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Tanihara F, Hirata M, Nguyen NT, Sawamoto O, Kikuchi T, Doi M, Otoi T. Efficient generation of GGTA1-deficient pigs by electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into in vitro-fertilized zygotes. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32811500 PMCID: PMC7436961 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenoantigens are a major source of concern with regard to the success of interspecific xenografts. GGTA1 encodes α1,3-galactosyltransferase, which is essential for the biosynthesis of galactosyl-alpha 1,3-galactose, the major xenoantigen causing hyperacute rejection. GGTA1-modified pigs, therefore, are promising donors for pig-to-human xenotransplantation. In this study, we developed a method for the introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system into in vitro-fertilized porcine zygotes via electroporation to generate GGTA1-modified pigs. RESULTS We designed five guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting distinct sites in GGTA1. After the introduction of the Cas9 protein with each gRNA via electroporation, the gene editing efficiency in blastocysts developed from zygotes was evaluated. The gRNA with the highest gene editing efficiency was used to generate GGTA1-edited pigs. Six piglets were delivered from two recipient gilts after the transfer of electroporated zygotes with the Cas9/gRNA complex. Deep sequencing analysis revealed that five out of six piglets carried a biallelic mutation in the targeted region of GGTA1, with no off-target events. Furthermore, staining with isolectin B4 confirmed deficient GGTA1 function in GGTA1 biallelic mutant piglets. CONCLUSIONS We established GGTA1-modified pigs with high efficiency by introducing a CRISPR/Cas9 system into zygotes via electroporation. Multiple gene modifications, including knock-ins of human genes, in porcine zygotes via electroporation may further improve the application of the technique in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Tanihara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Maki Hirata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan.
| | - Nhien Thi Nguyen
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
| | - Osamu Sawamoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Masako Doi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., 115 Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, 772-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, 2272-1 Ishii, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, 779-3233, Japan
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2
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Uribe-Herranz M, Kuguel SG, Casós K, Costa C. Characterization of putative regulatory isoforms of porcine tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 in endothelial cells. Xenotransplantation 2020; 27:e12635. [PMID: 32783288 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and its receptors contribute to rejection of transplanted cells and organs. To elucidate how TNFα affects xenograft rejection, we previously cloned the cDNA of pig TNF-receptor 2 (pTNFR2) and found four isoforms: one comprising the full receptor with four cysteine-rich domains (CRD), a shorter variant (pTNFR2ΔE7-10) encoding for a soluble isoform, another lacking exon 4 (pTNFR2ΔE4) displaying only 3 CRD and poor ligand binding, and the smallest one generated by the two alternative splicings. All isoforms contained the pre-ligand assembly domain (PLAD) responsible for receptor trimerization. We now investigated their roles by structural, expression, and subcellular localization studies. Structural in silico analyses identified four amino acids potentially involved in TNFα binding and lacking in pTNFR2ΔE4. Quantitative RT-PCR determined regulated expression affecting the two pTNFR2 alternative splicings in cytokine-stimulated porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC). Particularly, human IL-1α and TNFα produced a strong mRNA upregulation of all isoforms, being the full receptor the predominant one. However, expression of pTNFR2 on PAEC did not correlate with mRNA and decreased after 24-hour exposure to IL-1α or TNFα. Notably, confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of pTNFR2 inside and on the plasma membrane, whereas pTNFR2ΔE4 located only intracellularly. Most interestingly, FRET analyses showed that membrane-bound isoforms pTNFR2 and pTNFR2ΔE4 colocalized intracellularly and associated through the PLAD. Our data show that pTNFR2ΔE4 bind and may retain the full receptor intracellularly. This mechanism has not been described in other species and represents a particularity that may affect the pathophysiology of pig xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián G Kuguel
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelly Casós
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Costa
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Kim GA, Lee EM, Cho B, Alam Z, Kim SJ, Lee S, Oh HJ, Hwang JI, Ahn C, Lee BC. Generation by somatic cell nuclear transfer of GGTA1 knockout pigs expressing soluble human TNFRI-Fc and human HO-1. Transgenic Res 2018; 28:91-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Naeimi Kararoudi M, Hejazi SS, Elmas E, Hellström M, Naeimi Kararoudi M, Padma AM, Lee D, Dolatshad H. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 Gene Editing Technique in Xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1711. [PMID: 30233563 PMCID: PMC6134075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified pigs have been considered favorable resources in xenotransplantation. Microinjection of randomly integrating transgenes into zygotes, somatic cell nuclear transfer, homologous recombination, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and most recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) are the techniques that have been used to generate these animals. Here, we provide an overview of the CRISPR approaches that have been used to modify genes which are vital in improving xenograft survival rate, including cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase, B1,4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, isoglobotrihexosylceramide synthase, class I MHC, von Willebrand factor, C3, and porcine endogenous retroviruses. In addition, we will mention the importance of potential candidate genes which could be targeted using CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyyed S Hejazi
- Department of Basic Science of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezgi Elmas
- The Childhood Cancer Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mats Hellström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Naeimi Kararoudi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvind M Padma
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dean Lee
- The Childhood Cancer Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hamid Dolatshad
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Lee HS, Song S, Shin DY, Kim GS, Lee JH, Cho CW, Lee KW, Park H, Ahn C, Yang J, Yang HM, Park JB, Kim SJ. Enhanced effect of human mesenchymal stem cells expressing human TNF-αR-Fc and HO-1 gene on porcine islet xenotransplantation in humanized mice. Xenotransplantation 2017; 25. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sin Lee
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Sanghyun Song
- Department of Surgery; Dankook University College of Medicine; Dankook University Hospital; Cheonam Korea
| | - Du Yeon Shin
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology; Graduate School; Sungkyunkwan University; Seoul Korea
| | - Geun-Soo Kim
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
| | - Chan Woo Cho
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyojun Park
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Heung-Mo Yang
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Medicine; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Kyunggi Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Kim
- Transplantation Research Center; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul Korea
- Samsung Medical Center; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute; Seoul Korea
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology; Graduate School; Sungkyunkwan University; Seoul Korea
- Department of Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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6
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Generation of CMAHKO/GTKO/shTNFRI-Fc/HO-1 quadruple gene modified pigs. Transgenic Res 2017; 26:435-445. [PMID: 28553699 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative source of organs for transplantation into humans, attention has been directed to pigs due to their similarities in biological features and organ size. However, severe immune rejection has prevented successful xenotransplantation using pig organs and tissues. To overcome immune rejection, recently developed genetic engineering systems such as TALEN coupled with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to make embryos could be used to produce pigs compatible with xenotransplantation. We used the TALEN system to target the non-Gal antigen cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene in pigs that is naturally deleted in humans. Gal-deleted cells expressing both soluble human tumor necrosis factor receptor I IgG1-Fc (shTNFRI-Fc) and human hemagglutinin -tagged-human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1) were transfected with a TALEN target for CMAH. Cells lacking CMAH were negatively selected using N-glyconeuraminic acid (Neu5Gc)/magnetic beads and the level of Neu5Gc expression of isolated cells were analyzed by FACS and DNA sequencing. Cloned embryos using 3 different genetically modified cell clones were respectively transferred into 3 recipients, with 55.6% (5/9) becoming pregnant and three cloned pigs were produced. Successful genetic disruption of the CMAH gene was confirmed by sequencing, showing lack of expression of CMAH in tail-derived fibroblasts of the cloned piglets. Besides decreased expression of Neu5Gc in piglets produced by SCNT, antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays and natural antibody binding for examining immuno-reactivity of the quadruple gene modified pigs derived from endothelial cells and fibroblasts were reduced significantly compared to those of wild type animals. We conclude that by combining the TALEN system and transgenic cells, targeting of multiple genes could be useful for generating organs for xenotransplantation. We produced miniature pigs with quadruple modified genes CMAHKO/GTKO/shTNFRI-Fc/hHO-1 that will be suitable for xenotransplantation by overcoming hyperacute, acute and anti-inflammatory rejection.
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7
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Postneonatal Mortality and Liver Changes in Cloned Pigs Associated with Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor I-Fc and Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Overexpression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5276576. [PMID: 28503569 PMCID: PMC5414503 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5276576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Soluble human tumor necrosis factor (shTNFRI-Fc) and human heme oxygenase 1 (hHO-1) are key regulators for protection against oxidative and inflammatory injury for xenotransplantation. Somatic cells with more than 10 copy numbers of shTNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 were employed in somatic cell nuclear transfer to generate cloned pigs, thereby resulting in seven cloned piglets. However, produced piglets were all dead within 24 hours after birth. Obviously, postnatal death with liver apoptosis was reported in the higher copy number of shTNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 piglets. In liver, the transcript levels of ferritin heavy chain, light chain, transferrin, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly highly expressed compared to those of lower copy number of shTNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 piglets (P < 0.05). Also, H2O2 contents were increased, and superoxide dismutase was significantly lower in the higher copy number of shTNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 piglets (P < 0.05). These results indicate that TNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 overexpression may apparently induce free iron in the liver and exert oxidative stress by enhancing reactive oxygen species production and block normal postneonatal liver metabolism.
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8
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9
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Ramackers W, Klose J, Tiede A, Werwitzke S, Rataj D, Friedrich L, Johanning K, Vondran FWR, Bergmann S, Schuettler W, Bockmeyer CL, Becker JU, Klempnauer J, Winkler M. Effect of TNF-alpha blockade on coagulopathy and endothelial cell activation in xenoperfused porcine kidneys. Xenotransplantation 2016. [PMID: 26216261 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following pig-to-primate kidney transplantation, endothelial cell activation and xenogenic activation of the recipient's coagulation eventually leading to organ dysfunction and microthrombosis can be observed. In this study, we examined the effect of a TNF-receptor fusion protein (TNF-RFP) on endothelial cell activation and coagulopathy utilizing an appropriate ex vivo perfusion system. METHODS Using an ex vivo perfusion circuit based on C1-Inhibitor (C1-Inh) and low-dose heparin administration, we have analyzed consumptive coagulopathy following contact of human blood with porcine endothelium. Porcine kidneys were recovered following in situ cold perfusion with Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) organ preservation solution and were immediately connected to a perfusion circuit utilizing freshly drawn pooled porcine or human AB blood. The experiments were performed in three individual groups: autologous perfusion (n = 5), xenogenic perfusion without any further pharmacological intervention (n = 10), or with addition of TNF-RFP (n = 5). After perfusion, tissue samples were obtained for real-time PCR and immunohistological analyses. Endothelial cell activation was assessed by measuring the expression levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. RESULTS Kidney survival during organ perfusion with human blood, C1-Inh, and heparin, but without any further pharmacological intervention was 126 ± 78 min. Coagulopathy was observed with significantly elevated concentrations of D-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), resulting in the formation of multiple microthrombi. Endothelial cell activation was pronounced, as shown by increased expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1. In contrast, pharmacological intervention with TNF-RFP prolonged organ survival to 240 ± 0 min (max. perfusion time; no difference to autologous control). Formation of microthrombi was slightly reduced, although not significantly, if compared to the xenogenic control. D-dimer and TAT were elevated at similar levels to the xenogenic control experiments. In contrast, endothelial cell activation, as shown by real-time PCR, was significantly reduced in the TNF-RFP group. CONCLUSION We conclude that although coagulopathy was not affected, TNF-RFP is able to suppress inflammation occurring after xenoperfusion in this ex vivo perfusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Ramackers
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Klose
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Tiede
- Klinik für Haematologie, Haemostaseologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Werwitzke
- Klinik für Haematologie, Haemostaseologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dennis Rataj
- Klinik für Haematologie, Haemostaseologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Friedrich
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Johanning
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Bergmann
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuettler
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jan Ulrich Becker
- Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klempnauer
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Winkler
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Yan JJ, Yeom HJ, Jeong JC, Lee JG, Lee EW, Cho B, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Hwang JI, Kim SJ, Lee BC, Ahn C, Yang J. Beneficial effects of the transgenic expression of human sTNF-αR-Fc and HO-1 on pig-to-mouse islet xenograft survival. Transpl Immunol 2016; 34:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Lee HS, Lee JG, Yeom HJ, Chung YS, Kang B, Hurh S, Cho B, Park H, Hwang JI, Park JB, Ahn C, Kim SJ, Yang J. The Introduction of Human Heme Oxygenase-1 and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor Type I With Human IgG1 Fc in Porcine Islets Prolongs Islet Xenograft Survival in Humanized Mice. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:44-57. [PMID: 26430779 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis during engraftment and inflammation induce poor islet xenograft survival. We aimed to determine whether overexpression of human heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) or soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor type I with human IgG1 Fc (sTNF-αR-Fc) in porcine islets could improve islet xenograft survival. Adult porcine islets were transduced with adenovirus containing human HO-1, sTNF-αR-Fc, sTNF-αR-Fc/HO-1 or green fluorescent protein (control). Humanized mice were generated by injecting human cord blood-derived CD34(+) stem cells into NOD-scid-IL-2Rγ(null) mice. Both HO-1 and sTNF-αR-Fc reduced islet apoptosis under in vitro hypoxia or cytokine stimuli and suppressed RANTES induction without compromising insulin secretion. Introduction of either gene into islets prolonged islet xenograft survival in pig-to-humanized mice transplantation. The sTNF-αR-Fc/HO-1 group showed the best glucose tolerance. Target genes were successfully expressed in islet xenografts. Perigraft infiltration of macrophages and T cells was suppressed with decreased expression of RANTES, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 in treatment groups; however, frequency of pig-specific interferon-γ-producing T cells was not decreased, and humoral response was not significant in any group. Early apoptosis of islet cells was suppressed in the treatment groups. In conclusion, overexpression of HO-1 or sTNF-αR-Fc in porcine islets improved islet xenograft survival by suppressing both apoptosis and inflammation. HO-1 or sTNF-αR-Fc transgenic pigs have potential for islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-S Lee
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-G Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yeom
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Chung
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B Kang
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Hurh
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B Cho
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J I Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J B Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zhao X, Yang Q, Zhao K, Jiang C, Ren D, Xu P, He X, Liao R, Jiang K, Ma J, Xiao S, Ren J, Xing Y. Production of Transgenic Pigs with an Introduced Missense Mutation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type IB Gene Related to Prolificacy. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 29:925-37. [PMID: 26954151 PMCID: PMC4932586 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, transgenic animal technology has witnessed an increasingly wide application in animal breeding. Reproductive traits are economically important to the pig industry. It has been shown that the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPR1B) A746G polymorphism is responsible for the fertility in sheep. However, this causal mutation exits exclusively in sheep and goat. In this study, we attempted to create transgenic pigs by introducing this mutation with the aim to improve reproductive traits in pigs. We successfully constructed a vector containing porcine BMPR1B coding sequence (CDS) with the mutant G allele of A746G mutation. In total, we obtained 24 cloned male piglets using handmade cloning (HMC) technique, and 12 individuals survived till maturation. A set of polymerase chain reactions indicated that 11 of 12 matured boars were transgene-positive individuals, and that the transgenic vector was most likely disrupted during cloning. Of 11 positive pigs, one (No. 11) lost a part of the terminator region but had the intact promoter and the CDS regions. cDNA sequencing showed that the introduced allele (746G) was expressed in multiple tissues of transgene-positive offspring of No.11. Western blot analysis revealed that BMPR1B protein expression in multiple tissues of transgene-positive F1 piglets was 0.5 to 2-fold higher than that in the transgene-negative siblings. The No. 11 boar showed normal litter size performance as normal pigs from the same breed. Transgene-positive F1 boars produced by No. 11 had higher semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate than the negative siblings, although the differences did not reached statistical significance. Transgene-positive F1 sows had similar litter size performance to the negative siblings, and more data are needed to adequately assess the litter size performance. In conclusion, we obtained 24 cloned transgenic pigs with the modified porcine BMPR1B CDS using HMC. cDNA sequencing and western blot indicated that the exogenous BMPR1B CDS was successfully expressed in host pigs. The transgenic pigs showed normal litter size performance. However, no significant differences in litter size were found between transgene-positive and negative sows. Our study provides new insight into producing cloned transgenic livestock related to reproductive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kewei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Dongren Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Rongrong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Junwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuyun Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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13
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Butler JR, Ladowski JM, Martens GR, Tector M, Tector AJ. Recent advances in genome editing and creation of genetically modified pigs. Int J Surg 2015; 23:217-222. [PMID: 26231992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The field of xenotransplantation is benefiting greatly from recent advances in genetic engineering. The efficiency and pace with which new model animals are being created has dramatically sped progress towards clinical relevance. Endonuclease-driven genome editing now allows for the efficient generation of targeted genetic alterations. Herein we review the available methods of genetic engineering that have been successfully employed to create genetically modified pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Butler
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph M Ladowski
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gregory R Martens
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Tector
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Joseph Tector
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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14
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Kim H, Hawthorne WJ, Kang HJ, Lee YJ, Hwang J, Hurh S, Ro H, Jeong JC, Cho B, Yang J, Ahn C. Human thrombomodulin regulates complement activation as well as the coagulation cascade in xeno‐immune response. Xenotransplantation 2015; 22:260-272. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Kim
- Transplantation Research Institute Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Wayne J. Hawthorne
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research Westmead Millennium Institute The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Hee Jung Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Hallym University College of Medicine Anyang Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Jong‐Ik Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine Korea University Seoul Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hurh
- Transplantation Research Institute Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Han Ro
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center Inchon Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Transplantation Research Institute Seoul National University Seoul Korea
- Transplantation Center Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Bumrae Cho
- Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology Seoul National University Pyeongchang Gangwon‐do Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute Seoul National University Seoul Korea
- Transplantation Center Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute Seoul National University Seoul Korea
- Transplantation Center Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea
- Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology Seoul National University Pyeongchang Gangwon‐do Korea
- Division of Nephrology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
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15
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Koo OJ, Ha SK, Park SJ, Park HJ, Kim SJ, Kwon D, Kang JT, Moon JH, Park EJ, Jang G, Lee BC. Intrapancreatic ectopic splenic tissue found in a cloned miniature pig. J Vet Sci 2015; 16:241-4. [PMID: 25643801 PMCID: PMC4483510 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a cost-effective technique for producing transgenic pigs. However, abnormalities in the cloned pigs might prevent use these animals for clinical applications or disease modeling. In the present study, we generated several cloned pigs. One of the pigs was found to have intrapancreatic ectopic splenic tissue during histopathology analysis although this animal was grossly normal and genetically identical to the other cloned pigs. Ectopic splenic tissue in the pancreas is very rare, especially in animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such report for cloned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Jae Koo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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16
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Koo OJ, Park SJ, Lee C, Kang JT, Kim S, Moon JH, Choi JY, Kim H, Jang G, Kim JS, Kim S, Lee BC. Production of Mutated Porcine Embryos Using Zinc Finger Nucleases and a Reporter-based Cell Enrichment System. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:324-9. [PMID: 25049958 PMCID: PMC4093273 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the construction of genetically-modified pigs, we produced cloned embryos derived from porcine fibroblasts transfected with a pair of engineered zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) plasmids to create targeted mutations and enriched using a reporter plasmid system. The reporter expresses RFP and eGFP simultaneously when ZFN-mediated site-specific mutations occur. Thus, double positive cells (RFP+/eGFP+) were selected and used for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Two types of reporter based enrichment systems were used in this study; the cloned embryos derived from cells enriched using a magnetic sorting-based system showed better developmental competence than did those derived from cells enriched by flow cytometry. Mutated sequences, such as insertions, deletions, or substitutions, together with the wild-type sequence, were found in the cloned porcine blastocysts. Therefore, genetic mutations can be achieved in cloned porcine embryos reconstructed with ZFN-treated cells that were enriched by a reporter-based system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Jae Koo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Korea
| | - Sol Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Choongil Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jung Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Moon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ji Yei Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea . ; Emergence Center for Food-Medicine Personalized Therapy System, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Gyeonggi-do 443-270, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | - Byeong-Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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17
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Park SJ, Cho B, Koo OJ, Kim H, Kang JT, Hurh S, Kim SJ, Yeom HJ, Moon J, Lee EM, Choi JY, Hong JH, Jang G, Hwang JI, Yang J, Lee BC, Ahn C. Production and characterization of soluble human TNFRI-Fc and human HO-1(HMOX1) transgenic pigs by using the F2A peptide. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:407-19. [PMID: 24497084 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Generation of transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation is one of the most promising technologies for resolving organ shortages. Human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1/HMOX1) can protect transplanted organs by its strong anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Soluble human TNFRI-Fc (shTNFRI-Fc) can inhibit the binding of human TNF-α (hTNF-α) to TNF receptors on porcine cells, and thereby, prevent hTNF-α-mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Herein, we successfully generated shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 transgenic (TG) pigs expressing both shTNFRI-Fc and hemagglutinin-tagged-human heme oxygenase-1 (HA-hHO-1) by using an F2A self-cleaving peptide. shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 transgenes containing the F2A peptide were constructed under the control of the CAG promoter. Transgene insertion and copy number in the genome of transgenic pigs was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. Expressions of shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 in TG pigs were confirmed using PCR, RT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 were expressed in various organs, including the heart, lung, and spleen. ELISA assays detected shTNFRI-Fc in the sera of TG pigs. For functional analysis, fibroblasts isolated from a shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG pig (i.e., #14; 1 × 10(5) cells) were cultured with hTNF-α (20 ng/mL) and cycloheximide (10 μg/mL). The viability of shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG pig fibroblasts was significantly higher than that of the wild type (wild type vs. shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG at 24 h, 31.6 ± 3.2 vs. 60.4 ± 8.3 %, respectively; p < 0.05). Caspase-3/-7 activity of the shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG pig fibroblasts was lower than that of the wild type pig fibroblasts (wild type vs. shTNFRI-Fc-F2A-HA-hHO-1 TG at 12 h, 812,452 ± 113,078 RLU vs. 88,240 ± 10,438 RLU, respectively; p < 0.05). These results show that shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 TG pigs generated by the F2A self-cleaving peptide express both shTNFRI-Fc and HA-hHO-1 molecules, which provides protection against oxidative and inflammatory injury. Utilization of the F2A self-cleaving peptide is a promising tool for generating multiple TG pigs for xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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18
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Cowan PJ, Cooper DKC, d'Apice AJF. Kidney xenotransplantation. Kidney Int 2014; 85:265-75. [PMID: 24088952 PMCID: PMC3946635 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation using pigs as donors offers the possibility of eliminating the chronic shortage of donor kidneys, but there are several obstacles to be overcome before this goal can be achieved. Preclinical studies have shown that, while porcine renal xenografts are broadly compatible physiologically, they provoke a complex rejection process involving preformed and elicited antibodies, heightened innate immune cell reactivity, dysregulated coagulation, and a strong T cell-mediated adaptive response. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the xenograft to proinflammatory and procoagulant stimuli is probably increased by cross-species molecular defects in regulatory pathways. To balance these disadvantages, xenotransplantation has at its disposal a unique tool to address particular rejection mechanisms and incompatibilities: genetic modification of the donor. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of porcine renal xenograft rejection, and on the significant genetic, pharmacological, and technical progress that has been made to prolong xenograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Cowan
- 1] Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David K C Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony J F d'Apice
- 1] Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Yeom HJ, Koo OJ, Yang J, Cho B, Hwang JI, Park SJ, Hurh S, Kim H, Lee EM, Ro H, Kang JT, Kim SJ, Won JK, O'Connell PJ, Kim H, Surh CD, Lee BC, Ahn C. Generation and characterization of human heme oxygenase-1 transgenic pigs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46646. [PMID: 23071605 PMCID: PMC3465346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation using transgenic pigs as an organ source is a promising strategy to overcome shortage of human organ for transplantation. Various genetic modifications have been tried to ameliorate xenograft rejection. In the present study we assessed effect of transgenic expression of human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1), an inducible protein capable of cytoprotection by scavenging reactive oxygen species and preventing apoptosis caused by cellular stress during inflammatory processes, in neonatal porcine islet-like cluster cells (NPCCs). Transduction of NPCCs with adenovirus containing hHO-1 gene significantly reduced apoptosis compared with the GFP-expressing adenovirus control after treatment with either hydrogen peroxide or hTNF-α and cycloheximide. These protective effects were diminished by co-treatment of hHO-1 antagonist, Zinc protoporphyrin IX. We also generated transgenic pigs expressing hHO-1 and analyzed expression and function of the transgene. Human HO-1 was expressed in most tissues, including the heart, kidney, lung, pancreas, spleen and skin, however, expression levels and patterns of the hHO-1 gene are not consistent in each organ. We isolate fibroblast from transgenic pigs to analyze protective effect of the hHO-1. As expected, fibroblasts derived from the hHO-1 transgenic pigs were significantly resistant to both hydrogen peroxide damage and hTNF-α and cycloheximide-mediated apoptosis when compared with wild-type fibroblasts. Furthermore, induction of RANTES in response to hTNF-α or LPS was significantly decreased in fibroblasts obtained from the hHO-1 transgenic pigs. These findings suggest that transgenic expression of hHO-1 can protect xenografts when exposed to oxidative stresses, especially from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and/or acute rejection mediated by cytokines. Accordingly, hHO-1 could be an important candidate molecule in a multi-transgenic pig strategy for xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Yeom
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Jae Koo
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bumrae Cho
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Laboratory of G Protein Coupled Receptors, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sol Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hurh
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwajung Kim
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Ro
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Molecular Pathology Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Philip J. O'Connell
- The Center for Transplant Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hyunil Kim
- Optifarm Solution Inc., Seonggeo-eup, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Charles D. Surh
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Byeong-Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (AC); (B-CL)
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Designed Animal Resource Center and Biotransplant Research Institute, Seoul National University Green-Bio Research Complex, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (AC); (B-CL)
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20
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Park SJ, Park HJ, Koo OJ, Choi WJ, Moon JH, Kwon DK, Kang JT, Kim S, Choi JY, Jang G, Lee BC. Oxamflatin Improves Developmental Competence of Porcine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:398-406. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2012.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sol-Ji Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ok-Jae Koo
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Woo-Jae Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Joon-ho Moon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Dae-Kee Kwon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Ji-Yei Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Byeong-Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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21
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Luo Y, Lin L, Bolund L, Jensen TG, Sørensen CB. Genetically modified pigs for biomedical research. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:695-713. [PMID: 22453682 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, pigs have been used to develop some of the most important large animal models for biomedical research. Advances in pig genome research, genetic modification (GM) of primary pig cells and pig cloning by nuclear transfer, have facilitated the generation of GM pigs for xenotransplantation and various human diseases. This review summarizes the key technologies used for generating GM pigs, including pronuclear microinjection, sperm-mediated gene transfer, somatic cell nuclear transfer by traditional cloning, and somatic cell nuclear transfer by handmade cloning. Broadly used genetic engineering tools for porcine cells are also discussed. We also summarize the GM pig models that have been generated for xenotransplantation and human disease processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, eye diseases, bone diseases, cancers and epidermal skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, and inherited metabolic diseases. Thus, this review provides an overview of the progress in GM pig research over the last two decades and perspectives for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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22
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Cooper DKC, Ekser B, Burlak C, Ezzelarab M, Hara H, Paris L, Tector AJ, Phelps C, Azimzadeh AM, Ayares D, Robson SC, Pierson RN. Clinical lung xenotransplantation--what donor genetic modifications may be necessary? Xenotransplantation 2012; 19:144-58. [PMID: 22702466 PMCID: PMC3775598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2012.00708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Barriers to successful lung xenotransplantation appear to be even greater than for other organs. This difficulty may be related to several macro anatomic factors, such as the uniquely fragile lung parenchyma and associated blood supply that results in heightened vulnerability of graft function to segmental or lobar airway flooding caused by loss of vascular integrity (also applicable to allotransplants). There are also micro-anatomic considerations, such as the presence of large numbers of resident inflammatory cells, such as pulmonary intravascular macrophages and natural killer (NK) T cells, and the high levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) associated with the microvasculature. We have considered what developments would be necessary to allow successful clinical lung xenotransplantation. We suggest this will only be achieved by multiple genetic modifications of the organ-source pig, in particular to render the vasculature resistant to thrombosis. The major problems that require to be overcome are multiple and include (i) the innate immune response (antibody, complement, donor pulmonary and recipient macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells), (ii) the adaptive immune response (T and B cells), (iii) coagulation dysregulation, and (iv) an inflammatory response (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, C-reactive protein). We propose that the genetic manipulation required to provide normal thromboregulation alone may include the introduction of genes for human thrombomodulin/endothelial protein C-receptor, and/or tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and/or CD39/CD73; the problem of pig vWF may also need to be addressed. It would appear that exploration of every available therapeutic path will be required if lung xenotransplantation is to be successful. To initiate a clinical trial of lung xenotransplantation, even as a bridge to allotransplantation (with a realistic possibility of survival long enough for a human lung allograft to be obtained), significant advances and much experimental work will be required. Nevertheless, with the steadily increasing developments in techniques of genetic engineering of pigs, we are optimistic that the goal of successful clinical lung xenotransplantation can be achieved within the foreseeable future. The optimistic view would be that if experimental pig lung xenotransplantation could be successfully managed, it is likely that clinical application of this and all other forms of xenotransplantation would become more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K C Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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