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Barry M, Trivedi A, Miyazawa B, Vivona LR, Shimmin D, Pathipati P, Keane C, Cuschieri J, Pati S. Regulation of vascular endothelial integrity by mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles after hemorrhagic shock and trauma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:588. [PMID: 38907252 PMCID: PMC11191310 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hemorrhagic shock and trauma (HS/T) are vulnerable to the endotheliopathy of trauma (EOT), characterized by vascular barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and coagulopathy. Cellular therapies such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential therapies targeting the EOT. In this study we investigated the effects of MSCs and MSC EVs on endothelial and epithelial barrier integrity in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of HS/T. This study addresses the systemic effects of HS/T on multiorgan EOT. METHODS In vitro, pulmonary endothelial cell (PEC) and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell monolayers were treated with control media, MSC conditioned media (CM), or MSC EVs in varying doses and subjected to a thrombin or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) challenge, respectively. Monolayer permeability was evaluated with a cell impedance assay, and intercellular junction integrity was evaluated with immunofluorescent staining. In vivo, a mouse model of HS/T was used to evaluate the effects of lactated Ringer's (LR), MSCs, and MSC EVs on endothelial and epithelial intercellular junctions in the lung and small intestine as well as on plasma inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS MSC EVs and MSC CM attenuated permeability and preserved intercellular junctions of the PEC monolayer in vitro, whereas only MSC CM was protective of the Caco-2 epithelial monolayer. In vivo, both MSC EVs and MSCs mitigated the loss of endothelial adherens junctions in the lung and small intestine, though only MSCs had a protective effect on epithelial tight junctions in the lung. Several plasma biomarkers including MMP8 and VEGF were elevated in LR- and EV-treated but not MSC-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MSC EVs could be a potential cell-free therapy targeting endotheliopathy after HS/T via preservation of the vascular endothelial barrier in multiple organs early after injury. Further research is needed to better understand the immunomodulatory effects of these products following HS/T and to move toward translating these therapies into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Barry
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Alpa Trivedi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave , San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Byron Miyazawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave , San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Lindsay R Vivona
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave , San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David Shimmin
- NanoCraft.US., 807 Aldo Ave, Suite-101, Santa Clara, CA, 95054, USA
| | - Praneeti Pathipati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave , San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Callie Keane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave , San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Joseph Cuschieri
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Shibani Pati
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave , San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Gao R, Lin P, Fang Z, Yang W, Gao W, Wang F, Pan X, Yu W. Cell-derived biomimetic nanoparticles for the targeted therapy of ALI/ARDS. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1432-1457. [PMID: 38117405 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common clinical critical diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Especially since the COVID-19 outbreak, the mortality rates of critically ill patients with ARDS can be as high as 60%. Therefore, this problem has become a matter of concern to respiratory critical care. To date, the main clinical measures for ALI/ARDS are mechanical ventilation and drug therapy. Although ventilation treatment reduces mortality, it increases the risk of hyperxemia, and drug treatment lacks safe and effective delivery methods. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies for ALI/ARDS are urgently needed. Developments in nanotechnology have allowed the construction of a safe, efficient, precise, and controllable drug delivery system. However, problems still encounter in the treatment of ALI/ARDS, such as the toxicity, poor targeting ability, and immunogenicity of nanomaterials. Cell-derived biomimetic nanodelivery drug systems have the advantages of low toxicity, long circulation, high targeting, and high bioavailability and show great therapeutic promises for ALI/ARDS owing to their acquired cellular biological features and some functions. This paper reviews ALI/ARDS treatments based on cell membrane biomimetic technology and extracellular vesicle biomimetic technology, aiming to achieve a significant breakthrough in ALI/ARDS treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Peihong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Zhengyu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xuwang Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
| | - Wenying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
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Barry M, Trivedi A, Miyazawa B, Vivona L, Shimmin D, Pathipati P, Keane C, Cuschieri J, Pati S. Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Integrity by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles after Hemorrhagic Shock and Trauma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4284907. [PMID: 38746312 PMCID: PMC11092837 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4284907/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hemorrhagic shock and trauma (HS/T) are vulnerable to the endotheliopathy of trauma (EOT), characterized by vascular barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and coagulopathy. Cellular therapies such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential therapies targeting the EOT. In this study we investigated the effects of MSCs and MSC EVs on endothelial and epithelial barrier integrity in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of HS/T. This study addresses systemic effects of HS/T on multiorgan EOT in HS/T model. METHODS In vitro, pulmonary endothelial cell (PEC) and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell monolayers were treated with control media, MSC conditioned media (CM), or MSC EVs in varying doses and subjected to a thrombin or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) challenge, respectively. Monolayer permeability was evaluated with a cell impedance assay, and intercellular junction integrity was evaluated with immunofluorescent staining. In vivo, a mouse model of HS/T was used to evaluate the effects of lactated Ringer's (LR), MSCs, and MSC EVs on endothelial and epithelial intercellular junctions in the lung and small intestine as well as on plasma inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS MSC EVs and MSC CM attenuated permeability and preserved intercellular junctions of the PEC monolayer in vitro, whereas only MSC CM was protective of the Caco-2 epithelial monolayer. In vivo, both MSC EVs and MSCs mitigated the loss of endothelial adherens junctions in the lung and small intestine, though only MSCs had a protective effect on epithelial tight junctions in the lung. Several plasma biomarkers including MMP8 and VEGF were elevated in LR- and EV-treated but not MSC-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MSC EVs could be a potential cell-free therapy targeting endotheliopathy after HS/T via preservation of the vascular endothelial barrier in multiple organs early after injury. Further research is needed to better understand the immunomodulatory effects of these products following HS/T and to move toward translating these therapies into clinical studies.
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Ahmed SH, AlMoslemany MA, Witwer KW, Tehamy AG, El-Badri N. Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunomodulatory Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:900-930. [PMID: 38393666 PMCID: PMC11087360 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 rapidly escalated into a worldwide pandemic with elevated infectivity even from asymptomatic patients. Complications can lead to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which are the main contributors to death. Because of their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities, stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are perceived as promising therapies against severe pulmonary conditions, including those associated with COVID-19. Herein, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cell EVs in treating COVID-19 and complicating pneumonia, acute lung injury, and ARDS. We also cover relevant preclinical studies to recapitulate the current progress in stem cell EV-based therapy. METHODS Using PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science, we searched for all English-language published studies (2000-2023) that used stem cell EVs as a therapy for COVID-19, ARDS, or pneumonia. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed for all studies. RESULTS Forty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Various-sized EVs derived from different types of stem cells were reported as a potentially safe and effective therapy to attenuate the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. EVs alleviated inflammation and regenerated the alveolar epithelium by decreasing apoptosis, proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, and M2 macrophage polarization. They also prevented fibrin production and promoted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial cell junction proteins. CONCLUSION Similar to their parental cells, stem cell EVs mediate lung tissue regeneration by targeting multiple pathways and thus hold promise in promoting the recovery of COVID-19 patients and improving the survival rate of severely affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hamdy Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atef AlMoslemany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt
| | - Kenneth Whitaker Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ahmed Gamal Tehamy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, Giza, 6th of October City, 12582, Egypt.
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González-Blanco C, Iglesias-Fortes S, Lockwood ÁC, Figaredo C, Vitulli D, Guillén C. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:992. [PMID: 38790954 PMCID: PMC11117504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles represent a group of structures with the capacity to communicate with different cells and organs. This complex network of interactions can regulate multiple physiological processes in the organism. Very importantly, these processes can be altered during the appearance of different diseases including cancer, metabolic diseases, etc. In addition, these extracellular vesicles can transport different cargoes, altering the initiation of the disease, driving the progression, or even accelerating the pathogenesis. Then, we have explored the implication of these structures in different alterations such as pancreatic cancer, and in different metabolic alterations such as diabetes and its complications and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Finally, we have explored in more detail the communication between the liver and the pancreas. In summary, extracellular vesicles represent a very efficient system for the communication among different tissues and permit an efficient system as biomarkers of the disease, as well as being involved in the extracellular-vesicle-mediated transport of molecules, serving as a potential therapy for different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Blanco
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (Á.C.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.I.-F.); (C.F.); (D.V.)
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Dirección General de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (DGIIT), Consejería de Educación y Universidades, Comunidad de Madrid, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarai Iglesias-Fortes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.I.-F.); (C.F.); (D.V.)
| | - Ángela Cristina Lockwood
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (Á.C.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.I.-F.); (C.F.); (D.V.)
- Dirección General de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (DGIIT), Consejería de Educación y Universidades, Comunidad de Madrid, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - César Figaredo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.I.-F.); (C.F.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniela Vitulli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.I.-F.); (C.F.); (D.V.)
| | - Carlos Guillén
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (Á.C.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.I.-F.); (C.F.); (D.V.)
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Dirección General de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (DGIIT), Consejería de Educación y Universidades, Comunidad de Madrid, 28001 Madrid, Spain
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Ateeq M, Broadwin M, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Extracellular Vesicles' Role in Angiogenesis and Altering Angiogenic Signaling. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:4. [PMID: 38249080 PMCID: PMC10801520 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessels formation from existing vasculature, plays a vital role in development, wound healing, and various pathophysiological conditions. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators in intercellular communication and have gained significant attention for their role in modulating angiogenic processes. This review explores the multifaceted role of EVs in angiogenesis and their capacity to modulate angiogenic signaling pathways. Through comprehensive analysis of a vast body of literature, this review highlights the potential of utilizing EVs as therapeutic tools to modulate angiogenesis for both physiological and pathological purposes. A good understanding of these concepts holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic interventions targeting angiogenesis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ateeq
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.A.); (M.B.); (F.W.S.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Broadwin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.A.); (M.B.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.A.); (M.B.); (F.W.S.)
| | - M. Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (M.A.); (M.B.); (F.W.S.)
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7
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Yu T, Cui Y, Xin S, Fu Y, Ding Y, Hao L, Nie H. Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium alleviates acute lung injury through KGF-mediated regulation of epithelial sodium channels. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115896. [PMID: 37984305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a progressive inflammatory injury, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to treat ALI. MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) contains many cytokines, in which keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a soluble factor that plays a role in lung development. We aim to explore the protective effects of MSCs secreted KGF on ALI, and investigate the involvement of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which are important in alveolar fluid reabsorption. Both lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced mouse and alveolar organoid ALI models were established to confirm the potential therapeutic effect of MSCs secreted KGF. Meanwhile, the expression and regulation of ENaC were determined in alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) cells. The results demonstrated that MSC-CM and KGF could alleviate the extent of inflammation-related pulmonary edema in ALI mice, which was abrogated by a KGF neutralizing antibody. In an alveolar organoid ALI model, KGF in MSC-CM could improve the proliferation and decrease the differentiation of ATII cells. At the cellular level, the LPS-inhibited protein expression of ENaC could be reversed by KGF in MSC-CM. In addition, bioinformatics analysis and our experimental data provided the evidence that the NF-κB signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of ENaC. Our research confirmed that the therapeutic effect of MSC-CM on edematous ALI was closely related to KGF, which may be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of ATII cells, as well as the upregulation of ENaC expression by the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuning Xin
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yunmei Fu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China.
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Frank ND, Miller M, Sethi D. An optimized HEK293T cell expansion protocol using a hollow-fiber bioreactor system. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad018. [PMID: 37720517 PMCID: PMC10504471 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors are commonly used to introduce genetic material into cells to modify cell function for a variety of purposes. Manufacture of those modified viruses may use a variety of cell types to generate high titers of viral particles; one of the most common being HEK293 cells. These cells have been modified into different lines aimed at satisfying specific use cases. HEK293T cells, for example, have been modified to include the SV40 large T antigen. Efficient viral particle production by HEK293T cells requires the maintenance of favorable cell culture conditions during expansion and transfection. This protocol describes the use of the Quantum® hollow-fiber bioreactor (HFB) system for the automated expansion of HEK293T cells, and the results derived using the protocol described herein were not compared with those from tissue culture flasks or other expansion platforms, as the parameters described are unique to Quantum's hollow fiber cell expansion environment. The purpose of this protocol is to help users of Quantum to focus on relevant parameters of expansion in the HFB milieu and to provide guidelines for a successful expansion of HEK293T cells in the Quantum system. The steps provided have been optimized to reliably control environmental factors related to glucose, lactate, and pH. Data reflecting this consistency are provided along with procedural time points reflected in text and figure formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Frank
- Research and Development, Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO, United States
| | - Mindy Miller
- Research and Development, Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO, United States
| | - Dalip Sethi
- Research and Development, Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO, United States
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9
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Salazar-Puerta AI, Rincon-Benavides MA, Cuellar-Gaviria TZ, Aldana J, Martinez GV, Ortega-Pineda L, Das D, Dodd D, Spencer CA, Deng B, McComb DW, Englert JA, Ghadiali S, Zepeda-Orozco D, Wold LE, Gallego-Perez D, Higuita-Castro N. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Dermal Fibroblasts Attenuate Inflammation in a Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210579. [PMID: 37119468 PMCID: PMC10573710 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a significant burden to the healthcare system, with ≈200 000 cases diagnosed annually in the USA. ARDS patients suffer from severe refractory hypoxemia, alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, impaired surfactant function, and abnormal upregulation of inflammatory pathways that lead to intensive care unit admission, prolonged hospitalization, and increased disability-adjusted life years. Currently, there is no cure or FDA-approved therapy for ARDS. This work describes the implementation of engineered extracellular vesicle (eEV)-based nanocarriers for targeted nonviral delivery of anti-inflammatory payloads to the inflamed/injured lung. The results show the ability of surfactant protein A (SPA)-functionalized IL-4- and IL-10-loaded eEVs to promote intrapulmonary retention and reduce inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo. Significant attenuation is observed in tissue damage, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, macrophage activation, influx of protein-rich fluid, and neutrophil infiltration into the alveolar space as early as 6 h post-eEVs treatment. Additionally, metabolomics analyses show that eEV treatment causes significant changes in the metabolic profile of inflamed lungs, driving the secretion of key anti-inflammatory metabolites. Altogether, these results establish the potential of eEVs derived from dermal fibroblasts to reduce inflammation, tissue damage, and the prevalence/progression of injury during ARDS via nonviral delivery of anti-inflammatory genes/transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Salazar-Puerta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - María A. Rincon-Benavides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Julian Aldana
- Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Gabriela Vasquez Martinez
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Research Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Lilibeth Ortega-Pineda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Devleena Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniel Dodd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Charles A. Spencer
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Binbin Deng
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis (CEMAS), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - David W. McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis (CEMAS), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Joshua A. Englert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Samir Ghadiali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Research Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Loren E. Wold
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniel Gallego-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Natalia Higuita-Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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10
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Pincela Lins PM, Pirlet E, Szymonik M, Bronckaers A, Nelissen I. Manufacture of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:965-981. [PMID: 36750391 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy for various diseases ranging from ischemic stroke to wound healing and cancer. Their therapeutic effects are mainly mediated by secretome-derived paracrine factors, with extracellular vesicles (EVs) proven to play a key role. This has led to promising research on the potential of MSC-EVs as regenerative, off-the-shelf therapeutic agents. However, the translation of MSC-EVs into the clinic is hampered by the poor scalability of their production. Recently, new advanced methods have been developed to upscale MSC cultivation and EV production yields, ranging from new cell culture devices to priming procedures. This review gives an overview of these innovative strategies for manufacturing MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Pincela Lins
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Elke Pirlet
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michal Szymonik
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Hasselt University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Health Department, Boeretang, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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11
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Martínez-Zarco BA, Jiménez-García MG, Tirado R, Ambrosio J, Hernández-Mendoza L. [Mesenchymal stem cells: Therapeutic option in ARDS, COPD, and COVID-19 patients]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2023; 70:89-101. [PMID: 37566772 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v70i1.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COVID-19 have as a common characteristic the inflammatory lesion of the lung epithelium. The therapeutic options are associated with opportunistic infections, a hyperglycemic state, and adrenal involvement. Therefore, the search for new treatment strategies that reduce inflammation, and promote re-epithelialization of damaged tissue is very important. This work describes the relevant pathophysiological characteristics of these diseases and evaluates recent findings on the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their therapeutic use. In Pubmed we selected the most relevant studies on the subject, published between 2003 and 2022 following the PRISMA guide. We conclude that MSCs are an important therapeutic option for regenerative treatment in COPD, ARDS, and COVID-19, because of their ability to differentiate into type II pneumocytes and maintain the size and function of lung tissue by replacing dead or damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocío Tirado
- Doctor en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biología del Citoesqueleto y Virología, Ciudad de México
| | - Javier Ambrosio
- Doctor en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biología del Citoesqueleto y Virología, Ciudad de México
| | - Lilian Hernández-Mendoza
- Doctor en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biología del Citoesqueleto y Virología, Ciudad de México.
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12
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Seim RF, Willis ML, Wallet SM, Maile R, Coleman LG. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AS REGULATORS OF IMMUNE FUNCTION IN TRAUMATIC INJURIES AND SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:180-189. [PMID: 36516458 PMCID: PMC9940835 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite advancements in critical care and resuscitation, traumatic injuries are one of the leading causes of death around the world and can bring about long-term disabilities in survivors. One of the primary causes of death for trauma patients are secondary phase complications that can develop weeks or months after the initial insult. These secondary complications typically occur because of systemic immune dysfunction that develops in response to injury, which can lead to immunosuppression, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure, unregulated inflammation, and potentially sepsis in patients. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as mediators of these processes because their levels are increased in circulation after traumatic injury and they encapsulate cargo that can aggravate these secondary complications. In this review, we will discuss the role of EVs in the posttrauma pathologies that arise after burn injuries, trauma to the central nervous system, and infection. In addition, we will examine the use of EVs as biomarkers for predicting late-stage trauma outcomes and as therapeutics for reversing the pathological processes that develop after trauma. Overall, EVs have emerged as critical mediators of trauma-associated pathology and their use as a therapeutic agent represents an exciting new field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland F. Seim
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Micah L. Willis
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shannon M. Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert Maile
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leon G. Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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13
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Karnas E, Dudek P, Zuba-Surma EK. Stem cell- derived extracellular vesicles as new tools in regenerative medicine - Immunomodulatory role and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120175. [PMID: 36761725 PMCID: PMC9902918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the practical use of stem cells (SCs) in the clinic has attracted significant attention in the regenerative medicine due to the ability of these cells to proliferate and differentiate into other cell types. However, recent findings have demonstrated that the therapeutic capacity of SCs may also be mediated by their ability to secrete biologically active factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such submicron circular membrane-enveloped vesicles may be released from the cell surface and harbour bioactive cargo in the form of proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, and other regulatory factors. Notably, growing evidence has indicated that EVs may transfer their bioactive content into recipient cells and greatly modulate their functional fate. Thus, they have been recently envisioned as a new class of paracrine factors in cell-to-cell communication. Importantly, EVs may modulate the activity of immune system, playing an important role in the regulation of inflammation, exhibiting broad spectrum of the immunomodulatory activity that promotes the transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-regenerative environment in the site of tissue injury. Consequently, growing interest is placed on attempts to utilize EVs in clinical applications of inflammatory-related dysfunctions as potential next-generation therapeutic factors, alternative to cell-based approaches. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge on the biological properties of SC-derived EVs, with special focus on their role in the regulation of inflammatory response. We will also address recent findings on the immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative activity of EVs in several disease models, including in vitro and in vivo preclinical, as well as clinical studies. Finally, we will highlight the current perspectives and future challenges of emerging EV-based therapeutic strategies of inflammation-related diseases treatment.
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14
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Martin R, Lei R, Zeng Y, Zhu J, Chang H, Ye H, Cui Z. Membrane Applications in Autologous Cell Therapy. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1182. [PMID: 36557091 PMCID: PMC9788437 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell and cell therapies, particularly autologous cell therapies, are becoming a common practice. However, in order for these technologies to achieve wide-scale clinical application, the prohibitively high cost associated with these therapies must be addressed through creative engineering. Membranes can be a disruptive technology to reshape the bioprocessing and manufacture of cellular products and significantly reduce the cost of autologous cell therapies. Examples of successful membrane applications include expansions of CAR-T cells, various human stem cells, and production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using hollow fibre membrane bioreactors. Novel membranes with tailored functions and surface properties and novel membrane modules that can accommodate the changing needs for surface area and transport properties are to be developed to fulfil this key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto Martin
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rui Lei
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Yida Zeng
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiachen Zhu
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research (OSCAR), University of Oxford, Suzhou 215123, China
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15
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Hu Q, Zhang S, Yang Y, Yao JQ, Tang WF, Lyon CJ, Hu TY, Wan MH. Extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute lung injury. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:61. [PMID: 36316787 PMCID: PMC9623953 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common life-threatening lung diseases associated with acute and severe inflammation. Both have high mortality rates, and despite decades of research on clinical ALI/ARDS, there are no effective therapeutic strategies. Disruption of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity or activation of inflammatory responses leads to lung inflammation and injury. Recently, studies on the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in regulating normal and pathophysiologic cell activities, including inflammation and injury responses, have attracted attention. Injured and dysfunctional cells often secrete EVs into serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with altered cargoes, which can be used to diagnose and predict the development of ALI/ARDS. EVs secreted by mesenchymal stem cells can also attenuate inflammatory reactions associated with cell dysfunction and injury to preserve or restore cell function, and thereby promote cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the roles of EVs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation, particularly ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medical Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen-Fu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Christopher J Lyon
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tony Ye Hu
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Mei-Hua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,West China Hospital (Airport) of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610299, China.
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16
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RECOVERY OF ENDOTHELIOPATHY AT 24 HOURS IN AN ESTABLISHED MOUSE MODEL OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK AND TRAUMA. Shock 2022; 58:313-320. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Wong CW, Han HW, Hsu SH. Changes of cell membrane fluidity for mesenchymal stem cell spheroids on biomaterial surfaces. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:616-632. [PMID: 36157913 PMCID: PMC9453270 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i8.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the form of three-dimensional spheroids has been extensively demonstrated. The underlying mechanisms for the altered cellular behavior of spheroids have also been investigated. Cell membrane fluidity is a critically important physical property for the regulation of cell behavior, but it has not been studied for the spheroid-forming cells to date.
AIM To explore the association between cell membrane fluidity and the morphological changes of MSC spheroids on the surface of biomaterials to elucidate the role of membrane fluidity during the spheroid-forming process of MSCs.
METHODS We generated three-dimensional (3D) MSC spheroids on the surface of various culture substrates including chitosan (CS), CS-hyaluronan (CS-HA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) substrates. The cell membrane fluidity and cell morphological change were examined by a time-lapse recording system as well as a high-resolution 3D cellular image explorer. MSCs and normal/cancer cells were pre-stained with fluorescent dyes and co-cultured on the biomaterials to investigate the exchange of cell membrane during the formation of heterogeneous cellular spheroids.
RESULTS We discovered that vesicle-like bubbles randomly appeared on the outer layer of MSC spheroids cultured on different biomaterial surfaces. The average diameter of the vesicle-like bubbles of MSC spheroids on CS-HA at 37 °C was approximately 10 μm, smaller than that on PVA substrates (approximately 27 μm). Based on time-lapse images, these unique bubbles originated from the dynamic movement of the cell membrane during spheroid formation, which indicated an increment of membrane fluidity for MSCs cultured on these substrates. Moreover, the membrane interaction in two different types of cells with similar membrane fluidity may further induce a higher level of membrane translocation during the formation of heterogeneous spheroids.
CONCLUSION Changes in cell membrane fluidity may be a novel path to elucidate the complicated physiological alterations in 3D spheroid-forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Wei Wong
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Han
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Research and Development Center for Medical Devices, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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18
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Huang Q, Gao S, Yao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Chen J, guo C, Zhao D, Li X. Innate immunity and immunotherapy for hemorrhagic shock. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918380. [PMID: 36091025 PMCID: PMC9453212 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a shock result of hypovolemic injury, in which the innate immune response plays a central role in the pathophysiology ofthe severe complications and organ injury in surviving patients. During the development of HS, innate immunity acts as the first line of defense, mediating a rapid response to pathogens or danger signals through pattern recognition receptors. The early and exaggerated activation of innate immunity, which is widespread in patients with HS, results in systemic inflammation, cytokine storm, and excessive activation of complement factors and innate immune cells, comprised of type II innate lymphoid cells, CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Recently, compelling evidence focusing on the innate immune regulation in preclinical and clinical studies promises new treatment avenues to reverse or minimize HS-induced tissue injury, organ dysfunction, and ultimately mortality. In this review, we first discuss the innate immune response involved in HS injury, and then systematically detail the cutting-edge therapeutic strategies in the past decade regarding the innate immune regulation in this field; these strategies include the use of mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, genetic approaches, antibody therapy, small molecule inhibitors, natural medicine, mesenteric lymph drainage, vagus nerve stimulation, hormones, glycoproteins, and others. We also reviewed the available clinical studies on immune regulation for treating HS and assessed the potential of immune regulation concerning a translation from basic research to clinical practice. Combining therapeutic strategies with an improved understanding of how the innate immune system responds to HS could help to identify and develop targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe organ dysfunction, improve patient outcomes, and reduce mortality due to HS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Huang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Song Gao
- Jilin Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical New Drug Development Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yisa Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chen guo
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Daqing Zhao, ; Xiangyan Li,
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Daqing Zhao, ; Xiangyan Li,
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Cunningham AW, Jones M, Frank N, Sethi D, Miller MM. Stem-like memory T cells are generated during hollow fiber perfusion-based expansion and enriched after cryopreservation in an automated modular cell therapy manufacturing process. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1148-1157. [PMID: 36031522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Modular automation is a flexible and reliable option to build the foundation of a new or evolving process or to introduce automation to a process that is already established. Herein the authors demonstrate that modular automation provides both high-quality and high-yield T-cell products. METHODS Cells from three individual donors collected on an automated continuous flow centrifugation system were successfully expanded in a functionally closed, automated, perfusion-based hollow fiber bioreactor. These cells were then prepared for cryopreservation in an automated closed-system device that maintains temperature and aliquots a mixed cell product and cryoprotectant into product bags. Cell product bags were thawed and expanded in flasks. Samples taken throughout this manufacturing process were analyzed for cell phenotype, exhaustion markers and functionality. The proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was maintained through each step, from pre-expansion and post-expansion to immediately after thaw and 24 h after thaw. RESULTS Interestingly, phenotypic markers such as CD45RO, CD45RA and CCR7 evolved throughout the process and stem-like memory T cells emerged as the predominant phenotype in the clinically relevant 24-h post-thaw sample. CONCLUSIONS Modular automation supported the generation of stem-like memory T cells that were not terminally exhausted and were able to produce effector cytokines upon restimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Jones
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathan Frank
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Dalip Sethi
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA.
| | - Mindy M Miller
- Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies, Lakewood, Colorado, USA.
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20
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Zhang E, Phan P, Zhao Z. Cellular nanovesicles for therapeutic immunomodulation: A perspective on engineering strategies and new advances. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1789-1827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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21
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Weber B, Franz N, Marzi I, Henrich D, Leppik L. Extracellular vesicles as mediators and markers of acute organ injury: current concepts. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:1525-1544. [PMID: 33533957 PMCID: PMC7856451 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the continued high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, there is a need to develop new strategies for the quick, precise, and valuable recognition of presenting injury pattern in traumatized and poly-traumatized patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to facilitate intercellular communication processes between cells in close proximity as well as distant cells in healthy and disease organisms. miRNAs and proteins transferred by EVs play biological roles in maintaining normal organ structure and function under physiological conditions. In pathological conditions, EVs change the miRNAs and protein cargo composition, mediating or suppressing the injury consequences. Therefore, incorporating EVs with their unique protein and miRNAs signature into the list of promising new biomarkers is a logical next step. In this review, we discuss the general characteristics and technical aspects of EVs isolation and characterization. We discuss results of recent in vitro, in vivo, and patients study describing the role of EVs in different inflammatory diseases and traumatic organ injuries. miRNAs and protein signature of EVs found in patients with acute organ injury are also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Niklas Franz
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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22
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Driscoll J, Yan IK, Patel T. Development of a Lyophilized Off-the-Shelf Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Acellular Therapeutic. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040849. [PMID: 35456683 PMCID: PMC9030800 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic activities elicited by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are in part mediated through paracrine action by the release of extracellular vesicles (EV) and secreted proteins. Collectively, these MSC-derived factors, referred to as the secretome product (SP), are intrinsically therapeutic and represent an attractive alternative to cell-based therapies. Herein, we developed a lyopreservation protocol to extend the shelf-life of the MSC-SP without compromising the structural or functional integrity of the vesicular components. The SP isolated from normoxia- and anoxia-exposed MSC elicited protective effects in an in vitro model of oxidative injury and the bioactivity was retained in the lyophilized samples. Three separate formulations of MSC-SP were isolated by tangential flow filtration using sucrose, trehalose, and mannitol as lyoprotectant agents. The MSC-SPs were lyophilized using a manifold protocol and the structural and functional integrity were assessed. The trehalose formulation of SP exhibited the highest EV and protein recovery after manifold-based lyophilization. To facilitate development as a therapeutic, a shelf lyophilization protocol was developed which markedly enhanced the recovery of EV and proteins. In conclusion, lyophilization represents an efficient method to preserve the structural and functional integrity of the MSC-SP and can be used to develop an off-the-shelf therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tushar Patel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-904-956-3257; Fax: +1-904-956-3359
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23
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Chu X, Subramani K, Thomas B, Terry AV, Fulzele S, Raju RP. Juvenile Plasma Factors Improve Organ Function and Survival following Injury by Promoting Antioxidant Response. Aging Dis 2022; 13:568-582. [PMID: 35371607 PMCID: PMC8947827 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that factors in the blood of young organisms can rejuvenate the old ones. Studies using heterochronic parabiosis models further reinforced the hypothesis that juvenile factors can rejuvenate aged systems. We sought to determine the effect of juvenile plasma-derived factors on the outcome following hemorrhagic shock injury in aged mice. We discovered that pre-pubertal (young) mice subjected to hemorrhagic shock survived for a prolonged period, in the absence of fluid resuscitation, compared to mature or aged mice. To further understand the mechanism of maturational dependence of injury resolution, extracellular vesicles isolated from the plasma of young mice were administered to aged mice subjected to hemorrhagic shock. The extracellular vesicle treatment prolonged life in the aged mice. The treatment resulted in reduced oxidative stress in the liver and in the circulation, along with an enhanced expression of the nuclear factor erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target genes, and a reduction in the expression of the transcription factor BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). We propose that plasma factors in the juvenile mice have a reparative effect in the aged mice in injury resolution by modulating the Nrf2/Bach1 axis in the antioxidant response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Chu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Kumar Subramani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neuroscience and Drug Discovery, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Raghavan Pillai Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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24
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Song P, Pan W, Xu P, Wang G, Hu P, Wang Z, Huang K, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Induced Hepatic Injury via IL-10/PTPN22-Mediated M2 Kupffer Cell Polarization. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811164. [PMID: 35095903 PMCID: PMC8790700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide in severely injured patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and tissue repair potential mainly through a paracrine pathway mediated by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role during the inflammatory response, with a broad range of effects on innate and adaptive immunity, preventing damage to the host and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. However, the function and mechanism of IL-10 in MSC-mediated protective effect in THS remain obscure. Here, we show that MSCs significantly attenuate hepatic injury and inflammation from THS in mice. Notably, these beneficial effects of MSCs disappeared when IL-10 was knocked out in EVs or when recombinant IL-10 was administered to mice. Mechanistically, MSC-EVs function to carry and deliver IL-10 as cargo. WT MSC-EVs restored the function of IL-10 KO MSCs during THS injury. We further demonstrated that EVs containing IL-10 mainly accumulated in the liver during THS, where they were captured by Kupffer cells and induced the expression of PTPN22. These effects subsequently shifted Kupffer cells to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and mitigated liver inflammation and injury. Therefore, our study indicates that MSC-EVs containing IL-10 alleviate THS-induced hepatic injury and may serve as a cell-free therapeutic approach for THS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Ningxia hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenming Pan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunpeng Huang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Basic School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Barry M, Trivedi A, Pathipati P, Miyazawa BY, Vivona LR, Togarrati PP, Khakoo M, Tanner H, Norris P, Pati S. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles mitigate vascular permeability and injury in the small intestine and lung in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock and trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92:489-498. [PMID: 34882596 PMCID: PMC8866219 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic shock and trauma (HS/T)-induced gut injury may play a critical role in the development of multi-organ failure. Novel therapies that target gut injury and vascular permeability early after HS/T could have substantial impacts on trauma patients. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC EVs) in vivo in HS/T in mice and in vitro in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. METHODS In vivo, using a mouse model of HS/T, vascular permeability to a 10-kDa dextran dye and histopathologic injury in the small intestine and lungs were measured among mice. Groups were (1) sham, (2) HS/T + lactated Ringer's (LR), (3) HS/T + MSCs, and (4) HS/T + MSC EVs. In vitro, Caco-2 cell monolayer integrity was evaluated by an epithelial cell impedance assay. Caco-2 cells were pretreated with control media, MSC conditioned media (CM), or MSC EVs, then challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). RESULTS In vivo, both MSCs and MSC EVs significantly reduced vascular permeability in the small intestine (fluorescence units: sham, 456 ± 88; LR, 1067 ± 295; MSC, 765 ± 258; MSC EV, 715 ± 200) and lung (sham, 297 ± 155; LR, 791 ± 331; MSC, 331 ± 172; MSC EV, 303 ± 88). Histopathologic injury in the small intestine and lung was also attenuated by MSCs and MSC EVs. In vitro, MSC CM but not MSC EVs attenuated the increased permeability among Caco-2 cell monolayers challenged with H2O2. CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cell EVs recapitulate the effects of MSCs in reducing vascular permeability and injury in the small intestine and lungs in vivo, suggesting MSC EVs may be a potential cell-free therapy targeting multi-organ dysfunction in HS/T. This is the first study to demonstrate that MSC EVs improve both gut and lung injury in an animal model of HS/T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Barry
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Surgery. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Alpa Trivedi
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Praneeti Pathipati
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Byron Y. Miyazawa
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lindsay R. Vivona
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | - Manisha Khakoo
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Heather Tanner
- Vitalant Research Institute. 270 Masonic Ave. San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Philip Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute. 270 Masonic Ave. San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Shibani Pati
- University of California, San Francisco. Department of Laboratory Medicine. 513 Parnassus Ave. San Francisco, CA 94143
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26
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Jha KA, Rasiah PK, Gentry J, Del Mar NA, Kumar R, Adebiyi A, Reiner A, Gangaraju R. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome protects against oxidative stress-induced ocular blast visual pathologies. Exp Eye Res 2022; 215:108930. [PMID: 35016886 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Visual deficits are a common concern among subjects with head trauma. Stem cell therapies have gained recent attention in treating visual deficits following head trauma. Previously, we have shown that adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) concentrated conditioned medium (ASC-CCM), when delivered via an intravitreal route, yielded a significant improvement in vision accompanied by a decrease in retinal neuroinflammation in a focal cranial blast model that indirectly injures the retina. The purpose of the current study is to extend our previous studies to a direct ocular blast injury model to further establish the preclinical efficacy of ASC-CCM. Adult C57BL/6J mice were subjected to repetitive ocular blast injury (rOBI) of 25 psi to the left eye, followed by intravitreal delivery of ASC-CCM (∼200 ng protein/2 μl) or saline within 2-3 h. Visual function and histological changes were measured 4 weeks after injury and treatment. In vitro, Müller cells were used to evaluate the antioxidant effect of ASC-CCM. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and b-wave amplitudes in rOBI mice receiving saline were significantly decreased compared with age-matched sham blast mice. Immunohistological analyses demonstrated a significant increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (a retinal injury marker) in Müller cell processes, DNA/RNA damage, and nitrotyrosine (indicative of oxidative stress) in the retina, while qPCR analysis revealed a >2-fold increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, ICAM1, and Ccl2) in the retina, as well as markers for microglia/macrophage activation (IL-1β and CD86). Remarkably, rOBI mice that received ASC-CCM demonstrated a significant improvement in visual function compared to saline-treated rOBI mice, with visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and b-wave amplitudes that were not different from those in sham mice. This improvement in visual function also was associated with a significant reduction in retinal GFAP, neuroinflammation markers, and oxidative stress compared to saline-treated rOBI mice. In vitro, Müller cells exposed to oxidative stress via increasing doses of hydrogen peroxide demonstrated decreased viability, increased GFAP mRNA expression, and reduced activity for the antioxidant catalase. On the other hand, oxidatively stressed Müller cells pre-incubated with ASC-CCM showed normalized GFAP, viability, and catalase activity. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that a single intravitreal injection of ASC-CCM in the rOBI can significantly rescue retinal injury and provide significant restoration of visual function. Our in vitro studies suggest that the antioxidant catalase may play a major role in the protective effects of ASC-CCM, uncovering yet another aspect of the multifaceted benefits of ASC secretome therapies in neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Abhiram Jha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite 769, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Pratheepa Kumari Rasiah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite 769, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Jordy Gentry
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite 769, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Nobel A Del Mar
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 317 Wittenborg Building, 875 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Coleman Building, Suite C211, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Avenue, Coleman Building, Suite C211, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Anton Reiner
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 522 Wittenborg Building, 875 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Rajashekhar Gangaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anatomy & Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Suite 768, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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27
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Alsaadi N, Srinivasan AJ, Seshadri A, Shiel M, Neal MD, Scott MJ. The emerging therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in trauma. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:93-111. [PMID: 34533241 PMCID: PMC9169334 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0621-298r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite significant advances in treatments. Most deaths occur either very early, through massive head trauma/CNS injury or exsanguination (despite advances in transfusion medicine), or later after injury often through multiple organ failure and secondary infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to increase in the circulation after trauma and have been used to limited extent as diagnostic and prognostic markers. More intriguingly, EVs are now being investigated as both causes of pathologies post trauma, such as trauma-induced coagulopathy, and as potential treatments. In this review, we highlight what is currently known about the role and effects of EVs in various aspects of trauma, as well as exploring current literature from investigators who have begun to use EVs therapeutically to alter the physiology and pathology of traumatic insults. The potential effectiveness of using EVs therapeutically in trauma is supported by a large number of experimental studies, but there is still some way to go before we understand the complex effects of EVs in what is already a complex disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijmeh Alsaadi
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amudan J Srinivasan
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anupamaa Seshadri
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Shiel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew D Neal
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie J Scott
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Esquivel-Ruiz S, González-Rodríguez P, Lorente JA, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Herrero R, Moreno L. Extracellular Vesicles and Alveolar Epithelial-Capillary Barrier Disruption in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Potential. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752287. [PMID: 34887773 PMCID: PMC8650589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring genetic material, proteins and organelles between different cells types in both health and disease. Recent evidence suggests that these vesicles, more than simply diagnostic markers, are key mediators of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of EVs released by pulmonary structural cells (alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells) and immune cells in these diseases, with particular attention to their ability to modulate inflammation and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, a hallmark of ARDS. EVs also offer a unique opportunity to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of ARDS. Evidences supporting the ability of stem cell-derived EVs to attenuate the lung injury and ongoing strategies to improve their therapeutic potential are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma González-Rodríguez
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Lorente
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical Section, School of Medicine, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Zhang X, Ye L, Liang G, Tang W, Yao L, Huang C. Different microRNAs contribute to the protective effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles in LPS induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1702-1708. [PMID: 35432797 PMCID: PMC8976904 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56433.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to determine whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles (MSC MVs) were effective in restoring lung tissue structure, and to assess the potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS ARDS was induced by lipopolysaccharide in male C57BL/6 mice. The degree of lung injury was assessed by histological analysis, lung's wet weight/body weight, and protein levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Sequencing was performed on the BGISEQ-500 platform. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were screened with the DEGseq software. The target genes of DEMs were predicted by iRNAhybrid, miRanda, and TargetScan. RESULTS Compared with LPS-injured mice, MSC MVs reduced lung water and total protein levels in the BALF, demonstrating a protective effect. 52 miRNAs were differentially expressed following treatment with MSC MVs in ARDS mice. Among them, miR-532-5p, miR-223-3p, and miR-744-5p were significantly regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed the target genes were mainly located in the cell, organelle, and membrane. Furthermore, KEGG pathways such as ErbB, PI3K-Akt, Ras, MAPK, Toll, and Wnt signaling pathways were the most significant pathways enriched by the target genes. CONCLUSION MSC MVs treatment was involved in alleviating lung injury and promoting lung tissue repair by dysregulated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojin Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changshun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China,Corresponding author: Changshun Huang. Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, No. 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China. Tel/ Fax: +86-13957882779;
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30
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Ding Y, Cui Y, Hou Y, Nie H. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium facilitates fluid resolution via miR-214-activating epithelial sodium channels. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 1:376-385. [PMID: 34766129 PMCID: PMC8491198 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is featured with severe lung edema at the early exudative phase, resulting from the imbalance of alveolar fluid turnover and clearance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) belong to multipotent stem cells, which have shown potential therapeutic effects during ALI. Of note, MSC‐conditioned medium (MSC‐CM) improved alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in vivo, whereas the involvement of miRNAs is seldom known. We thus aim to explore the roles of miR‐214 in facilitating MSC‐CM mediated fluid resolution of impaired AFC. In this study, AFC was increased significantly by intratracheally administrated MSC‐CM in lipopolysaccharide‐treated mice. MSC‐CM augmented amiloride‐sensitive currents in intact H441 monolayers, and increased α‐epithelial sodium channel (α‐ENaC) expression level in H441 and mouse alveolar type 2 epithelial cells. Meanwhile, MSC‐CM increased the expression of miR‐214, which may participate in regulating ENaC expression and function. Our results suggested that MSC‐CM enhanced AFC in ALI mice in vivo through a novel mechanism, involving miR‐214 regulation of ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine College of Basic Medical Science China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine College of Basic Medical Science China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine College of Basic Medical Science China Medical University Shenyang China
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31
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Valade G, Libert N, Martinaud C, Vicaut E, Banzet S, Peltzer J. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Prevention of Organ Injuries Induced by Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749659. [PMID: 34659252 PMCID: PMC8511792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe trauma is the principal cause of death among young people worldwide. Hemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of death after severe trauma. Traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) is a complex phenomenon associating an absolute hypovolemia secondary to a sudden and significant extravascular blood loss, tissue injury, and, eventually, hypoxemia. These phenomena are responsible of secondary injuries such as coagulopathy, endotheliopathy, microcirculation failure, inflammation, and immune activation. Collectively, these dysfunctions lead to secondary organ failures and multi-organ failure (MOF). The development of MOF after severe trauma is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, where immunological dysfunction plays a central role. Damage-associated molecular patterns induce an early and exaggerated activation of innate immunity and a suppression of adaptive immunity. Severe complications are associated with a prolonged and dysregulated immune–inflammatory state. The current challenge in the management of THS patients is preventing organ injury, which currently has no etiological treatment available. Modulating the immune response is a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing the complications of THS. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in a large number of adult tissues and used in clinical practice as therapeutic agents for immunomodulation and tissue repair. There is growing evidence that their efficiency is mainly attributed to the secretion of a wide range of bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Indeed, different experimental studies revealed that MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) could modulate local and systemic deleterious immune response. Therefore, these new cell-free therapeutic products, easily stored and available immediately, represent a tremendous opportunity in the emergency context of shock. In this review, the pathophysiological environment of THS and, in particular, the crosstalk between the immune system and organ function are described. The potential therapeutic benefits of MSCs or their EVs in treating THS are discussed based on the current knowledge. Understanding the key mechanisms of immune deregulation leading to organ damage is a crucial element in order to optimize the preparation of EVs and potentiate their therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Valade
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Inserm UMRS-MD-1197, Clamart, France
| | - Nicolas Libert
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, Clamart, France
| | - Christophe Martinaud
- Unité de Médicaments de Thérapie Innovante, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Laboratoire d'Etude de la Microcirculation, Université de Paris, UMRS 942 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Inserm UMRS-MD-1197, Clamart, France
| | - Juliette Peltzer
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Inserm UMRS-MD-1197, Clamart, France
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32
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Xu Z, Huang Y, Zhou J, Deng X, He W, Liu X, Li Y, Zhong N, Sang L. Current Status of Cell-Based Therapies for COVID-19: Evidence From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Sepsis and ARDS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738697. [PMID: 34659231 PMCID: PMC8517471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe respiratory consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have prompted the urgent need for novel therapies. Cell-based therapies, primarily using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), have demonstrated safety and potential efficacy in the treatment of critical illness, particularly sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, there are limited preclinical data for MSCs in COVID-19. Recent studies have shown that MSCs could decrease inflammation, improve lung permeability, enhance microbe and alveolar fluid clearance, and promote lung epithelial and endothelial repair. In addition, MSC-based therapy has shown promising effects in preclinical studies and phase 1 clinical trials in sepsis and ARDS. Here, we review recent advances related to MSC-based therapy in the context of sepsis and ARDS and evaluate the potential value of MSCs as a therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmeng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqun He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Tieu A, Hu K, Gnyra C, Montroy J, Fergusson DA, Allan DS, Stewart DJ, Thébaud B, Lalu MM. Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles as therapy for acute and chronic respiratory diseases: A meta-analysis. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12141. [PMID: 34596349 PMCID: PMC8485337 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies suggest mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) reduce inflammation and improve organ function in lung diseases; however, an objective analysis of all available data is needed prior to translation. Using rigorous meta-research methods, we determined the effectiveness of MSC-EVs for preclinical respiratory diseases and identified experimental conditions that may further refine this therapy. A systematic search of MEDLINE/Embase identified 1167 records. After screening, 52 articles were included for data extraction and evaluated for risk of bias and quality of reporting in study design. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted for acute lung injury (ALI; N = 23), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; N = 8) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; N = 7). Subgroup analyses identified EV methods/characteristics that may be associated with improved efficacy. Data is presented as standardized mean differences (SMD) or risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For ALI, MSC-EVs markedly reduced lung injury (SMD -4.33, CI -5.73 to -2.92), vascular permeability (SMD -2.43, CI -3.05 to -1.82), and mortality (RR 0.39, CI 0.22 to 0.68). Small EVs were more consistently effective than large EVs whereas no differences were observed between tissue sources, immunocompatibility or isolation techniques. For BPD, alveolarization was improved by MSC-EVs (SMD -1.45, CI -2.08 to -0.82) with small EVs more consistently beneficial then small/large EVs. In PAH, right ventricular systolic pressure (SMD -4.16, CI -5.68 to -2.64) and hypertrophy (SMD -2.80, CI -3.68 to -1.91) were significantly attenuated by EVs. In BPD and PAH, EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation demonstrated therapeutic benefit whereas tangential flow filtration (N = 2) displayed minimal efficacy. Lastly, risk of bias and quality of reporting for experimental design were consistently unclear across all studies. Our findings demonstrate clear potential of MSC-EVs to be developed as therapy for acute and chronic lung diseases. However, greater transparency in research design and direct comparisons of isolation technique and EV subtypes are needed to generate robust evidence to guide clinical translation. Protocol Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020145334.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tieu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin Hu
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Catherine Gnyra
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Joshua Montroy
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Dean A. Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - David S. Allan
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Manoj M. Lalu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramBLUEPRINT Translational Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada
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Chen H, Liu O, Chen S, Zhou Y. Aging and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges in the Older Group. Gerontology 2021; 68:339-352. [PMID: 34161948 DOI: 10.1159/000516668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, a portion of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), become senescent, and these senescent cells accumulate and promote various age-related diseases. Therefore, the older age group has become a major population for MSC therapy, which is aimed at improving tissue regeneration and function of the aged body. However, the application of MSC therapy is often unsatisfying in the aged group. One reasonable conjecture for this correlation is that aging microenvironment reduces the number and function of MSCs. Cellular senescence also plays an important role in MSC function impairment. Thus, it is necessary to explore the relationship between senescence and MSCs for improving the application of MSCs in the elderly. Here, we present the influence of aging on MSCs and the characteristics and functional changes of senescent MSCs. Furthermore, current therapeutic strategies for improving MSC therapy in the elderly group are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueying Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Modular cell-assembled adipose matrix-derived bead foams as a mesenchymal stromal cell delivery platform for soft tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120978. [PMID: 34182328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of establishing a new clinically-relevant bioscaffold format to enable the delivery of high densities of human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) for applications in soft tissue regeneration, a novel "cell-assembly" method was developed to generate robust 3-D scaffolds comprised of fused networks of decellularized adipose tissue (DAT)-derived beads. In vitro studies confirmed that the assembly process was mediated by remodelling of the extracellular matrix by the seeded ASCs, which were well distributed throughout the scaffolds and remained highly viable after 8 days in culture. The ASC density, sulphated glycosaminoglycan content and scaffold stability were enhanced under culture conditions that included growth factor preconditioning. In vivo testing was performed to compare ASCs delivered within the cell-assembled DAT bead foams to an equivalent number of ASCs delivered on a previously-established pre-assembled DAT bead foam platform in a subcutaneous implant model in athymic nude mice. Scaffolds were fabricated with human ASCs engineered to stably co-express firefly luciferase and tdTomato to enable long-term cell tracking. Longitudinal bioluminescence imaging showed a significantly stronger signal associated with viable human ASCs at timepoints up to 7 days in the cell-assembled scaffolds, although both implant groups were found to retain similar densities of human ASCs at 28 days. Notably, the infiltration of CD31+ murine endothelial cells was enhanced in the cell-assembled implants at 28 days. Moreover, microcomputed tomography angiography revealed that there was a marked reduction in vascular permeability in the cell-assembled group, indicating that the developing vascular network was more stable in the new scaffold format. Overall, the novel cell-assembled DAT bead foams represent a promising platform to harness the pro-regenerative paracrine functionality of human ASCs and warrant further investigation as a clinically-translational approach for volume augmentation.
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Zhang B, Tian X, Hao J, Xu G, Zhang W. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720908500. [PMID: 32207341 PMCID: PMC7444208 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720908500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have attracted
increasing interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Previously, the
differentiation ability of MSCs was believed to be primarily responsible for
tissue repair. Recent studies have shown that paracrine mechanisms play an
important role in this process. MSCs can secrete soluble molecules and
extracellular vesicles (EVs), which mediate paracrine communication. EVs contain
large amounts of proteins and nucleic acids, such as mRNAs and microRNAs
(miRNAs), and can transfer the cargo between cells. The cargoes are similar to
those in MSCs and are not susceptible to degradation due to the protection of
the EV bimolecular membrane structure. MSC-EVs can mimic the biological
characteristics of MSCs, such as differentiation, maturation, and self-renewal.
Due to their broad biological functions and their ability to transfer molecules
between cells, EVs have been intensively studied by an increasing number of
researchers with a focus on therapeutic applications, especially those of EVs
secreted by MSCs. In this review, we discuss MSC-derived EVs and their
therapeutic potential in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, Chin.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Jun Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, Chin
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Diseases, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, Chin
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Merino A, Sablik M, Korevaar SS, López-Iglesias C, Ortiz-Virumbrales M, Baan CC, Lombardo E, Hoogduijn MJ. Membrane Particles Derived From Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Endothelial Cell Barrier Integrity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650522. [PMID: 33897698 PMCID: PMC8058477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory stimuli lead to endothelial injury, which results in pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and contributes to alloimmune responses after organ transplantation. Both mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and the extracellular vesicles (EV) released by them are widely studied as regenerative therapy for the endothelium. However, for therapeutic application, the manipulation of living MSC and large-scale production of EV are major challenges. Membrane particles (MP) generated from MSC may be an alternative to the use of whole MSC or EV. MP are nanovesicles artificially generated from the membranes of MSC and possess some of the therapeutic properties of MSC. In the present study we investigated whether MP conserve the beneficial MSC effects on endothelial cell repair processes under inflammatory conditions. MP were generated by hypotonic shock and extrusion of MSC membranes. The average size of MP was 120 nm, and they showed a spherical shape. The effects of two ratios of MP (50,000; 100,000 MP per target cell) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were tested in a model of inflammation induced by TNFα. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that within 24 hours >90% of HUVEC had taken up MP. Moreover, MP ended up in the lysosomes of the HUVEC. In a co-culture system of monocytes and TNFα activated HUVEC, MP did not affect monocyte adherence to HUVEC, but reduced the transmigration of monocytes across the endothelial layer from 138 ± 61 monocytes per microscopic field in TNFα activated HUVEC to 61 ± 45 monocytes. TNFα stimulation induced a 2-fold increase in the permeability of the HUVEC monolayer measured by the translocation of FITC-dextran to the lower compartment of a transwell system. At a dose of 1:100,000 MP significantly decreased endothelial permeability (1.5-fold) respect to TNFα Stimulated HUVEC. Finally, MP enhanced the angiogenic potential of HUVEC in an in vitro Matrigel assay by stimulating the formation of angiogenic structures, such as percentage of covered area, total tube length, total branching points, total loops. In conclusion, MP show regenerative effects on endothelial cells, opening a new avenue for treatment of vascular diseases where inflammatory processes damage the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marta Sablik
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander S Korevaar
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- Microscopy CORE Lab, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, FHML Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Carla C Baan
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Lam G, Zhou Y, Wang JX, Tsui YP. Targeting mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe pneumonia patients. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:139-154. [PMID: 33708343 PMCID: PMC7933990 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lungs and it is the world's leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age. The latest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is a prominent culprit to severe pneumonia. With the pandemic running rampant for the past year, more than 1590000 deaths has occurred worldwide up to December 2020 and are substantially attributable to severe pneumonia and induced cytokine storm. Effective therapeutic approaches in addition to the vaccines and drugs under development are hence greatly sought after. Therapies harnessing stem cells and their derivatives have been established by basic research for their versatile capacity to specifically inhibit inflammation due to pneumonia and prevent alveolar/pulmonary fibrosis while enhancing antibacterial/antiviral immunity, thus significantly alleviating the severe clinical conditions of pneumonia. In recent clinical trials, mesenchymal stem cells have shown effectiveness in reducing COVID-19-associated pneumonia morbidity and mortality; positioning these cells as worthy candidates for combating one of the greatest challenges of our time and shedding light on their prospects as a next-generation therapy to counter future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Research and Development, Help Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Xian Wang
- Research and Development, Help Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yat-Ping Tsui
- Research and Development, Help Therapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211100, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Dahiya R, Dahiya S, Sudhakar K, Kumari U, Sathasivam K, Meenakshi DU, Wu YS, Sekar M, Malviya R, Singh A, Fuloria NK. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Regenerative Potential and Challenges. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:172. [PMID: 33668707 PMCID: PMC7996168 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that stem cells exert regenerative potential via the release of extracellular vesicles. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSCEVs) offer therapeutic benefits for various pathophysiological ailments by restoring tissues. Facts suggest that MSCEV action can be potentiated by modifying the mesenchymal stem cells culturing methodology and bioengineering EVs. Limited clinical trials of MSCEVs have questioned their superiority, culturing quality, production scale-up and isolation, and administration format. Translation of preclinically successful MSCEVs into a clinical platform requires paying attention to several critical matters, such as the production technique, quantification/characterization, pharmacokinetics/targeting/transfer to the target site, and the safety profile. Keeping these issues as a priority, the present review was designed to highlight the challenges in translating preclinical MSCEV research into clinical platforms and provide evidence for the regenerative potential of MSCEVs in various conditions of the liver, kidney, heart, nervous system, bone, muscle, cartilage, and other organs/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia; (V.S.); (Y.S.W.)
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Sunita Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
| | - Kalvatala Sudhakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LIT-Pharmacy), Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India;
| | - Usha Kumari
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia;
| | | | | | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia; (V.S.); (Y.S.W.)
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia;
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India; (R.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India; (R.M.); (A.S.)
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Fröhlich E. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Products in Lung Diseases-Intravenous Administration versus Inhalation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:232. [PMID: 33562240 PMCID: PMC7915745 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of publications studying the therapeutic use of stem cells has steadily increased since 2000. Compared to other applications, there has been little interest in the evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived products (mostly extracellular vesicles) for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Due to the lack of efficient treatments for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the action of MSCs has also been studied. This review describes mode of action and use of MSCs and MSC-derived products in the treatment of lung diseases including the respective advantages and limitations of the products. Further, issues related to standardized production are addressed. Administration by inhalation of MSCs, compared to intravenous injection, could decrease cell damage by shear stress, eliminate the barrier to reach target cells in the alveoli, prevent thrombus formation in the pulmonary vasculature and retention in filter for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. There is more feasible to deliver extracellular vesicles than MSCs with inhalers, offering the advantage of non-invasive and repeated administration by the patient. Major obstacles for comparison of results are heterogeneity of the products, differences in the treatment protocols and small study cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; ; Tel.: +43-316-385-73011
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Trivedi A, Potter DR, Miyazawa BY, Lin M, Vivona LR, Khakoo MA, Antebi B, Lee A, Ishler B, Dickerson M, Kozar R, Schreiber MA, Holcomb JB, Fitzpatrick GM, Pati S. Freeze-dried platelets promote clot formation, attenuate endothelial cell permeability, and decrease pulmonary vascular leak in a murine model of hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 90:203-214. [PMID: 33060537 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic shock (HS) and trauma induce endothelial barrier compromise, inflammation, and aberrant clotting. We have shown that fresh human platelets (Plts) and Plt extracellular vesicles mitigate vascular leak in murine models of injury. Here, we investigate the potential of freeze-dried platelets (FDPlts) to attenuate pulmonary vascular permeability, decrease inflammation, and promote clotting in a murine model of HS. METHODS Human FDPlts were characterized using in vitro assays of Plt marker expression, aggregation, coagulation, and endothelial cell permeability. An intravital model of vascular injury in the mouse cremaster muscle was used to assess the ability of FDPlts to incorporate into clots. Mouse groups subjected to controlled hemorrhage for 90 minutes were (1) lactated Ringer solution (LR), (2) FDPlts, (3) fresh human Plts, (4) murine whole blood (WB), and (5) shams (only instrumented). Hemorrhagic shock mouse endpoints included coagulation, pulmonary vascular permeability, and lung injury. RESULTS Freeze-dried Plts expressed Plt-specific markers and retained functionality similar to fresh Plts. In in vitro assays of Plt aggregation, differences were noted. In vivo, FDPlts and Plts were found to incorporate into clots in postcapillary venules in the mouse cremaster muscle. Hemorrhagic shock mice resuscitated with LR displayed increased pulmonary vascular permeability compared with sham (sham, 686.6 ± 359.7; shock-LR, 2,637 ± 954.7; p = 0.001), and treatment with FDPlts or WB attenuated permeability compared with shock: shock-FDPlts, 1,328 ± 462.6 (p = 0.05), and shock-WB, 1,024 ± 370.5 (p = 0.0108). However, human Plts (Days 1-3) did not attenuate vascular leak in HS mice compared with shock-LR (shock-Plts, 3,601 ± 1,581; p = 0.33). CONCLUSION FDPlts contribute to clot formation similar to fresh human Plts. FDPlts also attenuated vascular permeability in vitro and in vivo. Mouse WB resuscitation but not fresh human Plts attenuated vascular permeability after HS. These data suggest that the effect of FDPlts may be a suitable alternative to fresh Plts in modulating hemostasis and the endotheliopathy associated with injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Trivedi
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.T., D.R.P., B.Y.M., M.L., L.R.V., M.A.K., S.P.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Cellphire (B.A., A.L., B.I., M.D., G.M.F.), Rockville; Shock Trauma Center (R.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery (M.A.S.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and Division of Acute Care Surgery (J.B.H.), University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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43
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Jamshidi E, Babajani A, Soltani P, Niknejad H. Proposed Mechanisms of Targeting COVID-19 by Delivering Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exosomes to Damaged Organs. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:176-192. [PMID: 33432484 PMCID: PMC7799400 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the world has been facing an unprecedented challenge. Considering the lack of appropriate therapy for COVID-19, it is crucial to develop effective treatments instead of supportive approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as multipotent stromal cells have been shown to possess treating potency through inhibiting or modulating the pathological events in COVID-19. MSCs and their exosomes participate in immunomodulation by controlling cell-mediated immunity and cytokine release. Furthermore, they repair the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) malfunction, increase alveolar fluid clearance, and reduce the chance of hypercoagulation. Besides the lung, which is the primary target of SARS-CoV-2, the heart, kidney, nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract are also affected by COVID-19. Thus, the efficacy of targeting these organs via different delivery routes of MSCs and their exosomes should be evaluated to ensure safe and effective MSCs administration in COVID-19. This review focuses on the proposed therapeutic mechanisms and delivery routes of MSCs and their exosomes to the damaged organs. It also discusses the possible application of primed and genetically modified MSCs as a promising drug delivery system in COVID-19. Moreover, the recent advances in the clinical trials of MSCs and MSCs-derived exosomes as one of the promising therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Soltani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Human mesenchymal stromal cell source and culture conditions influence extracellular vesicle angiogenic and metabolic effects on human endothelial cells in vitro. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 89:S100-S108. [PMID: 32176171 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a possible cell-free alternative to MSCs because they retain the regenerative potential of MSCs, while still mitigating some of their limitations (such as the possible elicitation of host immune responses). The promotion and restoration of angiogenesis, however, is an important component in treating trauma-related injuries, and has not been fully explored with EVs. Herein, we describe the effects of monolayer adipose-derived EVs, spheroid adipose-derived EVs (SAd-EVs), monolayer bone marrow-derived EVs (MBM-EVs), and spheroid bone marrow-derived EVs (SBM-EVs) on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation and mitochondrial respiration. METHODS The successful isolation of EVs derived from adipose MSCs or bone marrow MSCs in monolayer or spheroid cultures was confirmed by NanoSight (particle size distribution) and Western blot (surface marker expression). The EV angiogenic potential was measured using a 24-hour HUVEC tube formation assay. The EV effects on HUVEC mitochondrial function were evaluated using the Seahorse respirometer machine. RESULTS The number of junctions, branches, and the average length of branches formed at 24 hours of tube formation were significantly affected by cell and culture type; overall adipose-derived EVs outperformed bone marrow-derived EVs, and spheroid-derived EVs outperformed monolayer-derived EVs. Additionally, adipose-derived EVs resulted in significantly increased HUVEC mitochondrial maximal respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, while only MBM-EVs negatively impacted HUVEC proton leak. CONCLUSION Adipose-derived EVs promoted HUVEC tube formation significantly more than bone marrow-derived EVs, while also maximizing HUVEC mitochondria function. Results demonstrate that, as with MSC therapies, it is possible to tailor EV culture and production to optimize therapeutic potential. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Basic or Foundational Research.
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Abstract
Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in both military and civilian populations. Given the complexity and diversity of traumatic injuries, novel and individualized treatment strategies are required to optimize outcomes. Cellular therapies have potential benefit for the treatment of acute or chronic injuries, and various cell-based pharmaceuticals are currently being tested in preclinical studies or in clinical trials. Cellular therapeutics may have the ability to complement existing therapies, especially in restoring organ function lost due to tissue disruption, prolonged hypoxia or inflammatory damage. In this article we highlight the current status and discuss future directions of cellular therapies for the treatment of traumatic injury. Both published research and ongoing clinical trials are discussed here.
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Chatterjee V, Yang X, Ma Y, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Extracellular vesicles: new players in regulating vascular barrier function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1181-H1196. [PMID: 33035434 PMCID: PMC7792704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00579.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted rising interests in the cardiovascular field not only because they serve as serological markers for circulatory disorders but also because they participate in important physiological responses to stress and inflammation. In the circulation, these membranous vesicles are mainly derived from blood or vascular cells, and they carry cargos with distinct molecular signatures reflecting the origin and activation state of parent cells that produce them, thus providing a powerful tool for diagnosis and prognosis of pathological conditions. Functionally, circulating EVs mediate tissue-tissue communication by transporting bioactive cargos to local and distant sites, where they directly interact with target cells to alter their function. Recent evidence points to the critical contributions of EVs to the pathogenesis of vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction during inflammatory response to injury or infection. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the current knowledge on EV biology and advanced techniques in EV isolation and characterization. This is followed by a discussion focusing on the role and mechanisms of EVs in regulating blood-endothelium interactions and vascular permeability during inflammation. We conclude with a translational perspective on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in vascular injury or infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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Wang J, Xia J, Huang R, Hu Y, Fan J, Shu Q, Xu J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alter disease outcomes via endorsement of macrophage polarization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:424. [PMID: 32993783 PMCID: PMC7522905 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stromal cells that reside in virtually all postnatal tissues. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities, MSCs have attracted growing attention during the past two decades. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are able to duplicate the effects of their parental cells by transferring functional proteins and genetic materials to recipient cells without cell-to-cell contact. MSC-EVs also target macrophages, which play an essential role in innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-EVs reduce M1 polarization and/or promote M2 polarization in a variety of settings. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of macrophage polarization and roles of MSC-EV-induced macrophage polarization in the outcomes of cardiovascular, pulmonary, digestive, renal, and central nervous system diseases. In conclusion, MSC-EVs may become a viable alternative to MSCs for the treatment of diseases in which inflammation and immunity play a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmei Wang
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Jie Xia
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Ruoqiong Huang
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Yaoqin Hu
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 Zhejiang China
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van Leeuwen ALI, Naumann DN, Dekker NAM, Hordijk PL, Hutchings SD, Boer C, van den Brom CE. In vitro endothelial hyperpermeability occurs early following traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 75:121-133. [PMID: 31929146 PMCID: PMC7504990 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial hyperpermeability is suggested to play a role in the development of microcirculatory perfusion disturbances and organ failure following hemorrhagic shock, but evidence is limited. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of plasma from traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients on in vitro endothelial barrier function. METHODS Plasma from traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients was obtained at the emergency department (ED), the intensive care unit (ICU), 24 h after ICU admission and from controls (n = 8). Sublingual microcirculatory perfusion was measured using incident dark field videomicroscopy at matching time points. Using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, the effects of plasma exposure on in vitro endothelial barrier function of human endothelial cells were assessed. RESULTS Plasma from traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients collected at ED admission induced a 19% loss of in vitro endothelial resistance compared to plasma from controls (p < 0.001). This loss was due to reduced cell-cell contacts (p < 0.01). Plasma withdrawn at later time points did not affect endothelial barrier function (p > 0.99). Interestingly, in vitro endothelial resistance showed a positive association with in vivo microcirculatory perfusion (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Plasma from traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients obtained following ED admission, but not at later stages, induced in vitro endothelial hyperpermeability. This coincided with in vivo microcirculatory perfusion disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoek L I van Leeuwen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Experimental Laboratory for VItal Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for VItal Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David N Naumann
- Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Academic Department of Military Anesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Centre for Defense Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicole A M Dekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Experimental Laboratory for VItal Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for VItal Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for VItal Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sam D Hutchings
- Academic Department of Military Anesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Centre for Defense Medicine, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Critical Care, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christa Boer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Experimental Laboratory for VItal Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charissa E van den Brom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Experimental Laboratory for VItal Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for VItal Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Monroe MN, Zhaorigetu S, Gupta VS, Jin D, Givan KD, Curylo AL, Olson SD, Cox CS, Segura A, Buja LM, Grande-Allen KJ, Harting MT. Extracellular vesicles influence the pulmonary arterial extracellular matrix in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:2402-2411. [PMID: 32568428 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal pulmonary vasculature directly affects the development and progression of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH). Though overarching structural and cellular changes in CDH-affected pulmonary arteries have been documented, the precise role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the pulmonary artery (PA) pathophysiology remains undefined. Here, we quantify the structural, compositional, and mechanical CDH-induced changes in the main and distal PA ECM and investigate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) as a therapy to ameliorate pathological vascular ECM changes. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rodents were administered nitrofen to induce CDH-affected pulmonary vasculature in the offspring. A portion of CDH-affected pups was treated with intravenous infusion of MSC-EVs (1 × 1010 /mL) upon birth. A suite of histological, mechanical, and transmission electron microscopic analyses were utilized to characterize the PA ECM. RESULTS The CDH model main PA presented significantly altered characteristics-including greater vessel thickness, greater lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression, and a relatively lower ultimate tensile strength of 13.6 MPa compared to control tissue (25.1 MPa), suggesting that CDH incurs ECM structural disorganization. MSC-EV treatment demonstrated the potential to reverse CDH-related changes, particularly through rapid inhibition of ECM remodeling enzymes (LOX and MMP-9). Additionally, MSC-EV treatment bolstered structural aspects of the PA ECM and mitigated pathological disorganization as exhibited by increased medial wall thickness and stiffness that, while not significantly altered, trends away from CDH-affected tissue. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate notable ECM remodeling in the CDH pulmonary vasculature, along with the capacity of MSC-EVs to attenuate pathological ECM remodeling, identifying MSC-EVs as a potentially efficacious therapeutic for CDH-associated pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siqin Zhaorigetu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Vikas S Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Katelyn D Givan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Ana Segura
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Matthew T Harting
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Mohan A, Agarwal S, Clauss M, Britt NS, Dhillon NK. Extracellular vesicles: novel communicators in lung diseases. Respir Res 2020; 21:175. [PMID: 32641036 PMCID: PMC7341477 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the organ with the highest vascular density in the human body. It is therefore perceivable that the endothelium of the lung contributes significantly to the circulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. In addition to the endothelium, EVs may arise from alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Because EVs harbor cargo molecules, such as miRNA, mRNA, and proteins, these intercellular communicators provide important insight into the health and disease condition of donor cells and may serve as useful biomarkers of lung disease processes. This comprehensive review focuses on what is currently known about the role of EVs as markers and mediators of lung pathologies including COPD, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, lung cancer and ALI/ARDS. We also explore the role EVs can potentially serve as therapeutics for these lung diseases when released from healthy progenitor cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Mohan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Matthias Clauss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nicholas S Britt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 3007, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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