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Grynberg K, Ozols E, Mulley WR, Davis RJ, Flavell RA, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Ma FY. JUN Amino-Terminal Kinase 1 Signaling in the Proximal Tubule Causes Cell Death and Acute Renal Failure in Rat and Mouse Models of Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:817-828. [PMID: 33607044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the JUN amino-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is prominent in most forms of acute and progressive tubulointerstitial damage, including acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Two forms of JNK, JNK1 and JNK2, are expressed in the kidney. Systemic administration of pan-JNK inhibitors suppresses renal IRI; however, the contribution of JNK1 versus JNK2, and the specific role of JNK activation in the proximal tubule in IRI, remains unknown. These questions were addressed in rat and mouse models of acute bilateral renal IRI. Administration of the JNK inhibitor, CC-930, substantially reduced the severity of renal failure, tubular damage, and inflammation at 24 hours in a rat IRI model. Additionally, Jnk1-/- mice, but not Jnk2-/- mice, were shown to be significantly protected against acute renal failure, tubular damage, and inflammation in the IRI model. Furthermore, mice with conditional Jnk1 deletion in the proximal tubule also showed considerable protection from IRI-induced renal failure, tubular damage, and inflammation. Finally, primary cultures of Jnk1-/-, but not Jnk2-/-, tubular epithelial cells were protected from oxidant-induced cell death, in association with preventing phosphorylation of proteins (receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase) in the necroptosis pathway. In conclusion, JNK1, but not JNK2, plays a specific role in IRI-induced cell death in the proximal tubule, leading to acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Grynberg
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elyce Ozols
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R Mulley
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger J Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Frank Y Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Tan J, Gao W, Yang W, Zeng X, Wang L, Cui X. Isoform-specific functions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and 2 in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury through the c-Jun/activator protein-1 pathway. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:e143-e156. [PMID: 32414595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and JNK2 regulate distinct pathological processes in lung diseases. Here we discriminated the respective roles of these kinases in lung transplantation-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS Rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were transfected with JNK1 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and JNK2 siRNA and then subjected to in vitro IRI. For the isoform confirmed to aggravate IRI, the delivery of short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid was performed by intratracheal administration 48 hours before transplantation into donor rats. After a 3-hour reperfusion, the samples were collected. RESULTS JNK1 siRNA decreased but JNK2 siRNA increased JNK phosphorylation and activity, phosphorylated and total c-Jun, and activator protein-1 activity. Although JNK1 siRNA decreased apoptosis and the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), it increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, S-phase percentage, and cyclin D1; JNK2 siRNA had a converse effect. JNK1 siRNA decreased the level of lactate dehydrogenase and increased the levels of VE-cadherin, nitric oxide, phosphorylated nitric oxide synthase, and cell viability; JNK2 si RNA had a converse effect. Compared with the control group, the JNK1 shRNA group exhibited a higher lung oxygenation index and lower lung apoptosis index, injury score, wet weight:dry weight ratio, and levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS JNK1 aggravated, but JNK2 alleviated, IRI through differential regulation of the JNK1 pathway in in vitro ischemia-reperfusion. JNK1 silence attenuated lung graft dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. These findings provide a theoretical basis for devising therapeutic strategies against IRI after lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanchao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianzhang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China.
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NKT cells are important mediators of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transpl Immunol 2017; 45:15-21. [PMID: 28797737 PMCID: PMC5694034 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction IRI results from the interruption then reinstatement of an organ's blood supply, and this poses a significant problem in liver transplantation and resectional surgery. In this paper, we explore the role T cells play in the pathogenesis of this injury. Materials & methods We used an in vivo murine model of warm partial hepatic IRI, genetically-modified mice, in vivo antibody depletion, adoptive cell transfer and flow cytometry to determine which lymphocyte subsets contribute to pathology. Injury was assessed by measuring serum alanine aminotransfersase (ALT) and by histological examination of liver tissue sections. Results The absence of T cells (CD3εKO) is associated with significant protection from injury (p = 0.010). Through a strategy of antibody depletion it appears that NKT cells (p = 0.0025), rather than conventional T (CD4 + or CD8 +) (p = 0.11) cells that are the key mediators of injury. Discussion Our results indicate that tissue-resident NKT cells, but not other lymphocyte populations are responsible for the injury in hepatic IRI. Targeting the activation of NKT cells and/or their effector apparatus would be a novel approach in protecting the liver during transplantation and resection surgery; this may allow us to expand our current criteria for surgery. Hepatic IRI worsens outcome in liver transplantation. T cells are important in hepatic IRI. These are tissue-resident rather than recruited T cells. NKT, but not conventional T or NK cells, are key mediators of hepatic IRI. Targeting NKT activation or their effector apparatus may offer therapeutic potential.
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Blaser H, Dostert C, Mak TW, Brenner D. TNF and ROS Crosstalk in Inflammation. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:249-261. [PMID: 26791157 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is tremendously important for mammalian immunity and cellular homeostasis. The role of TNF as a master regulator in balancing cell survival, apoptosis and necroptosis has been extensively studied in various cell types and tissues. Although these findings have revealed much about the direct impact of TNF on the regulation of NF-κB and JNK, there is now rising interest in understanding the emerging function of TNF as a regulator of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In this review we summarize work aimed at defining the role of TNF in the control of ROS/RNS signaling that influences innate immune cells under both physiological and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Blaser
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Dostert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Takatsuki M, Soyama A, Hidaka M, Kinoshita A, Adachi T, Kitasato A, Kuroki T, Eguchi S. Prospective study of the safety and efficacy of intermittent inflow occlusion (Pringle maneuver) in living donor left hepatectomy. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:856-62. [PMID: 25220784 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM The impact of intermittent inflow occlusion (Pringle maneuver) in living donor hepatectomy on the outcome of both the donor and the recipient is unknown. The aim of this study is to elucidate the safety and efficacy of Pringle maneuver in living donor hepatectomy. METHODS Twenty consecutive cases of living donors who underwent left hepatectomy were prospectively divided into two groups, with (Group A, n = 10) or without (Group B, n = 10) the Pringle maneuver during hepatectomy. Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative liver functions in the donors and recipient outcome were reviewed. RESULTS Median blood loss was significantly less in group A than in group B. Median alanine aminotransferase was significantly higher on postoperative day 1 in group A than in group B, but the difference was not significant at 7 days after surgery. Eight of 10 recipients in each group survived with good graft function with a median follow-up period of 20 months in group A and 19 months in group B. CONCLUSION The Pringle maneuver was safely applied in living donor hepatectomy, but the only benefit was the reduction of blood loss during the donor surgery, and no positive impact on the recipient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Soyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kinoshita
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Amane Kitasato
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kuroki
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Liu Q, Rehman H, Krishnasamy Y, Schnellmann RG, Lemasters JJ, Zhong Z. Improvement of liver injury and survival by JNK2 and iNOS deficiency in liver transplants from cardiac death mice. J Hepatol 2015; 63:68-74. [PMID: 25703084 PMCID: PMC4475508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inclusion of liver grafts from cardiac death donors (CDD) would increase the availability of donor livers but is hampered by a higher risk of primary non-function. Here, we seek to determine mechanisms that contribute to primary non-function of liver grafts from CDD with the goal to develop strategies for improved function and outcome, focusing on c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and mitochondrial depolarization, two known mediators of graft failure. METHODS Livers explanted from wild-type, inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS(-/-)), JNK1(-/-) or JNK2(-/-) mice after 45-min aorta clamping were implanted into wild-type recipients. Mitochondrial depolarization was detected by intravital confocal microscopy in living recipients. RESULTS After transplantation of wild-type CDD livers, graft iNOS expression and 3-nitrotyrosine adducts increased, but hepatic endothelial NOS expression was unchanged. Graft injury and dysfunction were substantially higher in CDD grafts than in non-CDD grafts. iNOS deficiency and inhibition attenuated injury and improved function and survival of CDD grafts. JNK1/2 and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 activation increased markedly in wild-type CDD grafts, which was blunted by iNOS deficiency. JNK inhibition and JNK2 deficiency, but not JNK1 deficiency, decreased injury and improved function and survival of CDD grafts. Mitochondrial depolarization and binding of phospho-JNK2 to Sab, a mitochondrial protein linked to the mitochondrial permeability transition, were higher in CDD than in non-CDD grafts. iNOS deficiency, JNK inhibition and JNK2 deficiency all decreased mitochondrial depolarization and blunted ATP depletion in CDD grafts. JNK inhibition and deficiency did not decrease 3-nitrotyrosine adducts in CDD grafts. CONCLUSION The iNOS-JNK2-Sab pathway promotes CDD graft failure via increased mitochondrial depolarization, and is an attractive target to improve liver function and survival in CDD liver transplantation recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Liu
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Yasodha Krishnasamy
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - John J Lemasters
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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Guo Q, Du X, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Yue L, Wang Z. Ischemic postconditioning prevents renal ischemia reperfusion injury through the induction of heat shock proteins in rats. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2875-81. [PMID: 25322861 PMCID: PMC4227421 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (IPo) attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IRI) in various organs, of both animals and humans. This study tested the hypothesis that IPo attenuates renal IRI through the upregulation of heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP27 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, also known as HSP 32) expression. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for up to 48 h. One group of rats received IPo prior to restoring full perfusion. Another group was administered 100 mg/kg HSP inhibitor quercetin, injected intraperitoneally 1 h prior to ischemia. Control rats received sham operations. Renal IR resulted in severe morphological and pathological changes, with increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. IR resulted in increased inflammation by inducing plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and renal nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells expression. IR also increased lipid peroxidation, as indicated by elevated malondialdehyde content, reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased renal apoptosis. Renal HSP70, HSP27 and HO-1 mRNA and protein levels were increased by IR and further elevated by IPo. IPo attenuated these changes observed in pathology, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and inflammation. Quercetin treatment abolished all the protective effects of IPo. In conclusion, this study showed that IPo can attenuate lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and inflammation as well as renal IRI by upregulating the expression of HSP70, HSP27 and HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongmei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xuefang Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xingtai Eye Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxian Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Shen J, Xiong X, Xu Y, Zhang H, Huang C, Tian Y, Jiao C, Wang X, Li X. Remote ischemic preconditioning protects against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury via heme oxygenase-1-induced autophagy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98834. [PMID: 24914543 PMCID: PMC4051645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has linked autophagy to a protective role of preconditioning in liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is essential in limiting inflammation and preventing the apoptotic response to IR. We previously demonstrated that HO-1 is up-regulated in liver graft after remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). The aim of this study was to confirm that RIPC protects against IR via HO-1-mediated autophagy. METHODS RIPC was performed with regional ischemia of limbs before liver ischemia, and HO-1 activity was inhibited pre-operation. Autophagy was assessed by the expression of light chain 3-II (LC3-II). The HO-1/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)/p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was detected in an autophagy model and mineral oil-induced IR in vitro. RESULTS In liver IR, the expression of LC3-II peaked 12-24 h after IR, and the ultrastructure revealed abundant autophagosomes in hepatocytes after IR. Autophagy was inhibited when HO-1 was inactivated, which we believe resulted in the aggravation of liver IR injury (IRI) in vivo. Hemin-induced autophagy also protected rat hepatocytes from IRI in vitro, which was abrogated by HO-1 siRNA. Phosphorylation of p38-MAPK and ERK1/2 was up-regulated in hemin-pretreated liver cells and down-regulated after treatment with HO-1 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS RIPC may protect the liver from IRI by induction of HO-1/p38-MAPK-dependent autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery 2, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), The Tumor Research Institute of the Southeast University (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuanxuan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology II, Xuzhou City Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University Medical School (Xuzhou), Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yonghua Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengyu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Bösch F, Thomas M, Kogler P, Oberhuber R, Sucher R, Aigner F, Semsroth S, Wiedemann D, Yamashita K, Troppmair J, Kotsch K, Pratschke J, Öllinger R. Bilirubin rinse of the graft ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury in heart transplantation. Transpl Int 2014; 27:504-13. [PMID: 24471451 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion contribute to substantial organ damage in transplantation. Clinically feasible measures for the prevention thereof are scarce. We tested whether rinsing rodent hearts with the antioxidant bilirubin ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDevP), rate per pressure product (RPP), coronary flow, maximum (+dP/dt) and minimum (-dP/dt) rate of contraction were analyzed in Lewis rat hearts rinsed with bilirubin prior to reperfusion on a Langendorff apparatus after 12 h of cold ischemia. In vivo, isogenic C57Bl/6 mouse hearts rinsed with bilirubin were transplanted after 12 h of cold ischemia. Cardiac function and apoptosis were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. Heart lysates recovered 15 min after reperfusion were probed for the total and the phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-related protein kinases (ERK), JNK, p38-MAPK, and Akt. In isolated perfused hearts, bilirubin rinse resulted in significantly lower LVEDP and improved LVDevP, RPP, coronary flow, +dP/dt and -dP/dt. In vivo, after reperfusion, all mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were suppressed significantly by bilirubin pretreatment. Bilirubin rinse improved cardiac scores (3.4 ± 0.5 vs. 2.0 ± 1.0 in controls, P < 0.05) and significantly suppressed apoptosis. Ex vivo administration of bilirubin to heart grafts prior reperfusion ameliorates IRI and provides a simple and effective tool to ameliorate outcome in heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bösch
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kumamoto R, Uto H, Oda K, Ibusuki R, Tanoue S, Arima S, Mawatari S, Kumagai K, Numata M, Tamai T, Moriuchi A, Fujita H, Oketani M, Ido A, Tsubouchi H. Dietary fructose enhances the incidence of precancerous hepatocytes induced by administration of diethylnitrosamine in rat. Eur J Med Res 2013; 18:54. [PMID: 24321741 PMCID: PMC4029300 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-18-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the association between a high-fructose diet and HCC is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether a high-fructose diet affects hepatocarcinogenesis induced by administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Methods Seven-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed standard chow (controls), a high-fat diet (54% fat), or a high-fructose diet (66% fructose) for 8 weeks. All rats were given DEN at 50 μg/L in drinking water during the same period. Precancerous hepatocytes were detected by immunostaining of the placental form of glutathione-S-transferase (GST-P). The number of GST-P-positive hepatocytes was assessed in liver specimens. Results Serum levels of total cholesterol were similar among the three groups, but serum triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were higher in the high-fructose group compared to the high-fat group. In contrast, hepatic steatosis was more severe in the high-fat group compared with the high-fructose and control groups, but the incidence of GST-P-positive specimens was significantly higher in the high-fructose group compared to the other two groups. The average number of GST-P-positive hepatocytes in GST-P positive specimens in the high-fructose group was also higher than those in the other two groups. This high prevalence of GST-P-positive hepatocytes was accompanied by higher levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in serum and liver tissue. Conclusions These results indicate that dietary fructose, rather than dietary fat, increases the incidence of precancerous hepatocytes induced by administration of DEN via insulin resistance and oxidative stress in rat. Thus, excessive fructose intake may be a potential risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirofumi Uto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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11
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Ben-Ari Z, Issan Y, Katz Y, Sultan M, Safran M, Michal LS, Nader GA, Kornowski R, Grief F, Pappo O, Hochhauser E. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects mouse liver from apoptotic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2013; 18:547-55. [PMID: 23435964 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of primary graft dysfunction of liver allografts. Cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP)-dependent induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 has been shown to protect the liver from I/R injury. This study analyzes the apoptotic mechanisms of HO-1-mediated cytoprotection in mouse liver exposed to I/R injury. HO-1 induction was achieved by the administration of CoPP (1.5 mg/kg body weight i.p.). Mice were studied in in vivo model of hepatic segmental (70 %) ischemia for 60 min and reperfusion injury. Mice were randomly allocated to four main experimental groups (n = 10 each): (1) A control group undergoing sham operation. (2) Similar to group 1 but with the administration of CoPP 72 h before the operation. (3) Mice undergoing in vivo hepatic I/R. (4) Similar to group 3 but with the administration of CoPP 72 h before ischemia induction. When compared with the I/R mice group, in the I/R+CoPP mice group, the increased hepatic expression of HO-1 was associated with a significant reduction in liver enzyme levels, fewer apoptotic hepatocytes cells were identified by morphological criteria and by immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, there was a decreased mean number of proliferating cells (positively stained for Ki67), and a reduced hepatic expression of: C/EBP homologous protein (an index of endoplasmic reticulum stress), the NF-κB's regulated genes (CIAP2, MCP-1 and IL-6), and increased hepatic expression of IκBa (the inhibitory protein of NF-κB). HO-1 over-expression plays a pivotal role in reducing the hepatic apoptotic IR injury. HO-1 may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in hepatic I/R injury during liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ben-Ari
- Liver Disease Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52620, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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ARIMA SHIHO, UTO HIROFUMI, IBUSUKI RIE, KUMAMOTO RYO, TANOUE SHIROU, MAWATARI SEIICHI, ODA KOHEI, NUMATA MASATSUGU, FUJITA HIROSHI, OKETANI MAKOTO, IDO AKIO, TSUBOUCHI HIROHITO. Hypertension exacerbates liver injury and hepatic fibrosis induced by a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet in rats. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:68-76. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Edmunds MC, Czopek A, Wigmore SJ, Kluth DC. Paradoxical effects of heme arginate on survival of myocutaneous flaps. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 306:R10-22. [PMID: 24089372 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes to partial flap and solid organ transplant failure. Heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an inducible, cytoprotective enzyme which protects against IRI in solid organ transplant models. Heme arginate (HA), a HO-1 inducer, is a promising, translatable, preconditioning agent. This study investigated the effects of preconditioning with HA on the clinical outcome of a myocutaneous IRI model. Forty male Lewis rats were randomized to intravenously receive 1) Control-NaCl, 2) HA, 3) HA and tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), a HO-1 inhibitor; and 4) SnMP alone. Twenty-four hours later, an in situ transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap was performed under isoflurane anesthesia. Viability of flaps was measured clinically and by laser-Doppler perfusion scanning. In vitro work on human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) assessed the effects of HA, SnMP, and the iron chelator desferrioxamine on 1) cytotoxicity, 2) intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, and 3) ROS-mediated DNA damage. In contrast to our hypothesis, HA preconditioning produced over 30% more flap necrosis at 48 h compared with controls (P = 0.02). HA-containing treatments produced significantly worse flap perfusion at all postoperative time points. In vitro work showed that HA is cytotoxic to keratinocytes. This cytotoxicity was independent of HO-1 and was mediated by the generation of ROS by free heme. In contrast to solid organ data, pharmacological preconditioning with HA significantly worsened clinical outcome, thus indicating that this is not a viable approach in free flap research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Edmunds
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
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Devey LR, Richards JA, O'Connor RA, Borthwick G, Clay S, Howie AF, Wigmore SJ, Anderton SM, Howie SEM. Ischemic preconditioning in the liver is independent of regulatory T cell activity. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185394 PMCID: PMC3504160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects organs from ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) through unknown mechanisms. Effector T cell populations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IRI, and T regulatory cells (Treg) have become a putative therapeutic target, with suggested involvement in IPC. We explored the role of Treg in hepatic IRI and IPC in detail. IPC significantly reduced injury following ischemia reperfusion insults. Treg were mobilized rapidly to the circulation and liver after IRI, but IPC did not further increase Treg numbers, nor was it associated with modulation of circulating pro-inflammatory chemokine or cytokine profiles. We used two techniques to deplete Treg from mice prior to IRI. Neither Treg depleted FoxP3.LuciDTR mice, nor wildtyoe mice depleted of Tregs with PC61, were more susceptible to IRI compared with controls. Despite successful enrichment of Treg in the liver, by adoptive transfer of both iTreg and nTreg or by in vivo expansion of Treg with IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes, no protection against IRI was observed.We have explored the role of Treg in IRI and IPC using a variety of techniques to deplete and enrich them within both the liver and systemically. This work represents an important negative finding that Treg are not implicated in IPC and are unlikely to have translational potential in hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Devey
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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15
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Amir M, Liu K, Zhao E, Czaja MJ. Distinct functions of JNK and c-Jun in oxidant-induced hepatocyte death. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:3254-65. [PMID: 22644775 PMCID: PMC3636504 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Overactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling is a central mechanism of hepatocyte injury and death including that from oxidative stress. However, the functions of JNK and c-Jun are still unclear, and this pathway also inhibits hepatocyte death. Previous studies of menadione-induced oxidant stress demonstrated that toxicity resulted from sustained JNK/c-Jun activation as death was blocked by the c-Jun dominant negative TAM67. To further delineate the function of JNK/c-Jun signaling in hepatocyte injury from oxidant stress, the effects of direct JNK inhibition on menadione-induced death were examined. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of TAM67, pharmacological JNK inhibition by SP600125 sensitized the rat hepatocyte cell line RALA255-10G to death from menadione. SP600125 similarly sensitized mouse primary hepatocytes to menadione toxicity. Death from SP600125/menadione was c-Jun dependent as it was blocked by TAM67, but independent of c-Jun phosphorylation. Death occurred by apoptosis and necrosis and activation of the mitochondrial death pathway. Short hairpin RNA knockdowns of total JNK or JNK2 sensitized to death from menadione, whereas a jnk1 knockdown was protective. Jnk2 null mouse primary hepatocytes were also sensitized to menadione death. JNK inhibition magnified decreases in cellular ATP content and β-oxidation induced by menadione. This effect mediated cell death as chemical inhibition of β-oxidation also sensitized cells to death from menadione, and supplementation with the β-oxidation substrate oleate blocked death. Components of the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway have opposing functions in hepatocyte oxidant stress with JNK2 mediating resistance to cell death and c-Jun promoting death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir
- Department of Medicine and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Medicine and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Enpeng Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Mark J. Czaja
- Department of Medicine and Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M. A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:307-20. [PMID: 22705006 PMCID: PMC3523093 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase family member that is activated by diverse stimuli, including cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), pathogens, toxins, drugs, endoplasmic reticulum stress, free fatty acids, and metabolic changes. Upon activation, JNK induces multiple biologic events through the transcription factor activator protein-1 and transcription-independent control of effector molecules. JNK isozymes regulate cell death and survival, differentiation, proliferation, ROS accumulation, metabolism, insulin signaling, and carcinogenesis in the liver. The biologic functions of JNK are isoform, cell type, and context dependent. Recent studies using genetically engineered mice showed that loss or hyperactivation of the JNK pathway contributes to the development of inflammation, fibrosis, cancer growth, and metabolic diseases that include obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. We review the functions and pathways of JNK in liver physiology and pathology and discuss findings from preclinical studies with JNK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Zeng Z, Huang HF, He F, Wu LX, Lin J, Chen MQ. Diazoxide attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 after liver transplantation in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1765-72. [PMID: 22553400 PMCID: PMC3332289 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i15.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effects of diazoxide on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured hepatocytes and further elucidate its underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized (8 for donor and recipient per group) into five groups: I/R group (4 h of liver cold ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion); heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) group (injection of siRNA via donor portal vein 48 h prior to harvest); diazoxide (DZ) group (injection of DZ via donor portal vein 10 min prior to harvest); HO-1 siRNA + DZ group; and siRNA control group. Blood and liver samples were collected at 6 h after reperfusion. The mRNA expressions and protein levels of HO-1 were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, and tissue morphology was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Serum transaminases level and cytokines concentration were also measured.
RESULTS: We observed that a significant reduction of HO-1 mRNA and protein levels in HO-1 siRNA and HO-1 siRNA + DZ group when compared with I/R group, while the increases were prominent in the DZ group. Light and transmission electron microscopy indicated severe disruption of tissue with lobular distortion and mitochondrial cristae damage in the HO-1 siRNA and HO-1 siRNA + DZ groups compared with DZ group. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels increased in the HO-1 siRNA and HO-1 siRNA + DZ groups, and decreased in the DZ group.
CONCLUSION: The protective effect of DZ may be induced by upregulation of HO-1. By inhibiting expression of HO-1, this protection pretreated with DZ was abolished.
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Barikbin R, Neureiter D, Wirth J, Erhardt A, Schwinge D, Kluwe J, Schramm C, Tiegs G, Sass G. Induction of heme oxygenase 1 prevents progression of liver fibrosis in Mdr2 knockout mice. Hepatology 2012; 55:553-62. [PMID: 21953613 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Induction or overexpression of the heme-degrading enzyme, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), has been shown to protect mice from liver damage induced by acute inflammation. We have investigated the effects of HO-1 induction in a mouse model of chronic liver inflammation and fibrogenesis with progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Mdr2ko; FVB.129P2-Abcb4(tm1Bor)). HO-1 was induced in vivo by treatment with cobalt protoporphyrin IX, starting at week 5 or 12 of mice lifespan, and continued for 7 weeks. Our results showed that HO-1 induction reduced liver damage and chronic inflammation by regulating immune cell infiltration or proliferation as well as tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling. Fibrosis progression was significantly reduced by HO-1 induction in mice with mild, as well as established, portal and lobular fibrosis. HO-1 induction significantly suppressed hepatic stellate cell activation. During established fibrosis, HO-1 induction was able to revert portal inflammation and fibrosis below levels observed at the start of treatment. Moreover, hepatocellular proliferation and signs of dysplasia were decreased after HO-1 induction. CONCLUSION Induction of HO-1 interferes with chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis and, in consequence, might delay progression to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Barikbin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Zeng Z, Huang HF, Chen MQ, Song F, Zhang YJ. Contributions of heme oxygenase-1 in postconditioning-protected ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2012; 43:2517-23. [PMID: 21911116 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an oxidative stress-response gene up-regulated by various physiological and exogenous stimuli, has cytoprotective activities. Ischemic postconditioning (Postcon) can protect an organ from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the present study, we investigated the potential contributions of HO-1 to Postcon-dependent protection against I/R injury in rat liver transplantation models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group with laparotomy for liver exposure; I/R group with 24-hour cold ischemia of the donor liver; Postcon group with the same treatment as the I/R group plus ischemic Postcon; and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP HO-1 inhibitor) + Postcon group treated the same as the Postcon cohort with donors pretreated using ZnPP 24 hours before the I/R injury. We measured liver tissue and peripheral blood samples collected at 6 hours after reperfusion and serum transaminase levels, histopathology, liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and HO-1 expression in the liver. RESULTS Postcon significantly diminished the elevation of serum transaminases levels after I/R injury when compared with I/R and ZnPP+Postcon groups. Postcon treated rats showed significantly lower MDA production and higher SOD activity. HO-1 was induced in rat livers exposed to Postcon; its levels were obviously overexpressed after 6 hours in Postcon rats. Inhibiting the expression of HO-1, negated the protective effects of Postcon. CONCLUSIONS Induction of HO-1 in the Postcon condition played a protective role against hepatic I/R injury and enhanced the early antioxidative activity. The protective effects of Postcon were significantly associated with greater intrahepatic HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zeng
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, China.
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Liu Y, Sun XJ, Liu J, Kang ZM, Deng XM. Heme oxygenase-1 could mediate the protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:675-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Protective effects of SP600125 on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res 2011; 169:e77-84. [PMID: 21492872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) has a negative effect on renal allograft survival. Using a rat model of kidney IRI in this study, we investigated the overall effect of selective c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 on renal IRI events. METHODS All 45 Fisher rats were anesthetized and renal IRI model was established by 45 min clamp of bilateral renal pedicles and 24 h reperfusion. Vehicle solution or SP600125 solution was intraperitoneally injected 45 min before ischemia, respectively. Analysis of renal histology, function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression, JNK phosphorylation status, as well as intra-renal pro-inflammatory cytokines expression was evaluated in this study. RESULTS After IRI, the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, tissue malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were all elevated significantly, while superoxide dismutase, catalase activity were decreased. Histologic findings showed severe devastating lesions and increased rodent cell apoptosis; SP600125 effectively improved morphologic features, reversed above-mentioned parameters, and significantly attenuated c-Jun phosphorylation, as well as intra-renal pro-inflammatory cytokines expression compared with vehicle-treated group. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that inhibition of c-Jun with SP600125 is capable of attenuating renal IRI, which might be a novel therapy target.
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Wink DA, Hines HB, Cheng RYS, Switzer CH, Flores-Santana W, Vitek MP, Ridnour LA, Colton CA. Nitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 89:873-91. [PMID: 21233414 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1010550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of redox molecules, such as NO and ROS, as key mediators of immunity has recently garnered renewed interest and appreciation. To regulate immune responses, these species trigger the eradication of pathogens on the one hand and modulate immunosuppression during tissue-restoration and wound-healing processes on the other. In the acidic environment of the phagosome, a variety of RNS and ROS is produced, thereby providing a cauldron of redox chemistry, which is the first line in fighting infection. Interestingly, fluctuations in the levels of these same reactive intermediates orchestrate other phases of the immune response. NO activates specific signal transduction pathways in tumor cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. As ROS can react directly with NO-forming RNS, NO bioavailability and therefore, NO response(s) are changed. The NO/ROS balance is also important during Th1 to Th2 transition. In this review, we discuss the chemistry of NO and ROS in the context of antipathogen activity and immune regulation and also discuss similarities and differences between murine and human production of these intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Senggunprai L, Kukongviriyapan V, Prawan A, Kukongviriyapan U. Consumption of Syzygium gratum promotes the antioxidant defense system in mice. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:403-409. [PMID: 21104319 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several vegetables have been shown to possess cytoprotective and antioxidant effects with various mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant effects and mechanism underlying of Syzygium gratum, a dietary and herbal plant commonly found in the Southeast Asia. Additionally, its effects on the induction of endogenous antioxidant defensive system were also investigated. Results showed that the leaf extract possessed an exceptionally strong antioxidant and intracellular oxygen radical scavenging activity in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The plant aqueous extract was further studied in C57BL/6J mice to evaluate its effects in vivo. The extract was well tolerated by the animals throughout the 30 days of study. The cytoprotective enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO-1) activity was significantly increased in the high dose-treated animals (1 g/kg/day). Consistent with the enzymatic activity, the expression of HO-1 mRNA tended to increase in those mice. There was no significant increase in hepatic γ-glutamylcysteine ligase (γ-GCL) activity, glutathione levels and GCL mRNA expression. Taken together, this study provides evidence that S. gratum exhibits potent direct antioxidant properties and can induce cytoprotective enzyme in vivo. Consumption of S. gratum may provide a health benefit against oxidative stress and other related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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