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Lapenta OM, Rêgo GG, Boggio PS. Transcranial electrical stimulation for procedural learning and rehabilitation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2024; 213:107958. [PMID: 38971460 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2024.107958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Procedural learning is the acquisition of motor and non-motor skills through a gradual process that increases with practice. Impairments in procedural learning have been consistently demonstrated in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Considering that noninvasive brain stimulation modulates brain activity and boosts neuroplastic mechanisms, we reviewed the effects of coupling transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with training methods for motor and non-motor procedural learning to explore tDCS potential use as a tool for enhancing implicit learning in healthy and clinical populations. The review covers tDCS effects over i. motor procedural learning, from basic to complex activities; ii. non-motor procedural learning; iii. procedural rehabilitation in several clinical populations. We conclude that targeting the primary motor cortex and prefrontal areas seems the most promising for motor and non-motor procedural learning, respectively. For procedural rehabilitation, the use of tDCS is yet at an early stage but some effectiveness has been reported for implicit motor and memory learning. Still, systematic comparisons of stimulation parameters and target areas are recommended for maximising the effectiveness of tDCS and its robustness for procedural rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Morgan Lapenta
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Psychology Research Center, School of Psychology, University of Minho - Rua da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University - Rua Piauí, 181, 01241-001 São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Social and Affective Neuroscience (INCT-SANI), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Boggio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University - Rua Piauí, 181, 01241-001 São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Social and Affective Neuroscience (INCT-SANI), São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Ma J, Qian S, Ma N, Zhang L, Xu L, Liu X, Meng G. Effect of short-term 10 Hz repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on postural control ability in patients with mild hemiparesis in acute ischemic stroke: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1439904. [PMID: 39206286 PMCID: PMC11350563 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1439904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve postural control in subacute and chronic ischemic stroke, but further research is needed to investigate the effect of rTMS on acute ischemic stroke. Objective We compared the therapeutic effects of rTMS plus conventional rehabilitation and conventional rehabilitation on postural control in patients with mild hemiparesis in acute ischemic stroke. Methods Eighty-six patients with acute ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group within 1-7 days of onset. Patients in both groups received conventional rehabilitation for 2 weeks. Patients in the experimental group received rTMS treatments lasting for 2 weeks. Before and after the 2-week treatment, patients were assessed based on the Timed up and Go (TUG) test, Dual-Task Walking (DTW) test, Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), gait kinematic parameters, Barthel Index (BI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Additionally, TUG and single-task gait velocity were assessed at 2 months after the start of treatment, and independent walking recovery was also followed up. Results After 2 weeks of treatment, compared to conventional rehabilitation, participants who underwent rTMS treatment plus conventional rehabilitation exhibited notable enhancements in TUG, FAC, POMA, and some gait parameters [single-task gait velocity, gait stride length, gait cadence, gait cycle]. Changes in cognitive function partially mediated the improvement in single-task gait velocity and gait stride length by rTMS plus conventional rehabilitation. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis showed that the trend of improvement in single-task gait velocity over time was more pronounced in the experimental group than in the control group. The results of the Kaplan-Meier curve indicated a median gait recovery time of 90 days for patients in the experimental group and 100 days for the control group. Multifactorial Cox regression analyses showed that rTMS plus conventional rehabilitation promoted faster recovery of independent walking compared with conventional rehabilitation. Conclusion rTMS plus conventional rehabilitation outperformed conventional rehabilitation in improving postural control in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Improvements in cognitive function may serve as a mediating factor in the favorable treatment outcome of rTMS plus conventional rehabilitation for improving postural control. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900026225.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Qian
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuo Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guilin Meng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fernandes SM, Mendes AJ, Rodrigues PF, Conde A, Rocha M, Leite J. Efficacy and safety of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in memory deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease: Meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100452. [PMID: 38444886 PMCID: PMC10914562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are two of the most used non-pharmacological interventions for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, most of the clinical trials have focused on evaluating the effects on global cognition and not on specific cognitive functions. Therefore, considering that memory loss is one of the hallmark symptoms of AD, we aim to assess the efficacy and safety of tDCS and rTMS in memory deficits. For that, multilevel random effect models were performed considering the standardized mean difference (SMD) between active and sham stimulation. A total of 19 studies with 411 participants demonstrated positive effects in memory after tDCS (SMD=0.20, p = 0.04) and rTMS (SMD=0.44, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that tDCS had greater efficacy when administered in temporal regions (SMD=0.32, p = 0.04), whereas rTMS was superior when applied in frontal regions (SMD=0.61, p < 0.001). Therefore, depending on the brain region of stimulation, both interventions produced a positive effect on memory symptoms in AD patients. Finally, the safety of both techniques was observed in the AD population after the reporting of almost no serious events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Fernandes
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto J. Mendes
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ana Conde
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Magda Rocha
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Leite
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Brain@Loop Lab
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Nandi T, Puonti O, Clarke WT, Nettekoven C, Barron HC, Kolasinski J, Hanayik T, Hinson EL, Berrington A, Bachtiar V, Johnstone A, Winkler AM, Thielscher A, Johansen-Berg H, Stagg CJ. tDCS induced GABA change is associated with the simulated electric field in M1, an effect mediated by grey matter volume in the MRS voxel. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1153-1162. [PMID: 35988862 PMCID: PMC7613675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has wide ranging applications in neuro-behavioural and physiological research, and in neurological rehabilitation. However, it is currently limited by substantial inter-subject variability in responses, which may be explained, at least in part, by anatomical differences that lead to variability in the electric field (E-field) induced in the cortex. Here, we tested whether the variability in the E-field in the stimulated cortex during anodal tDCS, estimated using computational simulations, explains the variability in tDCS induced changes in GABA, a neurophysiological marker of stimulation effect. METHODS Data from five previously conducted MRS studies were combined. The anode was placed over the left primary motor cortex (M1, 3 studies, N = 24) or right temporal cortex (2 studies, N = 32), with the cathode over the contralateral supraorbital ridge. Single voxel spectroscopy was performed in a 2x2x2cm voxel under the anode in all cases. MRS data were acquired before and either during or after 1 mA tDCS using either a sLASER sequence (7T) or a MEGA-PRESS sequence (3T). sLASER MRS data were analysed using LCModel, and MEGA-PRESS using FID-A and Gannet. E-fields were simulated in a finite element model of the head, based on individual structural MR images, using SimNIBS. Separate linear mixed effects models were run for each E-field variable (mean and 95th percentile; magnitude, and components normal and tangential to grey matter surface, within the MRS voxel). The model included effects of time (pre or post tDCS), E-field, grey matter volume in the MRS voxel, and a 3-way interaction between time, E-field and grey matter volume. Additionally, we ran a permutation analysis using PALM to determine whether E-field anywhere in the brain, not just in the MRS voxel, correlated with GABA change. RESULTS In M1, higher mean E-field magnitude was associated with greater anodal tDCS-induced decreases in GABA (t(24) = 3.24, p = 0.003). Further, the association between mean E-field magnitude and GABA change was moderated by the grey matter volume in the MRS voxel (t(24) = -3.55, p = 0.002). These relationships were consistent across all E-field variables except the mean of the normal component. No significant relationship was found between tDCS-induced GABA decrease and E-field in the temporal voxel. No significant clusters were found in the whole brain analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the electric field induced by tDCS within the brain is variable, and is significantly related to anodal tDCS-induced decrease in GABA, a key neurophysiological marker of stimulation. These findings strongly support individualised dosing of tDCS, at least in M1. Further studies examining E-fields in relation to other outcome measures, including behaviour, will help determine the optimal E-fields required for any desired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Nandi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; NeuroImaging Center (NIC), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Germany.
| | - Oula Puonti
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William T Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline Nettekoven
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Helen C Barron
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Taylor Hanayik
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Emily L Hinson
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Berrington
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Velicia Bachtiar
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Anderson M Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Huashuang Z, Yang L, Chensheng H, Jing X, Bo C, Dongming Z, Kangfu L, Shi-Bin W. Prevalence of Adverse Effects Associated With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:875591. [PMID: 35677871 PMCID: PMC9168239 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.875591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies have suggested that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may represent a novel technique with both investigative and therapeutic potential for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, a full spectrum of the adverse effects (AEs) of TMS used in ASD has not been specifically and systematically evaluated. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of AEs related to TMS in ASD and to further explore the potentially related factors on the AEs. Methods A systematic literature research of articles published before 31 December 2020 was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid, PsycINFO, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP, and WANFANG DATA. AEs reported in the studies were carefully examined and synthesized to understand the safety and tolerability of TMS among ASD. Then, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the potentially related factors on the AEs. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021239827. Results Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) of AEs was calculated (overall AEs: 25%, 95% CI 18-33%; headache: 10%, 95% CI 3-19%; facial discomfort: 15%, 95% CI 4-29%; irritability 21%, 95% CI 8-37%; pain at the application site: 6%, 95% CI 0-19%; headedness or dizziness: 8%, 95% CI 0-23%). All reported AEs were mild and transient with relatively few serious AEs and can be resolved after having a rest or medication. In addition, the following variables showed no significant change in overall prevalence of AEs: the purpose of using TMS, mean age of participants, whether the stimulation site was dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC), intensity of TMS, and the number of stimulation sessions. Conclusion The overall prevalence of reported AEs of TMS among ASD was 25%. No identified ASD-specific risk factors for TMS-induced AEs were found. Further studies are needed to clarify the variation in the prevalence. Systematic Review Registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=239827, PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021239827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Huashuang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hou Chensheng
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Chen Bo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Zhang Dongming
- Department of Neurology, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Liang Kangfu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Wang Shi-Bin
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Bandeira ID, Lins-Silva DH, Barouh JL, Faria-Guimarães D, Dorea-Bandeira I, Souza LS, Alves GS, Brunoni AR, Nitsche M, Fregni F, Lucena R. Neuroplasticity and non-invasive brain stimulation in the developing brain. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 264:57-89. [PMID: 34167665 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a dynamic organ whose growth and organization varies according to each subject's life experiences. Through adaptations in gene expression and the release of neurotrophins and neurotransmitters, these experiences induce a process of cellular realignment and neural network reorganization, which consolidate what is called neuroplasticity. However, despite the brain's resilience and dynamism, neuroplasticity is maximized during the first years of life, when the developing brain is more sensitive to structural reorganization and the repair of damaged neurons. This review presents an overview of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques that have increasingly been a focus for experimental research and the development of therapeutic methods involving neuroplasticity, especially Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Due to its safety risk profile and extensive tolerability, several trials have demonstrated the benefits of NIBS as a feasible experimental alternative for the treatment of brain and mind disorders in children and adolescents. However, little is known about the late impact of neuroplasticity-inducing tools on the developing brain, and there are concerns about aberrant plasticity. There are also ethical considerations when performing interventions in the pediatric population. This article will therefore review these aspects and also obstacles related to the premature application of NIBS, given the limited evidence available concerning the extent to which these methods interfere with the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Bandeira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Daniel H Lins-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Judah L Barouh
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Faria-Guimarães
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Dorea-Bandeira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lucca S Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gustavo S Alves
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - André R Brunoni
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Rita Lucena
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Corticomotor excitability after two different repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols in haemorrhagic stroke patients. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Yang YW, Pan WX, Xie Q. Combined effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and physical exercise on cortical plasticity. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1986-1994. [PMID: 32394946 PMCID: PMC7716032 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise can minimize dysfunction and optimize functional motor recovery after stroke by modulating cortical plasticity. However, the limitation of physical exercise is that large amounts of time and effort are necessary to significantly improve motor function, and even then, substantial exercise may not be sufficient to normalize the observed improvements. Thus, interventions that could be used to strengthen physical exercise-induced neuroplasticity may be valuable in treating hemiplegia after stroke. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation seems to be a viable strategy for enhancing such plasticity. As a non-invasive cortical stimulation technique, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is able to induce long-term plastic changes in the motor system. Recently, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was found to optimize the plastic changes caused by motor training, thereby enhancing the long-term effects of physical exercise in stroke patients. Therefore, it is believed that the combination of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and physical exercise may represent a superior method for restoring motor function after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Can electric fields explain inter-individual variability in transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex? Sci Rep 2019; 9:626. [PMID: 30679770 PMCID: PMC6345748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor cortical excitability are highly variable between individuals. Inter-individual differences in the electric fields generated in the brain by tDCS might play a role in the variability. Here, we explored whether these fields are related to excitability changes following anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex (M1). Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured in 28 healthy subjects before and after 20 min sham or 1 mA anodal tDCS of right M1 in a double-blind crossover design. The electric fields were individually modelled based on magnetic resonance images. Statistical analysis indicated that the variability in the MEPs could be partly explained by the electric fields, subjects with the weakest and strongest fields tending to produce opposite changes in excitability. To explain the findings, we hypothesized that the likely locus of action was in the hand area of M1, and the effective electric field component was that in the direction normal to the cortical surface. Our results demonstrate that a large part of inter-individual variability in tDCS may be due to differences in the electric fields. If this is the case, electric field dosimetry could be useful for controlling the neuroplastic effects of tDCS.
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Abstract
The study of addiction and impulsion control disorders has shown that behaviors of seeking and consumption of addictive substances are subserved by neurobiological alterations specifically related to brain networks for reward, stress, and executive control, representing the brain's adaptation to the continued use of an addictive substance. In parallel, studies using neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have demonstrated promising effects in modulating cognitive and motor functions. This review aims to describe the neurobiology of addiction and some of the most relevant cognitive models of addictive behavior and to clarify how tDCS application modulates the intake and craving for several addictive substances, such as food, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, and cannabis. We also discuss the positive and null outcomes of the use of this neuromodulatory technique in the treatment of addiction disorders resulting from the use of these substances. The reviewed findings lead us to conclude that tDCS interventions hold several promising clinical avenues in addiction and impulsive control. However, methodological investigations are necessary for undercover optimal parameters before implementing its clinical application.
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Effects of 20 Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Disorders of Consciousness: A Resting-State Electroencephalography Study. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5036184. [PMID: 29770146 PMCID: PMC5889874 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5036184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as an experimental approach for the treatment of disorders of consciousness (DOC). To date, there has been little research into the use of rTMS in DOC and the therapeutic effects have been variously documented. This study aimed to examine the effects of 20 Hz rTMS on the electroencephalography (EEG) reactivity and clinical response in patients with DOC and to explore the neuromodulatory effects of high-frequency rTMS. In this randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study, real or sham 20 Hz rTMS was applied to the left primary motor cortex (M1) of patients with DOC for 5 consecutive days. Evaluations were blindly performed at the baseline (T0), immediately after the end of the 5 days of treatment (T1) and 1 week after the treatment (T2) using the JFK coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) and resting-state EEG. Only one patient, with a history of 2 months of traumatic brain injury, showed long-lasting (T1, T2) behavioral and neurophysiological modifications after the real rTMS stimulation. The 5 remaining patients presented brain reactivity localized at several electrodes, and the EEG modification was not significant. rTMS stimulation may improve awareness and arousal of DOC. Additionally, EEG represents a potential biomarker for the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS. This trial is registered with (NCT03385278).
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Hanafi MH, Kassim NK, Ibrahim AH, Adnan MM, Ahmad WMAW, Idris Z, Latif LA. Cortical Modulation After Two Different Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocols in Similar Ischemic Stroke Patients. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:116-125. [PMID: 30918461 PMCID: PMC6422591 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Malaysia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of the new non-invasive modality to enhance the motor recovery in stroke patients. OBJECTIVES This pilot study compared the motor evoked potential (MEP) changes using different settings of rTMS in the post-ischemic stroke patient. The goal of the study is to identify effect sizes for a further trial and evaluate safety aspects. METHODS Eight post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis for at least six months duration were studied in a tertiary hospital in Northeast Malaysia. Quasi experimental design was applied and the participants were randomised into two groups using software generated random numbers. One of the two settings: i) inhibitory setting, or ii) facilitatory setting have been applied randomly during the first meeting. The motor evoked potential (MEP) were recorded before and after application of the rTMS setting. A week later, a similar procedure will be repeated but using different setting than the first intervention. Each patient will serve as their own control. Repeated measures ANOVA test was applied to determine the effect sizes for both intervention through the options of partial eta-squared (η2 p). RESULT The study observed large effect sizes (η2 p > 0.14) for both rTMS settings in the lesion and non-lesion sides. For safety aspects, no minor or major side effects associated with the rTMS was reported by the participants. CONCLUSIONS The partial eta square of MEP value for both rTMS settings (fascilitatory and inhibitory) in both lesion and non-lesion sides represents large effect sizes. We recommend further trial to increase number of sample in order to study the effectiveness of both settings in ischemic stroke patient. Our preliminary data showed both settings may improve the MEP of the upper extremity in the ischemic stroke patient. No significant improvement noted when comparing both settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Karyatee Kassim
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Al Hafiz Ibrahim
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Mohd Adnan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Zamzuri Idris
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Lydia Abdul Latif
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine 2, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Kim J, Yim J. Effects of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Task-Oriented Mirror Therapy Training on Hand Rehabilitation of Acute Stroke Patients. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:743-750. [PMID: 29402879 PMCID: PMC5810366 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impairments of hand function make it difficult to perform daily life activities and to return to work. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) combined with task-oriented mirror therapy (TOMT) on hand rehabilitation in acute stroke patients. Material/Methods Twenty subacute stroke patients in the initial stages (<3 months) participated in the study. Subjects were allocated to 2 groups: the experimental group received HF-rTMS + TOMT and the control group received HF-rTMS. TOMT training was conducted in 10 sessions over 2 weeks for 30 min. rTMS was applied at a 20 Hz frequency over the hand motor area in the cortex of the affected hemisphere for 15 min. Outcomes, including motor-evoked potential (MEP), pinch grip, hand grip, and box and block test, were measured before and after training. Results Significant improvements in the MEP and hand function variables were observed in both groups (p<0.05). In particular, hand functions (pinch grip and box and block test) were significantly different between the 2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusions HF-rTMS combined with TOMT had a positive effect on hand function and can be used for the rehabilitation of precise hand movements in acute stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongeun Yim
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Dissanayaka T, Zoghi M, Farrell M, Egan GF, Jaberzadeh S. Does transcranial electrical stimulation enhance corticospinal excitability of the motor cortex in healthy individuals? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1968-1990. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Department of Physiotherapy; School of Primary Health Care; Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport; School of Allied Health; La Trobe University; Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- Monash Biomedical Imaging; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Gary F. Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Department of Physiotherapy; School of Primary Health Care; Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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15
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Lin YL, Potter-Baker KA. Using theoretical models from adult stroke recovery to improve use of noninvasive brain stimulation for children with congenital hemiparesis. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1435-1438. [PMID: 28539399 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00258.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation has been widely used for adults with stroke to improve upper limb motor function. A recent study by Kirton and colleagues (Kirton A, Ciechanski P, Zewdie E, Andersen J, Nettel-Aguirre A, Carlson H, Carsolio L, Herrero M, Quigley J, Mineyko A, Hodge J, Hill M. Neurology 88: 259-267, 2017) applied noninvasive brain stimulation to children with congenital hemiparesis but found no significant effect of noninvasive brain stimulation on motor function. Here, we explore theories about cortical reorganization in both adult and children with hemiparesis and discuss how to improve the approaches of noninvasive brain stimulation to generate optimal motor improvement and development for children with congenital hemiparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Liang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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16
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Ni HC, Hung J, Wu CT, Wu YY, Chang CJ, Chen RS, Huang YZ. The Impact of Single Session Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus on Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:255. [PMID: 28536500 PMCID: PMC5423353 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, was applied over the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to explore its impact in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Among 25 adults with ASD, 19 (mean age: 20.8 years) completed the randomized, sham-controlled, crossover trial. Every participant received iTBS over the bilateral DLPFC, bilateral pSTS and inion (as a sham control stimulation) in a randomized order with a 1-week interval. Neuropsychological functions were assessed using the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Behavioral outcomes were measured using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). In comparison to that in the sham stimulation, the reaction time in the CCPT significantly decreased following single DLPFC session (p = 0.04, effect size = 0.71) while there were no significant differences in the CCPT and WCST following single pSTS session. Besides, the results in behavioral outcomes were inconsistent and had discrepancy between reports of parents and patients. In conclusion, a single session of iTBS over the bilateral DLPFC may alter the neuropsychological function in adults with ASD. The impacts of multiple-sessions iTBS over the DLPFC or pSTS deserve further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chang Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouLinkou, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | - June Hung
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouLinkou, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Jen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Services Center for Health Information, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouTaipei, Taiwan.,Medical School, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
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17
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Kobayashi B, Cook IA, Hunter AM, Minzenberg MJ, Krantz DE, Leuchter AF. Can neurophysiologic measures serve as biomarkers for the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of major depressive disorder? Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:98-114. [PMID: 28362541 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1297697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). There are clinical data that support the efficacy of many different approaches to rTMS treatment, and it remains unclear what combination of stimulation parameters is optimal to relieve depressive symptoms. Because of the costs and complexity of studies that would be necessary to explore and compare the large number of combinations of rTMS treatment parameters, it would be useful to establish reliable surrogate biomarkers of treatment efficacy that could be used to compare different approaches to treatment. This study reviews the evidence that neurophysiologic measures of cortical excitability could be used as biomarkers for screening different rTMS treatment paradigms. It examines evidence that: (1) changes in excitability are related to the mechanism of action of rTMS; (2) rTMS has consistent effects on measures of excitability that could constitute reliable biomarkers; and (3) changes in excitability are related to the outcomes of rTMS treatment of MDD. An increasing body of evidence indicates that these neurophysiologic measures have the potential to serve as reliable biomarkers for screening different approaches to rTMS treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kobayashi
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Ian A Cook
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,d Department of Bioengineering , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Aimee M Hunter
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Michael J Minzenberg
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - David E Krantz
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,c Neuromodulation Division , Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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18
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Brückner S, Kammer T. No Modulation of Visual Cortex Excitability by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167697. [PMID: 27936117 PMCID: PMC5147954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring phosphene thresholds (PTs) is often used to investigate changes in the excitability of the human visual cortex through different brain stimulation methods like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In several studies, PT increase or decrease has been shown after rTMS or tDCS application. Recently, using PT measurements we showed that the state of the neurons in the visual cortex after rTMS might have an influence on the modulatory effects of stimulation. In the present study we aimed to investigate whether visual cortex activity following stimulation influences the modulatory effects of tDCS as well. In a between-group design, anodal or cathodal tDCS was applied to the visual cortex twice per subject, with either high or low visual demand following stimulation. We observed no modulation of PT neither directly following both anodal and cathodal tDCS nor following the visual demand periods. We rather found high inter-individual variability in the response to tDCS, and intra-individual reliability in the direction of modulation was observed for cathodal tDCS only. Thus, our results do not confirm the modulatory effects of tDCS on visual cortex excitability published previously. Moreover, they support the confirmation that tDCS effects have little reliability on varied TMS outcome measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Brückner
- Section for Neurostimulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Kammer
- Section for Neurostimulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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19
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Wrestling in the Experimental Arena: Is Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation Ready for a Dispute With tDCS and rTMS? J ECT 2016; 32:e17-8. [PMID: 27295462 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Luu P, Essaki Arumugam EM, Anderson E, Gunn A, Rech D, Turovets S, Tucker DM. Slow-Frequency Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Modulation of Cortical Plasticity Based on Reciprocity Targeting with Precision Electrical Head Modeling. Front Hum Neurosci 2016. [PMID: 27531976 DOI: 10.3339/fnhum.2016.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In pain management as well as other clinical applications of neuromodulation, it is important to consider the timing parameters influencing activity-dependent plasticity, including pulsed versus sustained currents, as well as the spatial action of electrical currents as they polarize the complex convolutions of the cortical mantle. These factors are of course related; studying temporal factors is not possible when the spatial resolution of current delivery to the cortex is so uncertain to make it unclear whether excitability is increased or decreased with anodal vs. cathodal current flow. In the present study we attempted to improve the targeting of specific cortical locations by applying current through flexible source-sink configurations of 256 electrodes in a geodesic array. We constructed a precision electric head model for 12 healthy individuals. Extraction of the individual's cortical surface allowed computation of the component of the induced current that is normal to the target cortical surface. In an effort to replicate the long-term depression (LTD) induced with pulsed protocols in invasive animal research and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies, we applied 100 ms pulses at 1.9 s intervals either in cortical-surface-anodal or cortical-surface-cathodal directions, with a placebo (sham) control. The results showed significant LTD of the motor evoked potential as a result of the cortical-surface-cathodal pulses in contrast to the placebo control, with a smaller but similar LTD effect for anodal pulses. The cathodal LTD after-effect was sustained over 90 min following current injection. These results support the feasibility of pulsed protocols with low total charge in non-invasive neuromodulation when the precision of targeting is improved with a dense electrode array and accurate head modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Luu
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EugeneOR, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, EugeneOR, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergei Turovets
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EugeneOR, USA; NeuroInformatics Center, University of Oregon, EugeneOR, USA
| | - Don M Tucker
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EugeneOR, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, EugeneOR, USA
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21
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Luu P, Essaki Arumugam EM, Anderson E, Gunn A, Rech D, Turovets S, Tucker DM. Slow-Frequency Pulsed Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Modulation of Cortical Plasticity Based on Reciprocity Targeting with Precision Electrical Head Modeling. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:377. [PMID: 27531976 PMCID: PMC4969286 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In pain management as well as other clinical applications of neuromodulation, it is important to consider the timing parameters influencing activity-dependent plasticity, including pulsed versus sustained currents, as well as the spatial action of electrical currents as they polarize the complex convolutions of the cortical mantle. These factors are of course related; studying temporal factors is not possible when the spatial resolution of current delivery to the cortex is so uncertain to make it unclear whether excitability is increased or decreased with anodal vs. cathodal current flow. In the present study we attempted to improve the targeting of specific cortical locations by applying current through flexible source-sink configurations of 256 electrodes in a geodesic array. We constructed a precision electric head model for 12 healthy individuals. Extraction of the individual's cortical surface allowed computation of the component of the induced current that is normal to the target cortical surface. In an effort to replicate the long-term depression (LTD) induced with pulsed protocols in invasive animal research and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies, we applied 100 ms pulses at 1.9 s intervals either in cortical-surface-anodal or cortical-surface-cathodal directions, with a placebo (sham) control. The results showed significant LTD of the motor evoked potential as a result of the cortical-surface-cathodal pulses in contrast to the placebo control, with a smaller but similar LTD effect for anodal pulses. The cathodal LTD after-effect was sustained over 90 min following current injection. These results support the feasibility of pulsed protocols with low total charge in non-invasive neuromodulation when the precision of targeting is improved with a dense electrode array and accurate head modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Luu
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EugeneOR, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, EugeneOR, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergei Turovets
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EugeneOR, USA; NeuroInformatics Center, University of Oregon, EugeneOR, USA
| | - Don M Tucker
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., EugeneOR, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, EugeneOR, USA
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22
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D'Agata F, Peila E, Cicerale A, Caglio MM, Caroppo P, Vighetti S, Piedimonte A, Minuto A, Campagnoli M, Salatino A, Molo MT, Mortara P, Pinessi L, Massazza G. Cognitive and Neurophysiological Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Stroke Patients after Motor Rehabilitation. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:135. [PMID: 27445730 PMCID: PMC4919333 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two specific Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) paradigms, the repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), in the upper limb rehabilitation of patients with stroke. Short and long term outcomes (after 3 and 6 months, respectively) were evaluated. We measured, at multiple time points, the manual dexterity using a validated clinical scale (ARAT), electroencephalography auditory event related potentials, and neuropsychological performances in patients with chronic stroke of middle severity. Thirty four patients were enrolled and randomized. The intervention group was treated with a NIBS protocol longer than usual, applying a second cycle of stimulation, after a washout period, using different techniques in the two cycles (rTMS/tDCS). We compared the results with a control group treated with sham stimulation. We split the data analysis into three studies. In this first study we examined if a cumulative effect was clinically visible. In the second study we compared the effects of the two techniques. In the third study we explored if patients with minor cognitive impairment have most benefit from the treatment and if cognitive and motor outcomes were correlated. We found that the impairment in some cognitive domains cannot be considered an exclusion criterion for rehabilitation with NIBS. ERP improved, related to cognitive and attentional processes after stimulation on the motor cortex, but transitorily. This effect could be linked to the restoration of hemispheric balance or by the effects of distant connections. In our study the effects of the two NIBS were comparable, with some advantages using tDCS vs. rTMS in stroke rehabilitation. Finally we found that more than one cycle (2-4 weeks), spaced out by washout periods, should be used, only in responder patients, to obtain clinical relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Peila
- Department of Neuroscience, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Caroppo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of TurinTurin, Italy
- UO Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilano, Italy
| | | | | | - Alice Minuto
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Mortara
- Department of Neuroscience, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Massazza
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of TurinTurin, Italy
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23
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Horvath JC, Vogrin SJ, Carter O, Cook MJ, Forte JD. Effects of a common transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocol on motor evoked potentials found to be highly variable within individuals over 9 testing sessions. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2629-42. [PMID: 27150317 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) uses a weak electric current to modulate neuronal activity. A neurophysiologic outcome measure to demonstrate reliable tDCS modulation at the group level is transcranial magnetic stimulation engendered motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Here, we conduct a study testing the reliability of individual MEP response patterns following a common tDCS protocol. Fourteen participants (7m/7f) each underwent nine randomized sessions of 1 mA, 10 min tDCS (3 anode; 3 cathode; 3 sham) delivered using an M1/orbito-frontal electrode montage (sessions separated by an average of ~5.5 days). Fifteen MEPs were obtained prior to, immediately following and in 5 min intervals for 30 min following tDCS. TMS was delivered at 130 % resting motor threshold using neuronavigation to ensure consistent coil localization. A number of non-experimental variables were collected during each session. At the individual level, considerable variability was seen among different testing sessions. No participant demonstrated an excitatory response ≥20 % to all three anodal sessions, and no participant demonstrated an inhibitory response ≥20 % to all three cathodal sessions. Intra-class correlation revealed poor anodal and cathodal test-retest reliability [anode: ICC(2,1) = 0.062; cathode: ICC(2,1) = 0.055] and moderate sham test-retest reliability [ICC(2,1) = 0.433]. Results also revealed no significant effect of tDCS at the group level. Using this common protocol, we found the effects of tDCS on MEP amplitudes to be highly variable at the individual level. In addition, no significant effects of tDCS on MEP amplitude were found at the group level. Future studies should consider utilizing a more strict experimental protocol to potentially account for intra-individual response variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Cooney Horvath
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Simon J Vogrin
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia Carter
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark J Cook
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason D Forte
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Martins ARS, Fregni F, Simis M, Almeida J. Neuromodulation as a cognitive enhancement strategy in healthy older adults: promises and pitfalls. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2016; 24:158-185. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2016.1176986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Andrade SM, Santos NA, Fernández-Calvo B, Boggio PS, Oliveira EA, Ferreira JJ, Sobreira A, Morgan F, Medeiros G, Cavalcanti GS, Gadelha ID, Duarte J, Marrocos J, Silva MA, Rufino T, Nóbrega SR. Stroke Treatment Associated with Rehabilitation Therapy and Transcranial DC Stimulation (START-tDCS): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:56. [PMID: 26822418 PMCID: PMC4731905 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional treatment for motor impairment after stroke includes medication and physical rehabilitation. The transcranial direct current stimulation associated with a standard physical therapy program may be an effective therapeutic alternative for these patients. Methods This study is a sham-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial aiming to evaluate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in activities of daily living and motor function post subacute stroke. In total there will be 40 patients enrolled, diagnosed with subacute, ischemic, unilateral, non-recurring stroke. Participants will be randomized to two groups, one with active stimulation and the other with a placebo current. Patients and investigators will be blinded. Everyone will receive systematic physical therapy, based on constraint-induced movement therapy. The intervention will be applied for 10 consecutive days. Patients will undergo three functional assessments: at baseline, week 2, and week 4. Neuropsychological tests will be performed at baseline and week 4. Adverse effects will be computed at each session. On completion of the baseline measures, randomization will be conducted using random permuted blocks. The randomization will be concealed until group allocation. Discussion This study will investigate the combined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and physical therapy on functional improvement after stroke. We tested whether the combination of these treatments is more effective than physical therapy alone when administered in the early stages after stroke. Trial registration NCT02156635 - May 30, 2014. Randomization is ongoing (40 participants randomized as of the end of December 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen M Andrade
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Natanael A Santos
- Perception, Neurosciences and Behavior Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo S Boggio
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eliane A Oliveira
- Center for Research in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - José J Ferreira
- Study Group of Human Movement, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Sobreira
- Center for Research in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Morgan
- Center for Research in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Germana Medeiros
- Study Group of Human Movement, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Gyovanna S Cavalcanti
- Center for Research in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid D Gadelha
- Center for Research in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Jader Duarte
- Study Group of Human Movement, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Joercia Marrocos
- Center for Research in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Michele A Silva
- Center for Research in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Thatiana Rufino
- Study Group of Human Movement, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
| | - Sanmy R Nóbrega
- Neuromuscular Adaptations Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Li J, Meng XM, Li RY, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Du YF. Effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the recovery of upper limb motor dysfunction in patients with subacute cerebral infarction. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1584-1590. [PMID: 27904488 PMCID: PMC5116836 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.193236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can decrease the activity of cortical neurons, and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can increase the excitability of cortical neurons. However, there are few studies concerning the use of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the recovery of upper-limb motor function after cerebral infarction. We hypothesized that different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with cerebral infarction would produce different effects on the recovery of upper-limb motor function. This study enrolled 127 patients with upper-limb dysfunction during the subacute phase of cerebral infarction. These patients were randomly assigned to three groups. The low-frequency group comprised 42 patients who were treated with 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the contralateral hemisphere primary motor cortex (M1). The high-frequency group comprised 43 patients who were treated with 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on ipsilateral M1. Finally, the sham group comprised 42 patients who were treated with 10 Hz of false stimulation on ipsilateral M1. A total of 135 seconds of stimulation was applied in the sham group and high-frequency group. At 2 weeks after treatment, cortical latency of motor-evoked potentials and central motor conduction time were significantly lower compared with before treatment. Moreover, motor function scores were significantly improved. The above indices for the low- and high-frequency groups were significantly different compared with the sham group. However, there was no significant difference between the low- and high-frequency groups. The results show that low- and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can similarly improve upper-limb motor function in patients with cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiang-Min Meng
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ru-Yi Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Feng Du
- Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Chervyakov AV, Chernyavsky AY, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:303. [PMID: 26136672 PMCID: PMC4468834 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat many neurological disorders. Although repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to treat a variety of serious pathological conditions including stroke, depression, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, pain, and migraines, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of long-term TMS remain unclear. In the present review, the effects of rTMS on neurotransmitters and synaptic plasticity are described, including the classic interpretations of TMS effects on synaptic plasticity via long-term potentiation and long-term depression. We also discuss the effects of rTMS on the genetic apparatus of neurons, glial cells, and the prevention of neuronal death. The neurotrophic effects of rTMS on dendritic growth and sprouting and neurotrophic factors are described, including change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration under the influence of rTMS. Also, non-classical effects of TMS related to biophysical effects of magnetic fields are described, including the quantum effects, the magnetic spin effects, genetic magnetoreception, the macromolecular effects of TMS, and the electromagnetic theory of consciousness. Finally, we discuss possible interpretations of TMS effects according to dynamical systems theory. Evidence suggests that a rTMS-induced magnetic field should be considered a separate physical factor that can be impactful at the subatomic level and that rTMS is capable of significantly altering the reactivity of molecules (radicals). It is thought that these factors underlie the therapeutic benefits of therapy with TMS. Future research on these mechanisms will be instrumental to the development of more powerful and reliable TMS treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Yu Chernyavsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Dmitry O Sinitsyn
- Research Center of Neurology , Moscow , Russia ; Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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28
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Chervyakov AV, Chernyavsky AY, Sinitsyn DO, Piradov MA. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26136672 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303.e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat many neurological disorders. Although repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to treat a variety of serious pathological conditions including stroke, depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, pain, and migraines, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of long-term TMS remain unclear. In the present review, the effects of rTMS on neurotransmitters and synaptic plasticity are described, including the classic interpretations of TMS effects on synaptic plasticity via long-term potentiation and long-term depression. We also discuss the effects of rTMS on the genetic apparatus of neurons, glial cells, and the prevention of neuronal death. The neurotrophic effects of rTMS on dendritic growth and sprouting and neurotrophic factors are described, including change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration under the influence of rTMS. Also, non-classical effects of TMS related to biophysical effects of magnetic fields are described, including the quantum effects, the magnetic spin effects, genetic magnetoreception, the macromolecular effects of TMS, and the electromagnetic theory of consciousness. Finally, we discuss possible interpretations of TMS effects according to dynamical systems theory. Evidence suggests that a rTMS-induced magnetic field should be considered a separate physical factor that can be impactful at the subatomic level and that rTMS is capable of significantly altering the reactivity of molecules (radicals). It is thought that these factors underlie the therapeutic benefits of therapy with TMS. Future research on these mechanisms will be instrumental to the development of more powerful and reliable TMS treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Yu Chernyavsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ; Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Dmitry O Sinitsyn
- Research Center of Neurology , Moscow , Russia ; Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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Crosson B, McGregor KM, Nocera JR, Drucker JH, Tran SM, Butler AJ. The relevance of aging-related changes in brain function to rehabilitation in aging-related disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:307. [PMID: 26074807 PMCID: PMC4444823 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of aging on rehabilitation of aging-related diseases are rarely a design consideration in rehabilitation research. In this brief review we present strong coincidental evidence from these two fields suggesting that deficits in aging-related disease or injury are compounded by the interaction between aging-related brain changes and disease-related brain changes. Specifically, we hypothesize that some aphasia, motor, and neglect treatments using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in stroke patients may address the aging side of this interaction. The importance of testing this hypothesis and addressing the larger aging by aging-related disease interaction is discussed. Underlying mechanisms in aging that most likely are relevant to rehabilitation of aging-related diseases also are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (151R), Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur, GA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA ; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Keith M McGregor
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (151R), Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur, GA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joe R Nocera
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (151R), Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur, GA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Drucker
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (151R), Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur, GA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Psychology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stella M Tran
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (151R), Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur, GA, USA ; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew J Butler
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (151R), Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur, GA, USA ; Department of Physical Therapy and School of Nursing and Health Professionals, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
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30
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Aftereffects of 2 Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Techniques on Corticospinal Excitability in Persons With Chronic Stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther 2015; 39:15-22. [DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Horvath JC, Forte JD, Carter O. Evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) generates little-to-no reliable neurophysiologic effect beyond MEP amplitude modulation in healthy human subjects: A systematic review. Neuropsychologia 2015; 66:213-36. [PMID: 25448853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Carvalho S, Boggio PS, Gonçalves ÓF, Vigário AR, Faria M, Silva S, Gaudencio do Rego G, Fregni F, Leite J. Transcranial direct current stimulation based metaplasticity protocols in working memory. Brain Stimul 2014; 8:289-94. [PMID: 25550147 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been already shown that delivering tDCS that are spaced by an interval alters its impact on motor plasticity. These effects can be explained, based on metaplasticity in which a previous modification of activity in a neuronal network can change the effects of subsequent interventions in the same network. But to date there is limited data assessing metaplasticity effects in cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test several tDCS-based metaplasticity protocols in working memory (WM), by studying the impact of various interstimulation intervals in the performance of a 3-back task. METHODS Fifteen healthy volunteers per experiment participated in this study. Experiments 1 and 2 tested an anodal tDCS-induced metaplasticity protocol (1 mA, 10 + 10') with 3 interstimulation intervals (10, 30, and 60 min). Experiment 3 determined the effects of a similar protocol-with a 10-min interval between two sessions of cathodal tDCS or anodal plus cathodal tDCS (1 mA, 10 + 10'). RESULTS Two consecutive sessions of anodal tDCS delivered with a 10 min interval between them did not improve WM performance (P = .095). This effect remained the same if the interval was increased to 30 or 60 min. In contrast, when a 10 min interval was given between two consecutive cathodal tDCS sessions, performance in the 3 back task increased (P = .042). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the polarity effects of tDCS on working memory are dependent on the previous level of activity of the recruited neural population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carvalho
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Paulo S Boggio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01241-001 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Óscar F Gonçalves
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Ana Rita Vigário
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marisa Faria
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Soraia Silva
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Gaudencio do Rego
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01241-001 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge Leite
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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33
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Horvath JC, Carter O, Forte JD. Transcranial direct current stimulation: five important issues we aren't discussing (but probably should be). Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:2. [PMID: 24478640 PMCID: PMC3901383 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory device often publicized for its ability to enhance cognitive and behavioral performance. These enhancement claims, however, are predicated upon electrophysiological evidence and descriptions which are far from conclusive. In fact, a review of the literature reveals a number of important experimental and technical issues inherent with this device that are simply not being discussed in any meaningful manner. In this paper, we will consider five of these topics. The first, inter-subject variability, explores the extensive between- and within-group differences found within the tDCS literature and highlights the need to properly examine stimulatory response at the individual level. The second, intra-subject reliability, reviews the lack of data concerning tDCS response reliability over time and emphasizes the importance of this knowledge for appropriate stimulatory application. The third, sham stimulation and blinding, draws attention to the importance (yet relative lack) of proper control and blinding practices in the tDCS literature. The fourth, motor and cognitive interference, highlights the often overlooked body of research that suggests typical behaviors and cognitions undertaken during or following tDCS can impair or abolish the effects of stimulation. Finally, the fifth, electric current influences, underscores several largely ignored variables (such as hair thickness and electrode attachments methods) influential to tDCS electric current density and flow. Through this paper, we hope to increase awareness and start an ongoing dialog of these important issues which speak to the efficacy, reliability, and mechanistic foundations of tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C. Horvath
- Psychological Sciences, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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