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Marcon AR, Wagner DN, Giles C, Isenor C. Web-Based Perspectives of Deemed Consent Organ Donation Legislation in Nova Scotia: Thematic Analysis of Commentary in Facebook Groups. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:e38242. [PMID: 37113450 PMCID: PMC9987187 DOI: 10.2196/38242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The Canadian province of Nova Scotia recently became the first jurisdiction in North America to implement deemed consent organ donation legislation. Changing the consent models constituted one aspect of a larger provincial program to increase organ and tissue donation and transplantation rates. Deemed consent legislation can be controversial among the public, and public participation is integral to the successful implementation of the program. Objective Social media constitutes key spaces where people express opinions and discuss topics, and social media discourse can influence public perceptions. This project aimed to examine how the public in Nova Scotia responded to legislative changes in Facebook groups. Methods Using Facebook's search engine, we searched for posts in public Facebook groups using the terms "deemed consent," "presumed consent," "opt out," or "organ donation" and "Nova Scotia," appearing from January 1, 2020, to May 1, 2021. The finalized data set included 2337 comments on 26 relevant posts in 12 different public Nova Scotia-based Facebook groups. We conducted thematic and content analyses of the comments to determine how the public responded to the legislative changes and how the participants interacted with one another in the discussions. Results Our thematic analysis revealed principal themes that supported and critiqued the legislation, raised specific issues, and reflected on the topic from a neutral perspective. Subthemes showed individuals presenting perspectives through a variety of themes, including compassion, anger, frustration, mistrust, and a range of argumentative tactics. The comments included personal narratives, beliefs about the government, altruism, autonomy, misinformation, and reflections on religion and death. Content analysis revealed that Facebook users reacted to popular comments with "likes" more than other reactions. Comments with the most reactions included both negative and positive perspectives about the legislation. Personal donation and transplantation success stories, as well as attempts to correct misinformation, were some of the most "liked" positive comments. Conclusions The findings provide key insights into perspectives of individuals from Nova Scotia on deemed consent legislation, as well as organ donation and transplantation broadly. The insights derived from this analysis can contribute to public understanding, policy creation, and public outreach efforts that might occur in other jurisdictions considering the enactment of similar legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro R Marcon
- Health Law Institute Faculty of Law University of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Darren N Wagner
- Health Law Institute Faculty of Law University of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Carly Giles
- Health Law Institute Faculty of Law University of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada
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Ali AA, Al-Hashimi BA, Al-Taee HA, Bahaaldan SS. Knowledge and Attitude of People With or Without a Medical Education Regarding Organ Donation and Transplant: A Sample From the City of Baghdad. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2022; 20:299-305. [PMID: 33535931 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2020.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Organ donation is the driving force for transplant. Awareness about donation and transplant is invaluable for improved transplant services in any country. Our objective was to assess the knowledge and attitude toward organ donation and transplant among medically educated adult Iraqis versus adult Iraqis who were not medically educated, in Baghdad, Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this study, we recruited 400 Iraqi residents of Baghdad city from December 1, 2018, to March 1, 2019. We used an interviewer-adm-inistered questionnaire to survey 200 health care professionals and 200 adults who lacked medical education, and then we analyzed the responses from the 2 groups. RESULTS The study included 165 males and 235 females (mean age 33.73 ± 10.38 years). Most participants (60%) were aware of organ donation, and a health care provider was the main source of their knowledge. Only 11.25% were aware of Iraqi legislation that permits donation after brain death. Nearly 50% of the participants volunteered to be living donors, and 229/400 (57.25%%) volunteered to donate after death. About 50% accepted the idea of organ donation as an act to save life, whomever the donor. The most important barrier was the fear of future risks to health after living donation and body disfigurement after death. There was a statistically significant difference in the knowledge and attitude scores between the 2 groups. From the study sample, 46.5% accepted the concept of incenting living donors or families of deceased donors. CONCLUSIONS Iraqi people are moderately informed about organ donation and transplant. Medically educated people demonstrated an attitude of greater acceptance. Religion and social beliefs were not barriers to organ donation in the study sample. Regulated governmental application of incentive programs may be a useful strategy at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala A Ali
- From the Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Centre, The Medical City Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
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Do Spiritual Well-Being and Demographic Characteristics Influence the Decision on Being an Organ Donor? JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jech.8.4.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kumar S, Miller CM, Hashimoto K, Quintini C, Kumar A, Balci NC, Pinna AD. Liver Transplantation in the United Arab Emirates From Deceased and Living Donors: Initial 2-Year Experience. Transplantation 2021; 105:1881-1883. [PMID: 34416746 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Koji Hashimoto
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Numan C Balci
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Antonio D Pinna
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Sharaan R, Alsulami S, Arab R, Alzeair G, Elamin N, Alsaywid B, Lytras M. Knowledge, Attitude, and Willingness Toward Kidney Donation Among Health Sciences Students at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University. Front Public Health 2021; 9:667582. [PMID: 34164369 PMCID: PMC8215665 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.667582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: End-stage renal disease, as one of the most serious and major health problems, does not have many treatment options available. One of the best treatment modalities used to cure this debilitating disease is kidney transplantation. However, with the continuous increase in number of patients diagnosed with it, there is not enough supply of the organ. The aim of our study is to assess knowledge about, attitude toward, and willingness to donate kidney among health science students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University in comparison to the general population in Jeddah and to investigate the factors that play a role on their willingness. Methods: This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study design conducted in 2019. Two target populations were included: King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences students and the general population in Jeddah. Data were collected via a self-administered, close-ended, structured, and previously validated questionnaire that contained 39 items divided into four sections. SPSS program version 22 was used in data analysis. Results: Out of 685 surveyed participants, 179 (26.1%) were willing to donate their kidney, with students showing a higher rate of willingness (N = 101; 32.3%) than the general population (N = 78; 21%). However, only 46 (6.7%) out of the total population hold an organ donor card. In bivariate analysis, it was found that knowledge significantly associated with a higher rate of willingness among the student population than the general population, while positive beliefs were associated with increased willingness in the general population than students. Positive attitude appeared to play a role in higher willingness among the general population and student population. Conclusion: There is a low perception of awareness regarding kidney donation in both populations of this study. The willingness rate of health science students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University and the general population was low when compared with other studies conducted internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Sharaan
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alsulami
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raneem Arab
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghida Alzeair
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Elamin
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Alsaywid
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Planning and Organizational Excellence Administration, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miltiadis Lytras
- Effat College of Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Distinguished Scientists Program, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Metwally AM, Abdel-Latif GA, Eletreby L, Aboulghate A, Mohsen A, Amer HA, Saleh RM, Elmosalami DM, Salama HI, Abd El Hady SI, Alam RR, Mohamed HA, Badran HM, Eltokhy HE, Elhariri H, Rabah T, Abdelrahman M, Ibrahim NA, Chami N. Egyptians' social acceptance and consenting options for posthumous organ donation; a cross sectional study. BMC Med Ethics 2020; 21:49. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1186/s12910-020-00490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Organ donation has become one of the most effective ways to save lives and improve the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. No previous studies have investigated the preferences for the different consenting options for organ donation in Egypt. This study aims to assess Egyptians’ preferences regarding consenting options for posthumous organ donation, and measure their awareness and acceptance of the Egyptian law articles regulating organ donation.
Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted among 2743 participants over two years. Each participant was required to rank eleven consenting options from 1 (most preferred) to 11 (least preferred), and to report his awareness and acceptance of the seven articles of the Egyptian law of organ donation.
Results
47% of the participants expressed willingness to donate their organs after death. This percentage increased to 78% when consenting options were explained to participants. “Informed consent by donor only” was the most preferred type of consent for one third of respondents. Awareness of the law articles regulating organ donation was relatively low ranging from 56% to 23%.
Conclusion
Currently, around half of the Egyptian population agree to posthumous organ donation. This percentage could be increased significantly by raising the awareness about how the process of donation could be regulated and how the patient’s right of decision could be protected.
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Al-Abbasi G, Al-Jasim A. Attitudes and perceptions among Iraqi young adults towards organs donation and transplantation: A call for action. J Public Health Res 2020; 9:1857. [PMID: 33409243 PMCID: PMC7772556 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Organs transplantation is the only treatment for end-stage organ failure. However, the disparity between organs availability and the number of patients in the waiting lists is widening globally, especially in Iraq for many reasons. This study aims to assess the level of attitudes and perceptions among Iraqi young adults towards organs donation and transplantation as the first study to be conducted in Iraq for such purpose. Methods: This observational study was conducted among 912 Iraqi young adults through a structured questionnaire which was disseminated among social media platforms. Participants consented before filling the questionnaire and their responses were analyzed to test the hypothesis of the study. Results: Most of the participants were females, Muslims and in their undergraduate level. Overall, 84.2% of the participants were willing to donate their organs after death and (97.9%) of them actually agreed to sign for organs donation. Most of those who were not willing to donate have no idea whether their religion approves it or not. There was no statistically significant difference in willingness to donate between different socioeconomic classes or residency areas. Conclusions: Most of the participants are convinced with donating their organs after death and are willing to sign for organ donation programs, advocating for initiating an official governmental transplant agency with multiple local committees distributed among health directorates all over the country managing it. The hesitancy to donate organs was attributed mostly to religious and associated with lack of knowledge issues, thus education might be the key to positive attitudes. Significance for public health Organs donation and transplantations are crucial for end stage organ failure patients. Assessing the attitudes and perceptions of the population especially of young adults will help to create a throughout vision on the future of this socially conflicting issue. These attitudes will reflect back to affect the population as a whole. Putting these findings out as the first study ever conducted in Iraq on such topic will definitely help the policy makers to observe the need for an action by providing yet another scientific and accurate justification to work actively on the project of organs donation for the sake of general Iraqi people.
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Metwally AM, Abdel-Latif GA, Eletreby L, Aboulghate A, Mohsen A, Amer HA, Saleh RM, Elmosalami DM, Salama HI, Abd El Hady SI, Alam RR, Mohamed HA, Badran HM, Eltokhy HE, Elhariri H, Rabah T, Abdelrahman M, Ibrahim NA, Chami N. Egyptians' social acceptance and consenting options for posthumous organ donation; a cross sectional study. BMC Med Ethics 2020; 21:49. [PMID: 32539704 PMCID: PMC7296756 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-020-00490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organ donation has become one of the most effective ways to save lives and improve the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. No previous studies have investigated the preferences for the different consenting options for organ donation in Egypt. This study aims to assess Egyptians’ preferences regarding consenting options for posthumous organ donation, and measure their awareness and acceptance of the Egyptian law articles regulating organ donation. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 2743 participants over two years. Each participant was required to rank eleven consenting options from 1 (most preferred) to 11 (least preferred), and to report his awareness and acceptance of the seven articles of the Egyptian law of organ donation. Results 47% of the participants expressed willingness to donate their organs after death. This percentage increased to 78% when consenting options were explained to participants. “Informed consent by donor only” was the most preferred type of consent for one third of respondents. Awareness of the law articles regulating organ donation was relatively low ranging from 56% to 23%. Conclusion Currently, around half of the Egyptian population agree to posthumous organ donation. This percentage could be increased significantly by raising the awareness about how the process of donation could be regulated and how the patient’s right of decision could be protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammal M Metwally
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lobna Eletreby
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aboulghate
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira Mohsen
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala A Amer
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt.,Infection Control Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan M Saleh
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Elmosalami
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hend I Salama
- Egyptian Liver Research Institute And Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Raefa R Alam
- Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan M Badran
- Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Hazem Elhariri
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Thanaa Rabah
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nihad A Ibrahim
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada Chami
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID:60014618), P.O.12622, Doki, Giza, Egypt
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10
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Demırkiran O, Bozbay S, Elmaagac M, Agkoç M. Religious and Cultural Aspects of Organ Donation in the Turkish Population. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:2158-2162. [PMID: 31377065 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organ donation is becoming more important with increasing organ transplantation possibilities. We aimed to determine the knowledge, sociocultural view, and influences of religious belief regarding opinions on organ donation. MATERIAL AND METHOD This study was based on a self-administered survey questionnaire distributed via the Internet. The study sample was sent to Internet communication groups. RESULTS Three hundred and seventeen participants completed the survey: 39.4% of respondents said that they would definitely donate their organs; 6.9% would only give via live donation; 51.4% were undetermined; and 2.2% absolutely refused to donate. Muslim respondents favored organ donation (36.5%) and linked it to religious reasons (6.3%). Only 4 (1.3%) of the 6 (1.9%) Muslim respondents who said they would definitely not donate did so because they felt that organ donation was religiously inappropriate. Of 22 Muslim participants (7.3%), 5 (1.6%) attributed the idea of living donation to religious reasons and 11 (3.6%) did not have enough information. The atheist respondents believed that the reason for organ donation was to do someone else a favor (88.8%). The deist and agnostic believers also ascribed to this view. In order to evaluate the effects of cultural causes, we examined regional responses and found that 85 of the 196 participants in the Marmara Region would definitely donate organs, 18 would do so only for live donations, and 5 would definitely not donate. CONCLUSION Religious and cultural factors affect people's decision to donate their organs. In the survey we conducted on Turkish responders, we saw that religious causes are particularly effective in organ donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Demırkiran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
| | - Suha Bozbay
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa.
| | - Merve Elmaagac
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
| | - Melek Agkoç
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
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Krupic F, Westin O, Hagelberg M, Sköldenberg O, Samuelsson K. The Influence of Age, Gender and Religion on Willingness to be an Organ Donor: Experience of Religious Muslims Living in Sweden. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:847-859. [PMID: 30006834 PMCID: PMC6522646 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The transplantation of organs is one of the most successful medical advances in recent decades, and transplantation is the treatment of choice for severe organ failure worldwide. Despite this situation and the general acknowledgment of organ donation (OD) as a global priority, the demand for organs outstrips the supply in virtually every country in the world. The study aims to elucidate whether age, gender and religion influence decision-making about organ donation in religious Muslims living in Sweden Data were collected through three group interviews using open-ended questions and qualitative content analysis. Twenty-seven participants, 15 males and 12 females from four countries, participated in the focus group interviews. The analysis of the collected data resulted in three main categories: "Information and knowledge about organ donation," "The priorities when deciding about organ donation" and "The religious aspects of organ donation," including a number of subcategories. Good information about and knowledge of OD, priorities in OD, importance of the fact that religion must be studied and taught daily and religious education were only a few of the factors informants emphasized as predictors of the total and successful donation of organs. Age, gender or religion did not have an impact on organ donation. High levels of education through religious education and good information via various media, as well as a good knowledge of the Swedish language, are predictors of improved OD. In order to overcome religious ideology as a source of misinformation relating to OD and to promote increased OD in the future, specific intervention studies and the improved involvement of religious communities and education in schools and the healthcare system are vital and must be a starting point for improved OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferid Krupic
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Olof Westin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Mårten Hagelberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Sköldenberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Samuelsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
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Attitudes of Iranian students about organ donation: a qualitative study. BMC Med Ethics 2019; 20:36. [PMID: 31138188 PMCID: PMC6540564 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-019-0372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ donation is a life-saving process for patients suffering from an advanced organ failure. A disparity between donated organs and required organs for transplantation is one of the major problems in Iran. Since personal attitudes about organ donation is a main factor influencing willingness to donate organ, the present study sought to provide a deeper understanding of the attitudes of university students in Iran regarding organ donation. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted in 2016. Semi-structured interviews were held for collecting data from eighty five students from various universities in Hamadan city, Iran. Using a purposive sampling method, the students were selected based on the maximum variation. The content analysis method was used for data analysis by the research team and criteria for the study's rigor was considered. RESULTS Overall, the students had positive attitudes toward organ donation by brain-dead patients. Nevertheless, not of them stated that they would become an organ donor. During the data analysis, 376 primary codes, 13 categories, and 6 themes were developed. Themes were "cognitive readiness", "mediators of decision making", "beliefs and motivations", "interactions with the health system", "dependency", and "integrity of the body". Also, thirteen sub-themes were developed. CONCLUSION Many factors influence the students' attitudes toward organ donation. Identification and explanation of these factors can help healthcare managers and policymakers for planning and improving the organ donation culture in the society.
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Abbasi M, Kiani M, Ahmadi M, Salehi B. Knowledge and Ethical Issues in Organ Transplantation and Organ Donation: Perspectives from Iranian Health Personnel. Ann Transplant 2018; 23:292-299. [PMID: 29724990 PMCID: PMC6248176 DOI: 10.12659/aot.908615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organ transplantation is one of the most critical topics in medical ethics that is commonplace in various countries. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and the ethical issues surrounding organ transplantation and organ donation among healthcare personnel in Tehran, Iran. Material/Methods In a cross-sectional study performed on 450 healthcare personnel, self-administered questionnaires were used to derive data from individuals. Among the 450 health personnel who received the questionnaires, 377 completed their questionnaires (83.77%). Results The willingness and unwillingness to donate organs among individuals were 47.48% (n=179) and 52.51% (n=198), respectively. Among the individuals who signed the organ donation card, 96.5% (n=55) were willing to donate their organs and 3.5% (n=2) were unwilling to donate their organs. Most of the individuals that were willing (48.34%; n=175) and unwilling (51.66%; n=187) to donate their organs claimed religious support for organ donation (P=0.00). Out of these people, 110 willing people (67.48%) and 53 (32.52%) unwilling people were familiar with the idea of brain death. The individuals who selected cadavers (67.64%; n=255) and brain death (24.4%; n=92) were chosen as the best candidates for organ donation. Most individuals believed that young patients (n=123; 32.62%) and people who had not already had organ transplants (n=90; 23.87%) should be the preferred recipients of organs. Most individuals had learned about organ transplantation from television (30.24%; n=114), newspapers (23.61%; n=89), and the radio (19.89%; n=75). Conclusions In conclusion, there is a need for more educational programs for the improvement of knowledge and ethical consideration with regard to organ transplantation and organ donation among healthcare personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abbasi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Kiani
- Department of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Choudry M, Latif A, Warburton KG. An overview of the spiritual importances of end-of-life care among the five major faiths of the United Kingdom. Clin Med (Lond) 2018; 18:23-31. [PMID: 29436435 PMCID: PMC6330909 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-1-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For many who pertain to particular theological paradigms, their faith cannot be compartmentalised, but is mobilised to inform all aspects of their being, most notably their ethical and moral persuasions. As clinicians, the concept that there are good and bad deaths is already known; understanding the origin and depth of non-physical suffering, and aiming to alleviate it is not possible without learning the individual experiences and beliefs that go with it. Spiritual care forms a fundamental consideration in the endeavor to address the holistic experience of those patients receiving palliative care. Good palliative care seeks to promote the wellbeing and priorities of those with faltering health in a way that continues to support individualised notions of self-determination. The last few decades have resulted in a multicultural and multi-ethnic patient population. Addressing the spiritual and physical needs of patients allows healthcare professionals to deliver truly holistic care. Exploring and understanding the specific nuances of the five major religions of the UK provides healthcare professionals the opportunity to comfort the religiously observant patient at the end of life.
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Bein T. [Intercultural competence. Management of foreignness in intensive care medicine]. Anaesthesist 2016; 64:562-8. [PMID: 26231291 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-015-0069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in a multicultural society is characterized by different attitudes caused by a variety of religions and cultures. In intensive care medicine such a variety of cultural aspects with respect to pain, shame, bodiliness, dying and death is of importance in this scenario. AIM To assess the importance of cultural and religious attitudes in the face of foreignness in intensive care medicine and nursing. Notification of misunderstandings and misinterpretations in communication and actions. MATERIAL AND METHODS An analysis of the scientific literature was carried out and typical intercultural conflict burden situations regarding the management of brain death, organ donation and end of life decisions are depicted. RESULTS Specific attitudes are found in various religions or cultures regarding the change of a therapeutic target, the value of the patient's living will and the organization of rituals for dying. Intercultural conflicts are mostly due to misunderstandings, assessment differences, discrimination and differences in values. CONCLUSION Intercultural competence is crucial in intensive care medicine and includes knowledge of social and cultural influences of different attitudes on health and illness, the abstraction from own attitudes and the acceptance of other or foreign attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bein
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, 93042, Regensburg, Deutschland,
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Rasiah R, Manikam R, Chandrasekaran SK, Naghavi N, Mubarik S, Mustafa R, Pushparajan S. Deceased Donor Organs: What Can Be Done to Raise Donation Rates Using Evidence From Malaysia? Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1540-7. [PMID: 26602367 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Organ donation rates have continued to fall seriously short of needs worldwide, with the lowest rates recorded among developing economies. This study seeks to analyze evidence from a developing economy to explore the usefulness of social psychological theory to solve the problem. The study deployed a large survey (n = 10 412) using a convenience sampling procedure targeted at increasing the number of Malaysians registered with the Ministry of Health, Malaysia who are willing to donate organs upon death. Structural equation modeling was deployed to estimate simultaneously the relative influence of cognitive and noncognitive variables on willingness to donate deceased organs. The cognitive factors of donation perception, socioeconomic status and financial incentives, and the noncognitive factors of demography and fear showed a high statistically significant (1%) relationship with willingness to donate organs after death. While financial incentives were significant, cash rewards showed the least impact. Donation perception showed the highest impact, which shows that the development of effective pedagogic programs with simultaneous improvements to the quality of services provided by medical personnel engaged in retrieving and transplanting deceased donor organs can help raise organ donation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rasiah
- Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Manikam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - N Naghavi
- Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Mubarik
- Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Mustafa
- Malaysian Qualifying Agency, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Pushparajan
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tumin M, Tafran K, Tang LY, Chong MC, Mohd Jaafar NI, Mohd Satar N, Abdullah N. Factors Associated With Medical and Nursing Students' Willingness to Donate Organs. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3178. [PMID: 27015207 PMCID: PMC4998402 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaysia suffers from a chronic shortage of human organs for transplantation. Medical and nursing students (MaNS) are future health professionals and thus their attitude toward organ donation is vital for driving national donation rates. This study investigates MaNS' willingness to donate organs upon death and the factors influencing their willingness. A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 500 students (264 medical and 236 nursing) at the University of Malaya. A self-administrated questionnaire was used. The responses were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. Of all respondents, 278 (55.6%) were willing to donate organs upon death, while the remaining 222 (44.4%) were unwilling to donate. Only 44 (8.8%) had donor cards. The multiple logistic regression revealed that the minorities ethnic group was more willing to donate organs than Malay respondents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.98, P = 0.010). In addition, medical students were more willing to donate than nursing students (aOR = 2.53, P = 0.000). Respondents who have a family member with a donor card were more willing to donate than respondents who do not (aOR = 3.48, P = 0.006). MaNS who believed that their religion permits deceased donation were more willing to donate than their counterparts (aOR = 4.96, P = 0.000). Household income and sex were not significant predictors of MaNS' willingness to donate organs upon death. MaNS have moderate willingness, but low commitment toward deceased organ donation. Strategies for improving MaNS' attitude should better educate them on organ donation, targeting the most the Malay and nursing students, and should consider the influence of family attitude and religious permissibility on MaNS' willingness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makmor Tumin
- From the Department of Administrative Studies and Politics (MT), Universiti Malaya; Institute of Research Management and Monitoring (KT), Universiti Malaya; Department of Nursing (TLY, CMC), Universiti Malaya; Department of Applied Statistics (NIMJ), Universiti Malaya; Department of Economics (NMS, NA), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Akbulut S, Yilmaz S. Liver transplantation in Turkey: historical review and future perspectives. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2015; 29:161-7. [PMID: 25535023 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the first successful liver transplantation by Starzl et al. in 1967, liver transplantation has become the standard therapy for many liver diseases, mainly chronic liver disease. Most liver transplantations performed in Europe and North America utilize deceased donors while a considerable portion of organ requirements is supplied by living donors in Asian countries including Turkey. The actual history of solid organ transplantation in Turkey began with the pioneering work of Dr. Haberal in collaboration with Thomaz E. Starzl in 1974 in Colorado University at Denver. The first successful solid organ transplantation in Turkey was accomplished by Haberal in 1975 with a living donor renal transplantation. Subsequently, legislations no 2238 and 2594 dated 1979 and 1982, respectively, were passed, paving the way for cadaveric tissue/organ utilization and preservation in Turkey. The first deceased donor liver transplantation and the first living donor liver transplantation were performed in 1988 and 1990, respectively. There are currently 45 liver transplantation centers in Turkey. Of these, 25 are state universities, 8 are private (foundation) universities, 9 are private hospitals, and 3 are training and research hospitals belonging to the Ministry of Health. A total of 7152 liver transplantations were performed in Turkey between January 2002 and May 2014. Of these, 4848 (67.8%) used living donors and 2304 (32.2%) used deceased donors. These figures indicate that, despite widespread organ donation campaigns and media-sponsored propaganda, desired targets have not been met yet in providing deceased organ donation. Despite unsatisfactory levels attained in supplying deceased donors, both the number of annual liver transplantations and improvements in overall survival rates of organ transplanted patients continues to increase. Actually, the one-year patient survival rate after liver transplantation in 2013 was 80.5%. This rate is getting better with each passing year and believed to be close to 90% in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Akbulut
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey.
| | - Sezai Yilmaz
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
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19
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Thou shalt not donate organs: but it's OK to take? Transplantation 2014; 98:e40-1. [PMID: 25171531 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Relationships between Islamic religiosity and attitude toward deceased organ donation among American Muslims: a pilot study. Transplantation 2014; 97:1292-9. [PMID: 24646775 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000441874.43007.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Religion-rooted beliefs and values are often cited as barriers to organ donation among Muslims. Yet how Islamic religiosity relates to organ donation attitude among Muslims is less studied. METHODS Using a community based participatory research approach, we recruited adults from mosque communities to self-administer a questionnaire assessing levels of Islamic religiosity, attitude toward deceased organ donation, and sociodemographic descriptors. RESULTS Of the 97 respondents, there were nearly equal numbers of men and women. Over a third were Arab American (n=36), and nearly a quarter were either South Asian (n=23) or African American (n=25). Respondents viewing difficulties in life as punishment from God had a decreased odds of believing deceased organ donation to be justified (OR 0.85, P<0.05). Other measures of Islamic religiosity, such as intrinsic religiosity, positive religious coping and one related to following Islamic ethical guidelines, were not associated with organ donation attitude. Arab Muslims were more likely to believe deceased organ donation to be justified than South Asian or African Americans (OR 7.06, P<0.05). Sociodemographic descriptors including age, sex, and country of origin, as well as self-reported health and trust of the American health-care system, were not significantly associated with attitude toward deceased organ donation. CONCLUSION Higher levels of intrinsic religiosity or adherence to Islamic ethics do not appear to associate with negative attitudes toward deceased organ donation. Negative religious coping appears, however, to be related to lower rates of believing deceased organ donation to be justified. Future studies with larger samples that incorporate additional measures of religiosity can further clarify relationships between religiosity and organ donation attitude among Muslim communities.
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21
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Özkan Ö, Baykara-Acar Y, Acar H. Opposition to organ donation and transplant by midwifery, nursing, and social work students. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2014; 13:179-87. [PMID: 25077801 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2014.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the individual and social factors of students enrolled in undergraduate programs of midwifery, nursing, and social work, regarding their negative attitudes on organ donation and transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was descriptive research, consisting of 29 first- and second-year students from the departments of midwifery, nursing, and social work at the Kocaeli School of Health, Kocaeli University, in Kocaeli, Turkey, who expressed that they were opposed to organ donation and transplant. Data were collected in June 2012 during focus group discussions with a semistructured questionnaire and analyzed by thematic content analysis. RESULTS Regarding negative attitudes toward organ donation and transplant, 7 themes were identified: fear, lack of knowledge, religious belief, loss of bodily integrity, the degree of recipient relationship, the decision 's effect on the family, and fulfilment of certain criteria for a recipient. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that the most important determinants of students' negative attitudes regarding organ donation and transplant are fear, lack of knowledge, and religious beliefs. Adding courses to the undergraduate curricula of midwifery, nursing, and social work programs about organ donation and transplant would increase these students ' knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Özkan
- From the Public Health Nursing Department, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli School of Health, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Rady MY, Verheijde JL. The moral code in Islam and organ donation in Western countries: reinterpreting religious scriptures to meet utilitarian medical objectives. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2014; 9:11. [PMID: 24888748 PMCID: PMC4047256 DOI: 10.1186/1747-5341-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
End-of-life organ donation is controversial in Islam. The controversy stems from: (1) scientifically flawed medical criteria of death determination; (2) invasive perimortem procedures for preserving transplantable organs; and (3) incomplete disclosure of information to consenting donors and families. Data from a survey of Muslims residing in Western countries have shown that the interpretation of religious scriptures and advice of faith leaders were major barriers to willingness for organ donation. Transplant advocates have proposed corrective interventions: (1) reinterpreting religious scriptures, (2) reeducating faith leaders, and (3) utilizing media campaigns to overcome religious barriers in Muslim communities. This proposal disregards the intensifying scientific, legal, and ethical controversies in Western societies about the medical criteria of death determination in donors. It would also violate the dignity and inviolability of human life which are pertinent values incorporated in the Islamic moral code. Reinterpreting religious scriptures to serve the utilitarian objectives of a controversial end-of-life practice, perceived to be socially desirable, transgresses the Islamic moral code. It may also have deleterious practical consequences, as donors can suffer harm before death. The negative normative consequences of utilitarian secular moral reasoning reset the Islamic moral code upholding the sanctity and dignity of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Y Rady
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Joseph L Verheijde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Karim A, Jandu S, Sharif A. A survey of South Asian attitudes to organ donation in the United Kingdom. Clin Transplant 2013; 27:757-63. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asra Karim
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation; Renal Institute of Birmingham; Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Birmingham; UK
| | - Surinder Jandu
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation; Renal Institute of Birmingham; Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Birmingham; UK
| | - Adnan Sharif
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation; Renal Institute of Birmingham; Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Birmingham; UK
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