T.J.W.); (G.A.P.N.)
| | - Laura F. C. Fransen
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.C.M.G.); (T.J.W.); (G.A.P.N.)
| | - Ewout A. Kouwenhoven
- Department of Surgery, ZGT Hospital Group Twente, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands; (E.A.K.); (M.J.v.D.)
| | - Marc J. van Det
- Department of Surgery, ZGT Hospital Group Twente, 7609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands; (E.A.K.); (M.J.v.D.)
| | - Magnus Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141-86 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 171-77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sjoerd M. Lagarde
- Department of Surgery, Eramus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Sheraz R. Markar
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Grard A. P. Nieuwenhuijzen
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.C.M.G.); (T.J.W.); (G.A.P.N.)
| | - Misha D. P. Luyer
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.C.M.G.); (T.J.W.); (G.A.P.N.)
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Stiles ZE, Brady M, Hochwald SN, Kukar M. Relevance of Subcarinal Lymph Node Dissection for Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. J Surg Res 2023; 290:2-8. [PMID: 37156029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reported rates of subcarinal lymph node (LN) metastases for esophageal carcinoma vary from 20% to 25% and the relevance of subcarinal lymph node dissection (LND) for gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is poorly defined. This study aimed to evaluate rates of subcarinal LN metastasis in GEJ carcinoma and determine their prognostic significance. METHODS Patients with GEJ adenocarcinoma undergoing robotic minimally invasive esophagectomy from 2019 to 2021 were retrospectively assessed within a prospectively maintained database. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were examined with attention to subcarinal LND and LN metastases. RESULTS Among 53 consecutive patients, the median age was 62, 83.0% were male, and all had Siewert type I/II tumors (49.1% and 50.9%, respectively). Most patients (79.2%) received neoadjuvant therapy. Three patients had subcarinal LN metastases (5.7%) and all had Siewert type I tumors. Two had clinical evidence of LN metastases preoperatively and all three additionally had non-subcarinal nodal disease. A greater proportion of patients with subcarinal LN disease had more advanced (T3) tumors compared to patients without subcarinal metastases (100.0% versus 26.0%; P = 0.025). No patient with subcarinal nodal metastases remained disease free at 3 y after surgery. CONCLUSIONS In this consecutive series of patients with GEJ adenocarcinoma undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy, subcarinal LN metastases were found only in patients with type I tumors and were noted in just 5.7% of patients, which is lower than historical controls. Subcarinal nodal disease was associated with more advanced primary tumors. Further study is warranted to determine the relevance of routine subcarinal LND, especially for type 2 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary E Stiles
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Maureen Brady
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Steven N Hochwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Moshim Kukar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
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Yuan P, Hu W, Liu Z, Wu N, Lin H, Li S, Hu Y. Left-primary & right-auxiliary operation mode in mediastinoscope-assisted radical esophagectomy. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:7884-7892. [PMID: 37644153 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediastinoscope-assisted transhiatal esophagectomy (MATHE) is the most minimally invasive esophagectomy procedure. It is a more challenging procedure and more difficult to be popularized than thoracoscopic surgery. We developed a new MATHE operation mode that provides a clearer visual field and makes the procedures simpler. METHODS A total of 80 patients with esophageal cancer were divided into a control group (n = 29) and a study group (n = 51). The control group underwent classic MATHE, while the study group received modified MATHE. We compared the two groups on operation time; intraoperative blood loss; blood transfusion amount; incidence rate of lung infection, recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) injury, chylothorax, and anastomotic leakage; and upper mediastinal lymph node dissection. RESULTS The study group was significantly better than the control group in operation time (271.78 min vs. 322.90 min, p < 0.05), intraoperative blood loss (48.63 mL vs. 68.97 mL, p < 0.05), and left paratracheal lymph node (No. 4L) dissection rate (88.24% vs. 24.14%, p < 0.01). No significant differences were identified in the incidence rate of anastomotic leakage, lung complications, or RLNs injury between the two groups. CONCLUSION The modified MATHE is easier to perform. Modified MATHE is significantly superior to classic MATHE in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and upper mediastinal lymph node dissection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haonan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Surgical Division I, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wusheng County, Guangan, 638400, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Meng YQ, Li B, Wang C, Jiang P, Song TN, Feng HM, Lin JP. Short-term outcomes of robot-assisted versus thoracoscopic-assisted Mckeown esophagectomy. Int J Med Robot 2023; 19:e2538. [PMID: 37218370 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracoscopic-assisted and robot-assisted Mckeown esophagectomy are currently two common surgical methods, but there is no clear statement on the advantages and disadvantages of the two. METHODS This study conducted a single-centre retrospective analysis of esophageal cancer patients diagnosed and treated at Lanzhou University Second Hospital from 1 February 2020 to 31 July 2022. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 126 patients were finally included in the RAM group and 169 patients in the TAM group. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the RAM and TAM groups in the number of lymph node dissections, operative time, the length of stay in the intensive care unit after surgery, the incidence of hoarseness, postoperative pulmonary complications, surgery-related complications, use of opioids after surgery, the length of postoperative hospital stay, and 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS RAM is a minimally invasive alternative to TAM and has similar short-term oncological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tie-Niu Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hai-Ming Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jun-Ping Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Straatman J, Rahman SA, Carter NC, Mercer SJ, Knight BC, van Boxel GI, Pucher PH. Proctored adoption of robotic hiatus hernia surgery: outcomes and learning curves in a high-volume UK centre. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:7608-7615. [PMID: 37474827 PMCID: PMC10520141 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adoption of new surgical technologies is inevitably accompanied by a learning curve. With the increasing adoption of robotic techniques in benign foregut surgery, it is imperative to define optimal learning pathways, to ensure a clinically safe introduction of such a technique. The aim of this study was to assess the learning curve for robotic hiatal hernia repair with a pre-defined adoption process and proctoring. METHODS The learning curve was assessed in four surgeons in a high-volume tertiary referral centre, performing over a 100 hiatal hernia repairs annually. The robotic adoption process included simulation-based training and a multi-day wet lab-based course, followed by robotic operations proctored by robotic upper GI experts. CUSUM analysis was performed to assess changes in operating time in sequential cases. RESULTS Each surgeon (A, B, C and D) performed between 22 and 32 cases, including a total of 109 patients. Overall, 40 cases were identified as 'complex' (36.7%), including 16 revisional cases (16/109, 14.7%). With CUSUM analysis inflection points for operating time were seen after 7 (surgeon B) to 15 cases (surgeon B). CONCLUSION The learning curve for robotic laparoscopic fundoplication may be as little as 7-15 cases in the setting of a clearly organized learning pathway with proctoring. By integrating these organized learning pathways learning curves may be shortened, ensuring patient safety, preventing detrimental outcomes due to longer learning curves, and accelerating adoption and integration of novel surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Straatman
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Saqib A Rahman
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Nicholas C Carter
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Stuart J Mercer
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Benjamin C Knight
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gijsbert I van Boxel
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Philip H Pucher
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
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Zheng F, Yang J, Zhang J, Li J, Fang W, Chen M. Efficacy and complications of single-port thoracoscopic minimally invasive esophagectomy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a single-center experience. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16325. [PMID: 37770495 PMCID: PMC10539285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional surgical technique for esophageal cancer is mainly open esophagectomy. With the innovation of surgical instruments, it is necessary to re-optimize the minimally invasive surgery. Therefore, single-port thoracoscopic minimally invasive esophagectomy (SPTE) is an important direction of development. This study retrospectively analyzed 202 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing SPTE. Surgical variables and postoperative complications were further evaluated. All procedures were performed using SPTE. The number of patients who received R0 resection was 201 (99.5%). The total number of resected lymph nodes during the whole operation was on average 32.01 ± 12.15, and the mean number of positive lymph nodes was 1.56 ± 2.51. In 170 cases (84.2%), intraoperative blood loss did not exceed 100 ml (ml), while 1 case had postoperative bleeding. Only 1 patient (0.5%) required reoperation after surgery. Postoperative complications included 42 cases of pneumonia (20.8%), 9 cases of anastomotic leak (4.5%), 7 cases of pleural effusion (3.8%), and 1 case (0.5%) of both pleural hemorrhage and acute gastrointestinal hemorrhagic ulcer. Besides, we also recorded the time to remove the drain tube, which averaged 9.13 ± 5.31 days. In our study, we confirmed that the application of SPTE in clinical practice is feasible, and that the postoperative complications are at a low level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420 Fuma Rd. Jin'an District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420 Fuma Rd. Jin'an District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiulong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420 Fuma Rd. Jin'an District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420 Fuma Rd. Jin'an District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420 Fuma Rd. Jin'an District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingqiu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420 Fuma Rd. Jin'an District, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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Hoelzen JP, Frankauer BE, Szardenings C, Roy D, Pollmann L, Fortmann L, Merten J, Rijcken E, Juratli MA, Pascher A. Reducing the Risks of Esophagectomies: A Retrospective Comparison of Hybrid versus Full-Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (RAMIE) Approaches. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5823. [PMID: 37762765 PMCID: PMC10531670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective analysis aimed to assess and compare the short-term perioperative outcomes and morbidity of hybrid and full-Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (RAMIE) surgical techniques. A total of 168 robotic-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy procedures performed at Muenster University Hospital were included in the study, with 63 cases in the hybrid group and 105 cases in the full-robotic group. Demographic factors, comorbidities, and tumor stages showed no significant differences between the two groups. However, the full-RAMIE technique demonstrated superiority in terms of overall operative time, postoperative pain levels, and patient morphine consumption. Additionally, the full-RAMIE group exhibited better perioperative outcomes, with significantly shorter ICU stays and fewer occurrences of pneumonias and severe complications. While there was a trend favoring the full-RAMIE technique in terms of severe postoperative complications and anastomotic insufficiencies, further research is required to establish it as the gold standard surgical technique for Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Peter Hoelzen
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Brooke E. Frankauer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Carsten Szardenings
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Dhruvajyoti Roy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lukas Pollmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Lukas Fortmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Jennifer Merten
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Emile Rijcken
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Mazen A. Juratli
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.E.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Pascher
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (B.E.F.); (A.P.)
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Gopinath SK, Jiwnani S, Valiyuthan P, Parab S, Niyogi D, Tiwari V, Pramesh CS. Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring during Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and 3-Field Lymphadenectomy: Safety, Efficacy, and Feasibility. J Chest Surg 2023; 56:336-345. [PMID: 37574880 PMCID: PMC10480398 DOI: 10.5090/jcs.23.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerves during thoracoscopic and robotic 3-field esophagectomy. Methods This retrospective analysis details our initial experience using intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) during minimally invasive 3-field esophagectomy. Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database and electronic medical records. The study included all patients who underwent minimally invasive (video-assisted thoracic surgery/robotic) transthoracic esophagectomy with neck anastomosis. The patients were divided into those who underwent IONM during the study period and a historical cohort who underwent 3-field esophagectomy without IONM at the same institution. Appropriate statistical tests were used to compare the 2 groups. Results Twenty-four patients underwent nerve monitoring during minimally invasive 3-field esophagectomy. Of these, 15 patients underwent thoraco-laparoscopic operation, while 9 received a robot-assisted procedure. In the immediate postoperative period, 8 of 24 patients (33.3%) experienced vocal cord paralysis. Relative to a historical cohort from the same institution, who were treated with surgery without nerve monitoring in the preceding 5 years, a 26% reduction was observed in the nerve paralysis rate (p=0.08). On follow-up, 6 of the 8 patients with vocal cord paralysis reported a return to normal vocal function. Additionally, patients who underwent IONM exhibited a higher nodal yield and a decreased frequency of tracheostomy and bronchoscopy. Conclusion The use of IONM during minimally invasive 3-field esophagectomy is safe and feasible. This technique has the potential to decrease the incidence of recurrent nerve palsy and increase nodal yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Kodaganur Gopinath
- Thoracic Surgical Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sabita Jiwnani
- Thoracic Surgical Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Parthiban Valiyuthan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Swapnil Parab
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Devayani Niyogi
- Thoracic Surgical Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Virendrakumar Tiwari
- Thoracic Surgical Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - C. S. Pramesh
- Thoracic Surgical Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Aiolfi A, Griffiths EA, Sozzi A, Manara M, Bonitta G, Bonavina L, Bona D. Effect of Anastomotic Leak on Long-Term Survival After Esophagectomy: Multivariate Meta-analysis and Restricted Mean Survival Times Examination. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:5564-5572. [PMID: 37210447 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anastomotic leak (AL) is a serious complication after esophagectomy. It is associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased costs, and increased risk for 90-day mortality. Controversy exists concerning the impact of AL on survival. This study was designed to investigate the effect of AL on long-term survival after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through October 30, 2022. The included studies evaluated the effect of AL on long-term survival. Primary outcome was long-term overall survival. Restricted mean survival time difference (RMSTD), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as pooled effect size measures. RESULTS Thirteen studies (7118 patients) were included. Overall, 727 (10.2%) patients experienced AL. The RMSTD analysis shows that at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months, patients not experiencing AL live an average of 0.7 (95% CI 0.2-1.2; p < 0.001), 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-2.6; p < 0.001), 2.6 (95% CI 1.6-3.7; p < 0.001), 3.4 (95% CI 1.9-4.9; p < 0.001), and 4.2 (95% CI 2.1-6.4; p < 0.001) months longer compared with those with AL, respectively. The time-dependent HRs analysis for AL versus no AL shows a higher mortality hazard in patients with AL at 3 (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.54-2.34), 6 (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.39-1.75), 12 (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.24-1.54), and 24 months (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02-1.31). CONCLUSIONS This study seems to suggest a modest clinical impact of AL on long-term OS after esophagectomy. Patients who experience AL seem to have a higher mortality hazard during the first 2 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aiolfi
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ewen A Griffiths
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea Sozzi
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Manara
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bonitta
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonavina
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Bona
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Division of General Surgery, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Merboth F, Distler M, Weitz J. [Robotic esophageal surgery]. CHIRURGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 94:812-820. [PMID: 36914758 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-023-01829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) is increasingly becoming established as a standard procedure in surgical centers for esophagectomy in cases of cancer. To date, RAMIE has been shown to have fewer postoperative complications and at least equivalent oncological outcomes compared with open resection. Compared with classical minimally invasive resection, there seem to be fewer cases of postoperative pneumonia after RAMIE. In addition, a higher number of harvested lymph nodes could lead to better oncological long-term outcomes. The learning curve for this complex surgical procedure is relatively shallow but can be greatly reduced at high-volume centers through special training and proctoring programs. Robotic surgical approaches have also been described for other esophageal diseases; however, no clear superiority compared to laparoscopic surgery has so far been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Merboth
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Deutschland: Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland; Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Marius Distler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Deutschland: Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland; Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
- Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Deutschland: Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland; Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Deutschland.
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Yanagimoto Y, Kurokawa Y, Doki Y. Essential updates 2021/2022: Perioperative and surgical treatments for gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2023; 7:698-708. [PMID: 37663969 PMCID: PMC10472390 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, important clinical trials for gastric cancer (GC) and esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC) have been reported, changing the strategies of surgical and perioperative treatment. Although laparoscopic gastrectomy has already been shown to be effective for early-stage cancer, recent evidence from both Asia (JLSSG0901, CLASS-01 and KLASS-02) and Europe (LOGICA and STOMACH trials) has demonstrated that it is useful for advanced GC. Robotic surgery has been rapidly gaining popularity in recent years, and randomized controlled trials are ongoing to evaluate its efficacy. A prospective nationwide multicenter study mapped sites with frequent metastasis and revealed lymphatic flow specific to EGJC, thus establishing the optimal lymph node dissection area and surgical approach based on esophageal involvement. Perioperative chemotherapy, the mainstay of treatment in Europe, also has been established in Asia by the PRODIGY and RESOLVE studies. New clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of combining immunotherapy or molecular-targeted therapy with perioperative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. In this review, we present important recent clinical trials regarding the treatment of GC and EGJC published in 2021 or 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
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